初中英语辨析怎么写
1. 初中英语意思相近的词辨析
other及其变化形式在初中教材中多次出现，而且它的变化形式很多，有以下几种： other, others, the others, another 等。它们的用法现归纳如下；
1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或
物）”。如：
Do you have any other question(s)?你还有其他问题吗？
Ask some other people.问问别人吧！
Put it in your other hand.把它放在你另一只手里。
2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代
词。如：
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.
他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。
the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如：
On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree.
在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。
Mary is much taller than the other girls.
玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。
He lives on the other side of the river.
他住在河的对岸。
3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。
如：
Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.
我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。
Give me some others, please.
请给我别的东西吧！
There are no others.
没有别的了。
4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是
the other的 复数形式。如：
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.
两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。
the others=the other +复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。
5.another=an+ other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同
类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如：
I don’t like this one. Please show me another.
我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a
worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。
2. 初中英语词语辨析
in one's way:挡道，妨碍人
on one's way:在（某人）往。。。去的路上。
dress一般表“给```穿衣”， 通常用在dress up，dress oneself搭配中， 在“be dressed in +颜色”就表示“穿着··色衣服的”，wear表示状态的“穿着”，而put on就是一个动作表示“穿”这个动作例句：she dresses up like a plushhorse[美俚]她穿得过份考究he is wearing a T-shirt 他穿着一件T恤。he put his shoes on. 他穿上了鞋（指穿鞋这动作）
（1）sometimes的意思是“有时”，是副词。例如：
Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus.
他有时骑车来，有时乘公共汽车来。
（2）sometime也是副词，意思是“在某个时候”。可用于一般过去时与将来时。例如：
You can hand in your homework sometime before Friday.
你可以在周五前某个时候交作业。
（3）some time是名词短语，它的意思是“一段时间”。例如：
I'll be away for some time. 我将离开一段时间。
（4）some times也是一个名词短语，time在这里用作可数名词，意思是“次数”。
some times的意思是“几次”。例如：
I have been to the Great Wall some times.
我去过长城几次。
3. 初中人教版英语重点语法、词汇词组辨析、句型
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
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11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
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11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
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11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
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11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
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11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
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11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回动词的时态目录
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
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11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
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11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
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11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
返回动词的时态目录
11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
4. 求初中英语易混系词语短语的辨析（全部）
1、not a bit , not a little
not a bit 意思为一点也不。如:I'm not a bit hungry now . 我现在一点也不饿。
not a little 意思为"很","非常"等于very 。如:He is not a little tired . 他非常累。
2、no more , no longer
no more ,no longer 二者都有"不在"之意,但是no more (=not…any more) 强调时间上的先后对比；如:Please say no more about this matter .(=Please don't say any more about this matter .) 而no longer(=not…any longer )强调数量或程度上的对比。如:He no longer live here .(He doesn't live here any longer.)
3、go on doing sth. /go on with sth. /go on to do sth.
go on doing sth. 继续做某事；指前后做的是同一件事。如:Go on reading Lesson Two . 继续读第二课。(刚才读的就是第二课)
go on with sth. 也表示前后做同一件事,但中间有暂停情况。如:After having a cup of tea ,he went on with the work. go on to do sth. 表示继某事；指前后做的不是同一件事。如:Go on to read Lesson Three .(刚才可能读的是第二课,也可能干别的事。)
4、It is/was +adj.+ for sb.to do sth. It is/was +adj. +of sb. to do sth.
这一句型中for 前的形容词侧重说明其后不定式所表述的的这件事,该类形容词有:difficult , important, necessary , possible , useful 等。如:It's necessary for us to learn English well. of 前的形容词侧重说明其后人的特点,该类形容词有:kind, right, wrong, nice ,clever, foolish, polite , stupid, careful, 等。如:It's wrong of you to quarrel with her.
