专有名词大学英语四级
先看题干,带着问题读文章
即先看试题,再读文章。阅读题干,掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调,作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。
速读全文,了解大意知主题
阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息,更谈不上运用英语。
英语四级考试要求考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
速读全文,了解大意知主题
阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息,更谈不上运用英语。
英语四级考试要求考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
❷ 大学英语四级词汇有哪些
east 东方的、eagerness 热心、eagle 鹰、ear 耳朵,听力、early 早等。
词汇解析
一、east英[iːst] 美[iːst]
adj.东方的
adv.向东方
n.东方;东部
1、east的基本意思是“东,东方”,指与西方相对的一个特定的方向,即日出的方向。
2、east可与介词at, in, on, to等搭配,表示“位于…的东方”。
3、east用作主语时一般用作专有名词,首字母常大写。
4、east用作形容词时的意思是“东方的,向东方的”,指某人或某事处于在东部或趋向于东方的状态。
5、east在句中只能用作定语,无比较级和最高级形式。
二、eagle
英['iːg(ə)l]美['igl]
n. 鹰;鹰状标饰
例:Shelookeddownat herViennesefanofeaglefeathers.
她的头低着,眼睛看着手中的威尼斯鹰羽扇。
三、eagerness
英['iːgənəs]
n. 渴望;热心
例:Hereagernessmovedallthepeople.
她的热心感动了所有的人。
四、ear
英[ɪə]美[ɪr]
n. 耳朵;穗;听觉;倾听
vi. (美俚)听见;抽穗
例:He whispered something in her ear.
他在她耳边低声说了些什么。
五、early
英['ɜːlɪ]美['ɝli]
adj. 早期的;早熟的
adv. 提早;在初期
例:I decided that I was going to take early retirement.
我决定了我将提早退休。
❸ 考四级英语应该怎样备考
对于很多大学生来说,英语四级考试是一个大难题,每次都拿不到高分,那应该怎样备考呢?就来给大家说说考四级英语应该怎样备考,一起来看看吧!
1. 基础优先,恶补基础
四级备考的成功因素是在于基础是否牢固。无论是基础好还是不好,都应注意对基础知识的复习。在许多学习方法中,纯粹地通过学习单词书和语法书是远远不够的,同时也要在真题语境中学习基础知识才行。
建议使用一些真题集来练习,学习单词和语法知识。一般的真题集都会有词汇解释、例句及句子讲解。因此基础不好的考生,可借用真题集来进行有效地巩固基础。
2. 利用真题,攻克听力
听力是四级所有题型中较难复习的,所以必须要重视听力的复习。可在网上下载历年真题听力,也可以访问一些网站观看视频以进行学习。此外,建议每天抽时间朗读真题材料,可以培养语感、
在听觉练习练得差不多的时候,就需要掌握某些做题技巧了。可以准备一些备考资料来学习相应的做题技巧。
3. 钻研技巧,破解阅读
阅读题型占分比例最大,亦是不容忽视。在掌握了扎实的基础知识后,理解和阅读就不是问题了。要注意的是能够读懂,不一定要做对题。为了提高正确率,还是要掌握一定的阅读技巧的。
建议先按照规定时间练习阅读真题,再对照答案解析。可以使用《四级真题/逐句精解》来学习每种问题类型的技巧。
这本书里面讲解得很详细,每一类题都会进行题干分析、正确答案特征分析、错误答案特征分析、命题规律和做题技巧的总结,最后还会举例巩固所学。只要好好钻研这些技巧,高分拿下阅读不是问题。
4. 反复练习,查漏补缺
建议考前再把真题再过一遍,对于真题中出现所有知识点,无论是词汇语法还是解题技巧,反复记忆、练习,把做真题过程中标记出来的错误之处重复记忆,查漏补缺。
❹ 大学英语四级常用的语法
有关大学英语四级常用的语法精选
大学英语四级常用语法精选(12)
Ⅴ 连词
并列连词
表示意义的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor
表示选择: or, either…or
表示转折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可认为是副词)
表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence
从属连词
表示时间: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once
表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
表示条件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),
表示其他关系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that
Ⅵ 定语从句
限制和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定语从句的先行词是专有名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraates.
