初中英语数词怎么教
❶ 初中英语基础语法5数词
初中英语基础语法5数词
数词
(一)基数词 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词,初中英语基础语法5-数词。
1.基数词的构成
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,
sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为
million,第三个“,”前为billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一节一节指脊地表示。
1,001→one thousand and one
9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion(美式) seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式)
2.基数词的'用法
(1)作主唯察渗语
eg.Four Of them come from Paris.
(2)作宾语
eg.一 How many books would you like?
一I would like two.
(3)作表语
eg.Seven minus two is five.
(4)作定语
eg.There are three people in my family·
没缺(5)作同位语
eg. You two will go swimming with us.
(6)表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。
eg. There are six hundred students in our grade.
(7)表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词,再加of hundreds of(数百,成百上千的),thousands of(数干,成千上万的),millions of(数百万)
eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他们三三两两地来了。
(8)表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。
eg. He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁(31—34岁):
This took place in the 1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代;
(9)表示时刻
eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.
(二)序数词 在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词,英语语法《初中英语基础语法5-数词》。
1.序数词的构成
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve——~twelfih
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
2.序数词的用法
(1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。
eg.Tom is their second son.
He is the first one to come here.
(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上“又—”,“再一”
eg: He tried a second time.他又试了—次。
Shall l ask him a third time?还要我再问他—次吗?我已问了他两次)
(3)序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。
1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
(4表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。
2005年8月15日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005
(三)基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。
No.1(1号),No.3bus(3路公共汽车),Room 103,(103号旁间)
The first lesson=Lesson Two(第二课)
(四)分数词的表达
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s
eg.1/3-one third;2/5-two fifths
(五)数学运算的表达
eg.3+5=8 Three plus/and five is eight.
9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.
6x5=30 Five times six is thirty /six unutilized five is thirty.
8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.
;❷ 初中英语语法数词的教案怎么写
一、基数词
巧记基数词口诀
1至12分别记,13至19都带-teen,
整十后面要用-ty,连字符用于几十几,百位以上and连。
注释:
1. 基数词从1到12是独立的单词,要分别记忆。如2__________,12__________。
2. 13到19均是在个位数后加-teen构成。如:13___________,15____________。
3. 20到90表示整十的基数词均是在个位数后加-ty构成。如:40__________,90__________。
4. 表示“几十几”要在个位数与十位数之间加连字符“-”。如:59_______________。
5. 表示“几百几十几”要在百位数与十位数之间加and。如:262________________________。
6. 英语中没有“万”和“亿” 这两个数量单位,要按十进位法来推算。如ten thousand________,
ten million___________,一亿____________________。
二、略数表达法
1. 当hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen等前面有具体的数词(one, two, three…)时,后面既不能加s,也不能加介词of。如:
There are ___________________(两千)students in our school.
2. hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen等前面没有具体的数词,则在其后加s和介词of,表不确定的数量或形容数量之多。如:
hundreds of 成百的,好几百 hundreds and hundreds of成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的 tens of thousands of 千千万万的
millions of 数百万的 dozens of 许多
长城是由数百万石头砌成的。The Great Wall is made of ________________ stones.
3. 若表示特定的数目,可在hundred、thousand后加of。如:
There are seven hundred students in this school. Three hundred of them / the students are girls.
该校有700名学生,其中女生有300名。
三、基数词变序数词
基变序,有规律,词尾多加th。一、二、三,特殊记,词尾字母t、d、d。
八减t,九去e,f来把ve替。逢十改y为ie,后跟th莫忘记。
若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
1. 一、二、三的序数词需要特殊记忆:one _________, two___________, three_____________。
2. 八只加h,九去掉e后再加th:eight__________, nine__________。
3. 五和十二先将ve变成f,再加th:five___________, twelve___________。
4. 整十的基数词(10除外),均将y变成ie,再加th:twenty____________, fifty___________。
5. 表示二十以上的基数词只变个位数(整十除外):thirty-one______________。
6. 其他情况一般都是在基数词词尾加th:four____________, hundred______________。
四、分数的构成与巧读
分数是由基数词和序数词组合而成的:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,
分母则用复数形式。如:
1/2 a / one half(一般不读作a second,因为容易误以为“一秒钟”)
1/3 one third 3/5 three fifths 1/ 4 a quarter / one fourth
记忆口诀:英语分数不费事,“母序分基”四个字;分子若是大于一,分母还须加s。
【注】分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与后面的名词一致:当名词是可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数;当名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数时,谓语动词用单数。如:
In our class, two fifths of the students ________(is / are)boys.
