英语四级常用连词副词短语
有关大学英语四级常用的语法精选
大学英语四级常用语法精选(12)
Ⅴ 连词
并列连词
表示意义的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor
表示选择: or, either…or
表示转折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可认为是副词)
表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence
从属连词
表示时间: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once
表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
表示条件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),
表示其他关系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that
Ⅵ 定语从句
限制和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraates.
在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定语从句的引导词
that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who, 有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that, 但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介词后只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which.. 当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的'，总体的
in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。
与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。
except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。
responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 与。。相反(相违背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(3)
动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(2)
短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的动词：
第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(1)
非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子(或者句子，短语)
当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。
独立主格的结构1：名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]
现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词，而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
独立主格的结构2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。
动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;
been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励
短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的动词：
第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
2016大学英语四级听力10大常考场景总结（4）
场景四：购物
1.采购衣服
必备词汇表
size 型号 come in all sizes 号全
2.采购电器
必备词汇表
model 款 discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技 rece 减少
;2. 璋佽兘甯鎴戞壘涓涓嬩竴浜涘壇璇嶇殑鑻辫璇嶇粍
1. 鍓璇嶇煭璇鏄鎸囩敱鍑犱釜鍓璇嶆垨鍓璇嶅強鍏朵慨楗版垚浠芥瀯鎴愮殑鐭璇銆
2. 涓や釜鎴栧氫釜鍓璇嶅彲浠ョ敱and,but绛夊苟鍒楄繛璇嶆瀯鎴愬壇璇嶇煭璇銆
I tried again and again.
鎴戣瘯浜嗕竴閬嶅張涓閬嶃
again and again鏄鍓璇嶇煭璇銆
She types quickly and correctly.
濂规墦瀛楀揩涓旀ｇ‘銆
3. 绋嬪害鍓璇嶄綔淇楗拌,鍙涓庡叾浠栧壇璇嶆瀯鎴愬壇璇嶇煭璇銆
He runs extremely fast.
浠栬窇寰楀揩鏋佷簡銆
extremely fast鏄鍓璇嶇煭璇銆
He can finish that much quicker.
浠栬兘浠ュ揩寰楀氱殑閫熷害瀹屾垚閭ｄ簨銆
much quicker鏄鍓璇嶇煭璇銆
The teacher speaks clearly enough.
鑰佸笀璇村緱澶熸竻妤氱殑銆
clearly enough鏄鍓璇嶇煭璇,enough蹇呴』鍦ㄦ墍淇楗扮殑鍓璇嶅悗闈㈠悗浣滀慨楗拌銆
4. 浠嬭瘝鍙婂叾瀹捐鍙涓庡壇璇嶈繛鐢,涓庡壇璇嶆瀯鎴愬壇璇嶇煭璇銆
He ran fast on his way home.
鍦ㄥ洖瀹剁殑璺涓婁粬璺戝緱寰堝揩銆
fast on his way home鏄鍓璇嶇煭璇銆
He speaks English slowly to his students.
浠栦互缂撴參鐨勯熷害瀵逛粬鐨勫︾敓浠璇磋嫳璇銆
slowly to his student鏄鍓璇嶇煭璇銆
5. 涓嶅畾寮忔垨涓嶅畾寮忕煭璇鍦ㄥ壇璇嶅悗浣滀慨楗拌,鍙涓庡壇璇嶆瀯鎴愬壇璇嶇煭璇銆
He is old enough to go to school.
浠栧勾榫勫熷ぇ,鑳戒笂瀛︿簡銆
涓嶅畾寮忕煭璇璽o go to school淇楗板壇璇峞nough,骞跺拰enough涓璧蜂綔鍓璇嶇煭璇銆
6. 鍚嶈瘝涓庡壇璇嶆瀯鎴愬壇璇嶇煭璇銆
He walks slowly along the road, hands backwards.
浠栬儗鐫鎵嬫部鐫璺鎱㈡參鍦拌蛋銆
hands backwards鏄鍓璇嶇煭璇銆
7. 鍓璇嶄笌琛ㄧず姣旇緝鐨勭粨鏋勫彲鏋勬垚鍓璇嶇煭璇銆
He drives as carefully as his wife.