5、for example , such as , like
for example 表示"例如"讲时,一般只列举同类人或物中的"一个",如:For example , noise is a kind of pollution. such as 作例如讲时,用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。如:I'm interested in many-subjects ,such as English ,maths, Chinese and PE. like 表示列举时可与such as 互换。
6、take part in , join , attend
take part in 表示参加时,指参加某一活动,比赛。如:He often takes part in the match at school . 另外,take an active part in 表示积极参加。
join 表示"参加"时主要指参加某个党派,团体。如:He joined the army at the age of eighteen. 另外,join sb. in …表示"和某人一
起做某事"。如:Would you join us in the match 挂 attend 的意思为出席,指参加会议。如:Mr. Wang will attend the meeting tomorrow .
5. 初中英语近义词辨析
provide sb. with sth
provide sth for sb.
supply +gas/water etc.
offer + drink/paper
provide + services
offer to help sb. offer sb. sth./ offer sth. to sb.
6. 初中英语词汇辨析!!!!1
1. clothes, cloth, clothing
&<60; &<60;clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth 指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，
&<60; &<60;指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
&<60; &<60;incident 指小事件, accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
&<60; &<60;amount 后接不可数名词，number 后接可数名词 a number of students
4. family, house, home
&<60; &<60;home 家，包括住处和家人，house 房子，住宅，family 家庭成员。My family is a happy one.
5. sound, voice, noise
&<60; &<60;sound 自然界各种各样的声音，voice 人的嗓音，noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing
&<60; &<60;photo 用照相机拍摄的照片，picture 可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing 画的画
&<60; &<60;Let's go and see a good picture.
7. vocabulary, word
&<60; &<60;vocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word 具体的单词 He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people
&<60; &<60;population 人口，人数，people 具体的人 China has a large population.
9. weather, climate
&<60; &<60;weather 一天内具体的天气状况，climate 长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way
&<60; &<60; road 具体的公路，马路，street 街道，path 小路，小径，way 道路，途径
&<60; &<60; take this road; in the street, Show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject
&<60; &<60; course 课程（可包括多门科目），subject 科目（具体的学科）a summer course
12. custom, habit
&<60; &<60; custom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do，habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接 of doing.
&<60; &<60; I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason
&<60; &<60; cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth，reason 用来解释某种现象或
&<60; &<60; 结果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
14. exercise, exercises, practice
&<60; &<60; exercise 运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises 练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习。
&<60; &<60; Practice makes perfect.
15. class, lesson
&<60; &<60; 作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用 lesson. 指班级或全体学生用 class. Lesson 6; Class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture
&<60; &<60; speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture
&<60; &<60; 学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on …
17. officer, official
&<60; &<60; officer 部队的军官，official 政府官员 an army officer
18. work, job
&<60; &<60; 二者均指工作。work 不可数，job 可数 a good job。
19. couple, pair
&<60; &<60; couple 主要指人或动物，pair 多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers
20. country, nation, state, land
&<60; &<60; country 侧重指版图，疆域，nation 指人民，国民，民族，state 侧重指政府，政体，land 国土，
&<60; &<60; 国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.
21. cook, cooker
&<60; &<60; cook 厨师，cooker 厨具 He is a good cook.
22. damage, damages
&<60; &<60; damage 不可数名词，损害，损失; damages 复数形式，赔偿金 $900 damages
23. police, policeman
&<60; &<60; police 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning
&<60; &<60; everyone in the house.
24. problem, question
&<60; &<60; problem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise，question 常和疑问连系，
&<60; &<60; 多和ask, answer 连用。
25. man, a man
&<60; &<60; man 人类，a man 一个男人 Man will conquer nature.
26. chick, chicken
&<60; &<60; 二者均可指小鸡，chicken 还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.
27. telegram, telegraph
&<60; &<60; 当电报解时，telegram 指具体的，telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph
28. trip, journey, travel, voyage
&<60; &<60; travel 是最常用的，trip 指短期的旅途，journey 指稍长的旅途，voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip
29. sport, game
&<60; &<60; sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套
&<60; &<60; 规则 His favorite sport is swimming.
30. price, prize
&<60; &<60; price 价格，prize 奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.&<60;&<60;
31. a number of, the number of
&<60; &<60; a number of 许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of … 的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of
&<60; &<60; students is increasing.
32. in front of, in the front of
&<60; &<60; in front of 范围外的前面，in the front of 范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.
