海伦喜欢独自旅行用英语怎么说

A. 谁能帮我总结一下高一英语短语.

高考英语必备词组
agree vi.同意;持相同意见I cannot agree with you on this point.在这一点上,我不能同意你的意见。
sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见
sth agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人 agree to sb 建议 agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见
agree up sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree to do sth 同意干某事
break vt.打破;损坏;破坏 We should all take a little break before dessert. 吃甜点之前我们大家应该稍微休息一下。 break down 机器坏了=go wrong 身体垮了/终止谈话 11) I had never seen a grown man break down and cry. 我从未曾看到过一个这么强壮的汉子痛哭失声。
break in 闯入,插话 break off 忽然停止讲话/断绝,结束/暂停工作,休息
break out (战争等)爆发;逃出(无被动式) break through 打破包围
break up 驱散,学校的放学 The police had to employ force to break up the crowd.警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。 break away from 脱离,逃说,与...断绝来往/改变某种习惯
bring vt.拿来;带来;取来 I'll bring some of my pictures into the gallery. 我就带一些我的摄影到艺廊来。 bring about =cause, result in, lead to bring down 使倒下,使下降 bring force 使产生,引起
bring forward 提出建议=put forward/提前
bring in =get in the pops/使得到某种收入 Mr. Li: Oh… would you kindly allow me to bring in h… would you kindly allow me to bring in the civet rian? It is the favorite of my sister.李先生：喔…您能允许我带些榴莲吗？它是我姐姐最喜欢的水果。 bring back to one's mind 使回想起
bring up sb 抚养某人 bring up sth 提出 bring up 呕吐 bring to an end 结束=come to an end
call vt.叫喊;打电话给… I'll call the roll before class. 课前我要点名。
call on sb 拜访,号召 call at 访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠
call for 需要 And there's a phone call for you, Mr. Bennett. Bennett先生 有你的电话。
call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事 call off 取消(计划,比赛)
call out (call out+to sb.)大声地叫 call up sb 打电话
call in 请进来 We'll call in a couple of days. 我们两三天后打电话。
carry vt.携带;运载;传送 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。
carry out 进行到底,贯彻执行 4) Tomorrow, Sandra will carry out the garbage. 明天珊多拉将会收拾垃圾的。 carry out 是成就、完成的惯用语,但在此地,一看便知并非这种意思。可把它想象做从厨房把 garbage 运到外面去。
carry on 进行下去,坚持下去 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。 carry away 拿走,入迷,被...吸引 carry forward 推进,发扬(精神)
carry off 抢走,夺走/获得奖品 carry through 进行到底,完成计划 carry sb through 使...渡过难关
catch vt.捉;抓住 vi.接住 We didn't catch anything. 我们什么也没有钓著。
catch up 赶上 33. He shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.他与世隔绝一个月,力图把功课赶上去。
catch on 勾住,绊倒 catch at 想抓住 A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水者见草也要抓;急何能择。 be caught in the rain 被雨淋 catch up with 赶上某人,补上工作
clear a.清澈[晰]的 vt.清除 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。
clear up (天气)转晴,澄清事实,整理收拾 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。
clear away 清除掉,去掉,消散 clear off 消除(积雪)等障碍,把...拆掉,擦掉,清除
come vi.到来; 变得; 到达 May I come in? 我能进来吗？
come across 偶然发现,偶然遇到
come on 快点(口),开始,到来,举行,走吧,一起去 Oh, come on now. 噢 别这样了。
come at 向...扑过来,向...袭击 7. We may come at another time.我们可以另找个时间来。
come down 倒下,(温度,价格)下降,病倒 come forward 涌现,主动地响应要求做某事
come in 进来,上市 And have you had an engineer come in to do an inspection? 你们可有一个工程师来做过检查吗
come from 来自于 I come from Japan. 我来自日本。 come out 出来,出发,结果 Did Mitchell Johnson's review come out yet? Mitchell Johnson的评论出来了没有 ?
come to 苏醒,总共,达到,得到谅解 When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你？