浠栧紑杞﹀拰浠栫殑澶浜轰竴鏍峰皬蹇冦
as carefully as his wife鏄鍓璇嶇煭璇銆
3. 四级写作多个短句并列
1. 在英语中多个并列的句子使用什么连接词
连接词：
and 和、nor 不、but 但是、yet 然而、so 因而、hence从此、however 可是
then 然后、or 或者，否则、for 因为、as well as 也、nevertheless 然而
比较常用的并列连词有an、but、or、so
例句：Bob is a good student and a good child.
(3)英语四级常用连词副词短语扩展阅读
基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
so,and,or,,but， 等是比较常见的并列连词。
并列句是由至少两个的简单句连接成的。
例句：He speaks French, or perhaps he understands it.
翻译：他会说法语，或者可能他懂法语。
2. 求一些四级写作的万能句子,就是不管什么体裁都能写进去的句子~~
高尔基曾这样说过：“写文章，开头第一句是最难的，好像音乐里的定调一样，往往要费好长时间才能找到它。
因此，对于一篇文章来说，开头如何也决定了这篇文章的精彩程度，而四级作文的开头也同样重要。下面，我们来看一些精彩的四级段首句吧！ 1）关于……人们有不同的观点。
一些人认为…… There are differentopinions among people as to。Some people suggest that。
2）俗话说……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使今天，它在许多场合仍然使用。 There is an oldsaying。
It is the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in manycases even today. 3）现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。
更为糟糕的是……。 Today,。
,which havebrought a lot of harms in our daily life.First,。,Second,。
What makes thingsworse is that。. 4）现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外……。
Nowadays,it is commonto。.Many people like。
.because。.Besides,。
. 5）任何事物都是两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has twosides and 。.is not an exception.It has both advantages and disadvantages. 6）关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为……，在他们看来，…… People's opinions about。
vary from person to person.Some people say thatt。.To them,。
. 7）人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变的越来越严重。 Man is now facing a bigproblem。
.which is becoming more and more serious. 8）……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年轻人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 。
has become a hottopic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right ontheir way. 9）……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 。
has been playing anincreasingly important role in our daily life.It has brought us a lot ofbenefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10）根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条图形/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？ According to thefigure/number/statistics/percentages/ in the chart/bar graph/line/graph, it canbe seen that。
.Obviously,。,but why？最后，晨星成长计划希望大家在考场上充分发挥。
考研、留学，爱好培养可以找晨星申请3到30万的成长资金，详情登陆晨星成长计划官网查询。
3. 四级英语作文有哪些常用的短语
1。
随着经济的繁荣 with the booming of the economy 2。 随着人民生活水平的显著提高 with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard 3。
先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology 4。 为我们日常生活增添了情趣 add much spice / flavor to our daily life 5。
人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed that… 6。 我同意前者（后者）观点 I give my vote to the former / latter opinion。
7。 引起了广泛的公众关注 Sth。
has aroused wide public concern。 / Sth has drawn great public attention。
8。 不可否认 It is undeniable that… 9。
热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion / debate 10。 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11。
就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned,/ Personally, 12。 有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 13。
双方的论点 argument on both sides 14。 发挥日益重要作用 play an increasingly important role in… 15。
对…必不可少 be indispensable to … 16。 正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 17。
对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive / negative effects on… 18。 利远远大于弊 The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
19。 导致，引起 lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in 20。
复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon 21。 责任感/ 成就感 sense of responsibility / achievement 22。
竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation 23。 开阔眼界 widen one's horizon / broaden one's vision 24。
学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills 25。 经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden 26。
考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into consideration 27。 从另一个角度 from another perspective 28。