33. of the day, of a day
&<60; &<60; of the day 每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day 暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day
34. three of us, the three of us
&<60; &<60; three of us 我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us 我们三个（就三个人）The three of us
&<60; &<60; --- Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
35. by bus, on the bus
&<60; &<60; by bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus 表范围 They went there by bus.
36. for a moment, for the moment
&<60; &<60; for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment 暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.&<60;&<60;
37. next year, the next year
&<60; &<60; next year 明年，将来时间状语，the next year 第二年，过去将来时间状语&<60;&<60;
&<60; &<60; He said he would go abroad the next year.
38. more than a year, more than one year
&<60; &<60; more than a year 一年多，more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）
39. take advice, take the(one's) advice
&<60; &<60; take advice 征求意见，take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.
40. take air, take the air
&<60; &<60; take air 传播，走漏，take the air 到户外去，散步 We take the air every day.
41. in a word, in words
&<60; &<60; in a word 总之，一句话， in words 口头上 In a word, you are right.
42. in place of, in the place of
&<60; &<60; in place of 代替，in the place of 在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.
43. in secret, in the secret
&<60; &<60; in secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密，
&<60; &<60; 一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
44. a girl, one girl
&<60; &<60; a girl 可泛指所有女孩, one girl 一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?
45. take a chair, take the chair
&<60; &<60; take a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下，take the chair 开始开会
46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
50. in charge of, in the charge of
&<60; &<60; in charge of 管理，负责照料， in the charge of 由……照料 He is in charge of the matter.
&<60; &<60; The matter is in the charge of her.
51. in class, in the class
&<60; &<60; in class 在课上，in the class 在班级里 He is the best student in the class.
52. on fire, on the fire
&<60; &<60; on fire 着火, on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.
53. out of question, out of the question
&<60; &<60; out of question 毫无疑问的，out of the question 不可能的&<60;&<60;
54. a second, the second
&<60; &<60; a second 又一，再一，the second 第…… He won the second prize.
55. by day, by the day
&<60; &<60; by day 白天，by the day 按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.
56. the people, a people
&<60; &<60; the people 指人，a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.
57. it, one
&<60; &<60; it 同一物体，one 同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
58. that, this
&<60; &<60; that 指代上文所提到的，this 导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why ….
59. none, nothing, no one
&<60; &<60; none 强调有多少，nothing, no one 强调有没有，nothing 指物，no one 指人
&<60; &<60; --- How many …/ How much …? --- None.
60. anyone, any one
&<60; &<60; anyone 指人，不能接 of，any one 指人物均可，可接 of any one of you
61. who, what
&<60; &<60; who 指姓名或关系，what 指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.
62. what, which
&<60; &<60; what 的选择基础是无限制的，which 在一定范围内进行选择&<60;&<60;
&<60; &<60; Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
63. other, another
&<60; &<60; other 后接名词复数，another 后接名词单数 other students, another student
64. not a little, not a bit
&<60; &<60; not a little 非常，not a bit 一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。
65. many, much, a lot of
&<60; &<60; many 和可数名词连用，much 和不可数名词连用，a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句
&<60; &<60; I haven't many books.
66. much more … than, many more … than
&<60; &<60; much more … than 后接形容词或不可数名词，many more … than 后接可数名词 many more
&<60; &<60; people, much more water, much more beautiful
67. no, not
&<60; &<60; no = not a/any no friend = not a/any friend no water = not any water
68. no more than, not more than
&<60; &<60; no more than 相当于 only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过
69. majority, most
&<60; &<60; majority 只能修饰可数名词，most 可数不可数均可 the majority of people
70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
&<60; &<60; by oneself 单独的，独自的，for oneself 为自己，to oneself 供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，
&<60; &<60; 自动的 The door opened of itself.
71. at all, after all
&<60; &<60; at all 根本，全然, after all 到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.
72. tall, high
&<60; &<60; tall 常指人或动物，high 常指物体 He is tall.
73. fast, quickly
&<60; &<60; fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快
&<60; &<60; run fast, answer the question quickly
74. high, highly
&<60; &<60; high 具体的高，highly 抽象的高，高度的 think highly of
75. healthy, healthful
&<60; &<60; healthy 健康的，健壮的，healthful 有益于健康的 healthful exercise
76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy
&<60; &<60; sleeping 正在睡觉，asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy 困的，有睡意的&<60;&<60;
&<60; &<60; a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.