come up sb 走进 come up 种子生长发育,被提出 and I'll come up with something. 我会想出个办法的。
come to one's rescuers 帮助
come true 实现 I know, but it's still a dream come true. 我知道 但这终究是一个梦想实现了。
cut v.割,切,削减,切断 they cut patches 剪下布块
cut sth in half 把...砍成两半 cut away 切除 He cut away a dead branch.他砍掉一根枯干的树枝。
cut through 走近路,剌穿 cut down 砍倒,减少,压缩(开支)
cut off 切断(关系,来往）,中止(电话,思维) 3. He was cut off from his fellows.他和同伴失去联系。
cut out 删掉/改掉(恶习),停止 in a short cut 诀窍
do v.aux.助动词(无词意) What do you call this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？
do with 涉及到 What are you going to do with the books? 你打算拿这些书怎么办？
do up one's hair 盘起长发 do up sth 包/捆起来 do out 打扫,收拾
do away with =get rid of 废除,去掉,取消
die vi.死亡; 枯死; 熄灭 I will die before I'll eat that carrot. 如果要我吃胡萝卜,我宁愿去死。
dir from 因饥渴,战争,被污染的意外死亡 die off 因年老,疾病而死亡
die away 声音变弱,渐渐消失/停息,消失 die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火)
die out 熄灭,变弱,消失,灭绝(动物)
fall vi.落下;跌倒;陷落 to fall 坠下,掉下
fall a sleep 去睡觉=go to sleep fall ill 病了 335. Be careful not to fall ill． 注意不要生病了。
fall across 遇见(偶然) fall back 后退,后撤 fall behind 落后,跟不上
fall in 集合/陷入 29. The necessary outcome of a war is a fall in proction.战争带来的必然结果就是生产力下降。
fall into 陷入+名词 A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。
fall off 减少,从...摔下来 to fall off a bench 从长椅上掉下来 fall on 看到,落在...上面
fall short of 缺乏 fall out of 放弃
get vi.变得,成为;到达 When do you get up everyday? 每天你几点起床？
get about 到处走,消息的传开 Don't forget about the bet. 别忘了打赌的事。
get across 穿过,讲清楚使人了解,领会The children began to get across at each other. 孩子们开始争吵了。 get away 逃掉,离开,摆脱 1. I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就动身离开。
get down 从…下来,写下来,记下来,病了/使某人不安 It's time to get down to business now. 是进入正题的时候啦。
get along with sth 进展得 get along with sb 相处
get in 进去,进站,收进来,收帐 Yeah. Yeah. Let's get in our lines. 是啊 是啊。请排好位置。
get off 离开,下车 You can take the bus and get off at the second stop. 你可以坐公共汽车第二站下。
get on 上车 157. Don't get on my nerves!（不要搅得我心烦。）
get out 拔出,传开 I need to get out more. 我需要多出门去。
get over 克服(困难),从病中恢复过来,不接from Yes, I know, but he'll get over it. 是的 我知道 过一下就会好的。 get around =spread 传开
get through 完成,通过,用完,从人群中通过,接通电话 11. It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我们的海关检查只花了几分钟时间。
get to 到达,抓住问题的要害,本质 Excuse me, how can I get to the bus station? 对不起,汽车站怎么走？ get together 聚会,联欢 92. Let's get together one of these days.（找一天聚聚。）
get in a word 策划 get into trouble 陷入 get rid off 摆脱,去掉
give vt.给出,赋予,发生 If you have more, please give me some. 如果你有多的,请给我。
give away 分发,赠送,颁发,背叛,出卖,暴露 give in 屈服
give off 放出(气体,光) 15) Those flowers look pretty but don't give off a nice smell. 这些花看似漂亮,但是气味并不好。
give out 使人筋疲力尽 7) Some restaurants give out an odor that reaches to the street. 一些餐厅里面的气味飘到了街上。 odor 是指比 scent 更浓更清楚的味道。
give up 放弃,停止做某事 455. He resolved to give up smoking． 他决心戒烟。
give over 让位于=give way to被取代 give away to 被取代 give rise to 引起,导致From mutual understanding, a comfortable situation has been creation. 由于彼此的了解,因而建立了愉快的关系。create 除了"创造"以外,还有"give rise to, cause"的意思。
go vi.离开; 移动; 运行 I have to go now. 我必须走了。
go bad 变坏;变酸;腐败 go red 变红 go hungry 挨饿 go wrong 出错;发生故障
go about 随便走/进行 33. Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?请您告诉我怎样去联络律师？
go after 追赶 go ahead 说吧,走吧,做吧(口语),走在前面 Good.now we can go ahead and write up the order. 好极了,现在我们可以准备下单了。 go at 从事于