Three fourths / quarters of the meat ________(has / have)gone bad.
五、百分数的读法与用法
90%读作ninety percent / per cent
55%读作fifty-five percent / per cent
【注】百分数作主语时,谓语动词也要与后面的名词保持一致。如:
More than 70%of the earth ________(is / are)covered with water.
Thirty percent of the students in our class ________(is / are)girls.
六、时间表达法
时间表达法,英汉有异同;顺读时一样,逆读有不同;
先分钟后点钟,half、quarter记心中;
三十分钟内,past来使用;超过三十分,to来先前冲。
2:00 two / two o’clock 2:15 two fifteen / a quarter past two
2:30 ____________________________ 2:40___________________________
七、年代表达法
年代以十记,s加上去;前加介词in,定冠莫忘记。
在20世纪90年代(1990-1999):in the 1990s或in the 1990’s
在19世纪80年代(1880-1889):______________________________
八、年月日表达法
1. 年份:大多每两位数一读,但有特殊。如:
1949年读作nineteen forty-nine 1900年读作nineteen hundred
1901年读作nineteen o one 2000年读作two thousand
2012年读作two thousand and twelve / twenty twelve
2. 可以先月后日,日要用序数词。如:
5月1日读作May(the)first,写作May 1st
3月8日读作March(the)eighth,写作March 8th
3. 也可以先日后月,日也要用序数词。如:
5月2日读作the second of May,写作2nd May
3月3日读作the third of March,写作3rd March
4. 年份前要用逗号隔开。如:
1949年10月1日,可写作 October 1st, 1949或1st October, 1949
1981年2月8日,可写作____________________________
九、年龄段表示法
年龄段用“in + 形容词性物主代词 + 数词的复数形式”来表示。如:
in my twenties 在我二十几岁时(20-29) in her sixties在她六十几岁时(60-69)
Marx began to learn foreign languages ______________________(在他五十几岁时).
【注】“十几岁”要用in one’s teens而不是in one’s tens。
十、算式表达法
1. 加法:基数词 + and / plus + 基数词 + is + 总数
Seven and / plus eight is fifteen.(7+8=15)
2. 减法:基数词 + minus + 基数词 + is + 总数
Ten minus two is eight.( )
3. 乘法:基数词 + times + 基数词 + is + 总数
Nine times three is twenty-seven.( )
4. 除法:基数词 + divided by + 基数词 + is + 总数
Thirty-two divided by four is eight.( )
【注】如果问“一加三等于多少”,可用What / How much is one plus three?
数词30分自我检测题
一、用英语写出下列词组。
1. 两个半小时 2. 第三节课
3. 第九周 4. 在十一月五日
5. 数百名警察 6. 得了第二十名
7. 三十五位学生 8. 差一刻三点
9. 每日三次 10. 在20世纪80年代
二、把基数词改为序数词。
one
two
three
five
eight
nine
twelve
fourteen
twenty
twenty-one
forty-four
ninety-six
三、单项选择。
( )21. —What’s the time, please?
—It’s _______.
A. nine thirty-five B. forty-eight past six C. fifty-five to four D. thirty-one two
( )22. January is _______ month of the year.
A. one B. the one C. first D. the first
( )23. There are _______ days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five
C. the third hundred sixty-five D. third hundred and sixty-five
( )24. The computer was cheap. I spent only two _______ yuan on it.
A. thousands B. thousand C. thousands of D. thousand of
( )25. Please look at the following four pictures and write a _______ story about them.
A. one-hundred-word B. one-hundred-words
C. one-hundreds-word D. one-hundreds-words
( )26. —On which floor do you live?
—The _______ floor, and my room number is _______.
A. fifth; five zero two B. fifth; five zero second
C. five; five zero second D. five; five zero two
( )27. In our city people have moved into their new houses.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of D. many thousand
( )28. Now children, turn to page _______ and look at the _______ picture in Lesson Two.
A. twentieth, one B. twenty, one C. twentieth, first D. twenty, first
( )29. _____ girls took part in the Super Girl Competition but only few of them succeeded.
A. One million of B. Thousands and millions
C. Millions of D. Two millions
( )30. This is a big class, and ___________ of the students are girls.