77. gold, golden
&<60; &<60; gold 指真金制品，golden 指金色的，但金鱼用 gold fish, a gold ring
78. most, mostly
&<60; &<60; most 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于 very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，
&<60; &<60; mostly 大部分，是副词 most people, the people are mostly …
79. just, very
&<60; &<60; just 表强调时是副词，作状语，very 表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man
80. wide, broad
&<60; &<60; wide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad 侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders
81. real, true
&<60; &<60; real 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合
&<60; &<60; real gold, a true story
82. respectful, respectable
&<60; &<60; respectful 尊敬，有礼貌，respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged&<60;&<60;
83. outwards, outward
&<60; &<60; 二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward 还可用作形容词 an outward voyage
84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
&<60; &<60; pleasant 常用作定语，pleased, pleasing 常用作表语，pleased 主语常为人，
&<60; &<60; pleasing 主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.
85. understanding, understandable
&<60; &<60; understanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的&<60;&<60;
&<60; &<60; an understanding girl, an understandable mistake
86. close, closely
&<60; &<60; close 接近，靠近，closely 紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close
87. ill, sick
&<60; &<60; ill 做表语，sick 定，表均可 a sick boy
88. good, well
&<60; &<60; good 形容词，well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.
89. quiet, silent, still
&<60; &<60; quiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent 不发出声音，但可以动，still 完全不动，完全无声响
&<60; &<60; He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。
90. hard, hardly
&<60; &<60; hard 努力，hardly 几乎不 work hard, I can hardly believe it.
91. able, capable&<60;&<60;
&<60; &<60; able 与不定式 to do 连用，capable 与 of 连用 He is capable of doing …
92. almost, nearly
&<60; &<60; 二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用用 almost almost nobody&<60;&<60;
93. late, lately
&<60; &<60; late 迟，晚，lately 最近，近来 I haven't seen him lately.
94. living, alive, live, lively
&<60; &<60; living, alive, live 均为活着的，living 定表均可，alive 定表均可，定语后置，live 只能做
&<60; &<60; 定语，lively 意为活波的 all the living people = all the people alive
95. excited, exciting
&<60; &<60; excited 使人兴奋的，exciting 令人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.
96. deep, deeply
&<60; &<60; deep 具体的深，deeply 抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep
97. aloud, loud
&<60; &<60; aloud 出声地，loud 大声地 read aloud (出声地读)
98. worth, worthy
&<60; &<60; 二者均为值得，worth 后接 doing，worthy 后接 to be done126. care about, care for
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;care about 关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for 关心，照料，喜欢，愿意&<60;&<60;
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.
127. catch a cold, have a cold
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;catch a cold 不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用，而 have a cold 可以
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;She has had a cold for a week.
128. change for, change into
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;change for 调换成，change into 变成
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
129. continue, last
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;二者均为持续，continue 主动，被动均可，last 只能用主动
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
130. feed, raise
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;feed 喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)，raise 饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children)
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;raise the family
131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;go for a doctor 去请医生，go to a doctor 去看病&<60;&<60;
132. notice, observe, catch sight of
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;notice 注意到，observe 观察，仔细地看，catch sight of 突然看到 observe the stars
133. insist on, stick to
&<60; &<60;&<60; &<60;insist on 坚持要求，后常接 doing, stick to 坚持, 后常接 sth., stick to the plan
134. look, seem, appear
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;look 指从外表上看，seem 指内心的判断，appear 指给人以表面的印象 appear wise,
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;look like his father
135. gather, collect
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;gather 把分散的东西集中到一起，collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps
136. mean to do, mean doing
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;mean to do 打算，想要做某事，mean doing 意思是，意味着&<60;&<60;
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;By this I mean giving the students more practice.
