大学英语精读课文怎么讲

1. 大学英语精读第三版第三册unit3课文大意summary，中英文

Unit 3

Text

Every teacher probably asks himself time and again: What are theeasons for
choosing teaching as a career? 也许每位教师都一再问过自己：为什么选择教书作为自己的职业?

Do the rewards teaching outweigh the trying comments? Answering these
questions is not a simple task. Let's see what the author says.
教书得到的回报是否使老师的烦恼显得不值得多谈?回答这些问题并非易事。让纳丛竖我们看看本文的作者说了些什么。

Why I Teach 我为什么当教师

Peter G. Beidler

Why do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I
didn't want to be considered for an administrative position. 你为什么要教书呢?
当我告诉一位朋友我不想谋求行政职务时，他便向我提出这一问题。

He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a "step up" toward
what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
所有美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该追求郑册金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”的工作，他为之大惑不解。

Certainly I don't teach because teaching is easy for me.
当然，我之所以教书不是因为我觉得教书轻松。

Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn
my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. 我做过各种各样的工作，籍ring than usual.
说精神沮丧，这是因为我1小时后走出教室时，确信这堂课上得比平常还要平淡无味。

Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge
I feel compelled to share. 我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我有满腹学问，觉得非与别人分享不可。

Sometimes I am amazed that my students actually take notes on what I say in
class! 有时我感到很惊异，学生竟真的把我课上讲的东西做了笔记!

Why, then, do I teach? 这样说来，我为什么还要教书呢?

洞大I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. June, July, and
August offer an opportunity for reflection, research and writing.
我教书，是因为我喜爱校历的步调。6月、7月和8月提供了一个供思考、研究和创作的机会。

I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. When the material
is the same, I change —— and, more important, my students change.
我教书，是因为教学是建立在“变化”这一基础上的职业。教材还是原来的教材，但我自身却变化了--更重要的是，我的学生变化了。

I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own
lessons, to stimulate myself and my students.
我教书，是因为我喜欢有让自己犯错误的自由，有让自己吸取教训的自由，有激励自己和激励学生的自由。

As a teacher, I'm my own boss. If I want my freshmen to learn to write by
creating their own textbook, who is to say I can't?
作为教师，我可以自行做主。如果我想要求一年级学生通过自行编写课本的办法来学习写作，谁能说我不可以那样做呢?

Such courses may be huge failures, but we can all learn from failures.
这样的课程也许会彻底失败，但我们都可以从失败的尝试中获得教益。 I teach because I like to ask questions that
students must struggle to answer. 我教书，是因为我喜欢向学生提出必须绞尽脑汁才能回答的问题。

The world is full of right answers to bad questions. While teaching, I
sometimes find good questions.
我们这个世界有无穷无尽的正确答案来对付拙劣的问题。何况我在教学过程中有时也会想到一些出色的问题。

I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out
of the ivory tower and into the real world.
我教书，是因为我喜欢想方设法使自己和我的学生从象牙塔里走出来，步入现实世界。 I once taught a course called
"Self-Reliance in a Technological Society." My 15 students read Emerson,
Thoreau, and Huxley. They kept diaries. They wrote term papers.
我曾经开过一门叫做“在工业技术社会里如何自力更生”的课程。我教的15位学生读了爱默生、梭洛和赫胥黎的作品，记了日记，还写了学期论文。

But we also set up a corporation, borrowed money, purchased a run-down
house and practiced self-reliance by renovating it.
但除此而外，我们还办起一个公司，借钱买下一所破旧的房屋，通过对这一建筑物的整修翻新，我们就自力更生这一课题进行了一次实践活动。 At the end of
the semester, we sold the house, repaid our loan, paid our taxes, and
distributed the profits among the group. 在期末我们把房子卖掉，还清贷款，缴了税，余下的收益分给了参加实践的学生。 So
teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep
on learning. 所以说，教学使我的工作进程有了规律，使我的生活变得丰富多彩，教学向我提出了挑战，也给了我不断学习的机会。I have left
out, however, the most important reasons why I teach.
不过，我要教书的最重要的几个原因还没有讲到呢。

One is Vicky. My first doctoral student, Vicky was an energetic student who
labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet.
其中一个原因与维基有关。维基是我的第一个博士生。她精力充沛，孜孜不倦地撰写她那篇论述14世纪一位不知名诗人的学位论文。 She wrote articles
and sent them off to learned journals. She did it all herself, with an
occasional nudge from me. 她写过一些文章，寄给了学术刊物。这一切都由她独立完成，我偶尔从旁略加指点。

But I was there when she finished her dissertation, learned that her
articles were accepted, got a job and won a fellowship to Harvard working on a
book developing ideas she'd first had as my student.
我亲眼看到了她完成论文，看到了她得悉自己的文章被采用，亲眼目睹她找到了工作并获得了在哈佛大学当研究员的职位，著书论述她在做我学生时萌发的思想。

Another reason is George, who started as an engineering student, then
switched to English because he decided he liked people better than things.
另一个原因与乔治有关。他开始学的是工程学，后来他深信自己爱人胜过爱物，所以改学英语。

There is Jeanne, who left college, but was brought back by her classmates
because they wanted her to see the end of the self-reliance house project.
还有珍妮。她中途辍学，但是她的同学把她拉了回来。因为他们想让她看到自力更生整修旧房子这一项目的结果。 I was there when she came
back. I was there when she told me that she later became interested in the urban
poor and went on to become a civil rights lawyer.
我亲眼看到她回来了。我亲耳听到她对我说，她后来对城市贫民产生了兴趣，继而成了捍卫公民权的律师。

There is Jacqui, a cleaning woman who knows more by intuition than most of
us learn by analysis. 还要提一提清洁女工杰基。她凭直觉了解的事情比我们多数人通过分析弄清的东西还要多。

Jacqui has decided to finish high school and go to college.
杰基已经决定读完中学，然后还要上大学。

These are the real reasons I teach, these people who grow and change in
front of me. 这些在我眼前成长、变化的人，便是我要当教师的真正原因。

Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to
breathe. 当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹人体开始呼吸，开始了生命。

A "promotion" out of teaching would give me money and power. But I have
money. “升职了”，不再教书了，也许会给我带来金钱和权力。 I get paid to do what I enjoy: reading, talking
with people, and asking question like, "What is the point of being rich?"
可是我现在也有钱。我拿了薪金去做自己乐意做的事：读书、交谈、提问，比如问：“做个富翁有什么意思呢?”And I have power. I have the
power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What
other power matters? 我现在还有权呢。我有权启迪，有权激发才智，有权开出书目，有权指点迷津。还有其他什么权力更值得考虑呢?

But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love.
但教书还会带来金钱和权力以外的东西：那便是爱。

Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love
that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher's life and
begins to breathe. 不仅是爱学习、爱书本、爱思想，而且还有老师对出类拔萃的学生的爱。这样的学生走进了老师的生活，老师自己也开始成长了。

Perhaps love is the wrong word: magic might be better.
“爱”这个字也许用得不恰当：用“魔力”可能更为贴切。

I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I
occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.
我教书，是因为在与开始成长的学生朝夕相处时，我有时感到自己也和他们一起开始成长了。

And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest
books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters?
我现在还有权呢。我有权启迪，有权激发才智，有权开出书目，有权指点迷津。还有其他什么权力更值得考虑呢? But teaching offers something
besides money and power: it offers love. 但教书还会带来金钱和权力以外的东西：那便是爱。Not only the
love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels
for that rare student who walks into a teacher's life and begins to breathe.
不仅是爱学习、爱书本、爱思想，而且还有老师对出类拔萃的学生的爱。这样的学生走进了老师的生活，老师自己也开始成长了。Perhaps love is the
wrong word: magic might be better. “爱”这个字也许用得不恰当：用“魔力”可能更为贴切。I teach because,
being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself
catching my breath with them. 我教书，是因为在与开始成长的学生朝夕相处时，我有时感到自己也和他们一起开始成长了。

希望对你有用！

2. 大学英语精读第一册第1课内容讲解

大学英语精读第一册第1课内容讲解

导语：《大学英语精读》选材力求题材、体裁多样，内键羡容丰富有稿培拍趣并有定的启发性。下面我分享大学中岩英语精读中的一篇课文及笔记，欢迎参考!

Unit One: How to Improve Your Study Habits

TEXT

Want to know how to improve your grades without having to spend more time studying? Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on...

How to Improve Your Study Habits

Terhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here's how:

1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schele or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn't occupy all of the free time on the schele. It's important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schele may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.

2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject.

3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.

4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.

5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on test.

6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make your knowledge permanent.

There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. Improving your study habits will improve your grades.

NEW WORDS

average

n. ordinary 普通的;中等的

intelligence

n. ability to learn and understand 智力

necessarily

ad. inevitably 必定

case

n. what has really happened; actual condition 实情

additional

a. added 附加的，额外的

n. addition

weekly

a. done or happening every week 每周的;一周一次的`

schele

n. timetable 时间表

chart

n. (sheet of paper with) information written or drawn in the form of a picture 图(表)

commit

vt. 指定...用于

aside

ad. to the side在旁边;到(向)一边

etc

(Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things等等

normal

a. usual正常的

reading

n. the act or practice of reading阅读

assignment

n. sth. given out as a task(布置的)作业

occupy

n. take up占用

relaxation

n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement休息，娱乐

relax

v.

hobby

n. what one likes to do in one's free time业余爱好

entertainment

n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy娱乐

entertain

vt.

solve

vt. find an answer to (a problem)解决(问题)

aware

a. having knowledge or understanding知道的;意识到的

furthermore

ad. moreover; in addition而且;此外

enable

vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.)使(某人)能(做某事)

activity

n. sth. (to be) done 活动

adequate

a. as much as one needs; enough充分的;足够的

distraction

n. sth. that draws away the mind or attention分心(或分散注意力)的事物

concentrate (on or upon)

vi. pay close attention (to)全神贯注(于)

skim

vt. read quickly to get the main ideas (of)略读

preview

vt. have a general view of (sth.) beforehand预习

content

n. what is written in a book, etc.内容

organize

vt. form into a whole组织

later

ad. 后来;以后

skip

vt. pass over略过

portion

n. part; share一部分;一份

double

v. make or become twice as great or as many(使)增加一倍

comprehension

n. the act of understanding or ability to understand理解(力)

mention

vt. speak or write about (sth.) in a few words提及

confused

a. mixed up in one's mind迷惑的，混淆的

confuse

vt.

textbook

n. a standard book for the study of a subject教科书;课本

performance

n. achievement成绩

meaningful

a. having important meaning or value富有意义的

attitude

n. what one thinks about sth.态度，看法

purpose

n. aim目的，意图

excessively

ad. too much过多地，过分地

excessive

a.

permanent

a. lasting for a long time; never changing持久的;永久的

technique

n. way of doing sth.技巧，方法

helpful

a. useful; providing help or wiling to help有益的;给予帮助的，肯帮忙的

PHRASES & EXPRSSIONS

fill in

write in填写，填充

decide on

make a choice or decision about选定，决定

set aside

save for a special purpose留出

as well

also; too; in addition也，还;同样

be aware (of)

know (sth.); know (what is happening)知道，意识到

concentrate on

direct one's attention, efforts, etc. to全神贯注于

look over

examine (quickly)把...看一遍，过目

go over

review 复习

lead to

result in 导致

;

3. 大学英语精读第三册第8课Daydream a Little

大学英语精读第三册第8课Daydream a Little

导语：白日梦是指清醒时的脑内所产生的'幻想及影像，通常是开心的念头、希望或野心。下面是一篇关于白日梦的英语含册正课文，欢迎大家来学习。

Text

Daydreaming has always had reputation, but now scientific research has revealed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.