做出共同努力make joint efforts 29。 对…有益 be beneficial to / be concive to… 30。
为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society 31。 打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for… 32。
综合素质 comprehensive quality 33。 致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to… 34。
应当承认 Admittedly, 35。 不可推卸的义务 unshakable ty 36。
满足需求 satisfy / meet the needs of。
37。
可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information 38。 宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources 39。
因特网 the Internet （一定要由冠词，字母I 大写） 40。 方便快捷 convenient and efficient 41。
在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life 42。 环保的材料 environmentally friendly materials 43。
社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress 44。 大大方便了人们的生活 Sth。
has greatly facilitated people's lives。 45。
对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue 46。 在一定程度上 to some extent 47。
理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice 48。 …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of… 49。
日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly keen social competition 50。 眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest 51。
长远利益 long-tem interest 52。 …有其自身的优缺点 …has its own merits and demerits / pros and cons 53。
对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to 54。 交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas / emotions / information 55。
跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of… 56。 …的健康发展 the healthy development of… 57。
重视 attach great importance to… 58。 社会地位 social status 59。
把时间和精力放在…上 focus one's time and energy on… 60。 扩大知识面 expand one's scope of knowledge 61。
身心两方面 both physically and mentally 62。 有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to… 63。
导致很多问题 give rise to / lead to / spell various problems 64。 可以替代think的词believe,claim,maintain,argue,insist,hold the opinion / belief / view that 65。
缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress / burden 66。 优先考虑/发展… give (top)priority to sth。
67。 与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with 68。
可降解的/可分解的材料 degradable / decomposable material 69。 代替 replace / substitute / take the place of 70。
提供就业机会 offer job opportunities 71。 反映了社会进步的 mirror the social progress/advance 72。
增进相互了解 enhance / promote mutual understanding 73。 充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of 74。
承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure 75。 保障社会稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society 76。
更多地强调 put more emphasis on… 77。 适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the social development 78。
实现梦想 realize one's dream 79。 主要理由列举如下 The main / leading reasons are listed as follows: 80。
我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go。
4. 四级作文常用短语
be about to do 刚要，即将 be friends with 与。
友好 bear in mind 记住 bring into effect 实行；使生效 bring into operation 实施；使生效 can not help 禁不住，忍不住 carry into effect 施行；使生效 cast light on/upon 阐明，使了解 catch fire 着火，烧着 catch one"s breath 喘气，松口气；屏息 catch one"s eye 引人注目 catch sight of 看到，发现 come into effect 生效；实施 come into operation 施行，实行，生效 come to one"s senses 醒悟；苏醒 come true 实现 could not help 禁不住，忍不住 cut short 中断，打断 do one"s best 尽力，努力 enjoy oneself 过得快活 fall in love with 爱 上 find fault(with) 找岔 gain an advantage over 胜过，优于 get hold of 得到，获得 get rid of 丢弃，摆脱， get the best of 战胜 get the better of 战胜，占上风 get together 会面，装配 give rise to 引起，导致 give way 让路，让步 go ahead 开始，进行 go into effect 施行，实行，生效 go into operation 生效，实施 go wrong 出错，出故障 had better 应该 had rather 宁愿 had rather。than 宁愿。
而不愿。 have an advantage over 胜过，优于 have in mind 想到；记得；打算 have nothing to do with 和。
毫无关系 have(something/much/little)t o do with 和。（有些/有很大/没有什么）关系 help oneself 自用，自取 keep an eye on 留意，照看 keep in mind 记住 keep one"s head 保持镇静 keep one"s word 守信用 keep pace(with) （与。）