在非限制性定语从句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定语从句的引导词
that, who, whom: 非限制性定语从句, 如果修饰人, 一般用who, 有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 如果关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that, 但在大多数情况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介词后只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which.. 当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数情况下都是省略的, 特别是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everything等词时):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。
6. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 总而言之;above all 首先,尤其是;after all 毕竟,终究;overall 全面的',总体的
in a word 总之,in short 简而言之,in conclusion 最后,总之,to sum up总之,总而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然,由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。
与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式:
now that 既然,由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。
except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 连接,附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。
responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的,抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 与。。相反(相违背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(3)
动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词:his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二点:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三点:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(2)
短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的动词:
第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。
形容词物主代词:his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二点:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用;
感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do
be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体);
give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。
I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。
注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三点:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大学英语四级语法指导(1)
非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语)
当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。
独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]
现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]
3. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。
动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;
been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了,与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励
短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)
句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。
1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;
to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的动词:
第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。
2016大学英语四级听力10大常考场景总结(4)
场景四:购物
1.采购衣服
必备词汇表
size 型号 come in all sizes 号全
2.采购电器
必备词汇表
model 款 discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技 rece 减少
;❺ “备战大学英语四级考试”用英语怎么说
翻译时你有两种选择:
完整规范的句字。I am / We are preparing for CET 4。
口头说法或短语。fighting / preparing for CET 4。
CET的全称是College English Test,后面回跟4就代表是四级。以答此类推,CET 6代表六级。
❻ 鑻辫鍥涚骇鑰冭瘯鎶宸у浘瑙h嫳璇鍥涚骇鑰冭瘯鎶宸т笌鏂规硶
鑻辫鍥涚骇鑰冭瘯鎶宸у浘瑙o紝鑻辫鍥涚骇鑰冭瘯鎶宸т笌鏂规硶寰堝氫汉杩樹笉鐭ラ亾锛岀幇鍦ㄨ╂垜浠涓璧锋潵鐪嬬湅鍚э紒
銆銆澶у﹁嫳璇鍥涚骇鑰冭瘯鎶宸х瘒1
銆銆1銆佷粠鍚鍔涘紑濮嬪惂锛屽惉鍔涘垎涓轰袱閮ㄥ垎锛岀煭瀵硅瘽鍜岄暱瀵硅瘽锛岀煭瀵硅瘽鏈変竴涓灏忔妧宸у氨鏄鍚鍒颁粈涔堜笉閫変粈涔堛傛瘮濡備竴涓瀵硅瘽(鐢ㄤ腑鏂囨墦姣旀柟鍚-銆-):浣犲癸紝鎴戝ぇ濮ㄥ堟病鏉ワ紝姘旀昏佸樹簡銆傞棶锛氳皝鏈鎷呭績 A濡笲澶уЖ濡圕鑰佸楧鐢锋湅鍙嬨傝繖鏄涓涓缃戜笂娴佷紶鐨勬悶绗戞靛瓙銆備絾鏄瀹炴垬寰堟湁鐢锛屼竴涓鑻辫瀵硅瘽閭d箞蹇锛屽惉涓嶅叏鎳備竴涓や釜鍗曡瘝杩樻槸鍚寰楁噦鐨勩傛墍浠ュ湪鍚鍔涘紑濮嬪墠涓瀹氳佺湅閫夐」锛屾妸鍏抽敭閫夐」鎵惧嚭鏉ョ壒鍒娉ㄦ剰鍦ㄥ硅瘽涓鏄鍚﹀嚭鐜般
銆銆2.闀垮硅瘽锛岄暱瀵硅瘽瑕佹眰瀵瑰硅瘽鐨勫唴瀹圭悊瑙o紝杩欐槸鑰冭瘯鐨勫垵琛凤紝鎵浠ュ硅冪敓瑕佹眰娌¢偅涔堥珮锛岃佹眰鑳芥噦瀵硅瘽銆傛墍浠ュ惉鍒颁粈涔堥変粈涔!!鍜屽墠闈涓鏍蜂竴瀹氳佹彁鍓嶇湅閫夐」锛岀壒鍒娉ㄦ剰浜哄悕銆佺敺浜鸿翠粈涔堬紝濂充汉璇翠粈涔堢劧鍚庡惉鍒板硅瘽鍑虹幇鐩存帴閫夛紝涓嶈佺姽璞!