Daydream a Little

Eugene Raudsepp

"Daydreaming again, Barb? You'll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way! Can'姿清t you find something useful to do?" Many youngsters have heard words like those from their parents. And until recently this hostile attitude towards daydreaming was the most common one. Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered and unhealthy escape from real life and its ties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do.

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest. But then researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers. They learned that sleepers who aren't allowed to dream lost the benefits of rest. They become tense and anxious. They become irritable. They have trouble concentrating. Their mental health is temporarily damaged. To feel well again, they must be allowed to dream.

Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to mental health. Daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have concted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.

谈悔Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, this same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to detail. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to proce improved self-control and creative abilities.

But that's only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Instrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was e to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that "you can imagine your future." Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these notable achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.

Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick believed that the way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out. He offered this advice: "Hold a picture of yourself … in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it. Picture yourself vividly as defeated, and that will make victory impossible. Picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift ……"

The experiences of some athletes seem to confirm this belief. For instance, John Uelses, a former pole-vaulting champion, used daydreaming techniques before each meet. He would imagine himself winning. He would vividly picture himself clearing the bar at a certain height. He would go over all the details in his mind. He would picture the stadium and the crowds. He'd even imagine the smell of the grass and the earth. He said that this exercise of the imagination left memory traces in his mind that would later help his actual performance.

Why would a mental vision of success help proce real success? Dr. Maxwel Maltz, a surgeon and author, say this: "Your nervous system cannot tell the difference between an imagined experience and real experience. In either case it reacts automatically to information that you give it …… It reacts appropriately to what you think or imagine to be true."

He believes that purposeful daydreaming builds new "memories" in the brain. These positive memories improve a person's self-image. And self-image has an important effect on a person's action and accomplishments.

Can you use purposeful daydreaming to shape your own future? Why not try? Here is how those who believe in creative daydreaming recommend going about it. Choose a time when you can be alone and undisturbed. Close your eyes, to permit your imagination to soar more freely. Many people find that they get best results by pretending that they are sitting before a large screen. They project the desired image of themselves onto that screen.

Now picture yourself —— as vividly as possible ——the way you want to be. Remember to picture your desired goals as if you had already attained them. Go over all the details of this picture. See them clearly and sharply. Impress them strongly on your memory. The resulting memory traces will supposedly start affecting your everyday life. They will help lead you to the attainment to your goals.

Of course daydreaming is no substitute for hard work. If it's athletic achievement you want, you also have to get lots of practice in your sport. You have to work hard to develop skills. If it's school success you're after, you can't neglect studying Daydreaming alone can't turn you into your heart's desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of self-development, it might make a critical difference. It could be the difference between becoming merely good at something and becoming a champion.

If what researchers are saying is true, a life lived without fantasies and daydreams isn't as rich and rewarding as life can be. So they suggest setting aside a few minutes each day for daydreaming. By so doing, you may improve your physical and mental well-being. By taking a ten-or fifteen-minute "vacation" into the realm of imagination each day, you may add much to the excitement and enjoyment of your life. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.

New words

hostile

a. unfriendly; belonging to an enemy 敌对的

view

vt. consider, regard

escape

n. & v. 逃跑;逃避

nighttime

a. occurring at night

interfere

vi. get in the way of another 干涉;妨碍

interference n.

researcher

n. advantage, profit, good effect 益处

tense

a. feeling or showing nervous anxiety 紧张的

irritable

a. easily annoyed or made angry

means

n. method or way

psychologist

n. person who has studied or is skilled in psychology 心理学家

contribute

vi. help in bringing about 贡献

growth

n. growing; development

concentration

n. concentrating or being concentrated

span

n. length of time ring which sth. Continuses or works well 一段时间

self-control

n. control of one's own feelings, behavior, etc.

creative

a. having the power to create; inventive

remarkable

a. deserving attention; unusual, out of the ordinary 显著的;非凡的

shape

vt. influence and determine the course or form of 形成，塑造

instrialist

n. one owing an instry or engaged in its management

maintain

vt. state or assert as true; keep up 断言;维持

picture

vt. imagine; make a picture of

inventor

n. a person who makes up or proces sth. new

notable

a. outstanding; worthy of notice 著名的;值得注意的

achiever

n. one who achieves; winner

vividly

ad. in a lively manner 生动地;逼真的

vivid a.

immeasurably

ad. to an extent or degree too great to be measured; beyond measure

driftvi. float or be driven along by wind, waves or currents 漂(流)

athlete

n. person who is trained and skilled in physical exercises and who competes in games that need strength and speed 运动员

pole-vaulting

n. jumping with the help of a long pole held in the hand 撑竿跳

champion

n. person or team taking the first place in competition 冠军

meet

n. (AmE) gathering esp. for competitive sports

clear

vt. get past or over without touching

bar

n. 横竿;杆;条状物

stadium

n. 露天体育场

trace

n. mark showing that sb. or sth. has existed or happened 痕迹

memory trace

chemical change occurring in the brain when new information is absorbed and remembered 记忆痕(脑部吸收或记忆信息时所产生的化学变化)

vision

n. sth. seen in the mind's eye; the power of imagination 想象(力)

automatically

ad. 自动地;无意识地

automatic a.

appropriately

ad. properly, suitably

appropriate a.

purposeful

a. having a conscious purpose

self-image

n. view of oneself 自我形象

accomplishment

n. sth. completely and successfully done 成就

recommend

vt. advise or suggest; speak favorably of 建议;推荐

soar

vi. fly or go up high in the air; rise 翱翔;升腾

screen

n. white surface on which cinema films, TV programs, etc. are sown 银幕;屏幕

project

vt. cause a picture from a film or slide to fall on a surface, etc. 映，投射

goal

n. one's aim or purpose 目标

attain

vt. succeed in arriving at, esp. after effort, reach 获得;达到

attainment

n. the act of attaining; (usu. pl) sth. successfully reached or learnt, esp. a skill

substitute

n. a person or thing acting in place of another 代替者;代用品

athletic

a. having to do with active games and sports; of or concerning athletes

achievement

n. sth. successfully finished or gained 成就

after

prep. in pursuit of; in search of

neglect

vt. pay no attention to; give no or not enough care to 忽视

combination

n. joining or putting together 结合

method

n. way of doing sth.

merely

ad. only; simply

well-being

n. health and happiness; welfare 康乐;安康

vacation

n. time of rest and freedom from work of school; holiday

realm

n. area; kingdom 领域;王国

enjoyment

n. the act or fact of enjoying; pleasure; satisfaction

PHRASES & EXPRESSION

amount to

develop into; be equal to

interfere with

hinder, affect; interrupt 干扰;妨碍

contribute to

help to achieve; give help towards 有助于

get along with

have a friendly relationship with

e to

because of; cause by

come true

happen just as was wished, expected, or dreamt

go about

make a start at; undertake 着手做

PROPER NAMES

Barb

巴勃(女子名，Barbara 的昵称)

Joan T. Freyberg

琼.T.弗赖伯格

Kaiser

凯泽(姓氏)

Florence Nightingale

佛洛伦斯.南丁格尔

Fosdick

福斯迪克(姓氏)

Uelses

尤尔塞斯(姓氏)

Maxwell Maltz

马克斯韦尔.莫尔茨

;