A. two third B. second three C. two thirds D. two three
参考答案
1. two hours and a half / two and a half hours 2. the third class 3. the ninth week
4. on November (the) fifth / on the fifth of November 5. hundreds of policemen
6. be / get / come in twentieth 7. thirty-five students / pupils 8. a quarter to three / 2:45
9. three times a day 10. in / ring the 1980s / 1980’s
21-25 ADBBA 26-30 ACDCC
❸ 初中英语语法:英语与嘎详解 数 词
《滚明英语与嘎详解 数 词》由留学liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
一、数词的分类: 数词分为序数词(one, two, three, four…)、基数词(first, second, third, fourth…)和分数词(one third, two thirds, four fifths…)。表示单一的数词与单数名词连用,但有些数词和名词连用,表示复数时仍用单数形式
four dozen eggs(四十八个鸡蛋), two score people (四十个人), three hundred years(三百年), a few thousand horses (好几千匹马), eight million pounds (八百万英磅)。
注意:被这些数词修饰的名词一定是复数,反过来,如果被修饰的名词是复数,那么就用数词的单数形式,如 a(one) thousand years:
二、关于"千""百""百万"的数词: 如果"hundred"、"thousand"和"million"前边没有表示羡行数字和其他限定词修饰时(如"a few"、"one"、" ten"等),则可用复数形式,表示不定数,后面再加"of+名词":hundreds of (数以百计的大派告),thousands and thousands of (成千上万的),millions of (数以百万计的)
三、关于连字符连接的数词: 在连字符连接的"数词+普通名词+形容词"中,"数词"和"普通名词"都要用单数形式
a three?year?old girl, a three?mile?long walk
四、基数词中表示"几十"的复数形式可以表达人的岁数或年代
He is in his late twenties. 他快30了。
五、分数词:分数词是由基数词和序数词组成的,分子是基数词,分母是序数词。除了表示"1"以外,分母序数词都用复数
六、百分数: 表示百分比的percent用单数,如ninty percent(90%) 《英语与嘎详解 数 词》由留学liuxue86.com我整理
❹ 初中英语语法:初中英语语法梳理和提高 8数词讲解例题解析
《初中英语语法梳理和提高 8数词讲解例题解析》由留学liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如笑纯皮有任何问题请联系我们。
数 词
英语数词表示数目或者顺序, 可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量,序数词裤烂表示顺序。
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
一、基数词的构成
1.1-12的基数词是独立的单词,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
2.13-19的基数词以-teen结尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊, 13-thirteen 15-fifteen 18-eighteen。
3.20-90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如: sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊, 20-twenty 30-thirty 40-forty 50-fifty 80-eighty。
4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号"-",如:28-twenty-eight,96-ninety-six。
5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148-one hundred and forty-eight 406-four hundred and six。
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600-six hundred,8百万-eight million。
7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号","第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无"万"这个词,我们可以用"几十个千(thousand)"表示几万,"几百个千(thousand)"表示"几十万"。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。
二、序数词的构成
序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时, 有特别碰差之处。
1.one--- first, two --- second, three --- third, five --- fifth, nice --- ninth, twelve --- twelfth
2. 以ty 结尾的单词, 要先变y为I, 在加-eth. 例如:thirty ---thirtieth, fifty ---fiftieth
3. 以one, two, three 等结尾的多位数词, 要将各位数变成序数词。 例如: twenty-one --- twenty-first, one hundred and one --- one hundred and first
注意: 序数词前常用定冠词, 有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 "又一 "的意思。
例如:Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。
He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。
三、数词的应用
1.时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。
①"几点钟"用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如: 5点钟-five(o'clock).
②"几点过几分 ",≤30分钟"用介词past。如: 7:05-five past seven;7:15-fifteen (a quarter)past seven;7:30-half past seven。
③"差几分几点"用介词"to"。如:7:40-twenty to eight;7:45-fifteen(a quarter to eight。
④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05-seven o five;7:15- seven fifteen。
2.年月日的表示:
①年份用基数词,如:1999年-nineteen ninety-nine; 1900年-nineteen hundred; 2000-two thousand;1905-nineteen o five;
②年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日 写作:June 8,1998;读作:June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June, nineteen ninety-eight。
3. 世纪、年代表示法:
(在)90年代 (in) the nineties
(在)19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century
(在)18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730's
4.编号的表示:
①Lesson One =the first lesson第一课;
②Bus No.3=the No.3bus 3路公共汽车;
③表示住所时不用"No."如:302房间-Room 302(读作:room three o two);
④如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page 457第457页;
⑤电话号码,用基数词,如:3855633-three eight five five(double five) six three three(double three)。
5.分数的表达:
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于"1",分母则加"s"。如:1/3 one third,2/3two thirds;
另外:1/2 a(one)half; 1/4one fourth或a(one)quarter;3/4threefourths或three quarters。
half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒
6. 表示有小数的词用基数词。
5.5 five point five
12.135 twelve point one three five
7.表示百分数
5℅:five percent (per cent), 0.8℅ zero point eight percent (per cent).