銆銆3銆佹渶鍚庢槸鍚瀵硅瘽鍐欏崟璇嶅~绌猴紝杩欎釜閮ㄥ垎濉鍗曡瘝鐩稿圭畝鍗曪紝濉瀵硅瘽寰堥毦锛屽緢澶氫汉鍦ㄨ繖閲岀洿鎺ユ斁寮冦傛垜鍛婅瘔浣犵粷瀵逛笉瑕!涓瀹氳佸啓銆備竴鑸鏉ヨ村惉鍗曡瘝杩樻槸鐩稿圭畝鍗曚竴鐐癸紝濡傛灉鍗曡瘝閲忓熺殑璇濇病浠涔堥棶棰樸傚~鍙ュ瓙涓嶈佺潃鎬ュ啓锛岀涓閬嶅惉鍑烘剰鎬濇潵锛岄暱鍙ュ瓙涓鑸閮芥槸涓涓澶嶈瘯鍙ワ紝姣斿俰 love the girl which the taller one. which鍓嶉潰鐨勯兘姣旇緝濂藉惉锛屼絾涓嶈佸惉瀹屽氨鍐欙紝娉ㄦ剰which鍚庨潰鐨勬墠鏄闅剧偣銆傚惉瀹屾暣鍙ュ悗绔嬮┈鍐欎笅鍑犱釜鍏抽敭璇峫ove銆乼all.绛夌浜岄亶琛ヤ笂锛岃繖閮ㄥ垎涓嶈佹眰鍜屽師鏂囦竴鏍凤紝褰撶劧涓鏍锋渶濂藉氨鏄婊″垎鍚楋紝鍜嬩滑搴旇瘯锛岃佸緱灏辨槸杩囷紝鎵浠ュ啓瀵瑰ぇ姒傛剰鎬濆氨濂姐
銆銆1锛屽揩閫熼槄璇讳笉瑕佸幓鐪嬪師鏂囷紝鐩存帴浠庨樼洰閫夐」寮濮嬬湅銆傚師鏂囬偅涔堥暱锛岄偅鏄缁欏﹂湼鐪嬬殑锛屽簲璇曠殑璇濈洿鎺ョ湅閫夐」锛屾庝箞鐪嬪憿锛屽垎涓ゆワ紝
銆銆绗涓姝ワ紝鐪嬮樼洰锛屾妸棰樼洰涓鏄剧洰鐨勮瘝鎵惧嚭鏉ワ紝姣斿
銆銆what the Jack said mean, Jack杩欐牱鐨勪汉鍚嶅氨鏄绐佺牬鍙o紝杩樻槸澶у啓澶氭樉鐪间細鏂囦腑鐩存帴鎵惧ぇ鍐欑殑瀛楁瘝锛屽湪杩欎釜璇嶅墠鍚庢枃鐪嬪畾鏈夛紝绐佺牬鍙f湁寰堝氭瘮濡備汉鍚嶃佸湴鍚嶃佷竴浜涘疄璇嶅悕璇嶃佽繕鏈変笉璁よ瘑鐨勫崟璇(杩欎篃鏄寰堝ソ鐨勭獊鐮村彛锛屼笉瑕佷互涓轰笉璁よ瘑灏卞虫曪紝浜烘湰鑳藉逛笉璁よ瘑鐨勫崟璇嶆洿鍔犳敞鎰)銆傛牴鎹绐佺牬鍙e洖鍘熸枃鎵句篃鏈夊皬鎶宸э紝鍑洪樼殑鑰佸笀缁欐垜浠鐣欎簡鏉¤矾锛屽氨鏄棰樼洰椤哄簭涓瀹氭寜鐓у師鏂囧嚭鐜伴『搴忔壘锛屾墍浠ヨ繖棰樹綘鎵句笉鍒帮紝鐩存帴涓嬩竴棰橈紝鐒跺悗鍐嶄笅涓棰樹笂涓棰樹腑闂撮儴鍒嗘壘銆
銆銆2锛屽揩閫熼槄璇讳笉瑕佸幓鐪嬪師鏂囷紝鐩存帴浠庨樼洰閫夐」寮濮嬬湅銆傚師鏂囬偅涔堥暱锛岄偅鏄缁欏﹂湼鐪嬬殑锛屽簲璇曠殑璇濈洿鎺ョ湅閫夐」锛屾庝箞鐪嬪憿锛屽垎涓ゆワ紝