齐步前进 lead the way 引路，带路 learn by heart 记住，背诵 leave alone 不打扰，不干预 let alone 更别提，不打扰 let go (of) 放，松手 lose heart 失去勇气，丧失信心 lose one"s head 慌乱，仓皇失措 lose one"s temper 发脾气，发努 lose sight of 忘记，忽略；看不见 make a /the difference 有影响，起作用 make friends 交朋友 make fun of 取笑，嘲弄 make one"s way 去，前往 make sense 讲得通，言之有理 make sure 查明；务必 make the best of 充分利用 make the most of 充分利用 make up one"s mind 下决心，打定主意 make use of 使用，利用 make way 让路，让出地方 may as well 还不如，不妨 never mind 不要紧；不用担心 pay attention to 注意 piece together 拼合 play a part(in) 起作用，参于 put into effect 实施；使生效 put into operation 实施；使生效 put into practice 实施；实行 put to use 使用 see to it that 注意，务必，保证 see that 注意，务必，保证 set fire to 使燃烧，点燃 take。for 把。
认为是 take a chance 冒险，投机 take(a)delight in 以。为乐 take advantage of 利用，趁。
之机 take care 当心，注意 take care of 照顾，照料 take charge 管理，接管 take effect 生效，起作用 take into account 考虑 take for granted 认为。理所当然 take one"s time 不着急，不着慌 take pains 努力，尽力，下苦功 take part (in) 参加，参于 take place 发生，进行，举行 take the place of 代替，取代 take turns 依次，轮流 to throw light on 阐明，使了解 think better of 经考虑改变对。
的看法 try one"s best 尽力，努力 2. 形容词同介词的搭配 absent from 不在，缺席 abundant in 富于 alien to 与。相反 angry with sb at/about sth 生气，愤怒 anxious about/for 忧虑，担心 appropriate for/to 适当，合适 applicable to 适用于 apt at 聪明，善于 apt to 易于 ashamed of 羞愧，害臊 approximate to 近拟，接近 aware of 意识到 available to sb for sth 可用，可供 bare of 几乎没有，缺乏 bound for 开往。
capable of 能够 careful of/about/with； 小心，注意 certain of /about 确信，肯定 about/in doing characteristic of 特有，独特 clear of 没有，不接触 clever at 善于 close to 接近，亲近 comparable to/with 可比较 conscious of 察觉到，意识到 consequent on 随之而来 considerate towards 体谅，体贴 contemporary with 与。同时代 content with 满足于 contrary to 违反 counter to 与。
相反 crazy about 热衷，着迷 critical of 挑剔，批评 curious about 好奇，想知道 distinct from 种类（风格）不同 doubtful of /about 怀疑 east of 在。东面 equal to 相等，胜任 equivalent to 等于，相当于 essential to/for 必不可少 expert at/in/on 善于faithful to 忠实于familiar to sb 为。
所熟悉 familiar with sth 熟悉，通晓fatal to 致命的 favourable to 支持，赞成favourable for 有帮助的 fearful of 惧怕fit for 适于 foreign to 非。所原有。
5. 求英语四级作文的框架句和各种万能句
这是我考四六级的法宝，我用这些句子至少可以拿90分的作文，希望可以帮你忙吧！祝考试顺利！结尾万能公式 1. 结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。
也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that… 2. 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 写作的“七项基本原则” 一、长短句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。
而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！ 强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 二、主题句原则 国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。
否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！ To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 三、一二三原则 领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。
考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） 3)the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 10)for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） 建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！ 六、多变句式原则 1）加法（串联） 都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and， 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角） 批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。
所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so） 昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。
其实这个词表示的是先后或。
6. 英语四级作文常用短语有哪些
inquire about 询问，打听 inquire after 问起（某人）的健康情况 inquire for 询问（商店、地点等） for instance 例如，比如，举例说 instead of 代替；而不是… by instinct 凭（靠）本能 in the interest of 为了…的利益，为了 take interest in 对…感（产生）兴趣 interfere in 干涉，干预 interfere with 打扰（某人），妨碍 at intervals 不时；相隔一定的距离 at regular intervals 每隔一定时间（距离） as it is 事实上，既然如此 as it were 似乎，可以说是 by itself 自动地；单独地 in itself 本质上，就其本身而言 of itself 自行（到来） jet lag 时差反应 do a good job 好好干；干得好 join hands with 互相合作，携起手来 join in 参加（活动） join up 参军，入伍；联合起来 play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑 judging by 从…判断 jump at 急忙接受，立即抓住 jump off 开始，开始进攻 just about 差不多，几乎 just as 正象；正当…的时候 just the same 完全一样 do justice 公平对待；和…酷似 be keen about 喜爱，对…着迷 be keen on 喜爱；渴望 keep away 站开；使离开 keep back 留在后面；阻止；隐瞒 keep company with 和…交往 keep down 控制；压服；缩减开支 keep from 阻止；使免于；隐瞒 keep in mind 记住 keep off 避开；不让…接近 keep on 继续进行，反复地做 keep out of 躲开，（使）置身…之外 keep to 坚持；固守（习惯等） keep to oneself 