go beyond 超出 It can go beyond the school system, Ellen. 这可以推广到学校体制以外 Ellen。
go by =pass 经过,过去 76. He let a week go by before answering the letter.他一周以后才回信。
go down 下降 I'll go down to Henry's grocery. He's always open. 我到亨利杂货店去。那里总是开门营业的 go into 进入 Yes, you're right. After all, she is smart enough to go into business.是啊,你说的对。毕竟,她完全有经商才智。 go off 消失,腐败,坏的
go out (火)熄灭,过时了,罢工 Why not go out for a walk? 干吗不出去散步？
go over 复习,检查 to go over to the construction site with me? 去看一看建筑工地吗
go through 审阅/经历了(痛苦,困难),完成 Would you like to go through our factory some time? 什么时候来看看我们的工厂吧？
go up 提高,上涨(价格) I can go up to the lodge for some hot dogs and drinks. 我可以到那边小屋去弄些热狗和饮料来。rise up 起来反抗 He that lies down (sleeps) with dogs must rise up with fleas. 与恶人交终会变恶;近朱者赤,近墨者黑。
go around 分配,传播,传开 OK, let's go around the table. 好 让我们顺著桌子来。
go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事
go back to 追溯到… I'll work for 5 years and then go back to school. 我会工作五年,然后会学校。
go with 相配=match=go along with They had excepted me to go with them. 他们原本希望我和他们一起去。 go well with 协调 Salesgirl: Sure. We have both skirts and trousers that would go well with the sweater. Look to this section.女店员：当然。我们有裙子和长裤都可以配那件毛衣。看看这边。
go too far 太过分了,走太远了
hold vt.怀有,持有(见解等) No, the restaurant will hold our table. 不会 餐厅会保留我们的席位。
hold up 主持,耽搁,延误,继续下去,拿起
hold back 阻挡,忍住,保留,隐瞒 hold down 控制,镇压=put down
hold off 延误,保持距离,使"疏远"
hold on 坚持下去,停止,别挂(电话) He gave them to me to hold on to them 他给我戒指 要我自己保管
hold out 坚持到胜利,支持,维持,伸出 hold to 坚持某个看法（路线）,紧紧地抓住 OK, hold to the right. 好 在右边停住。
hunt vt.追猎;追赶 vi.打猎 He that will have a hare to breakfast must hunt overnight. 早餐想吃野兔肉,头晚就须去捕捉。 hunt for 寻找 hunt out 找出来 hunt throw 翻找
keep vt.保存,保持;留住 We keep in touch with each other by Email since he left China. 他离开中国以后,我们用Email保持联系。
keep to 坚持某种习惯,遵循,靠(左右) 8. In England traffic must keep to the left.在英国,车辆必须靠左行驶。 keep back 留在后面,阻止,忍住 keep down 控制,下降,缩减开支
keep off 避开,远离,让开 keep out 使其等在外面,不让进入
keep up 保持,维持,鼓足勇气 keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事
keep sth from sb 把某事瞒着某人 keep up with 跟上
knock vi.&vt.&n.敲,击,打 174. Why don't you knock it off? 为什么不把它关掉？
knock into sb 撞到某人身上;偶然遇到 knock sth down 降低价格,拆除,缩减开支
knock off 下班,停工,很快地写出文章 knock sb up 匆匆做饭,敲门把某人叫醒,使某人疲倦
knock at 敲(门) 6.Yhere was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.（有人敲门,那是那天晚上打扰我的第二个。） knock sb up 把某人叫醒
know vt.知道;认识;通晓 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？
know about 了解,知道情况 How much do you know about the works of George Eliot? 乔治•艾略特的作品你知道多少？ know of 听说,知道为什么 be know for sth 以...出名 as known to all 众所周知
lay vt.放,安排,铺设,覆盖 and lay them face down. 将牌盖住。
lay aside 放在…一边,积蓄 lay down 放下,制定计划 lay emphasis on sth 强调
lay down one's life for 为...献出生命 lay out 布置;设计 lay off 解雇
leave v.离开，留下
leave alone 不要管(某人),不要碰(某物)
leave behind 遗留,遗志 leave off (使)停止;中断
leave out 删掉,漏掉 leave over 剩下的,暂时不去解决的
lay in 积蓄,储蓄 36. We have to play inside because it is raining.因为天下雨,我们不得不在屋里玩。
let vt.容许,使得,假设 Rose, let me introce my friend to you. 罗斯,让我介绍一下我的朋友。
let alone 不要管,不碰,更不用说 let down 放下(窗帘),失望
let off 燃放鞭炮,放掉蒸汽,放过某人 let out 放掉气,发出响声,泄露
look v.看,期待 n.外观,神色 Yes, but you look as pretty now, as you did then. 但你看起来还是那么漂亮。 look after 照料 61. It's very noble of you to look after my old grandmother when I was out for business.你心地真好,在我出差期间照顾我年迈的外婆。