銆銆绗涓姝ワ紝鐪嬮樼洰锛屾妸棰樼洰涓鏄剧洰鐨勮瘝鎵惧嚭鏉ワ紝姣斿倃hat the Jack said mean, Jack杩欐牱鐨勪汉鍚嶅氨鏄绐佺牬鍙o紝杩樻槸澶у啓澶氭樉鐪间細鏂囦腑鐩存帴鎵惧ぇ鍐欑殑瀛楁瘝锛屽湪杩欎釜璇嶅墠鍚庢枃鐪嬪畾鏈夛紝绐佺牬鍙f湁寰堝氭瘮濡備汉鍚嶃佸湴鍚嶃佷竴浜涘疄璇嶅悕璇嶃佽繕鏈変笉璁よ瘑鐨勫崟璇(杩欎篃鏄寰堝ソ鐨勭獊鐮村彛锛屼笉瑕佷互涓轰笉璁よ瘑灏卞虫曪紝浜烘湰鑳藉逛笉璁よ瘑鐨勫崟璇嶆洿鍔犳敞鎰)銆傛牴鎹绐佺牬鍙e洖鍘熸枃鎵句篃鏈夊皬鎶宸э紝鍑洪樼殑鑰佸笀缁欐垜浠鐣欎簡鏉¤矾锛屽氨鏄棰樼洰椤哄簭涓瀹氭寜鐓у師鏂囧嚭鐜伴『搴忔壘锛屾墍浠ヨ繖棰樹綘鎵句笉鍒帮紝鐩存帴涓嬩竴棰橈紝鐒跺悗鍐嶄笅涓棰樹笂涓棰樹腑闂撮儴鍒嗘壘銆
銆銆绗浜屾ワ紝鐪嬮夐」锛岄夐」鏈夌殑鏄鍥涗釜鐩镐技锛屽氨鏄涓涓や釜鍗曡瘝鏈夊尯鍒锛屾牴鎹鍓嶉潰鎵惧埌鐨勭獊鐮村彛锛屽湪绐佺牬鍙e墠鍚庢枃鎵惧摢涓鏄瀵圭殑銆傚綋鐒讹紝鏈夌殑鏃跺欓夐」鐨勫叧閿璇嶄篃鏈夊彲鑳芥槸绐佺牬鍙o紝鎵浠ヤ竴瀹氳佸畬鎴愮湅棰樼洰鐨勭涓浜屾ヤ箣鍚庯紝涓璧峰洖鏂囦腑鎵惧摝~
銆銆2銆佸揩閫熼槄璇荤殑濉璇嶉儴鍒嗐傚~璇嶉儴鍒嗘渶绠鍗曪紝閮芥槸閫佸垎鐨勶紝鎵浠ュ憿濡傛灉鍙戠幇鑷宸辨椂闂翠笉澶熶簡璧跺揩鐚滃畬蹇閫熼槄璇荤殑閫夋嫨棰橈紝鐒跺悗鏉ユ壘濉璇嶅惂銆傚~璇嶇殑鍋氭硶鍜屽墠闈涓鏍凤紝鎵惧叧閿璇嶏紝鍥炴枃涓鎵俱傛敞鎰忕幇鍦ㄧ殑鍑洪樺緢璐憋紝鎵惧埌浜嗚兘涓嶈兘鐓ф妱瑕佹濊冧竴涓嬶紝涓鑸瑕佹眰鍙樺舰锛屾瘮濡傚彉鎴愯鍔ㄨ瘝锛屽彉鎴愬舰瀹硅瘝浠涔堢殑銆
銆銆浣滄枃鐨勮瘽鎬荤粨鎵鏈夋妧宸ф妧宸у氨鏄涓涓瀛椻滈獨鈥濓紝涓瀹氳侀獨锛屾庝箞楠氬憿锛屼笉瑕佺敤绠鍗曠殑璇嶅槢锛屽幓鎵炬壘涓浜涙ā鎷熼樼殑浣滄枃绛旀堢湅鐪嬶紝浠涔坱hink锛宭ike浠涔堢殑璇嶈繕鏄灏戠敤鐐广傜幇鍦ㄦ彁鍒嗘渶蹇鐨勫氨鏄鍘绘壘鍔ㄨ瘝锛屾潵鐪嬫垜杩欑牬鎶宸х殑涔熼兘鏄涓浜涜嫳璇鍜屾垜涓鏍锋偛鍓х殑瀛╁瓙锛屾墍浠ユ兂瑕佸叏鏂囬獨鏉ヤ笉鍙婁簡~浣嗘槸鍔ㄨ瘝鏄涓囬噾娌瑰晩銆傛墍浠ュ揩鍘昏儗涓鑳岄偅浜涢獨鐨勫姩璇嶅惂锛屽氨鏄涓嶈佸彛璇鍖栫殑璇嶏紝寰堣呯殑璇嶃傜劧鍚庡啓鏂囩珷鐨勬椂鍊欒嫳鏂囧瓧涓嶈佹眰澶氭紓浜锛屽啓骞插噣锛屾渶濂界殑骞插噣鐨勫姙娉曞氨鏄涓嶈佽繛绗斿啓鑻辨枃锛岃繖鏍蜂細骞插噣寰堝氾紝鐒跺悗鍦ㄤ綘濂戒笉瀹规槗鐢ㄤ笂鐨勯獨鐨勫崟璇嶏紝鍐欓噸锛屽啓澶с傝╄佸笀鐪嬭侊紝鍥犱负鏀瑰嵎鎴戜滑鐨勫嵎瀛愯佸笀灏辨槸30绉掑乏鍙虫壂瀹岋紝鍏ㄦ枃楠氾紝楂樺垎锛岃繖涔堝揩鐨勯獨锛岃╀粬鐪嬭佷竴涓や釜楠氭皵鍗佽冻鐨勮瘝锛屽垎灏辩敾鐢荤殑鏉ヤ簡銆