137. die from, die of
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;die from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold
138. pay for, pay back, pay off
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;pay for 为…付钱，pay back 还钱，但不一定还清，pay off 还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt
139. divide, separate
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;divide 把一个整体分成几部分，separate 把连在一起的个体分开
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;divide the apple, separate the houses
140. arrive, get, reach
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;arrive 不及物动词，后接 in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get 不及物动词后接 to，reach 及物动词&<60;&<60;
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
141. grow, plant
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;grow 使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant 移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;plant the trees, trees are growing
142. manage, try
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;manage to do 设法做成了某事，try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定成功
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
143. choose, select
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;choose 凭个人的判断力进行选择，select 有目的地仔细认真地选择 choose the best answer
144. build, put up, set up, found
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;build 一般用语，建成，put up 临时搭建，set up 建成（内部的设施基本齐全），
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;found 国家或组织的建成 put up a tent, set up a school
145. be familiar to, be familiar with
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;be familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with 某人熟悉某物&<60;&<60;
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.
146. agree with, agree to, agree on
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;agree with 同意某人，agree to 同意某事，agree on 在……上达成一致意见，主语是复数
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;agree with you, agree to the plan
147. throw to, throw at
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;throw to 扔到……, throw at 朝……扔 He throw a stone at me.
148. receive, accept
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;receive 收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept 接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
149. wear, put on, dress
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;wear 和 dress 表状态, wear 接衣服等，可用进行时，dress 接人，be dressed in, put on 表动作
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.
150. listen, hear
&<60; &<60;&<60;&<60;listen 强调动作，hear 强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing.
7. 初中英语近义词辨析大全
书店里有卖的
8. 初中英语词组辨析
because 后面要跟一个完整的句子
because of 后面跟名词专或词组属
eg. He did not go to school because he was ill.
He did not go to school because of illness.
9. 初中英语易混词词汇辨析（详细点的）
1. clothes, cloth, clothing
①clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词用复数, a suit of clothes指一套衣服。可以说many clothes, these clothes,不说an article of clothes.
②cloth 用来指“织物”时，为不可数名词。指“布块”时，是可数的，但注意它的复数形式是cloths,如：Wipe the surface with a damp cloth.
③clothing服装的总称，总是单数形式。指一件衣服用a piece of / an article of clothing.
2. incident, accident, event
incident一般是经过策划，有蓄谋的事件,如西安事变（站在老蒋的立场，这字太合适了）还有如border incident,也可以指小事,如偶遇什么人；accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident；event指较大的事，如你考取大学，对你是个event(尽管对别人无所谓); 历史上的大事件，也多用event.
3. deal,amount, number
amount / deal及其组合量词词组后接不可数名词，number及其组合后接可数名词a number of students，注意：
Large amount of water was sent to the small village.
Large amounts of water were sent to the small village.
4. family, house, home
home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.
5. sound, voice, noise
sound凡你听得到的声音就是它。voice人的嗓音。noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing, painting
photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片Let's go and see a good picture ；drawing画的画，主要是线条形的，如工程图；painting 指（如油彩类）绘画
7. vocabulary, word
vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词总量，word具体的单词：He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people
population人口，人数China has a large population.；people具体的人,民族The Chinese are a great people.
What’s the population of your country?
How large is the population of your country.
9. weather, climate
weather具体的天气状况，climate气候状况The climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way
road具体的公路，马路。street街道。path小路，小径。way道路，做事情的“做法” // take this road；in the street；show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject
course课程（课程表中的所有subject），subject科目（具体的学科）Math is her best subject
12. custom, habit
①custom [c/u] 即有时指“一种”风俗、习俗而有时指风俗的“统称”。the custom of doing sth.如the custom of kissing under mistletoe；但它也可指个人的生活习惯，不过往往侧重指一种有规律的行为，而并非一个人那种无意识的“习惯”On Wednesday evening, as was his custom, he went down to the village. ②habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason
the cause(s) of =... 的原因； the cause f =... 的理由；
The cause of the explosion has not been explained.
You have no cause for complaint. (= to complain.)