look at 看 May I have a look at the watch? 我能看看这块表吗？ look back 回顾
look in 顺便来访=drop in I don't know. You may look in the TV Guide. 我不知道,你可以看看《电视报》。 look into sth 调查,了解某事,浏览(书报) look on as 把...看作... look out 小心,当心,向外看
look around 到处看 Well ... you mind if I look around 嗯……你们不介意我到处瞧瞧
look over 审阅,翻阅 Yes, so we had better look over your specifications. 是的,所以我们最好先把您的规格说明细看一遍。look through 浏览,仔细地检查 look to 负责,留意 The more women look in their glass,the less they look to their house. 妇女照镜越多,照管家务就越少。
look up (从词典中)找出,天气转变,物价上涨,仰视 to look up 仰视 look up to sb 尊敬某人
look down on sb 轻视某人 look down upon sb 轻视某人
look forward 期待 I look forward to seeing you and Harry and Michelle. 我等著见 Harry和Michelle。
make n.(产品)来源 vt.制造 It's really hard to make a decision. 挺难做决定的。
make for 有助于,向…走过去 make out 辩认出,理解,开(写)支票,假装
make up 构成 I am old enough to make up my own mind. 我已经长大了,可以自己拿主意了。
make up for 补偿 make up of 由...组成 make phone of 嘲笑,和某人开玩笑
make the best of 充分利用 make certain 弄清楚
make up one's mind 决定,下决心 make up one's minds 决心,下决心
make tea 泡茶 801. She intends to make teaching her profession.她想以教书为职业。
make coffee 冲咖啡 make off 逃跑,匆匆离开
open a.开的;开放的 vt.开 Does the shop open at 9 am on weekdays? 这家店平日是早上9点开门吗？
open to the public 向公众开放The town gardens are open to the public from sunrise to the sunset daily.市立公园每天从早到晚对公众开放。
open traffic 通车 open into 门打开后通向 open to 道路通向 The road bridge is now open to traffic.这座公路桥现在开放通行。 open up 开垦 open fire on sb. 向某人开火 open out 打开,转开
pass v.通过 n.经过;通行证 Even if you take the exam again, you won't pass it. 就算再考一次你也通不过。 pass away 消磨(时间) to pass away 去世,死（委婉的说法）
pass by 从某人身边经过,过去 304. Don't let chances pass by． 不要让机遇从我们身边溜走。
pass off 消失,顺利地进行 pass for 冒充,假扮 pass on 传下去
pass through 经历 We don't like them to pass through here. 我们不希望汽车通过这里。
pick n.风镐;牙签 v.凿;摘 ;挑选I pick up my sister from her school. 我到学校接妹妹。
pick out 挑选,认出(某人),领会
pick up 捡起来,中途把某人装上车,恢复健康 I pick up my sister from her school. 我到学校接妹妹。
pull v.拖,拔, 扯 n.牵引 to pull a trailer 拖汽车房屋（电影中经常见到）
pull down 拆掉,推掉,使身体虚弱,使价格降低 pull off 脱衣帽 pull off a plan 实现计划
pull out 拔出,离开,度过难关,恢复健康 to pull out of the garage 从车库开车出来
pull throw 渡过难关,使从病中恢复过来 pull up 车子停下,拔起(树、草)
put v.放;移动;使穿过;写 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？
put away 放下,收起来,把…放在原位 595. He has a nice sum of money put away． 他存了一大笔钱。
put aside 把放在...留出(时间),备用
put back 放在原处,推迟,延期 52. When the others had gone, Mary remained and put back the furniture.当其他人走了之后,玛丽留下来,将家具放回原处。
put down 镇压,写下来 He put down his glass.他放下杯子。 put forward 提出,提前,提供
put in 提交,申请(+for) All is not gain that is put in the purse. 装进钱包里的不一定都是正当的收入。
put off 推迟,延期,打消,关上 71. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日毕。
put on 穿上,上演 put on a bit of makeup. 我化一点妆。 put through 接通电话
put out 扑灭,关灯,生产,出版 Far water does not put out near fire.远水救不了近火。
put up 张贴,留某人过夜,建造 if we can put up some collateral. 如果我们能提供担保物的话
put into proction 把...投入生产 put into use 投入使用 put one's heart into 全心全意投入
run v.(使)跑 n.赛跑;路线 He can run as fast as Jim. 他跑的和吉姆一样快。
run across 穿过(跪道),偶然遇到 run after 追赶 to run after the gentleman 追求绅士
run away 逃走,失去控制 to run away from his sister 从他姐姐那儿逃走（发生了什么事情？）
run down 身体虚弱,电用完了 run into sb 碰到某人