銆銆浣滄枃杩樻湁灏辨槸鑳屾ā鏉匡紝(濡傛灉鎯崇獊鐮550鍒嗚风粫閬),鑷宸卞ソ濂藉︼紝濡傛灉瑕佹眰杩囷紝鑰佽佸疄瀹炶儗妯℃澘銆傛ā鏉跨殑鏉ユ簮涔熸湁璁茬┒锛屽崈涓囦笉瑕佸幓搴﹀樷滆嫳璇鍏绾т綔鏂囨ā鏉库濓紝鐢ㄧ儌浜!澶鍦燂紝鑰佸笀涓澶╃湅10寮犲嵎瀛愬紑澶撮兘鏄閭f牱锛屼笉鍒ら浄鍚屽氨鏄鑰冭檻鍥芥儏锛屽垎鑳界粰灏变笉閿欎簡銆傛墍浠ュ憿寤鸿鍘绘壘涓浜涙ā鎷熼橈紝妯℃嫙棰橀兘浼氶檮甯︿綔鏂囨ā鏉匡紝褰撶劧妯℃嫙棰樹篃瑕佸彟绫讳竴鐐癸紝鏄熺伀浠涔堢殑涔扮殑浜哄お澶氫簡銆傚熀鏈涓婁綔鏂囬偅闆嗕腑鍛介樻柟娉曪紝璁璁轰竴涓浜嬶紝缁欎竴涓姝e弽瑙傜偣璇磋翠綘锛岀粰浣犱竴涓鐜拌薄浣犳潵鍒嗘瀽鍒嗘瀽銆傛棤闈炶繖鍑犵嶃傝
銆銆妯℃澘鐨勮瘽锛屽紑澶寸粨灏捐侀獨锛屼腑闂存佃惤锛屾瘮濡傝浆鎶橈紝姣斿傞檲杩拌嚜宸辫傜偣锛屾瘮濡傛荤粨锛屾瘮濡傝〃绀鸿禐鎴愶紝琛ㄧず鍙嶅癸紝姣斿傝寸悊涔熻佸幓琚妯℃澘锛岃侀獨璧锋潵!
銆銆鎺ヤ笅鏉ヨ繘鍏ラ槄璇伙紝闃呰伙紝鍒嗗紑璁插惂锛岀涓绡囧拰鏈鍚庡嚑绡囥傝繖閲屽厛鎻愬嚑鐐规荤殑锛屾垜浠鍒氬垰浠庣敓姝绘椂閫熺殑蹇閫熼槄璇讳綔鏂囧惉鍔涘嚭鏉ワ紝鍒颁簡杩欐椂闂翠互涓鸿繕寰堝氾紝涓!!!蹇椹鍔犻灜锛屼笉瑕佷互涓鸿嚜宸辨椂闂村熴傛墍浠ラ槄璇婚兘鏄涓涓娉曞瓙锛岀洿鎺ョ湅棰樼洰!!!!
銆銆绗涓绡囨槸濉鍙ュ瓙锛屽彞瀛愰棶绛旓紝杩欓噷娌℃湁浠涔堢壒鍒鐨勬妧宸у氨鏄鐪嬮樼洰锛屾壘绐佺牬鍙o紝鍥炲師鏂囷紝鍦ㄧ獊鐮村彛鍓嶅悗鎵炬枃绔狅紝澶ч儴鍒嗘椂鍊欑洿鎺ユ妱涓婏紝鏈夋椂鍊欒佸彉褰锛屽傛灉鍩虹瀹炲湪宸鐨勮瘽灏辩洿鎺ユ妱涓婁篃鏄浼氱粰鍒嗙殑銆
銆銆鍚庨潰鍑犵瘒锛岃繕鏄鍜屽揩閫熼槄璇诲樊涓嶅氱殑鏂规硶锛屼絾鏄杩欓噷鐨勪粩缁嗛槄璇昏佹眰鏇撮珮锛屾墍浠ュ畾浣嶅埌鍘熸枃涔嬪悗鎵惧埌鍙ュ瓙涓嶈佸お婵鍔锛岃佸啀璇讳竴閬嶉樼洰鍜屾壘鍒扮殑鍙ュ瓙锛屽洖鍛充竴涓嬫湁鏈ㄦ湁闄烽槺銆傛瘮濡傞樼洰闂浠庢煇鍙ヨ瘽鏆楃ず浠涔堬紝鎴栬呬粠鏂囦腑鎴戜滑鍙浠ユ帹鍑轰粈涔堢粨璁猴紝杩欑嶉樼洰浠栧氨鐘璐辩粰浣犱竴涓や釜鐜版垚鐨勯夐」锛屼笉鑳介夛紝鎴戜滑瑕佹壘鏆楃ず鐨勶紝鎵浠ヨ侀夊拰鏂囦腑鎰忔濅竴鏍蜂絾鏄瑕佹帹鐞嗗緱鍑虹殑閫夐」銆