8.表示有小数的词用基数词。
5.5 five point five
12.135 twelve point one three five
9.其他用法:
1)基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy;
一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge;女子400米接力girls'400-metre relay race。
2)具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long / high /tall /deep /away等。如:长江长6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long.
3)表示"几十岁"用序数词,eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties
4)倍数的表达:(一倍用once,两倍用 twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。如:5倍five times)。
例如:He is as tall a boy as I.
He is a head taller than I .
He is two years older than I
China is four times as large as Europe.
I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)
My books are twice as many as yours.
China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)
I pay twice as much as it was worth.
I pay twice as much for the house.
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic.
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a ______ one.
A. three B. third C. forth D. /
3). --- Which is the smallest number of the four? --- _________.
A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths
4). Please write down the new words in the text of _______.
A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh
解析:1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具体数字时,它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of (几百,成百上千) ,thousands of (几千,数千个),millions of, billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several 等修饰。故选答案D.
2.答案: B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。
3.答案:C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时,分母用序数词,分子用基数词,当分子大于1时,表示分母的序数词后要加s.
4.答案: A。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下,名词编号有这几种表示法: 1。事物名词+基数词,且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如:Lesson Eleven;2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如: No. 6 Middle School
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
选择填空:
1._______ of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day.
A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions
2.About _______ of the surface of the earth _______ covered with water.
A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are
3.It will take _______ time to finish the work.
A. one and a half years' B. a year and half C. one and a half year's D. a year and half's
4.--- How long will your stay here ?、
---For ________ .
A. one and two day's B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day
5.When he moved to Germany in ______ , he was already in _______ .
A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties
C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty
6.My brother lives in ______ on ______ floor.
A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the second
C. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second
7.December is _______ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve
8.This took place in the ______ .
A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th
9.It is only _____ from my home to the train station.
A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes 's walk D. ten minutes' walk
10.There are ______ in this building , I live on ______.
A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floor
C. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor
11.The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峡大坝) should be ______ higher than downstream( 下游)。
A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter
C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters
12. There are _______ days in a year.
A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty -five D. two hundreds and sixty-five
13. ---How many teachers are there in your school?
--- __________. , but I'm not sure.
A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred
14. There are _________ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.
A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of
15. --- What's one fourth and a half, do you know?
--- Yes, it's _________.
A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixth
16. Now children, turn to page ________ and look at the _______ picture in Lesson Two.
A. twentieth, one B. twenty, one C. twentieth, first D. twenty, first
17. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______ one.
A. three B. third C. forth D. /
18. December is the __________ month in year.
A. twenty B. twelve C. twentieth D. twelfth
19. --- What is the date today?
--- It's _________.
A. Thursday B. June the sixteenth C. the best day D. June fifteen
20. She knows a lot about China as she has been to China ________.
A. for the forth time B. four times C. a fourth time D. for four times
1-5 CCACA 6-10 BCBD 11-15 CCCDA 16 -20 DBDBB 《初中英语语法梳理和提高 8数词讲解例题解析》由留学liuxue86.com我整理
❺ 中学英语数量词用法
数 词:主要分为基数词和序数词两类。接下来,我给大家准备了中学英语数量词用法,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
中学英语数量词用法
一、 数词的分类
1. 基数词表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下:
A.从1——10
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.
B.从 11——19
eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.
这里除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。
C.从 21——99
整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”
21 twenty-one
76 seventy-six
D.百位数
个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and.
101 a hundred and one
320 three hundred and twenty
648 six hundred and forty-eight
E.千位数以上
从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表森隐磨示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。
2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four
5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four
F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三此斗三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。
There are hundreds of people in the hall.
大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum ofQin Terra-Cotta Warriors1 and Horses every day.
每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。
They went to the theatre in twos and threes.
他们三三两两地来到了剧院。
G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。
He became a professor in his thirties.
他三十多岁时成为了教授。
She died of lung cancer in forties.
她四十来岁携唤时死于肺癌。
It was in the 1960s.
那是在二十世纪六十年代。
H.基数词的句法功能
基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。
The two happily opened the box.
两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语)
I need three altogether.
我总共需要三个。(作宾语)
Four students are playing volleyball outside.
四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语)
We are sixteen.