保守秘密，不与人来往 keep under 压制；控制 keep up 继续；坚持，维持 keep up with 跟上，不落后 kill off 消灭，杀光 kind of （状语）有点儿，有几分 bend one's knee to 向…跪下，屈服于 drop to one's knees 跪下 fall on one's knees 跪下（请求等） knock down 撞倒；击落；拆除 knock off 把…敲掉；击倒；停工 knock out 敲空；（拳击中）击倒 know about 了解，知道…的情况 know better than 很懂得（而不至于） be known as 以…知名；被认为是 be known for 因…而众所周知 be known to 为…所知 labour along 缓慢而费力地前进 for lack of 因缺乏；因没有 have no lack of 不缺乏 at large 完全地；详尽地 at last 最终，终于 at the latest 最迟，至迟 early and late 从早到晚 no later than 不迟于… laugh at 因…而发笑；嘲笑 laugh off 用笑摆脱（困境等） laugh over 笑着谈论 launch out （船）下水；开始新事情 lay aside 把…放在一边；储存 lay down 放下；铺设（铁路） lay off 停止；（临时）解雇 lay out 花费；布置；摆开 lay over 涂，覆盖；压倒 lay up 贮存，储蓄；暂停使用 lead to 通向，导致；引起 lead up to 把…一直带领到；导致 take the lead 为首，领先 learn from 学习，向…学习 learn of 听到；获悉…的事 learn off 记熟，背下来 at least 至少，最低限度 in the least 一点（也不），丝毫（不） leave alone 不管，不理会；不打扰 leave behind 丢弃；留下；忘记携带 leave off （使）停止；停下来 leave out 忽略，遗漏；省略 take leave of 向…告别 at length 最后，终于 go to great lengths 竭尽全力 no less than 和…一样，不少于… 这只是一小部分，问问回答字符有限制的，我把网站给你，你可以去看看 。
4. 列举英语四级作文常用衔接词.比如说"相反地","进一步说","另外"什么的.带例句,范文更好
1) 先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards; following this; preceding this.
2) 因果关系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ； since； as； for； in that...； owing to； e to； for the reason that...； in view of； the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；...and so...； consequently；as a result； thus； hence； so；so that...； in consequence； as a consequence； accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.
3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of ；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of; yet...；and yet； but unless.
4) 并列关系： and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...
5) (补充)递进关系： furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not only...but also...； not...but...； in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically, next, besides； as far as... is concerned; moreover；in other words；along this line of consideration；on the one hand...，on the other hand...； even； as a poplar saying goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile； at the same time； accordingly； In the first place...，in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
6) 比较关系： similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact...; like...； likewise； similarly important； apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).
7) 对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to ； in contrast (to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from this；as opposed to this； nevertheless; contrary to； whereas； while；but on the other hand.
8) 举例关系:for example； for instance； in this case; namely； as you know； you may as／say； as he explains； like； such as； a case in point is...; consider...； in particular；including...；for one thing...，for another...；put it simply；stated roughly； as an illustration， I will say...； a good example (of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...； It is interesting to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)； as for; as regards； as to； according to; on this occasion.
9) 强调关系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important； in reality； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention...；believe it or not；undeniably; other thing being equal；it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...
10) 条件关系: if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once...；if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.
11) 归纳总结类： in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary； to conclude； the conclusion can be drawn that...; for this reason; in short.
12) 地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.
13) 目的关系：with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason.
14) 重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.
15) 结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.
16) 顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时).