4. 大学英语精读 第三册课文翻译 全部

Unit 1 法律小冲突
一个年轻人发现，在街上漫无目的的闲逛也会带来涉及法律上的麻烦。一种误解导致另一种误解，直到最终他必须在法庭上接受审判…….
法律小冲突
我平生只有一次陷入与法律的冲突。被捕与被带上法庭的整个经过在当时是一种令人极不愉快的经历，但现在这却成为一个好故事的素材。尤其令人恼怒的是我被捕及随后在法庭上受审期间的种种武断情形。
事情发生在十二年前的二月，那是我中学毕业已经几个月了，但是要等到十月份才能上大学，所以当时我仍在家中。
一天上午，我来到离我住地不远的伦敦郊区的里士满，那是我正在找一份临时的工作，一边攒些钱去旅游。由于天体晴朗，有没有什么急事，我便悠然自得的看看窗店橱窗，逛逛公园，有时干脆停下来四处观望。一定是这种显然无所事事的样子使我倒了霉。
事情发生在十一点半左右，当我在当地图书馆谋之未成，刚从那里出来，就看见一个人从马路对面走过来，显然是想跟我说话。我愿意为他是要问我时间。想不到他说他是警察，要逮捕我。开始我还以为这是个玩笑。但紧接着又来了一个穿着警服的警察，这下我无可置疑了。
“为什么抓我？”我问。
“四处游荡，有作案嫌疑，”他说。
“做什么案？”我又问。
“偷东西，” 他说。
“偷什么”我追问。
“牛奶瓶”他说，表情极端严肃。
“噢，”
事情是这样的，这一带经常发生小偷小摸的案件，尤其是从门前台阶上偷走牛奶瓶。
接着，我犯了个大错误，那是我才十九岁，留着一头乱蓬蓬的长发，自以为是六十年代“青年反主流文化”的一员。因此，我想对此表现出一副冷漠，满不在乎的态度，于是用一种很随便的无所谓的腔调说：“你们跟我多久了？”这样一来，我在他们眼里，我是惯于此种情形的，这又使他们确信我是一个彻头彻尾的坏蛋。
几分钟后来了一辆警车。
“坐到后面去，”他们说：“把手放在椅背上，不许乱动。”他俩分别坐在我的左右，这下可不是闹着玩的了。
在警察局，他们审问了我好几个小时。我继续装着老于世故，对此种事习以为常的样子。当他们问我一直在干什么事时，我告诉他们我在找工作。“啊哈”，这下我可看到他们在想，“无业游民”。
最后，我被正式指控，并得到通知下周一到里士满地方法院受审。他们这才让我走。
我本想在法庭上自我辩护，但是父亲一弄清事情原委后，就为我请了一位很不错的律师。就在那个星期一，我们带着各种证人出庭了，这其中包括我的中学英语教师作为我的平行见证人。但法庭没有传唤他作证。对我的“审判”并没有进行到那一步，才开庭十五分钟，法官就驳回了此案。我被无罪释放。可怜的警察毫无胜诉的机会。我的律师甚至成功的使警察承担了诉讼费。
这样， 我没有留下任何犯罪记录。但当时，最令人震惊的是我被无罪释放所明显依赖的证据：我有标准的口音，有受人尊重的中产阶级父母来到法庭，有可靠的证人，还有，很明显我请得起很好的律师。想到这次指控的含混不清的特点，我敢断定，我如果出生在一个不同背景的家庭，并真失了业，则完全可能被判为有罪。当我的律师要求赔偿诉讼费时，他的辩词很显然的紧紧围绕着我“学习成绩优异”这一事实。
与此同时，在法庭外面，曾逮捕我的警察中的一个沮丧的想我的母亲抱怨说，又有一个小伙子要与警察做对了。他以责备的口气对我说：“我们抓你的时候，你本可以帮帮忙的。”
他这话是什么意思？也许是说我因该做出大发雷霆的样子，并说：“喂，你们知道是在和谁说话么？我是品学兼优的高材生。你们怎么敢抓我？”那样的话，他们也许会向我道歉，可能还会脱帽致意，让我扬长而去。
Unit 2 获益匪浅的问题
1、不久前的一个晚上在餐桌旁，我的三个孩子---年龄分别为9岁、6岁、4岁---暂时停止争抢食物，腾出世纪教我认识什么是范式变换、什么是线性思考的局限以及如何重新看待相关的各种因素。
2、事情是这样的：当时我们在玩自己那套只动嘴的“哪个不是同一类？”的芝麻街游戏。本来玩这游戏时，孩子们要看三张画并挑出那张不属同一类的画。我说：“来吧，哪个不是同一类，橘子，西红柿还是草莓？”
3、老大很快就说出了自以为非常得意的答案：“西红柿，因为其他两种是水果。”我承认这是正确答案，尽管有些纯粹主义者坚决认为西红柿是一种水果。对我们这些从小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西红柿的人来说，西红柿永远是蔬菜。我正准备再出一道三种东西为一组的题目时，我4岁的孩子说：“正确答案是草莓，因为另外两种是园的，草莓却不圆。”我怎么能驳斥这种论点呢？
4、接着，我6岁的孩子说：“不属同一类的是橘子，因为另外两种是红色的。”9岁的孩子不想让弟妹占上风，说道：“不是同一类的也可以是橘子，因为其他的两种长在藤上。”
5、老二把这看作对他发出的挑战，“可以是草莓，因为只有草莓会放在冰淇淋上。”
6、毫无疑问，这里正发生着什么事儿。这事儿比争抢食物还乱，比西红柿是水果还是蔬菜重要的多。哥白尼把太阳视为宇宙中心，重新调整了地心说这一长达数世纪的范式，我的孩子们正坐着哥白尼当年做的事。鲁宾 马修斯把他的布朗克斯冰淇淋改名为哈根达斯，在不改变产品的情况下提高了价格，我的孩子们正做着鲁宾 马修斯做过的事。爱德华 詹纳放弃了寻找治疗天花的特效药，从而发现了能预防这一疾病的疫苗，我的孩子们正做着爱德华詹纳做过的事。
7、他不去研究得了天花的患者，而是去研究接触天花却染上此病的人，他发现他们都患了一种类似天花但比较轻微的疾病：牛痘；牛痘使他们得以防止染上致命的天花。
8、他们在重新看待相关的各种因素，他们在重新认识他们的问题。他们重新表述他们的问题。总之，据托马斯 库恩在他们的《科学革命的结构》一书中所言，他们正做着历史上有过重大发现的科学家都曾做过的事：他们在改变就的范式。
9、但假若我们的游戏是学校里做在作业本上的练习，那么没有把西红柿圈出来的孩子全部会 被批为答错。凡没有把问题解读为“哪个不是水果”的孩子都是错的。也许这种情形说明了为什么世界上最杰出的科学家和发明家中有那么多的人读书时是不及格的学生。其中最引人注目的是阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦，他也许是本世纪最有影响的范式改变者。
10、这样说，并不是想对学校评头品足。天知道，发一通议论太容易了。这样说，不过是想提醒大家信息的价值实在是有限的。我提出这一点，是因为我们的社会似乎发展到了这样一个阶段，人人都大声要求得到更多的技术，大声要求即刻享用增多的信息。
11、学生们必须联机。你们家必须用数码与环球信息网连通。企业必须能即时下载大量资料。但是，除非我们改变范式、重新看待相关的各种因素，否则，信息高速公路就不会给我们带来什么结果。
12、无论是现在还是最近，我们都不缺信息。试想我们拥有的信息比四百年前的哥白尼多了多少。但他作出了足以震撼地球的（权作双关语）惊人之举，完全改变了人们对宇宙的看法。他作出此举不是靠发现更多的信息，而是靠用不同的目光来看大家都看到过的信息。爱德华 詹纳不是靠积累信息发明预防药物，而是靠重新表述问题。
13、当我们开始驶入信息高速公路时，我们所需要的不是更多的信息，而是看信息的新方法。我们应该像我的孩子所做的那样，去发现有一个以上的正确答案、有一个以上正确的问题、有一个以上看一堆信息的方法。我们应该记住：当你只有一把锤子时，你往往把每个问题都看作钉子。
Unit 3 我为何教书
你为什么教书呢？当我告诉我的朋友我不想做任何行政职务时，他向我提出了这个问题。他感到大惑不解的是，为什么所有的美国人受到的教育都是长大后追求金钱和权利，而不是想要明明是通往这个目标的一个“阶梯”性的工作
当然，我教书并不是应为教书对我而言很容易。我曾做过多种工作来赚钱谋生，如做机修工，木工，作家，而教书是其中最难的。对我来说教书是一件令人眼睛红肿，掌心出汗，精神沮丧的职业。眼睛红肿是因为无论我备课到多晚从未觉得胸有成竹。掌心出汗是因为在走进教室之前，我总是非常紧张，学生们肯定会发现我原来是个笨蛋。精神沮丧是因为我一个小时后我走出教室时总会觉得这节课比平常更加枯燥无味。
我教书也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或因为我觉得自己有非与人分享不可的知识。又使我感到惊愕不已，因为学生竟真的把我课堂上讲的东西做了笔记。
那么我为什么还要教书呢？
我教书，是因为我喜欢教学日历的节奏。六月，七月，八月提供了思索，研究和写作的机会。
我教书，是因为教书是一种以变化为基础的职业。当教材不变时，我在变-------更重要的是我的学生在变。
我教书，是因为我喜欢自由，我又犯错误的自由，吸取教训的自由，激励自己，激励学生的自由。作为教师，我是自己的老板。如果我让一年级的学生通过自己编写课本的方式学习写作，谁会干涉我呢？这样的课程也许会彻底失败，但我们都可以从失败中学习到很多东西。
我教书，是因为我喜欢问学生一些需要绞尽脑汁才能回答的问题。这个世界充满了拙劣问题的正确答案。而我在教学中，有时也会发现一些不错的问题。
我教书，是因为我喜欢找到一些是我自己和学生们走出象牙塔，步入现实世界的方法。我曾经开过一门叫做“在技术社会里如何自己更生”的课程。我的十五个学生读了爱默生，梭洛和赫胥黎的作品，他们记了日记，并写了学期论文。
但我们也组建了一个公司，借钱买了一座破旧的房子，通过对这座房子的整修翻新，我们实践了自力更生的这一课题。学期末，我们卖掉了房子还清了贷款，交了税，所生的利润大家分了。
所以教书是我的生活节奏分明丰富多彩，也向我提出了挑战，给了我不断学习的机会
不过，我还没讲到我教书最重要的原因呢.
其中一个原因是维基。她是我的第一个博士，是一个精力充沛的学生。他孜孜不倦地撰写了一篇关于一个鲜为人知的十四世纪的诗人的学位论文。他还写过几篇文章，并寄给了学术刊物。她独立完成了这一切，只是偶尔从我这里得到一些启示。我亲眼看到她完成了论文，并得到她的文章已被采用。我还亲眼看到她找到工作，并获得了哈佛大学的研究学员的职位，著书论述在当我的学生时萌发的思想。
另一个原因就是乔治。他本来是我的工程学学生，后来他认定自己的爱人之心胜过爱物之心，就转而学英语了。
还有珍妮，他中途辍学，但是他被同学们拉了回来，因为他们想让她看看自力更生整修的旧房的结果。我请眼看到她回来了，亲耳听到她对我说，她后来对城市贫民产生了兴趣，继而成了一名维护公民权的律师。
还得提一提清洁女工杰基，她凭直觉了解的事情比我们中大多数人通过分析学到的东西还要多。杰基已经决定读完高中后还要上大学。
这些在我眼前成长，变化的人就是我当教师的真正原因。当一名教师意味着亲眼看见泥人开始呼吸这一创造性的成果。