汶川地震的（原因V）(理由X) 是什么呢？
What is the cause of the Wenchuan earthquake?
reason(s)for sth./doing sth.(做)...的理由
the reason for being late
Could you explain your reasons for choosing this particular course?
for reasons of... 由于...的原因，出于什么的考虑
14. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise运动，锻炼（不可数）。exercises作业,但做体操也是: gymnastic exercises体操，spelling exercises拼写练习。practice（遵循某理论或教导而做，有时是反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect的
15. class, lesson
作"课"解时,两者大致可以替换a mathematics class/lesson；a class/lesson in mathematics都可以说.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class。如lesson 6; class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，但国际性的、围绕某问题举行的会谈也用talk,如六方会谈six-party talk；lecture学术性的演讲，讲课a lecture on Dickens
17. officer, official
officer 单独用指陆海空军官，警官；official主要指政府官员an army officer/ a government official
18. work, job
二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job / out of a job/ out of jobs/ out of work
19. couple, pair
couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers。夫妇多用couple(也可用pair)；合作伙伴多用pair /a couple of 几个
20. country, nation, state, land
①country侧重指版图，疆域；②nation指人民，国民，民族；③state侧重指政府，政体；④land国土，国家（有点诗意）The whole nation was sad at the earthquake of Wenchuan.
21. cook, cooker
cook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook.
22. damage, damages
damage不可数名词,损害，损失; damages复数形式,赔偿金$900 damages
23. police, policeman
police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house.
24. problem, question，issue
problem常和困难（故障）联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise。question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer连用。problem with the machine不太用of. / issure 实际= 事务 ||environmental problem / issue意思不一样
25. man, a man
man人类，a man一个男人Man will conquer nature.
man与mankind前都不用the
26. chick, chicken
二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉The chicken is delicious. Do you like dogs / dog? (喜欢狗/狗肉？)
27. telegram, telegraph
Shall I______（打电话）or telephone?
telegram多作可数名词用，如：He received a telegram saying that his mother had died.而telegraph既能作名词又能作动词用，本题选telegraph。
28. travel, trip, tour, journey, voyage
travel总称。trip注重办事，后接to如a business trip to Shanghai；tour注重游玩，后接of。journey指稍长的旅途。voyage指乘船的航行，如space voyage.
29. sport, game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等His favorite sport is swimming；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则
30. price, prize，award, reward
price价格The price is high/low.；prize（竞赛类）的奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize；award经评委选出的奖，但The Nobel Prize是个例外；给你老妈擦了地板之类，具体付出具体所得的奖赏，就是reward。
31. a number of, the number of
a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…这个数字…，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.
32. in front of, in the front of
in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面In the front of the classroom stands the strict teacher. (教室内前)
33. of the day, of a day
of the day每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day暂时的，不长久的a famous scientist of the day
34. three of us, the three of us
three of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
35. by bus, on the bus
by bus表手段，方式，不用冠词。on the bus表所乘具体的车辆，或表范围They came here on this bus.( by busx)
36. for a moment, for the moment
for a moment片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
37. next year, the next year
next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语（如常用于间接引语）He will come here next year. / He said he would go abroad the next year.
38. more than a year, more than one year
more than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）
39. take advice, take the(one's) advice
take advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告He refused to take the advice and failed again.
40. take air, take the air
take air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步We take the air every day.
41. in a word, in words，in word
in a word总之，一句话In a word, you are right；in words=in word口头上(in practice实践上) He should be a friend in practice, not only in word / Or, He should be a friend in deed as well as in word. in words口语化，in word文学化些。
42. in place of, in the place of
in place of代替≈take sb.'s place代替某人；in the place of在…地方A new building is built in the place of the old one.
43. in secret, in the secret
in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
44. a girl, one girl
a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩Can one girl carry such a big box? One在这种用法中常强调数量意味（见38条）
45. take a chair, take the chair
take a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会，做主席The news that Keefe is to take the chair comes
46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
go to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路，by the sea在海边 go by sea
47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师；the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师。（有时作为特别强调，也指一个人）
51. in class, in the class
in class在课上，in the class在班级里He is the best student in the class.
52. on fire, on the fire
on fire着火,on the fire在火上Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.
53. out of question, out of the question
out of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的（记法：opportunity可能性，长的那个词组与可能性有关）
54. a second, the second
a second又一，再一，the second第二的 He won the second prize.
55. by day, by the day
by day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.
56. the people, a people
the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.