17) 时间关系：at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously
写作模板:
辩论式议论文
模版1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版3
There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）. Some people are of the view that 观点1, while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1.
Furthermore, 论据2.
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3.
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点.
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
图表式作文
It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
提纲式作文
1． 对立观点式
A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？
B． 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？
C．我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2． 批驳观点式
A．一个错误观点。
B． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3． 社会问题（现象）式
A．一个社会问题或者现象。
B． 产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
E． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
英语四六级写作绝招
开头万能公式
1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言
有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！
原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？
经典句型：
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）
更多经典句型：
As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计
原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graation.
看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：
Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：
A recent statistics shows that …
结尾万能公式
1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论
说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：
Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！
更多过渡短语：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？
更多句型：
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
写作的“七项基本原则”
一、 长短句原则
工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！
强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、 主题句原则
国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！
特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一二三原则
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）
2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）
3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）
5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）
6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）
8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）
10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！
四、 短语优先原则
写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
I want it.
可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.
这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五、 多实少虚原则
原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：
走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room
小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room
小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room
老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room
所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！
六、 多变句式原则
1）加法（串联）
都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.
如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
其它的短语可以用：
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2）转折（拐弯抹角）
批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.
The coat was thin, but it was warm.
更多的短语：
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
3）因果（so, so, so）
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短语：
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）
有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。
举例：This is what I can do.
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：
When to go, Why he goes away…
5）附加（多此一举）
如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
6）排比（排山倒海句）
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （气势恢宏）
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！
七、 挑战极限原则
既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！
原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！
文章主体段落三大杀手锏
一、举实例
思维短路，举实例！提出一个观点，举实例！提出一个方案，举实例！而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式，任何情况下，只要我们无法继续文章，不管三七二十一，尽管举例子！
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.
更多句型：
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example
二、做比较
方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；
世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点（through comparison）和不同点（through contrast）。下面是一些短语：
相似的比较：
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
相反的比较：
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …
三、换言之
没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让你的文章在多一些字，或者文邹邹地说，是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。
实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you!
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.
或者上面我们举过的例子：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.
更多短语：
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply
四六级写作常见句型
（1）用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型
①As the graph depicts , …
②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that …
③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,
④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …
⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that …
（2）用于句首提出论题或现象的句型
①Recently , …has
5. 写英语作文时常用的连接词有哪些
英语作文常用连接词如下：
（1）表示承接的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，what's more, again，on top of that，another，first，second，third等。
（2）表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，graally，suddenly，finally··等。（但是你可以感受到这些词是副词，所以原词条对于“连接词”即连词是错误的）
（3）表示空间顺序的过渡词：near（to），far（from），in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right/left，around，outside等。
（4）表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等。
（5）表示转折的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，nevertheless，nonetheless，on the contrary，in spite of/ in spite of the fact that，even though，although，despite / despite the fact that等。
（6）一方面，另一方面：on the one hand，on the other hand，for one thing，for another等。
（7）表示结果和原因的过渡词：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，furthermore，otherwise等。（as a result ,therefore, thus并不是连词而是副词，所以经常是放句首，用逗号与后面句子隔开）
（8）表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that，in order to等。
（9）表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
（10）表示解释说明的过渡词：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually， for instance等。
拓展资料：
英语部分连接词例句：
1.They'll be here soon.Meanwhile we'll have some coffee.
他们即刻就到,我们现在先喝点咖啡。
2.In conclusion he wished us very success in our work.
总之，他希望我们在工作中取得成功。
3.The railroad connects two cities,namely,New York and Chicago.
这铁路联接两个城市,即纽约和芝加哥。
4.I got the permission e to the new policy.
因为新政策我得到了许可。
6. 大学英语四级语法副词知识
大学英语四级语法副词知识
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
一、副词的位置：
1) 在动词之前。
2) 在be动词、助动词之后。
3) 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、副词的排列顺序：
1) 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2) 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3) 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的.后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
兼有两种形式的副词
1)close与closely
close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2)late 与lately
late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?
3)deep与deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4)high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度，相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5)wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6)free与freely
free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
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