run for 竞选 Why shouldn't you run for what, Mom? 为什么 不该竞选什么 妈妈
run out 用完 Well, I suppose I've run out of excuses. 噢 我想我再也找不出籍口了。
run over 匆匆浏览 run through 穿过,匆匆看一下,做完 Let's just run through the arguments for and against. 我们来看一下赞成和反对的理由。
run a risk of =at the risk of 冒...险 run a fever 发烧 run short of 缺乏
see vt.看见;遇见;看出 Hello. Can I see Mr. Green? 你好,我能见格林先生吗？
see sb off 为某人送行,解雇 see into sth 调查,了解某事
see about 负责处理 5. I'll have to see about that.这事儿我得想一想再定。
see through 看穿某人 see sth through 进行到底 see to get that 务必要
send vt. vi.送,寄发;派遣 To make it fast, you can send a fax. 要想快点的话就发个传真。
send for 派某人去请,去叫某人 send off 发出,寄出
send sb off =see sb. off 为某人送行,解雇 send out 发出,发射 send in 交上去,递送
send on 转交 I can send one for you to try. 我们可以寄个给你试用。
set vi.(日,月)落,vt.放 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我们要上楼收拾一下爷爷的房间。 set about sth 着手做某事 set about doing sth 着手做某事 set out 出发,开始做某事,陈述 24. After several delays, he finally set out at 8 o'clock.几经耽搁,他终于在八点钟出发了。
set apart 分离,流出 set aside 流出,宣布…无效 In that case ,I'll have some set aside for you. 既然这么说,我会为你留一些下来。 set down 放下,写下 set off 出发
set up 建立 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我们要上楼收拾一下爷爷的房间。
set fire to 放火烧 set an example for 为某人树立榜样
start vi.跳起;出发;开始 What time do you start work? 你什么时候开始工作？
start from 从...开始 start with 就此开始 to schele one hour a week--to start with.安排一星期一个小时。 start in 开始 start after sb. 追赶上某人 start off 动身出发 start out 着手进行
start up 开工,突然站起来 at the very start 一开始
take vt.耗费(时间);需要 I used to take a walk in the early morning. 我过去常一大早出去散步。
take away 拿走,离开 20. I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday.我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。 take back 拿回来 take back one's words 收回(刚讲的话)
take A for B 把A误认为是B take in sth 接受 take in sb 欺骗
take off 起飞,取消 Before gold,even kings take off their hats. 在黄金面前,国王也要脱帽。
take on 呈现,承担 The U.S. will take one route, the Japan take other. 美国和日本采取不同的新路径。
take on sb 雇用 take up 占据(时间,地方),从事于
take pride in =be proud of 引以为豪 take turn 轮流 take in turn 依次
take pains to do 努力做某事 take a chance 碰运气
take a lead 带头 take effect 生效 take charge of 负责 take one's leave 告辞
think v.思考;认为;想起 Yes, I think so. 是的,我认为是。
think about 考虑,关心 What do you think about it? 你对此怎么看？
think of 想起,记得,觉得怎样 What do you think of their skill? 你觉得他们演奏技术如何？
think of as 把...当作... think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出,解决了,想清楚
think back to 回想过去 think well of 高度评价 think highly of 高度评价
throw v.投射;摔倒 n.投掷 to throw a plane 抛（纸）飞机
throw about 到处扔 throw away 扔掉,浪费(金钱),失去(机会)
throw back 扔回来,阻止,进攻 throw down 扔下来,推翻 within a stones throw off 靠...很近
throw in 扔,扔进 throw into 扔,扔进 throw in a word or two 插一两句话
throw off 匆忙地脱掉,摆脱,扔掉 throw off one's airs 放下某人的架子 throw on 匆忙穿上
throw out 赶走 Don't throw out the baby with the bath water. 切勿良莠不分一起抛。
throw light on 提供线索,有助理解某事 throw one's self into 投入 throw cold water 泼冷水
turn v.转向,旋转 n.轮流 Open your books and turn to page 20. 打开书,翻到第20页。
turn back 翻回到+to turn down 拒绝,音量调低
turn up 音量调高,出席 L: You can fill in this lost property report, and I'll keep my eye out for it. Those kinds of things usually turn up eventually, but I suggest you contact your embassy and tell them about your situation, so they can issue you a new passport in ca