銆銆瀹屽瀷涔熸湁灏忔妧宸э紝褰撶劧涓嶆槸鍙鐪嬮樼洰锛岀湅棰樼洰灏辨槸浠栫湅浣犱綘鐪嬩粬銆 鎴戠殑鍔炴硶鏄锛屽厛蹇閫熺湅涓閬嶅ぇ姒傚湪鎵浠涔堬紝杩欓亶涓嶈佸お浠旂粏锛屽綋鐒舵椂闂翠笉澶熺洿鎺ヨ烦杩囨ゆャ
銆銆鐒跺悗灏辨槸鐪嬫枃绔犲归樼洰锛屼笉瑕佺潃鎬ヤ笅瀹氳猴紝浣犵櫨鍒嗙櫨纭瀹氬氨鍧氬喅閫変笂銆傚傛灉涓嶇‘瀹氱殑璇濓紝鐩镐俊涔熻兘鎺掗櫎涓涓や釜閫夐」锛屽墿涓嬬殑婊戜笅鏉ワ紝鍋氫釜璁板彿锛屽線鍚庣湅锛屽悗闈㈡湁鎯婂枩锛屽嚭棰樹汉鐨勮繖浜涙枃绔犺偗瀹氫笉鏄鑷宸卞啓鐨勶紝澶
銆銆閮芥槸涓浜涘栧浗鐨勬潅蹇楁姤绾镐笂鎽樹笅鏉ョ殑锛屾墍浠ユ枃绔犺偗瀹氭湁婕忔礊锛岀湡鑳界粰浣犳崱鏉ュ緢澶氬垎銆傛粦涓嬭板彿鍚庯紝寰鍚庣湅锛岀湅鍒版湁涓鏍风殑浜嗗惂锛岃蛋浣狅紝灏辨槸閫変綘浜嗭紝鍑洪樿佸笀杩橲B杩樻兂鐜╂垜~鍝堝搱銆傚逛簬瑕佷綘閫変粈涔坅t锛宨n锛宱n浠涔堢殑锛岃嚜宸变笉鐭ラ亾灏遍潬璇鎰熷惂锛岃繖涓鐪熸槸铏愬績鐨勩
銆銆鏈鍚庢槸缈昏瘧鍙ュ瓙锛 杩欎釜鎶宸у氨鏄锛屼綘瑕佸啓瀹!琚閫煎埌鐪婰Z鐨勮繖涓鐮存妧宸х殑瀛╁瓙锛屾櫘閬嶅埌杩欓噷鍩烘湰娌′粈涔堟椂闂翠簡!!鎵浠ヨ刀蹇鎶婇夐」缁欐秱浜嗭紝涓嶇劧涓囨伓鐨勭洃鑰冭佸笀瑕佹敹鍗峰瓙浜!!!!
銆銆娑傚畬鍥炶繃澶存潵锛屼綘涔熸贰瀹氫笉涓嬫潵浜嗭紝杩樹粈涔堟妧宸э紝鍏堝啓瀹岋紝涓嶈屽氨鐩磋瘧锛岀敤鏈绠鍗曠殑鍗曡瘝锛屾渶绠鍗曠殑鍙ュ瀷锛屼綘鎰忔濊〃杈惧逛簡杩樿兘涓嶇粰鍒嗭紝鍙鏄澶氬皯鐨勯棶棰!
銆銆濡傛灉瑕佽ょ湡鍋氳繖鍧楃殑璇濓紝杩欑嶉樼洰灏卞垎涓ょ嶉樺瀷锛屼竴绉嶆槸鍗曡瘝鐜╂讳綘!涓绉嶆槸鍙ュ瀷鐜╂讳綘!杩欎釜澶氬仛棰樼洰锛屽線骞寸殑鐪熼橀兘瑕佸仛锛屾ā鎷熼樺仛涓鐐癸紝鎬荤粨鎬荤粨鎵炬壘璇鎰燂紝灏監K鍟︺
銆銆绁濆悰濂借繍銆
銆銆澶у﹁嫳璇鍥涚骇鑰冭瘯鎶宸х瘒2
銆銆蹇閫熼槄璇绘妧宸(绗涓绡)
銆銆15鍒嗛挓鍋氬畬锛屽厛鐪嬪皬鏍囬(鍏堝彧鐪2-3涓锛屽氫簡涔熻颁笉浣)锛屽啀閫氳繃1-7 灏忛樼殑棰樺共鐨勫悕璇嶃佸姩璇嶆壘鍑哄師鍙ユ潵鍋氾紝
銆銆鐗瑰埆娉ㄦ剰锛
銆銆鍋氶橀『搴忥紝鍏堢湅鏂囩珷鏍囬橈紝鐩村埌鏂囩珷涓昏佸唴瀹癸紝鐒跺悗鐪嬬涓灏忛橈紝鍦ㄥ皬棰橀儴鍒嗙殑瀹氫綅璇嶅厛鍦堝嚭鏉ワ紝鍐嶅洖鍘熸枃鎵俱傛壘鍒扮涓灏忛樺悗锛屽啀鐪嬬浜屽皬棰樸傜湅涓涓棰橈紝鍋氫竴涓;涓嶈佹妸鏂囩珷鐪嬪畬鍐嶅仛棰橈紝鎴栭樼湅瀹屽啀璇绘枃绔犮