“提升”了，不在教书了，也许会给我带来金钱和权利。但是我有钱，我拿了工资去做我喜欢做的事情： 读书，与人交谈，提出诸如“富有的意义何在?”之类的问题。
我也有权利，我有权给与启示，激发才能，有权开出书目，为人指点迷津。还有比这更重大的权利么？
而教书还可也带来金钱和权利以外的东西，这就是爱。不仅是爱学习，爱读书，爱思想，而且还有老师对走人自己生活，并开始脱引而出的学生的爱。“爱”这个字用在这里也学并不恰当，“魔力”可能更贴切些。
我教书，是因为与开始获得新生的学生在一起，我有时觉得也与他们一起获得了新生。
Unit 4 一位球迷的评论
1 这封电子邮件在某些方面与我收到的其他刻薄的信件相似。它痛斥我对洛杉矶道奇队的评论，并争辩说我把一切全都搞错了。然而，这个评论与其他的评论至少有两个方面不同。
2 与通常那些“你是个白痴”的评论不同的是，这一评论含有更多的细节。它包含了该队比赛表现的关键数据。写这篇评论的人对洛杉矶道奇队的了解绝不亚于我自认为对它的了解。
3 而且这一评论是署名的。作者的名字叫萨拉•莫里斯。
4 我被深深打动，于是给她回信。一点也没有想到这一封信引出了一段非同寻常的来往。
5 我可以问您一个问题吗？两年来，我一直经营着我的道奇队网站。你是怎么成为一个棒球评论专栏作家的？这可是我的梦。
6 这是萨拉的第二封电子邮件，它的到来一点也不意外。我每次对人微笑一下，人家就向我要一份工作。但是另一个事儿引起了我的注意。这就是信的最后一行字里的拼写错误，是关于“我的梦”那一部分。
7 也许萨拉就是一个打字很糟糕的人。但也许她真的是在寻找某个目标，但就是一字之差，还没有找着。
8 这就值得再回她一封信，于是我让她解释。
9 我今年30岁。……因为我身有残疾，花了5年的时间才读完大专拿到文凭。……在棒球赛季，我每个星期平均花55小时写球赛报道，写评论，做研究，听比赛或者看比赛。
10 萨拉称她的网站为“道奇地”。我搜索了一下，什么也没有找着。后来我重读她的电子邮件， 发现在她的电子邮件最底下挂了一个地址
11 我点击该地址。网站并不花哨。但是她以一个作家的严肃态度对该队进行了详细报道。不过，我还是不禁要问，有人读吗？
12 ：从来没有人在我的来宾登记簿上签名。我一个月收到一封信。
13 所以，这里是一个身体残疾的妇女，她对道奇队的报道之广泛不亚于美国任何一个记者， 可她却在为一个几乎不为人知的网站写作，网站的名字很怪很难记，读者大概有两个人。
14 我想她那个梦所缺的远远不只是拼写里头少了一个字母r。
15 我建起了自己的网站希望能找到一份工作。不过运气不佳。因为我使用一根绑在头上的小棒打字，最高的打字速度是每分钟8个字，可这又有什么要紧的呢？我的脑子挺好使，我对工作非常专注。这才是人们成功的关键。
16 使用一根绑在头上的小棒打字？
17 我问她要用多少时间写她那通常为400字的文章。
18 三到四小时。
19 我做了一件我以前从来没有和互联网上的陌生人做过的事情。
20 我让萨拉•莫里斯给我打电话。
21 我说话有障碍，无法使用电话。
22 这就证明了我的怀疑。这显然是一个精心策划的骗局。这一位所谓女性作家很可能是一个45岁的男性管子工。
23 我决定结束与此人的通信。可就在那时我又收到一封电子邮件。
24 我的残疾是脑瘫。……它影响肌肉神经的控制。……当我的脑子告诉我的手去敲击字键时， 我会挪动我的腿，碰击桌子，并在这一过程中同时碰击六个其他的字键。
25 当我的母亲解释我的残疾时，她告诉我说，如果我比别人努力三倍，我就可以成就我要做的任何事情。
26 她写道，她在帕萨迪拉长大的时候成了道奇队的球迷。她上布莱尔高级中学二年级的时候，一位校少年棒球队的教练叫她去做球队的统计员。她做了，用的是一个打字机和一根绑在头上的小棒。
27 她说由于她跟棒球结了缘，她才得以留在学校里，尽管她成绩不好，每天还有数小时的令她脖子酸痛的家庭作业。
28 棒球给了我努力的目标 ……我可以做别的孩子做不了的事情 ……我想为给了我这么多的棒球做一点事情。
29 不错，我就这么相信了她。有几分信吧。在像她所称的那种情况下，有谁能没有最好的设备和帮助而报道一个棒球队呢？我很好奇，所以我问她我能不能开车过去看她。 她同意了，并详细告诉我路怎么走，其中提到乡下的泥路和没有名字的街道。
30 我开车向东驶去，穿过得克萨斯的荒凉地带。在一条蜿蜒曲折布满小动物大小的坑洼的泥路上，我看到了样子像旧工具棚的屋子。
31 但这不是一个工具棚，这是一所房子，一个被高高的杂草和废弃物包围的正在朽烂的小棚屋。
32 是不是这个地方呢？
33 一位身着旧T恤衫和裙子的妇女从棚屋里走了出来。
34 “我是萨拉的母亲，”洛伊•莫里斯一边说一边用她那粗糙的手握着我光滑的手。“她在等你呢。”
35 我从太阳光下走进去，打开一扇破烂的屏门，走进了阴暗的棚子，棚子里蜷缩在轮椅上的是一个87磅重的躯体。
36 她的四肢扭了一扭。她的头转了一转。我们无法拥抱，甚至也无法握手。她只能张大眼睛看我，向我微笑。
37 可她那微笑里充满了光芒！它穿透了由破烂的木地板、旧躺椅和结满蜘蛛网的窗户围起来的黑暗空间。
38 我不忍心看别的任何东西，所以我的眼睛只盯住她那微笑，它是那么清晰，那么自信， 它甚至令我的多数怀疑一扫而光。但我还是要问，这就是莎拉•莫里斯吗？
39 她开始在轮椅里摇晃，嘴里发出声音。我以为她在咳嗽。
40 可实际上，她是在说话。她的母亲为她翻译。“我要给你看点东西。”萨拉说。
41 洛伊把她推到搭在煤灰砖上的一张旧书桌前。桌子上放着一台计算机。计算机旁是一台电视机。她的母亲将一根小棒绑在她女儿的太阳穴上。
42 萨拉趴在计算机上，用绑在她头上的棍子调出道奇地网站上的一篇报道。她开始一啄一啄地在这篇报道上添字加句。
43 她抬起头看我并发出咯咯的笑声。我低头看她，心里充满了惊奇──还有羞愧。
44 这真的就是萨拉•莫里斯。 这个伟大的萨拉•莫里斯。
45 几个月前我与萨拉•莫里斯联系的时候是想跟她干一仗。现在看着她在这个黑暗的房间里吃力地打着字写一篇或许根本没有人看的文章，我明白了这一仗是怎么一回事。
46 不过，这一仗不是跟萨拉打，而是跟自己打。这一仗和体育界在现今玩世不恭的年代里每天都在经历的一模一样。那就是要相信运动员仍然可以是英雄的搏斗。
47 在一个远离这种怀疑的地方，一个心智充满神奇的萨拉•莫里斯帮我找回了信任。
Unit 5 妈妈哭泣的那一天
很久以前一个昏暗的冬日，我放学回家时从满了期望。我胳膊下夹着一期新的我喜欢的体育杂志，房子里将会是就我一个人。爸爸上班，妹妹不在家，妈妈找了份工作，一小时内不会回家。我蹦上台阶，冲进起居室，啪地开了灯。
眼前的景象把我惊呆了：妈妈身子紧缩成一团，脸埋在手里，坐在沙发上的另一端。她在哭。我以前从没有见过她哭，我小心翼翼地走近些，拍拍她的肩膀。“妈？”我说：“怎么了？”她长舒一口气，挤出一丝笑容。“没什么，真的，没什么大不了的，只是我要失去这份新的工作，我打字不够快！”
“但你到那儿才三天，”我说，“你会跟上的。”我再重复妈妈对我说过上百次的一句话。每当我学习上或做一些对我很重要的事情遇到麻烦时，她就这样说。
“不行”她难过地说。“过去我总说我能做到我决心做到的一切事情，现在我仍然认为在多数事情上我能做到，但这次我不行。”
我无能力，不知所措。16岁的我还认为妈妈无所不能。几年前，我们卖掉牧场搬进城时妈妈决定开家日托所。她以前没有受过这方面的训练，但这没有难住她。她参加幼托所函授学习，做练习。六个月后正式获得了幼托所看护资格，不久托儿所就招生满额，而且还有孩子等着入托，我认为妈妈理所当然有能力做到这个。
但是日托所和父母后来买的汽车旅馆都不能提供足够的钱供妹妹和我上大学。两年后我该上大学了，再过三年妹妹也要上学了。时间不多了，妈妈拼命想挣钱。很清楚，爸爸已经尽了最大努力---------出了一份全日工作外，还种着80英亩地。
在卖掉汽车旅馆的几个月后，妈妈带了一台旧打字机回家，这台打字机有时要跳字，键盘也很松。那天晚饭时，我说这台机器就是“废品一件”
“我们只能买得起这个”妈妈说，“用着联系够了”从那天起，饭桌一收拾干净，碟子洗完，妈妈就钻进她的缝纫间练习，有几晚那缓慢的嗒，嗒，嗒的声音一直持续到午夜。
就快圣诞了，我听到妈妈在广播站找到了份工作，我一点也不吃惊，也没怎么当回事。但她非常高兴。
星期一，她第一天下班回来，我就发现她不再激动，她看上去很困，脸绷着，我没理会她。
星期二，爸爸做了晚饭，收拾了厨房，妈妈呆在她的缝纫间练习。“妈妈没事吧？”我问爸爸。
“她打字遇到了些麻烦，”他说“她需要练习，我想如果我们多帮她一点，她会感激的。”
“我已经做了很多了，”我说，我立刻戒备了起来。
“我知道，”爸爸平静地说：“但你可以做得更多。你可得记着她工作主要是为了你们能上大学。”
说实话，我并不在乎能不能上大学，我希望她能忘了这码事。
星期三，当我发现妈妈哭泣时的惊讶和窘迫，完全证明我多么不理解她所承受的压力。挨着他坐在沙发上时，我开始慢慢的理解了.
“我想我们有时都难免有失败，”妈妈静静的说，我能体会到她的痛苦，也能体会到她为了我的闯入打断的强烈情感的发泄所感到的紧张。突然，我的心被打动了，我伸出胳膊，搂住了她。
妈妈再也控制不住了，她把脸枕在我的肩上，抽泣起来，我抱紧了她，不想说话。我知道我正做我应该做的，我能做的，这就够了。在那一刻，感觉到妈妈的北由于激动在颤抖，我第一次领会到她的脆弱，她还是我妈妈，但又不仅如此：她还是一个像我一样的人，会害怕，会受伤，会失败。我能感到她的痛苦，就像上千次我在她的怀里寻找安慰时他能感受到我一样。
一周后，妈妈找了份卖纺织品的工作，挣的钱只有广播站一半多。“这份工作我做的来，“她简单地说道，但夜晚在那台老旧的绿色打字机上的练习还在继续。现在，当我晚上走过她的房间，听到她打字的声音，我有一种完全不同的心情。我知道那儿不仅仅是一个女人在练习打字。
两年后我离家上大学时，妈妈有了一份报酬更多，责任更大的工作。我不能不认为以某种奇特的方式，妈妈从她失败的那刻学到的东西和我一样多，因为几年后，当我上完学，自豪的接受了一份报纸的记者工作时，妈妈已经是我们镇报的记者6个月了。
现在，那太没修的老掉牙的绿打字机就在我的办公室，她是一个纪念品，但它所唤起的记忆对我和对妈妈是不怎么一样的。当我写文章遇到困难想要放弃时，或者当我自怜自悯认为生活不应该为难我时，我就往那破旧的打字机里卷进一张纸，想妈妈当年一样，一字一字费力地打起来。这是我想到的不是她的失败，而是她的勇气，继续前进的勇气。
这台打字机是我得到过的最好的纪念品。
因字数限制，剩下几课不能输入了！