B. english 第3人称代词

人称代词（Personal Pronoun）

定义

语法上对说话者、说话者的对手、以及所说及的人或事物所作的区分叫作人称（Person），而表达人称之区别的代词就叫作人称代词（Personal pronoun）。

人称共有下列三种：

（1）第一人称（First Person）：指说话者本身（包括个人及团体。）

（2）第二人称（Second Person）：指说话者的对方（包括个人及团体。）

（3）第三人称（Third Person）：指所说及的人或事物（包括个体或整体。）

人称代词在词形上没有复数的词尾变化，但是在数（Number）、性（Gender）、及格（Case）却有其各不相同的代表词，

A．人称代词的用法

（1）人称代词依其格的区分，用法如下：

（a）主格：作主语或主语补语。

例：I speak English better now.

（我现在英语讲得比较好了。——主语）

例：It is she who sings the best in my class.

（在我的班里歌唱得最好的就是她。——主语补语）

注：

① “It is I”与“It is me．”

传统文法以“It is I．”为正确，但是现代英语使用“It is me．”已很普遍，甚至于要说“It is I who…”也常改说“I am the one who…”，以避开“It is I…”。

② 第三人称单数为主语时，应注意与单数动词一致。

例：He does everything very carefully.

（他做事都很小心。）

例：She was not at the party yesterday.

（昨天她没有参加宴会。）

（b）所有格：表达对人、事物等的拥有或所有。

例：This is our school.

（这是我们的学校。）

例：He always did his best to help others.

（他总是会尽他的一切去帮助别人。）

注：“所有格代词+own”可表达自身的拥有或所有。

例：This is his own house（=This house is his own．）

（这是他自己的房子。——表示非租借的意思。）

（c）宾格：作直接宾语、间接宾语、宾语补语、介词的宾语。

例：We all know him.

（我们都认识他。——直接宾语）

例：The teacher asks us questions in class.

（老师在上课中都会问我们问题。——间接宾语）

例：The new teacher took Amy for me this morning.

（今天早上新到的老师把Amy错认是我。——宾语补语）

例：I sometimes go camping with them.

（我有时候和他们去露营。——介词的宾语）

注：

① 主语的比较皆使用主格。

例：Mary is older than he by two years.

（玛丽年岁比他大两岁。）

请注意下列例句的不同比较

例：I love you more than he （loves you）.

（我比他更爱你。）

I love you more than （I love） her.

（我爱你甚于爱她。）

② 作补语用的人称代词，其格与相关的名词或代词须一致。

例：I believe （that ） it was he who wrote that letter.

（我相信写了那封信的人是他。——“it”为主语）

Do you really believe it to be him？

（你真的相信是他吗？——“it”为宾语）

③ 两个以上的人称代词并列时，礼貌的表达次序是：

you and I/me

you, he/she, and I/me

he/she and I/me

you and he/she

例：You and I are to blame, not she.