銆銆鐗瑰埆娉ㄦ剰锛氭瘮杈冨规槗瀹氫綅鐨勮瘝鏄锛
銆銆A. 涓嶈兘鐢ㄤ腑蹇冩濇兂璇嶅畾浣嶏紝鍥犱负鏁寸瘒鏂囩珷閮借寸殑鏄瀹冦
銆銆B. 鏃堕棿銆佹暟瀛椼佸湴鐐广佸ぇ鍐欏瓧姣嶇殑鍗曡瘝瀹规槗瀹氫綅銆
銆銆C. 姣旇緝闀匡紝闅剧殑鍚嶈瘝瀹规槗瀹氫綅锛屽ソ鎵俱
銆銆D. 瀹氫綅璇嶆壘2-3涓灏辫岋紝澶氫簡涔熻颁笉浣忋傛渶濂芥槸浣嶇疆涓嶅悓鐨勪袱涓璇嶃
銆銆涓鑸鍒ゆ柇N鍜孨G鐨勬爣鍑嗗備笅:
銆銆NO棰: (l)淇℃伅涓庡師鏂囩浉鍙 (2)灏嗗師鏂囦俊鎭寮犲啝鏉庢埓
銆銆(3)灏嗗師鏂囦腑涓嶇‘瀹氱殑鎴栨湭缁忚瘉瀹炵殑鍐呭逛綔涓烘g‘鐨勬垨瀹㈣傜殑鏉ヨ〃杩
銆銆(4)鏀瑰彉鍘熸枃鐨勬潯浠躲佽寖鍥淬侀戠巼銆佸彲鑳芥х瓑
銆銆NG棰: (l)鏃犱腑鐢熸湁 (2)浠ヤ釜鍒浠f浛鏁翠綋锛屽嵆灏嗗師鏂囨墍涓句緥瀛愮殑鐗规畩鐜拌薄鎺ㄥ箍涓烘櫘閬嶇幇璞
銆銆(3)闅忔剰姣旇緝鍘熸枃涓鎻愬埌鐨勪袱涓浜嬬墿 (4)灏嗗師鏂囧叿浣撳寲锛屽嵆棰樼洰涓娑夊強鐨勮寖鍥村皬浜庡師鏂囨秹鍙婄殑鑼冨洿
銆銆(5)鍘熸枃涓浣滆呮垨鏌愪釜浜虹墿鐨勭洰鏍囥佺洰鐨勩佹効鏈涖佽獡瑷绛夊唴瀹癸紝鍦ㄩ樼洰涓浣滀负瀹㈣備簨瀹為檲杩
銆銆蹇閫熼槄璇绘妧宸(绗浜岀瘒)
銆銆瑙e喅鍔炴硶锛氭帉鎻℃g‘鐨勯槄璇绘柟娉
銆銆鑰冪敓骞虫椂闃呰讳竴鑸浼氶噰鍙栦袱绉嶉槄璇绘柟娉曘備竴绉嶆槸鍏堢湅鏂囩珷鍚庣湅闂棰;鍙︿竴绉嶆槸鍏堢湅闂棰橈紝甯︾潃闂棰樿绘枃绔犮傞偅涔堢┒绔熷摢涓绉嶆柟娉曟瘮杈冨ソ鍛?绗旇呰や负杩樻槸鍏堢湅闂棰樺悗璇绘枃绔犳瘮杈冨ソ銆傚師鍥犲湪浜庯紝鍏堢湅闂棰橈紝浣犲彲浠ョ啛鎮夊嚭棰樹汉鐨勫嚭棰樿掑害銆傚苟涓旀湁棰樺共锛屼綘鍙浠ュ垝鍑洪樺共鐨勫叧閿璇嶏紝鍏堢湅闂棰樺悗鍒婃枃绔犵殑濂藉勫氨鍦ㄤ簬锛屽彲浠ラ氳繃闂棰樺厛鎶婁笂杩扳滄牳蹇冭瘝鈥濆湪鍘熸枃涓鍒掑嚭锛岀劧鍚庡啀璇绘枃绔犵殑杩囩▼涓锛屼竴鏃︾嫭鍒帮紝娉ㄦ剰鍘嗗彶楂樺害闆嗕腑鐨勶紝杩欐牱鏈夊姪浜庢彁楂樺仛棰樼殑鍑嗙‘鎬с傜敱姝ゅ緱鍑烘g‘鐨勯槄璇绘柟娉曞氨鏄鈥滀簲姝ラ槄璇绘硶鈥濓細
銆銆绗涓姝ワ紝鎵鎻忛樺共鎶撳叧閿銆
銆銆鍗抽栧厛鐪嬮夐」锛屽垝鍑洪樺共涓鐨勭殑鍏抽敭璇嶃傞樺共鍏抽敭璇嶅寘鎷锛氭暟瀛椼佷汉鍚嶅湴鍚嶃佷笓鏈夊悕璇嶃佸紩鍙烽噷鐨勮瘝璇绛夌瓑銆