5. 大学英语精读1unit1课文翻译是什么

1) 史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。

Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.

2) 我坚信，阅读简写的 (simplified) 英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。

I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.

3) 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染 (pollution) 方面还做得不够。

I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.

4) 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。

In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read ring the summer vacation.

5) 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。

We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester.

6) 经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。

Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.

7) 如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。

If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail.

8) 那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。

The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.

大学英语精读Unit2 翻译

1) 幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。

Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once.

2) 胜利登上乔治岛 (George Island) 后，船长向指挥部 (the headquarters) 发了一份无线电报。

After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to the headquarters.

3) 他决心继续他的实验，不过这一次他将用另一种方法来做。

He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he'll do it another way.

4) 她在读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。

When she read the novel, she couldn't help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside.

5) 玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。

Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself.

6) 我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。

We didn't think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it.

7) 甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。

Even after his doctor told him he had lung cancer, Chichester would not give up his old dream of sailing round the world.

8) 我正忙着做一种新的捕鼠 (rats) 装置时，马克走来拖着我出去看花展了。

I was busy making a new device for catching rats when Mark came and dragged me out to a flower show.

6. 大学英语精读该怎么学

以下是几点英语学习方法的总结（希望可以帮到您）
一、 读
每天都应坚持读。
1、 朗读：一般文章读2~3遍，带着理解去读，而不只是为读而读。
2、 背诵：好的文章应背熟，以记住好词好句，同时培养自己的语感。
3、 速读：文章第一遍用最快的速度读完，以提高阅读速度和理解能力，并逐渐培养不翻译直接理解英文的能力。
4、 精读：文章第二遍应精读，以达到对文章的准确理解，并熟悉语法结构，加深单词记忆。也可选择部分文章速读，对于较好的文章精读。
5、 泛读：每天看1小时左右的英文报纸，在有兴趣的基础上阅读能力会有很大提高。遇到不会的单词在不影响文章理解的情况下可以略过去，从而提高自己的阅读速度。如果想记忆单词，则可查词典，多次查阅记忆便能记住单词。（坚持一两个月就会有明显效果）
二、 听
1、 从最初级的听力入手，听懂每个单词、每句话、每段话及每篇文章。逐步增加难度。每天至少半小时。
2、 跟读英语，一方面加强听力，一方面训练口语，同时还能培养语感。注意发音的准确性。
三、 写
1、 每两天写一篇英文日记或作文。
2、 用英语写信或E-mail。
3、 注意语法的应用和词汇的记忆。
四、 语法
1、 从基础到高级，掌握每一个语法点，并作详细笔记。笔记所记的都是自己所会的，直到把所有语法细节都掌握。
2、 对于不熟悉的语法知识点应反复复习运用，直到掌握为止。
五、 词汇
1、 每天记忆100~150新单词，并复习前一天的旧单词。对于生疏的旧单词，可记录下来，安排适当时间记忆。
2、 所有单词记忆完一遍之后紧接着再记一遍，三四遍并不为多。重复是记忆单词的最好方法，也是很多记忆的根本方法。
3、 结合例句记忆单词，效果最佳。记忆单词应注意力集中，
六、 练习
1、 大量的练习可以巩固所学知识。
2、 通过练习可以提高阅读理解能力，增加词汇量，加强对语法的掌握。

7. 大学英语精读第三册第二课内容讲解

大学英语精读第三册第二课内容讲解

导语：大学英语精读是不少大学选用的英语教材，下面是一篇大学英语精读当中的'英语课文，欢迎学习。

Text

Aunt Bettie is faced with a difficult decision. A wounded Union soldier is found hiding in a farmhouse near her home. She has to decide whether to help him or let him be captured. What will she choose to do?

The Woman Who Would Not Tell

Janice Keyser Lester

"I never did hate the Yankees. All that hated was the war.……"

That's how my great-aunt Bettie began her story. I heard it many times as a child, whenever my family visited Aunt Bettie in the old house in Berryville, Virginia. Aunt Bettie was almost 80 years old then. But I could picture her as she was in the story she told me —— barely 20, pretty, with bright blue eyes.

Bettie Van Metre had good reason to hate the Civil War. One of her brother was killed at Gettysburg, another taken prisoner. Then her young husband, James, a Confederate officer, was captured and sent to an unknown prison camp somewhere.

One hot day in late September Dick Runner, a former slave, came to Bettie with a strange report. He had been checking a farmhouse half a mile away from the Van Metre home, a farmhouse he thought was empty. But inside, he heard low groans. Following them to the attic, he found a wounded Union soldier, with a rifle at his side.

When Aunt Bettie told me about her first sight of the bearded man in the stained blue uniform, she always used the same words. "It was like walking into a nightmare: those awful bandages, that dreadful smell. That's what war is really like, child: no bugles and banners. Just pain and filth, futility and death."

To Bettie Van Metre this man was not an enemy but rather a suffering human being. She gave him water and tried to clean his terrible wounds. Then she went out into the cool air and leaned against the house, trying not to be sick as she thought of what she had seen —— that smashed right hand, that missing left leg.

The man's papers Bettie found in the attic established his identity: Lt. Henry Bedell, Company D, 11th Vermont Volunteers, 30 year old. She knew that she should report the presence of this Union officer to the Confederate army. But she also knew that she would not do it. This is how she explained it to me: "I kept wondering if he had a wife somewhere, waiting, and hoping, and not knowing —— just as I was. It seemed to me that the only thing that mattered was to get her husband back to her."

Slowly, patiently, skillfully, James Van Metre's wife fanned the spark of life that flickered in Henry Bedell. Of drugs or medicines she had almost none. And she was not willing to take any from the few supplies at the Confederate hospital. But she did the best she could with what she had.

As his strength returned, Bedell told Bettie about his wife and children in Westfield, Vermont. And BedelL listened as she told him about her brothers and about James. "I knew his wife must be praying for him," Aunt Bettie would say to me, "just as I was praying for James. It was strange how close I felt to her."

The October nights in the valley grew cold. The infection in Bedell's wounds flared up. With Dick and his wife, Jennie, helping, she moved the Union officer at night, to a bed in a hidden loft above the warm kitchen of her own home.

But the next day, Bedell had a high fever. Knowing that she must get help or he would die, she went to her long-time friend and family doctor. Graham Osborne.

Dr. Osborne examined Bedell, then shook his head. There was little hope, he said, unless proper medicine could be found.

"All right, then," Bettie said. "I'll get it from the Yankees at Harpers Ferry."

The doctor told her she was mad. The Union headquarters were almost 20 miles away. Even if she reached them, the Yankees would never believe her story.

"I'll take proof," Bettie said. She went to the loft and came back with a blood-stained paper bearing the official War Department seal. "This is a record of his last promotion," she said. "When I show it, they'll have to believe me."

She made the doctor writer out list of the medical items he needed. Early the next morning she set off.

For five hours she drove, stopping only to rest her horse. The sun was almost down when she finally stood before the commanding officer at Harpers Ferry.

Gen. John D. Stevenson listened, but did not believe her. "Madam," he said, "Bedell's death was reported to us."

"He's alive," Bettie insisted. "But he won't be much longer unless he has the medicines on that list."

"Well," the general said finally, "I'm not going to risk the lives of a patrol just to find out." He turned to a junior officer. "See that Mrs. Van Metre gets the supplies." He brushed aside Bettie's thanks. "You're a brave woman," he said, "whether you're telling the truth or not."

With the medicines that Bettie carried to Berryville, Dr. Osborne brought Bedell through the crisis. Ten days later Bedell was hobbling on a pair of crutches that Dick had made for him. "I can't go on putting you in danger," Bedell told Bettie. "I'm strong enough to travel now. I'd lie to go back as soon as possible."

So it was arranged that Mr. Sam, one of Bettie's neighbors and friends, should go and help Bettie deliver Bedeel to Union headquarters at Harpers Ferry in his wagon.

They hitched Bettie's mare alongside Mr. Sam's mule. Bedell lay down in an old box filled with hay, his rifle and crutches beside him.

It was a long, slow journey that almost ended in disaster. Only an hour from the Union lines, two horsemen suddenly appeared. One pointed a pistol, demanding money while the other pulled Mr. Sam from the wagon. Shocked, Bettie sat still. Then a rifle shot cracked out, and the man with the pistol fell to the ground dead. A second shot, and the man went sprawling. It was Bedell shooting! Bettie watched him lower the rifle and brush the hay out of his hair. "Come on, Mr. Sam," he said. "Let's keep moving."

At Harpers Ferry, the soldiers stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. They were even more amazed when the Union officer with the missing leg rose from his hay-filled box.

Bedell was sent to Washington. There he told his story to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. Stanton wrote a letter of thanks to Bettie and-signed an order to free James Van Metre from prison. But first James had to be found. It was arranged for Bedell to go with Bettie as she searched for her husband.

Records showed that a James Van Metre had been sent to a prison camp in Ohio. But when the ragged prisoners were paraded before Bettie, James was not there. A second prison was checked, with the same result. Bettie Van Metre fought back a chilling fear that her husband was dead.

Then at Fort Delaware, near the end of the line of prisoners a tall man stepped out and stumbled into Bettie's arms. Bettie held him, tears streaming down her face. And Henry Bedell, standing by on his crutches, wept, too.