57. it, one
it同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
58. that, this
that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why…
59. none, nothing, no one
一般情况下，nothing回答what问句；nobody和no one回答who问句；none回答how many或how much问句。
①— What’s in the box?盒子里有什么？
— Nothing.什么也没有。
②—Who is in the classroom?谁在教室里？
—Nobody / No one.没有人。
③—How many people are there in the park?公园里有多少人？
—None.没有人。
60. anyone, any one
1. anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。如：
Would anyone like a drink?谁想喝一杯吗?
I don’t want to waste anyone’s time.我不想浪费任何人的时间。
He told her not to tell anyone.他告诉她不要告诉任何人。
—Which pen do you want?你要哪支钢笔?
—Any one will do.随便哪一支都行
2. anyone后不能接表示范围的of短语，而any one后可接表示范围的of短语。如：
I don’t know any one of them.他们中我一个也不认识。
Any one of us could fail in the exam.我们当中的任何一个都可能考试不及格。
3. anyone不能用作定语修饰名词，而any one可以用作定语修饰名词。如：
You can borrow any one video at a time.你一次可以借任何一盘录像带。
I can’t point to any one particular reason for it.那件事我找不出具体原因来。
4. anyone可以受形容词的修饰，且修饰语于anyone之后；而any one很少受形容词的修饰，若语义上需要，应将修饰语置于any与one之间。如：
Did you see anyone else there?你在那里看到其他的人吗?
Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous?你见过名人吗?
Any red one will do.任何一个红色的都可以。
61. who, what
who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.
62. what, which
what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
63. other, another
other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student
64. not a little, not a bit
not a little非常，not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。
65. many, much, a lot of
many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books.
66. much more…than, many more…than
much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more…than后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful
67. no, not
no=not a/any；no friend=not a/any friend ；no water = not any water
68. no more than, not more than
no more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过
69. majority, most
majority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可 the majority of people
70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.
71. at all, after all
at all根本，全然；after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.
72. tall, high
tall常指人或动物等细长类东西，high常指基础大的物体 He is tall.
73. fast, rapid, quickly
fast具有速度快的特点，但不一定动了，如停的飞机；rapid一般指本身在动的，如河流，进步；quickly往往与人反应相关 run fast, answer the question quickly
74. high, highly
high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of
75. healthy, healthful
healthy健康的（指一种长期状态），healthful有益于健康的healthful exercise总用keep healthy.He's healthy.(V) He's healthy today.(X) His body is healthy.
76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的a sleeping baby；The baby is asleep； I'm sleepy.
77. gold, golden
gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring
78. most, mostly
most①用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very：most impatiently，a most impressive piece of writing.②当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词：won the most votes.；mostly主要地,是副词Our weather has been mostly warm.
79. just, very
just表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man
80. wide, broad
wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders/眼宽、嘴宽用wide, 脸宽用broad
81. real, true
用real去表示“为实”的真，如材料/行为/存在：real gold/ a real friend/ in real trouble；用true去表示“对比性（符合）”的真，如常识/重要性：a true prophecy / a true friend
82. respectful, respectable
respectful尊敬的（自身对别人所抱的心态）；respectable值得尊敬的（给别人的印象），be respectful to the aged
83. outwards, outward
二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词 an outward voyage
84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定语或表语，“让别人愉快的” Life is pleasant. Death is peaceful / a pleasant trip；pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物 ；The trip is pleasing. / The food is pleasing to my taste.
85. understanding, understandable
understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake
86. close, closely
close（地点）接近地stand close；closely（关系）密切地 closely connected,
87. ill, sick
ill主要是做表语；sick定语，表语均可 a sick boy
88. good, well
good形容词；well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.
89. quiet, silent, still
quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音；silent不发出声音，但可以动；still完全不动，完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。
90. hard, hardly
hard努力work hard；hardly几乎不 I can hardly believe it.
91. able, capable
able与不定式to do连用，capable与of连用 He is capable of doing…
92. almost, nearly
肯定句中通用；almost可以接not以外的否定词，也就是no, none, never, any以及由no和any构成的词例如nobody, nothing, anything等；not nearly为习语，表示“far from”，“远不”的意思
93. late, lately
①late迟，晚是adj.& adv.；②lately最近，近来,只是adv.