我们是16个人。(作表语)
They three tried to finish the task before sunset2.
他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。(作同位语)
2. 序数词
表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式:
A.从第一至第十九
其中,one— first, two— second, three— third, five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth.
B.从第二十至第九十九
整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。
twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth
表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。
thirty-first 第三十一
fifty-sixth 第五十六
seventy-third 第七十三
ninety-ninth 第九十九
C.第一百以上的多位序数词
由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。
one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十
D.序数词的缩写形式
有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。
first——lst second——2nd third——3rd
fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th
twenty-third——23rd
其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
E.序数词的句法功能
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
The second is what I really need.
第二个是我真正需要的。(作主语)
He choose the second.
他挑选了第二个。(作宾语)
We are to carry out the first plan.
我们将执行第一个计划。(作定语)
She is the second in our class.在我们班她是第二名。(作表语)
注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再——”,“又——”。
We'll go over it a second time.
我们得再念第二遍。
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗?
另外,基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词。
the first lesson——Lesson One
the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
二、时刻表示法
1. 表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o'clock
5:00 读作 five o'clock 或 five
2. 表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时
five past seven 七点过五分
half past six 六点半
a quarter past eight 八点过一刻
seven past eight 八点过七分 3. 表示几点差几分,在分钟后面加to,再加小时
ten to eight 差十分八点(七点五十分)
a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点(十一点四十五分)
twenty to six 差二十分六点(五点四十分)
在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间。
以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。
6:31读作 six thirty-one
10:26读作 ten twenty-six
14:03 读作 fourteen o three
16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen
18:30 读作 eighteen thirty
23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-five
注:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。
三、年月表示法
1. 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加's表示
the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪
the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪
the 1900's 二十世纪
the 1600's 十七世纪
这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。
2. 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成
in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)
在二十世纪三十年代
in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)
在十九世纪六十年代
In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.
在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语。
3. 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late
in the early 1920's 在二十世纪二十年代早期
in the mid-1950's 在二十世纪五十年代中期
4. 年月日表示法
A.年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。
1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine
1800 读作 eighteen hundred
253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three
1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two
表示在哪一年,一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。
in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年
但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。
B. 月份,在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外。
January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月
March——Mar3. 三月 April——Apr.四月
August——Aug.八月
September——Sept.九月
October——Oct.十月
November——Nov.十一月
December——Dec.十二月
注:这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。
C.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。
National Day is on Oct. 1.
国庆节是十月一日。(读作 October first)
此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October.
May 5 五月五日(读作May fifth)
也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of May
Mar. 1(st) 三月一日(读作March first或 the first of March)
5. 表示不具体、不确切的时间,如世纪、年代、年份、月份时,用介词in表示,表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in。但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。
On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.
在一个寒冷的早晨,这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。
I don't want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.
我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。
The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.
这次事故发生在7月7日下午。
We are to have a small test on Monday morning.
星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。
四、加减乘除表示法
1. “加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示。
2+3=? 可表示为: How much is two plus three?
2+3=5
Two plus three is five.
Two and three is equal to five.
Two and three make five.
Two added4 to three equals five.
If we add two to/and three, we get five.
二加三等于五
2. “减”用 minus5或 take from表示
10-6=?How much is ten minus six?
10-6=4Ten minus six is four.
Take six from ten and the remainder6 is four.
Six (taken) from ten is four.
十减去六等于四
3. “乘”用time(动词)或multiply表示
3X4=? How much is three times four?
3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve.
Multiply7 three by four,we get twelve.
Three multiplied8 by four makes twelve.
三乘以四等于十二
4. “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示
16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four?
16÷4=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.
Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.
十六除以四等于四。
五、分数表示法
1. 分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。
3/4 three fourths或 three quarters
1/3 one third或a third
24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths
3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter
1/2 a half
1/4 one quarter或a quarter
1 1/2 one and a half
1 1/4 one and a quarter
2. 当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。
1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours)
2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters)
4/5 meter 五分之四米
5/6 inch 六分之五英寸
3. 表示“n次方”的说法:指数用序数词,底数用基数词。
10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)
6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)
六 、小数表示法
1. 小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作 point,o读作 zero或o[ou],整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。
0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四
10.23 ten point two three 十点二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七
l.03 one point o three 一点零三
2. 当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数。
1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨
l.5 tons 一点五吨
七、百分数表示法
百分数用基数+percent表示
50% fifty percent百分之五十
3% three percent百分之三
0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二
这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent这一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。
八、数量表示法
1. 表示长、宽、高、面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容词(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词(length, width9, height, weight等)表示。
two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长
three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高
four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽
This box is 2 kilograms10 in weight.