NEW WORDS

tell

v. act as an informer 告发

Yankee

n. (in the Civil War) a native of any of the northern states; a citizen of the U.S. 北方佬;美国佬

great-aunt

n. an aunt of one's father or mother; sister of one's grandfather or grandmother

civil

a. 国内的; 民间的

Confederate

a. of or belonging to the Confederacy 南部邦联的

capture

vt. make a prisoner of; seize 俘虏;夺得

unknown

a. whose name, nature, or origin is not known

former

a. of an earlier period 以前的

farmhouse

n. the main house on a farm, where a farmer lives

groan

n. a sound made in a deep voice that expresses suffering, grief or disapproval 呻吟(声)

attic

n. the space just under the roof of a house, esp. that made into a low small room 阁楼

Union, the

n. those states that supported the Federal government of the U.S. ring the Civil War; the U.S.A. (美国南北战争期间的)联邦政府;美国

a. of or having to do with the Union

rifle

n. 步枪

awful

a. terrible; very bad

bandage

n. a narrow long piece of material, esp. cloth, for binding a wound or injury 绷带

dreadful

a. very unpleasant or shocking; terrible

bugle

n. a musical wind instrument usually made of brass, used chiefly for military signals 军号，喇叭

filth

n. disgusting dirt 污秽

futility

n. uselessness

futile a.

lean

vi. support or rest oneself in a bent position 靠，倚

establish

vt. find out or make certain of (a fact, answer, etc.), prove 确立，证实

identity

n. who or what a particular person or thing is 身份

identical

a. 同一的;完全相同的确良

Lt.

abbr. lieutenant 陆军中尉

company

n. 连

volunteer

n. person who joins the army, navy, or air force of his own free will 志愿兵

presence

n. being present in a place

skillfully

ad. in a skillful manner 灵巧地，娴熟地

skillful

a. having or showing skill

fan

vt. 扇，扇动;激起

spark

n. 火花

flicker

vi. burn unsteadily; shine with an unsteady light

drug

n. a medicine or substance used for medical purposes

supply

n. (pl.) the food, equipment, etc. necessary for an army, expedition or the like 补给品

pray

vi. 祈祷

valley

n. a stretch of land between hills or mountains; the land through which a stated river or great river system flows 山谷;流域

infection

n. 感染;传染

infect vt.

flare

vi. burn with a bright, unsteady flame (火焰)闪耀

loft

n. a room under the roof of a building, attic 阁楼

ferry

n. 渡口;渡船

headquarters

n. (used with a sing. or pl. v. ) the place from which the chief of a police force or the commanding officer of an army sends out orders 司令部

proof

n. evidence showing that sth. is true 证据

bear

vt. show; have

seal

n. 印，图章

item

n. a single thing among a set, esp. included in a list 条;项

commanding

a. having command; in charge

commanding officer

指挥官

command

vt. 指挥

Gen.

abbr. general 将军

madam

n. respectful form of address to a woman (whether married or unmarried)夫人，太太，女士，小姐

risk

vt. endanger; take the chance of

patrol

n. a small group of soldiers, vehicles, etc. sent out to search for the enemy, or to protect a place from the enemy 巡逻队

junior

a. younger or lower in rank than another

hobble

vi. walk awkwardly; limp 跛行;蹒跚

crutch

n. support used under the arm to help a lame person to walk 拐杖

wagon

n. four-wheeled vehicle for carrying goods, pulled by horses or oxen 四轮运货马(牛)车

hitch

vt. fasten with a hook, ring, rope, etc. 钩住，拴住，套住

mare

n. female horse or donkey

alongside

prep. close to; along the side of

mule

n. an animal that has a donkey and a horse as parents 骡

disaster

n. a great or sudden misfortune; terrible accident

line

n. a row of defence works, esp. that nearest the enemy 战线，防线

horseman

n. a person who rides a horse, esp. one who is skilled

pistol

crack

v. (cause to) make a sudden explosive sound (使)发出爆裂声

sprawl

vi. lie or sit with hands and feet spread out, esp. ungracefully

lower

vt. move or let down in height 放下;放低

secretary

vt. an official who takes charge of a governmental department; an employee in an office, who is in charge of correspondence, records, making appointments, etc. 部长，大臣;秘书

ragged

a. (of a person ) dressed in old torn clothes; (of clothes) old an torn 衣衫褴褛的;破旧的

parade

vt. cause to walk in an informal procession for the purpose of being looked at; cause to march in procession 使列队行进

n. 游行;检阅

chill

v. (cause to) have a feeling of cold as from fear; (cause to ) become cold, esp. without freezing (使)感到冷;(使)冷

fort

n. 要塞，堡垒

stumble

vi. walk or move in an unsteady way; strike the foot against sth. and almost fall

stream

vi. flow fast and strongly; pour out

PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

take prisoner

capture and hold as a prisoner, esp. as a prisoner of war 俘虏

flare up

break out or intensify suddenly or violently; burst into bright flame or rage 突发;加剧;突然发光;突然发怒

write out

write in full, write (sth. formal)

brush aside

disregard, ignore 不理;漠视

bring through

save (sb.) from (an illness, etc.)

PROPER NAMES

Berryville

贝里维尔(美国地名)

Virginia

弗吉尼亚(美国州名)

Bettie Van Metre

贝蒂.范.米特

the Civil War

(美国)南北战争

Gettysburg

葛底斯堡(美国城市)

Dick Runner

迪克.朗纳

Henry Bedell

亨利.贝德尔

Vermont

佛蒙特(美国州名)

Westfield

韦斯菲尔德(美国地名)

Jennie

詹妮(女子名)

Graham Osborne 格雷厄姆.奥斯本

Harpers Ferry

哈珀斯渡口(美国地名)

Stevenson

史蒂文森(姓氏)

Secretary of War(old use)

(美国)陆军部长

Edwin M. Stanton

埃德温.M.斯坦顿

Ohio

俄亥俄(美国州名)

Fort Delaware

特拉华堡(美国地名)

;

8. 大学英语精读第二册第7课内容介绍

大学英语精读第二册第7课内容介绍

导语：运气是指某种事件发生的概率微小、随机性强、无法计算且不可竖坦控制的情况下，事件结果产生后恰好与某人的猜想或个人情况决定一致，并且在现实中发生一般为不可思议或完全不可能余贺桐存在的背景下发生的事件。下面是一篇关于运气的'英语课文，欢迎大家来学习。

TEXT

In this article the author describes what happened to her one night and what happened to her one night and her feelings about it.

拍裂There's Only Luck

My mind went numb when I saw the gun pointing against the car window as we pulled out of the garage: This can't be happening to me. Then I felt the gun, cold, against my head, and I heard my friend Jeremy saying, "What do you want? Take my wallet," but at the time I thought of nothing.

I remember being vaguely annoyed when the gunman pulled me from the car by the hair. I remember the walk to the house - Jeremy, me, the two men with two guns. I remember the fear and anger in the gunmen's voices because Jeremy was being slow, and I remember wondering why he waas being slow. I did not realize that Jeremy had thrown the keys into the shrubbery. But I remember that sound of the gun hitting Jeremy's head and the feeling as the man who had hold of my hair released me. And I remember the split second when I realized he was looking at Jeremy, and I remember wondering how far I could run before he pulled the trigger. But I was already running, and upon reaching the car across the street, I didn't crouch behind it but screamed instead.

I remember thinking there was something absurdly melodramatic about screaming "Help, help!" at eight o'clock on a Tuesday evening in December and changing my plea to the more specific "Help, let me in, please let me in!" But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly, and I ran on until I heard Jeremy's screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled.

The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats and helped Jeremy find his glasses and keys. In a group they were very brave. We waited for the cops to come until someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold, and I said politely, "Please go and eat. We're O.K."

I was happy to see them go. They had been talking of stiffer sentences for criminals, of bringing back the death penalty and how the President is going to clean up the country. I was thinking, they could be saying all of this over my dead body, and I still feel that stiffer sentences wouldn't change a thing. In a rush all the rage I should have felt for my attackers was directed against these contented people standing in front of their warm, cozy homes talking about all the guns they were going to buy. What good would guns have been to Jeremy and me?

People all over the neighborhood had called to report our screams, and the police turned out in force twenty minutes later. They were ill-tempered about what was, to them, much ado about nothing. After all, Jeremy was hardly hurt, and we were hopeless when it came to identification. "Typical," said one cop when we couldn't even agree on how tall the men were. Both of us were able to describe the guns in horrifying detail, but the two policemen who stayed to make the report didn't think that would be much help.

The cops were matter-of-fact about the whole thing. The thin one said, "That was a stupid thing to do, throwing away the keys. When a man has a gun against your head you do what you're told." Jeremy looked properly sheepish.

Then the fat cop same up and the thin one went to look around the outside of the house. "That was the best thing you could have done, throwing away the keys," he said. "If you had gone into the house with them…" His voice trailed off. "They would have hurt her" - he jerked his head toward me - "and killed you both." Jeremy looked happier. "Look," said the fat cop kindly, "there's no right of wrong in the situation. There's just luck."

All that sleepless night I replayed the moment those black gloves came up to the car window. How long did the whole thing last? Three minutes, five, eight? No matter how many hours of my life I may spend reliving it, I know there is no way to prepare for the next time - no intelligent response to a gun. The fat cop was right: There's only luck. The next time I might end up dead.

And I'm sure there will be a next time. It can happen anywhere, anytime, to anyone. Security is an illusion; there is no safety in locks or in guns. Guns make some people feel safe and some people feel strong, but they're fooling themselves.