Marry late in life/ I haven't seen him lately.
94. living, alive, live, lively
living定表均可；alive表语，后置定语；live只能做定语，一般用于动物；lively意为活泼的all the living people=all the people alive；live show现场直播
95. excited, exciting
excited当事者自己兴奋，exciting当事者让别人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.
96. deep, deeply
deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep
97. aloud, loud
aloud出声地，loud大声地read aloud(出声地读)；loudly比loud多些“喧闹”的含义
98. worth, worthy
worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done
It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.
99. bad, badly
bad形容词，badly副词，但与need, want, require连用为"很，非常" I need the book badly. go bad（变坏）
100. before long, long before
before long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long
101. quite, rather
quite完全地，相当于completely, rather修饰比较级quite impossible
102. happy, glad
happy定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语a happy girl
103. instead, instead of
instead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，He didn't see a film. Instead，he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
104. too much, much too
简单说：too much ≈ much，much too ≈ too
105. be about to, be going to, be to do
be about to“马上要做”后面不接时间状语，be going to侧重打算，想法，
be to do侧重意志，计划，安排I'm to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思)
106. raise, rise
raise及物动词，rise不及物动词The sun rises in the east./ be on the rise上涨,上升；give rise to引起;使发生；have a rise in wages
107. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetch a box of chalk
108. spend, take, pay, cost
spend人做主语，花钱，花时间去做什么; spend…on sth./in doing sth；take物做主语，做什么花了多少时间; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for；cost物做主语，花钱
109. join, join in, take part in
join接人（群）He joined the army five years ago.；join in参加相对小型的活动, join sb. in；take part in参加大型的活动，自己起一份作用的活动。
110. learn, study
做学习解时，两者可不区分。但study ①研究study the problem ②书房；learn了解：I learn it from him.
111. want, hope, wish
want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do；hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that…（hope sb. to do.错）；wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.，wish +虚拟语气
112. discover, invent, find out
discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西；invent发明本来不存在的物体；find out发现，查明At last he found out the truth.
113. answer, reply
answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接to reply to the letter
114. leave, leave for
leave离开，leave for前往He left Beijing for Shanghai.
115. rob, steal
rob抢劫rob sb. of sth.，steal偷steal sth. from sb.
116. shoot, shoot at
shoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中He shot the bird and it died.
117. drop, fall
drop及物不及物均可；fall不及物动词Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.
118. search, search for
只要理解search A for B,且有时会省略A，有时会省略B就可以He searched his pocket for money.
119. used to, be used to
used to do过去常常；be used to sth. /doing习惯于；be used to do sth.被用来He is used to getting up early.
120. win, lose, beat
win后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them
121. live on, live by
live on以…为主食，live by你好…谋生live on fish/ live by fishing。注意凑巧：He lived on the farm.
122. beat, hit, strike
beat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beat the wings
123. meet, meet with
与某人会见，意思相同。“体验到，遭遇到”用meet with：meet with an accident
124. lose, miss，missing
①lose失去（具体的物体），错过sth. is lost, lose the chance；②miss想念，错过，miss the chance；③missing缺失（而不完美）,失踪：Several pages are missing
125. be tired of, be tired with/from
be tired of厌烦…，be tired with/from因为…而累了be tired with/from running 800 meters
126. care about, care for
两者都常见于否定句care about关心，计较，在乎；care for喜欢，关心，照料，愿意|| He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.
127. catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以：She has had a cold for a week.
128. change for, change into
change for调换成，change into变成Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
129. continue, last
二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
130. feed, raise
feed喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to)，raise饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children)：raise the family
10. 初中英语近义词辨析
support:1. 支撑,支托,扶持2. 支持,拥护,赞成;资助3. (常与can,cannot连用)忍受,忍耐 supply:1. 供给,供应专,提供[O1][(+to/for/with)]2. 补充;满足属 provide: 1. 提供[(+for)]2. 装备,供给[(+with)]3. 规定[Y][+(that)] offer:1. 给予,提供;拿出,出示[O1][(+to)]2. 愿意;试图(做某事);提议[Y][+to-v]3. 出(价);开(价)[O1]