这个盒子有两千克重。
The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.
西安城墙是12米宽,12米高。
2. 表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。
five minutes' walk
步行五分钟(的距离)
It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university.
从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。
或:从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。
It's three kilometers' distance from our campus11 to the Bell Tower.
从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。
3. 表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示。
thirty-six degrees centigrade12或 36℃ 摄氏 36度
four degrees below zero centigrade或 -4℃ 摄氏零下4度
Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit13.
水在华氏三十二度时结冰。
Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.
水在摄氏一网络时沸腾。
这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时,可以省略。
You are 37℃.(读作 thirty-seven degrees)
你是三十七度。(摄氏)
It's seven degrees below zero.
今天是零下七度。(摄氏)
4. 由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。
It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.
从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。
She's a sixteen-year-old girl.
她是个十六岁的女孩。
5. 表示“比···大(或)几倍”的说法。
This room is two times bigger than that one.
这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。
The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.
这本词典比那本书厚四倍。
My age is two times older than his.
我的年龄比他大两倍。
❻ 初中英语数词知识点
基数词的用法
1、基数词的读法
1000以上几个的词,每三位数加一个逗号,第一个逗号前的数为thousand,第二个逗号前的数为million(百万),
第三个逗号前的数为billion(十亿)
2、hundred
/
thousand
/
million
/迹告
billion的用法
数词/several+thousand+名词复数
thousands
of+名词复数
数词+thousand+of
the+名词复数
3、基数词+单数名词+(-adj)→合成词作定语
4、表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示“几十岁”
或年代
5、表示时刻用基数好手词
序数词的用法
1.the+序数词
John
lives
on
the
fifteenth
floor
2.a\an+序数词,表达"再一,又一"
eg.We'll
have
to
do
it
a
second
time.
3.年月日的表达
年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示
4.分数的表达
分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1,分母加-s。
5.序数词也可以用作副词,
When
did
you
first
see
him?
6.基数词也能表示顺序,如书刊的页的数目,住所、房间、教室、电话姿袜明号码等等。
Page
Eight,
Room
304,Class
Seven,
7.倍数表示法
主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+
as
+
adj.
+
as
I
have
three
times
as
many
as
you.
我有你三倍那么多。
8.在…世纪:
in
the
twenty-first
century
❼ 中小学英语语法第六讲:数词
数词分为序数词和基数词两种。
基 数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。
一、基数词
1.基数词1-12为独立的单词,
各 自有其形式: one、two、three、four、five、six,seven eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve
2.基数词13-19都以teen结尾,单词中的两个音节都重读:
thirteen,fourteen,fifteen、sixteen,seventeen、eighteen,nineteen
3.基数词20-90等十位的整数都以ty结尾:
twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety
4.十位数和个位数之间要加“-”(连字符)。如: 65 sixty-five,98 ninety-eight
5.百在英语中是“hundred”;千是“thousand”;万是“ten thou- sand”;十万是“one hundred
thousand”;百万是“million”;千万 是“ten million”十亿是“billion”
注:五百是five hundred,而非 five hundreds; 五千是five thousand,而非 five thousands.
6.百位和十位数之间要加“and”。 如: 258 two hundred and fifty-eight
7.钟点表示法:
5:10 five ten 或ten past five 5:15 five fifeen 或a quarter past five
5:30 five thirty 或 half past five 5:50 five fifty 或ten to six
注:30分钟以前(含30分)介词用 past; 30分钟以后,介词用 to。
8.年份表示法: 1999 nineteen ninety-nine 2000 two thousand(twenty hundred) ·
二、序数词(序数词前通常要加定冠词 the)
1.前三个分别为:first、second,third
2.“第四一第十九”都由相应的基数词加“t”构成。注意有特殊 拼法的 fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth.
3.十位数的序数词是由相应的基数词去掉词尾“y”,加“ieth”构 成.如: twenty(二十)-twentieth(第二十).
4.从第二十一到第九十九,前面是基数词,后面个位用序数词, 中间用“-”.如: 第95 the ninety-fifth,第64 the sixty-fourth.
5.第一百、第一千、第一百万分别在相应的基数词后加“th”: the hundredth,the thousandth,the
millionth.
6.日期表示法:
六月一日 June the first 或 the first of June 注:英语中的日期书写顺序为月日年。
如: She graated on July 5,1999.(她毕业于 1999年7月5日。)