（不对的是你和我，不是她。）

例：Would you and Mary like to come with us？

（你和玛丽要不要和我们一道来？）

例：She didn't know whether to ring you or me.

（她不知道是否该打个电话给你或我。）

（2）We, You, They的特别用法

（a）We

（i）总称：如中文的“我们，咱们”。

例：Indeed we want freedom, but we must obey laws.

（诚然我们要自由，但是我们必须服从法律。）

（ii）本地：指自己出生或所在的地方

例：We grow rice in Taiwan.

（台湾是生产稻米的。——说话者是台湾人，说话时人可能在台湾，亦有可能不在台湾。）

例：We don't have much rain here in autumn.

（本地秋天雨量不多。）

（b）You

指包括对方的一般大众。

例：Nowadays you young people don't marry so early as we did years ago.

（当今你们年轻人不像多年前的我们那样早婚。）

例：When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do.

（入乡随俗。——格言）

（c）They

（i）指有关人士、团体或政府当局等。

例：They always say the same words when an accident happens.

（一有意外事故发生他们总是说同样的话。）

（ii）其他地方：“We”（ii）的相反

例：They grow corn in those states.

（那几州是生产玉米的。）

（iii）They = People

例：They say that there will be a new war in the Middle East.

（=People say that…）

（=It is said that…）

（大家都说中东将会发生一场新的战争。）

B．“It”的用法

（1）指事物，人（不明性别或何人时），婴孩、动物（不提性别）或昆虫等。

例：“Where is my watch, dear?”

（我的手表在哪儿，亲爱的？）

“I saw it in your drawer last night．”

（昨晚我看到它在你的抽屉里。）

例：“Who is it?”

（是谁？——如敲门时，不明对方的性别或何人。）

“It's me, Peter．”

（是我，彼得。）

例：Mrs. Huang had a baby last night．It weighs 4 kilos.

（黄太太昨夜生了一个婴儿，体重达四公斤。）

例：What's that?

（那是什么？）

It's a silkworm.

（是蚕。）

（2）表达时间、日期、季节、天气、距离、环境等。

例：“What time is it?”—“It's five to twelve．”

（几点钟了？——现在是十一点五十五分。）

例：“What's the date?”—“It is the third of October．”

（今天几月几日？——今天是十月三日。）

例：It is very hot in summer.

（夏天的天气都是很热。）

例：How far is it from here to the station？

（这里到车站有多远？）

例：I like it here very much.

（我很喜欢这里的环境。）

（3）表达强调

句型It +be…+that（who）…

例：It was Paul that （who） broke the window.

（=Paul broke the window．）

（打破了窗的人是保罗。）

解说 “It… that…”是表达强调的正常句式，但是若强调点是“人”，则使用“It…who…”也很普通。本句式可用于一个句子中的任何强调点，例如：

例：Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

→It was Peter who met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

（昨天在戏院看到海伦和比尔的人是彼得。）

→It was Helen and Bill that Peter met at the theater yesterday.

（昨天彼得在戏院所遇见的人是海伦和比尔。）

→It was at the theater that Peter met Helen and Bill yesterday.

（昨天彼得遇见海伦和比尔的地点是戏院。）

→It was yesterday that Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater.

（彼得在戏院遇见海伦和比尔的时间是昨天。）

（4）形式主语

例：It is shameful the way he behaves himself before girls.

（他在女生面前的举止真叫人脸红。）

例：It is easy to find fault with others.

（批评别人是容易的。）

例：It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.

（你讲她的坏话是不对的。）

例：It is a great convenience living / to live in a big city.

（住在大城市里事事都方便。）

例：It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.

（她居然和农民结婚实在令人意想不到。）

解说 上面各例句都可以把“It”所代表的实际主语移到句首来，例如：

The way he behaves himself before girls is shameful.

To find fault with others is easy.

虽然如此，现代英语仍以“It…”较普通。

（5）形式宾语

例：I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination.

（我认为考试作弊是不对的。）

例：Don't you find it a waste of time watching television too much?

（你不觉得电视看得太多是浪费时间吗？）

例：I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days.