NEW WORDS

numb

n. having lost the power of feeling or moving 失去感觉的，麻木的

garage

n. building in which a car is kept 汽车库

wallet

n. leather pocket-case for paper money, cards, etc. 皮夹

vaguely

ad. not clearly 模糊地

vague

a.

annoy

vt. make rather angry 使恼怒

gunman

n. a man armed with a gun, esp. a criminal or terrorist 持枪歹徒

shrubbery

n. low bushes forming a mass or group 灌木丛

release

vt. set free 松开;释放

split

vt. divide into parts 劈开

split second

very brief moment of time; instant 瞬间，一刹那

trigger

n. 扳机

crouch

vi. lower the body to the ground 蹲伏

absurdly

ad. foolishly; ridiculously 愚蠢地，荒唐可笑地

absurd

a.

melodramatic

a. exciting in effect, often too much so to be thought real 感情夸张;闹剧式的

plea

n. asking for sth. with strong feelings 恳求

specific

a. definite; not general 明确的;具体的

flee

v. run away (from) 逃走;逃离

baseball

n. 棒球(运动)

bat

n. 球棒，球拍

cop

n. (informal) policeman

noodle

n. (usu. pl.) 面条

stiff

a. severe 严厉

criminal

n. someone who has broken the law 罪犯

penalty

n. punishment 惩罚

rage

n. great anger 狂怒

contented

a. satisfied; happy 满足的

cozy

a. warm and comfortable 暖和舒适的

ill-tempered

a. (often) angry or annoyed 脾气坏的;易怒的

ado

n. trouble and excitement 忙乱

hopeless

a. giving no cause for hope; very bad or unskilled 没有希望的;无能的

identification

n. 鉴别

identify

vt.

horrify

vt. frighten; shock very much 使恐怖;使震惊

detail

n. small, particular fact 细节

matter-of-fact

a. concerned with the facts; practical 注重事实的;讲究实际的

sheepish

a. foolish or embarrassed by awareness of a fault 局促不安的

trail

vi. grow graally weaker, dimmer, etc.

jerk

vt. pull or lift suddenly 猛拉;猛抬

replay

vt. play (match, recording, etc.) over again 重放

glove

n. 手套

last

vi. go on

relive

vt. experience again, esp. in the imagination

intelligent

a. clever; rational 聪明的;明智的

response

n. action done in answer; answer 反应;回答

respond

vi.

security

n. safety, freedom from danger or fear 安全，平安

secure

a.

illusion

n. false perception; (the seeing of) sth. that does not really exist 错觉;幻觉

PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

pull out (of)

move out (of) (车，船等)驶出

have (get, catch) hold of

抓住

bring back

restore, reintroce 恢复

clean up

clean thoroughly and remove anything unwanted 彻底打扫;整肃

turn out

appear; come or go out to see or do sth. 出来，出动

in force

in large numbers 大批地，人数众多地

much ado about nothing

a lot of unnecessary explaining, of excitement about things not serious or unimportant 无事生非;小题大作

come to

reach (a particular point) in explaining, etc. 谈到(某一点)

agree on

have the same opinion on

in detail

giving a lot of facts 详细地

trail off

(voice, etc.) become graally weaker and fade into silence (声音等)逐渐变弱

no way

不可能

prepare for

get ready for

and up 结束，告终

PROPER NAMES

Ruth Reichl

露丝.赖克尔

Jeremy

杰里米(男子名)

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9. 大学大一英语精读上册第六单元第11段课文分析

大学英语精读1 Unit6 课文分析
New words and phrases
1. happen to: chance; take place
¨ 你是怎么成为导游的？How did you happen to be a tourist guide?
¨ I happened to be out when she called.
2. neat: adj.
1) clean and tidy, orderly
¨ Zola always keeps her kitchen neat and tidy.
2) economical with time and effort; skilful; efficient
¨ In the end we found a very neat solution to the problem.
CF: neat, tidy, & orderly
这些形容词均含“整齐的，整洁的”之意。
neat 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐。
¨ His clothes were always neat and clean. 他穿的衣服总是又整洁又干净。
tidy 强调整齐，井然有序。
¨ Andrew’s apartment is always so tidy. 安德鲁的房间总是整整齐齐的。
orderly 语义比上述几个词强，最常用。指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联系安排整齐，强调井井有条。
¨ She needs to organize her ideas in a more orderly way. 她需要以更有条理的方法组织自己的思想。
3. efficiency expert: a very efficient person
NB: 本词组是一个“名词+名词”的名词定语结构。在这种结构中，两个名词无所属关系；并且第一个名词通常起相当于逻辑宾语作用，而主体名词通常起相当于逻辑主语的作用。例如：a book case (= a case that holds books)。本课中，作者用了很多这种结构，例如：kitchen utensils，shirt factory，quality control，work flow，assembly line，machine operators，background music，coffee break，math class等。

4. foundation: n. basis
¨ The earthquake shook the foundations of the house.
¨ 工人们正在给房子打地基。The workers are building the foundation of a house.
Collocation:
be without foundation (or have no foundation) 毫无根据
lay the foundations of 为…奠定基础
shake/rock the foundations of sth. 动摇…的基础
(or shake/rock sth. to its foundations)
CF: foundation, basis, base, & ground
这些名词均含有“基础”之意。
foundation 用于具体意义时，指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。
base 指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。
basis 主要用作抽象或引申意义。
ground 含义与basis和foundation接近。一般指某种决定、论点或关系的基础，也可指某种原因的基础。
1). The basis of his opinion is something he read in the paper.
2). The earthquake shook the foundations of the house.
3). Then I went to work at the Alameda naval air base , as a machinist's helper.
4). The grounds for his decision were never clearly stated.
5. come in : have or find a place; have a part to play
¨ 她在一百米赛跑中获第二。She came in second in the hundred-meter dash.
6. look around/round: walk round a place and examine it; examine the state of affairs
¨ 他到处跑，要找一个出租房。He looked around for a house to rent
7. be amazed at / by: be greatly surprised at / by
¨ 她对你告诉她的事感到吃惊。She is amazed by what you have told her.
8. whatsoever:
¨ Whatsoever she does is ridiculous.
adv. at all
¨ 我没有任何理由怀疑他说的一切。I have no reason whatsoever to doubt what he says.
9. inspect: vt. examine
¨ 海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照。The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously.
CF: inspect, examine & investigate
这些动词都有“调查、检查”之意。
inspect 侧重按一定质量标准检查某物，找出不足或不同之处。
examine 最普通用词，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔细观察或调查以确定事物的性质、功能、特点等。
investigate 指为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况而进行深入细致的现场考察。
1). The study investigates the impact of violent TV programming on children.
2). I got out of the car to inspect the damage.
3). The research examined the effects of alcohol on long-term memory.
4). She held the bank note up to the light and inspected it carefully.
10. miss: v.
1) lack
¨ 我们小队少一个向导。Our team is missing a guard.
2) fail to see, hit, hold, catch, reach, etc.
¨ 子弹差一点打中她的心脏。The bullet narrowly missed her heart.
3) regret that a person or thing is not present
¨ 在她离开时，我真的很想念她。I really missed her when she went away.
11. except for: apart from; with the exception of
¨ 除了看门人以外，那房子空荡荡的。The house is deserted, except for the keeper.
CF: except, except for & besides
这些前置词或短语均含“除…之外”之意。
except 侧重于排除在外，从整体里减去。
except for 多用于说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定，还引出相反的原因或细节，从而部分地修正前面的主要意思，含惋惜意味。
besides 指在总体之外另加部分或个体，“除…外，还有…”。
1). Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball?
2). She felt fine except for being a little tired.
3). People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.
4). I finished all the questions except the second one.
5). Except for one or two cars, the street was empty.
12. relieve: v. make less or easier
这一针能止痛。The injection can relieve the pain.
¨ 医生的解释解除了我的担心。The doctor’s explanation relieved me of my fears.
13. boring: adj. ll, uninteresting
¨ 那堂课很单调沉闷，学生们都无精打采。The lesson was boring and the students were bored by it.
14. ll: adj.
1) boring
¨ 会议开得死气沉沉的。The conference was deadly ll.
2) not bright or clear
¨ Jane’s hair was a ll, darkish brown.
3) slow in understanding; stupid
¨ If you don’t understand then you’re ller than I thought.
CF: ll, boring & tedious
这几个词都是形容词，都有“令人厌烦的”、“生厌的”之意。
ll 指因呆板，缺乏趣味性而令人感到厌烦，其内涵是千篇一律，无吸引力，死气沉沉。
¨ The weekly meeting tends to be deadly ll.每周一次的例会往往是很乏味的。
boring 概念最广泛，尤其指引人厌倦，枯燥无聊的谈话、文章，也指令人生厌的人。
¨ He really is one of the most boring people I've ever met.他真是个我从未遇见过的最令人讨厌的人。
tedious 指因对某人或某事的描写太长太多而乏味，也指因反复做某事而乏味。强调因沉闷而引起的生理上的不适。
¨ We had to sit through several tedious speeches.我们只得坐在那里听几个乏味的讲演。
15. absent-minded: adj. not attentive, paying little attention to what one is doing; forgetful
¨ 这个心不在焉的男孩老是丢书。The absent-minded boy is always losing his books.
16. hold up: delay or cause to stop
¨ 由于交通事故，交通被迫中断了几个小时。Traffic was held up for several hours by the accident.
17. fire: v.
1) dismiss sb. from his / her job, sack (infml.)
¨ 萨姆因工作效率低而被资方解雇。Sam was fired by the management for his inefficiency.
2) discharge a gun; shoot
¨ 警察发射橡皮子弹以驱散人群。Policemen fired rubber bullets to disperse crowds.
CF: fire, dismiss & discharge
这些动词都有“解雇，开除”之意。
fire 口语用词，多指被断然地突然解雇，其行动犹如开枪一样干净利落。
dismiss 正式用词，是这组词中语气最轻的一个词，一般只有从上文才能看出解雇的原因或理由。
discharge 语气较重，指有理由的解雇，含不再复用的意味。
1). Bryant was unfairly dismissed from his post.
2). She was fired after she was caught stealing from her employer.
3). Several of the recruits（新兵）were discharged from the Army e to medical problems.
18. major:
adj. greater or more important
¨ 在世界上大多数城市里，繁忙的交通是个大问题。Heavy traffic is a major problem in most cities all over the world.
n. specialty or a student specializing in a certain field of study
¨ 在大学里，她是英语专业的学生。She is an English major at college.
19. achieve: vt. get sth. by efforts; finish sth. successfully
¨ 我仅完成了我希望做到的一半。I’ve achieved only half of what I’d hoped to do.