（我觉得杰克近日来会有这么多的钱可花费是一件奇怪的事。）

解说 本句式都用于有宾语补语的不完全及物动词的句子，“it”代表着宾语补语之后的实际宾语（不定式、动名词、或that-clause）。本句式的实际宾语不可以移入“it”的位置而把“it”省略。常可用本句式来表达的不完全及物动词有：

find（发现，觉得），think（想，觉得），believe（相信），consider（认为），make，take，etc.

（6）“it”可以代表前述的短语或句子

例：Don't let your children play with matches or lighters．It is dangerous.

（不要让你的小孩们玩火柴或打火机。那是危险的。）

例：“Jim can solve that puzzle．”

（吉姆能解答那个谜题。）

“I don't believe it．”

（我不相信。）

（7）“it”常作非人称动词的主语

例：It happened that I was there then.

（碰巧当时我也在场。）

例：It appears that he'll be elected.

（他像是会当选的样子。）

例：It occurred to me then that I had an appointment with her that evening.

（当时我突然想起来我本来和她在当天晚上有约会。）

C．独立所有格代词

定义：代词能独立表达对事物的拥有或所有，并在句子中扮其所代表的名词的功能者叫做独立所有格代词（Independent Possessive）

注：“its”几乎不作独立所有格使用。

用法

（1）代表前述或后述的名词

例：This is your umbrella and mine（=my umbrella）is the one in your hand.

（这一把是你的雨伞，我的是你手拿着的那一把。）

例：These are your balls, mine（=my balls）are those in that basket.

（这些是你的球，我的是在那个篮子里的那些。）

例：Ours（=Our car）is a sports car so it runs the fastest.

（我们的是一辆赛车，所以它跑得最快。）

解说 独立所有格可以作句子的主语、补语、宾语等使用，全为第三人称，其数则由它所代表的名词来决定（由上示各例可知）。

（2）代表对话内共知的事物

例：You eat yours，and I eat mine.

（你吃你的，我吃我的。——他们在吃什么？这自是对话者之间共知的事。）

（3）独立用法：

Yours truly（sincerely…）.

Sincerely（Truly…）yours.

这种用法都是书信结尾的客套语，等于中文的“……敬启”，只用于“yours”。

（4）of +独立所有格代词：双重所有表达法

例：He is an old friend of mine.

（他是我的一个老朋友。）

例：They are beautiful，those flowers of yours.

=Those flowers of yours are beautiful.

（你的这些花很美。）

（请参考第十五章，第六节，C3双重所有格。）

D．反身代词

定义：人称代词的宾格或所有格词尾加“-self，-selves”的代词称为反身代词（Reflexive Pronoun），亦称复合人称代词（Compound Personal Pronoun）。

用法

（1）反身用法：及物动词的宾语即为主语本身的用法叫作反身用法。

例A：The old man killed himself last night.

（那个老人昨夜自杀了。）

例B：We enjoyed ourselves very much at the party last night.

（昨夜我们在宴会中过得很愉快。）

例C：Help yourselves，please.

（请各位不要客气。）

解说 如各例句所示，各反身代词都是指其主语本身。这种用法有些已成为惯用表达法（例B），例如：

例：He absented himself from school this morning.

（他今天早晨缺席，没有到学校。）

例：She seated herself by the window.

（她拣了窗边的一个座位坐下来。）

例：I was late this morning because I overslept myself.

（今天早晨我迟到是因为我睡过头了。）

例：Don't overeat yourself，or you'll get sick.

（不要暴食，否则你会生病的）

例：They dressed themselves up quickly and left the house.

（他们匆匆地穿好衣服后就出去了。）

（2）作介词的宾语用：也是属于反身用法。

例A：The door opened of itself. (无外力干预,即"自动")

（门自动地开了。）

例B：I like to travel by myself. (无外人参加,即"独自")

（我喜欢独自旅行。）

例C：She was beside herself with grief. (脱离自我, 即"失常")

（她悲伤过度，神经失常了。）

（3）表达强调

例：I myself heard him say so yesterday.

（我昨天亲自听他这么说的。）

例：she did it herself．（=She herself did it．）

（她自己做的。）

例：The story itself is not interesting.

（故事本身并不令人感到有趣。）