20. management: n.
1) the people in charge of a factory or business
¨ 该公司正由新的管理人员领导。The business is under new management.
2) the act of managing a business
¨ 许多小公司的失败是经营不善所致。The failure of many small businesses is caused by bad management.
21. proctive: adj. procing well or much
¨ 他们很努力, 但效率不太高。They work hard, but their efforts are not very proctive.
22. frequent: adj. happening often; habitual
¨ 他渐渐地不常登门了。His visits became less frequent as time passed.
23. promotion:n.
1) a rise in position
¨ 你只要做出成绩, 就能指望获得提升。If you are successful, you can expect promotion.
2) an activity intended to help sell a proct
¨ 他负责推销工作。He is responsible for sales promotion.2) an activity intended to help sell a proct

Background knowledge
a. The American Ecational System
In the United States, ecation is the responsibility of indivial states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization:
Kindergarten: before 5 years old
Elementary school: 6-11 years old (Grades 1~6)
Junior middle school: 12-13 years old (Grades 7~8)
Senior middle school: 14-17 years old (Grades 9~12)
College: 4 years for a B.A. or B.S. degree
University: 2~3 years for an M.A. or M.S.; 2~8 years for an Ph.D.
b. What is instrial engineering?
Instrial engineering is the detailed analysis of the use and cost of men, materials and equipment in an organization, with a view to increasing its proctivity, profit and efficiency. Those who are involved in this kind of analysis are called instrial engineers.
Originally the analytical techniques of instrial engineering were used mainly in manufacturing instries to improve proction methods, establish proction control proceres, determine work standards, and develop wage payment plans. Graally, the use of instrial engineering techniques has been extended to non-manufacturing areas such as construction and transportation instries, farm management, and restaurant and hotel operations. Although the field of instrial engineering has continued to grow, its primary application is still in the manufacturing instries.

课文翻译
萨姆着手提高衬衫厂的效率了，但正如我们将在本单元后半部分发现的，他的计划实施结果跟他原先预料的并不完全一样。
Sam Adams, Instrial Engineer
如果你问我母亲，我怎么偏偏会成为一名工业管理工程师的，她就会告诉你，我一直就是这样一个人。
她的意思是说，我一贯希望把样样东西都安排得井井有条，整整齐齐。还在上小学时，我就喜欢把袜子放在衣柜左上方的抽屉里，内衣放在右上方的抽屉里，衬衫放在当中的抽屉里，折得齐齐整整的裤子放在最下面的抽屉里。
事实上，我那时一直是全家人的效率专家。父亲的工具、母亲的厨房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我统一安排。
我需要讲究效率。我希望有条不紊。对我来说，样样东西都有个固定的地方，样样东西总是放在适当的地方。这些素质为我日后从事工业管理打下了良好的基础。
遗憾的是，我这个人也有一点专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。等我把在大学取得学士学位后承办第一项工程的情况告诉你以后，你就会明白我这话是什么意思了。
毕业后我回到家乡——印第安纳州的一个小镇上。当时我还没有找到工作。我父亲的一位朋友霍布斯先生在镇上有一家小型衬衫厂。在过去五年里，厂里的工人从二十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生担心他的工厂规模变得太大了，效率变得太低了，便请我进厂当了个短期顾问。
我来到厂里，花了一个星期左右的时间一边到处查看，一边做些笔记。说真的，我对看到的情况不胜惊讶。
最为奇怪的是，厂里竟然没有任何质量控制。没有人检验工厂生产的成品。结果，有些装箱待运的衬衫不是缺了一两粒钮扣，就是少了衣领，有时甚至还会短只袖子。
工厂的生产条件很差。工作台很高，工人坐在旁边很不舒服。除了吃中饭的半小时外，全天没有别的休息时间来调剂一下令人厌倦的工作。厂里也不播放音乐。工场间的墙壁全是一片暗灰色。使我感到惊奇的是，工人们竟然没有罢工。
此外，厂里的生产流程也时断时续。在装配线上有个缝钮扣的年轻人特别心不在焉。没有多久，我便认出了他，原来他就是在中学上数学课时坐在我后面的"大个子吉姆"。他动作很慢，所有的衬衫到了他这儿都被耽搁下来。装配线上他后面的同班工人只好等在那儿无事可干；因此，在"大个子吉姆"一边工作一边胡思乱想的时候，大量时间便白白流逝了，劳动效率大受损失。整个礼拜我都在纳闷，为什么他没有被解雇。
我观察了一个星期后，霍布斯先生便要我就调查结果作一个口头汇报。我把要点概括了一下向他汇报如下：
"如果实行质量检验，你们就会大大改进成品。"
"如果把装配线重新设计一下，生产流程就会达到平稳，并能节省时间和精力。"
"如果降低工作台的高度，机器操作工作业时就会舒服一些。"
"如果厂方播放悦耳的背景音乐，美化一下单调的环境，工厂的生产率就可以大大提高。"
"如果工人们在上、下午各有一次十五分钟的休息时间喝咖啡，他们的效率就会更高。"
"如果工作出色能经常得到加薪提拔，工人们就会有更大的生产积极性。"
霍布斯先生对我的汇报表示感谢，并告诉我说他将和他的兄弟——该厂的另一位厂主兼经理——讨论我的建议。"我们关心工厂的发展，"他说。"我们要跟上时代的步伐。"
他还送给我一张一百美元的支票并赠送给我一盒衬衫。

10. 大学英语精读第四册Unit One课文介绍

大学英语精读第四册Unit One课文介绍

导语：我们都曾幻想自己有一大笔钱，下面是一篇讲述获得一大笔钱的简单方式的英语课文，欢迎大家学习。

Text

Two college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems to good to be true, it probably is.

BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY

John G. Hubbell

"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags.

"I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered.

"I can live with it," his brother agreed.

"But it pains me," I said，"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longer embarrasses you."

The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone.

"Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired.

"Super!" She snapped. "Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled up out front."

"Another truck?"

"The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's happening.

What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The company had promised our boys $600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday morning.

"Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted.

" Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed, "And we can do the job in two hours!"

"Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife informed me. "There are thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?"

"Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed. "They're college men. They'll do what they have to do."

At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of ad inserts. "They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. "All this must be delivered by seven o'clock Sunday morning."

"Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you later. Got a lunch date.

When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife.

"Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so.

"Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think."

"Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'"

"That's encouraging."

"No, it's not," she corrected. "It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bags have been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation! It's almost as if the inserts keep reprocing themselves!"

"Another thing," she continued. "Your college sons must learn that one does not get the best out of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.

Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled, "I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again! Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags.

"But that would cut into our profit," he suggested.

"There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliveries on time. If they don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or sleeping until it is removed."

There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, "Dad, you have just worked a profound change in my personality."

"Do it!"

"Yes, sir!"

By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $5 and a few competitive bonuses while the bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed.

The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $2 per hour. Graally, the huge stacks began to shrink.

As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amount

for gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each — about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of them put it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while.

All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners of the house out the front door to curbside. I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard them discussing finances.

"Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!"

"We're going to be rich!"

Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire library.

"No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!"

"Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!"

"You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain.

"Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as well make a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……"

New Words

buck

n. (sl.) U.S. dollar

plastic

a. 塑料的

n. (pl) 塑料

doorknob

n. 门把手

leisurely

a. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的'

leisure

n. free time 空闲时间，闲暇

lucrative

a. profitable 有利的;赚钱的

pain

vt. cause pain to

panhandle

vi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streets

delivery

n. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递;送交

enthuse

vi. show enthusiasm

inquire

vt. ask

super

a. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellent

snap

vt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说

insert

n. 插页

normally

ad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常

company

n. 公司

echo

vt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和;重复

ad

n. (short for) advertisement

inform

vt. tell; give information 告知

porch

n. (AmE) veranda 门廊

armload

n. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armful

walk

n. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道

unnaturally

ad. in an unnatural way 不自然地

quaver

vi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble 颤抖

truckload

n. as much or as many as a truck can carry

department store

n. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司

dime

n. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten cents

dime store

n. (AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店;小商口店

drugstore

n. (AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty procts, film, magazines, and food 药店，杂货店

grocery

n. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品杂货店

section

n. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion (文章等的)段落;节;部分

cram

vt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把……塞满;把……塞进

stack

n. an orderly; heap or group of things 一叠(堆、垛等)

band

n. flat, thin piece of material 带;带状物

vt. tie up with a band 捆扎

rubber band

n. 橡皮筋

takeout

a. (餐馆)出售外卖菜的

range

n. the distance at which one can see or hear (听觉、视觉等)的范围

marvel(l)ous

a. wonderful; astonishing

steak

n. 牛排;大块肉(或鱼)片

sour

a. 酸的

eel

n. 鳗鲡

diplomacy

n. 外交

encouraging

a. 鼓舞人心的

dent

n. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress凹痕，凹坑，初步进展

reproce

vt. proce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖

bodily

a. of the human body; physical

harm

n. damage or wrong 伤害

audience

n. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance to be heard 观众;听众;陈述意见的机会

snarl

vt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮着说

bonus

n. an extra payment to workers 奖金

thoughtful

a. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的

cash

n. money in coins or notes 现金

activist

n. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement 激进分子

work force

n. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, instry or area 工人总数;劳动人口

competitive

a. 竞争的

organizer

n. person who organizes things 组织者

mediation

n. 调解

party

n. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方;当事人

graally

ad. slowly and by degrees.

graal

a.

shrink (shrank, shrunk)

vi. become less or smaller 减少;变小

deadline

n. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最后期限

station wagon

n. 小型客车，客货两用车

minimum (pl. minima or minimums)

n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、数等

minimum wage

n. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工资

odd

a. strange; unusual

goings-on

n. activities, usu. of an undesirable kind

carton

n. a cardboard box for holding goods 纸板箱(或盒) curbside

n. the area of sidewalk at or near curb (curb: 人行道的镶边石)

enlist

vt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得……的支持和帮助;征募

trash

n. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish 垃圾

pickup

n. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡车;轻型货车

overhear

vt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)无意中听到;偷听到

finance

n. money matters; (used in pl.) money; (science of ) the management of funds 财政;钱财;金融

geez

int.哎呀，呀

sale

n. the act of selling sth.

Phrases & Expressions

pull up

bring or come to a stop (使)停下

a piece of cake

(informal) sth. very easy to do

even as

just at the same moment as

know better than

be wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至于

be at

be occupied with, be doing

make a dent (in)

make less by a very small amount; rece slightly; make a first step towards success(in)减少一点;取得初步进展

cut into

rece; decrease 减少

have no business

have no right or reason 无权，没有理由

settle for

accept, although not altogether satisfactory (无可奈何地)满足于

settle one's account

pay what one owes 结帐

quite a while

a fairly long time

draw(sb.'s) attention to

make sb. notice, or be aware of

for sale

intended to be sold

for rent

available to be rented

be done with

stop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用

may/might/could as well

with equal or better effect 不妨，还不如，最好

Proper Names

Montgomery Ward

蒙哥马利—沃德百货公司

Sears, Roebuck

西尔斯—罗百克百货公司

;