銆銆绗浜屾ワ紝蹇閫熸祻瑙堝叏鏂囷紝鎶婃彙鏂囩珷涓绘棬澶ф剰鏍囬噸鐐广
銆銆鍗冲揩閫熸祻瑙堟枃绔犮傚湪蹇閫熸祻瑙堟枃绔犵殑鏃跺欙紝涓嶉渶瑕佹瘡涓涓鍗曡瘝鍜屽彞瀛愰兘璇诲緱鎳傦紝娌℃湁鏃堕棿涔熸病鏈夎繖涓蹇呰併傚湪绗浜屾ョ殑杩囩▼涓锛岃冪敓浠鎵瑕佸仛鐨勫氨鏄棣栧厛寮勬竻妤氳繖绡囨枃绔犵殑涓蹇冩濇兂鏄浠涔;鍏舵★紝鐢ㄧ瑪鍦ㄨ瘯鍗蜂笂闈㈡爣璁板嚭鑰冭瘯瑕佽冪殑閲嶇偣銆傞偅涔堝緢澶氳冪敓灏变細闂锛屽備綍鎶婃彙鏂囩珷鐨勪富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忥紝濡備綍鏍囪版枃绔犵殑閲嶇偣鍛? 棣栧厛锛屾妸鎻℃枃绔犵殑涓绘棬澶ф剰銆
銆銆瑕佽В鍐宠繖涓闂棰橈紝闇瑕佸垎涓ゆヨ蛋銆傜涓姝ワ紝浠旂粏闃呰绘枃绔犵殑棣栨湯娈电殑棣栨湯鍙ャ傚洜涓鸿嫳璇鏂囩珷娈佃惤缁撴瀯涓婇潰鎴戝凡缁忚茶繃銆傛ゅ栵紝瑗挎柟浜鸿磋瘽鍚戞潵鍠滄㈠紑闂ㄨ佸北銆傛墍浠ヨ嫳璇鏂囩珷娈佃惤70%閮芥槸涓涓婃潵浜ゅ緟浣滆呯殑鍐欎綔鐩鐨勬垨鎰忓浘銆傜浜屾ワ紝瑕佷粩缁嗛槄璇诲叾浠栦釜娈佃惤鐨勯栧彞銆傜劧鍚庢妸杩欎袱姝ョ患鍚堣捣鏉ワ紝鑻辫鏂囩珷鐨勪富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忓氨鍙浠ユ妸鎻′綇銆傚叾娆★紝濡備綍鏍囨敞鏂囩珷鐨勯噸鐐广
銆銆鑻辫鏂囩珷鐨勯噸鐐逛富瑕佹湁浠ヤ笅鍑犵偣锛
銆銆1.寮鸿浆鎶橈細閫氬父鐢扁渂ut, yet, however鈥濆紩瀵笺傚洜涓鸿浆鎶樼殑浣滅敤涓鑸鏉ヨ存槸瀵瑰墠闈㈢殑鍚﹀畾锛屽瑰悗闈㈢殑鑲瀹氾紝鍥犳よ浆鎶樿瘝鍚庨潰寮曞肩殑鎴愬垎寰寰鏄鍑洪樹汉瀹规槗鍑洪樼殑鍦版柟銆傜壒鍒鏄鍦ㄦ枃绔犱腑鍑虹幇but銆
銆銆2.姣旇緝澶勶細閫氬父褰㈠紡涓衡渕ore/less---than---鈥濄傛瘮杈冪殑浣滅敤鍦ㄤ簬閫氳繃姣旇緝绐佸嚭鏌愪竴鐐广傛瘮濡俶ore A than B鐨勭粨鏋勪腑锛屽緢鏄剧劧鏄寮鸿皟A锛岄偅涔堣冪敓鐩存帴鍦ˋ澶勫垝绾匡紝閲嶇偣鍏虫敞A灏卞彲浠ヤ簡銆備互姝ょ被鎺锛宭ess A than B锛屽緢鏄剧劧鏄寮鸿皟B锛岄偅涔堝氨鐩存帴鍦˙澶勫寲绾裤傚畠浠鏄鍑洪樹汉鍠滄㈠嚭棰樼殑鍦版柟銆
銆銆3.涓绘棬鍙ャ佷富棰樺彞銆傝繖涓や釜姒傚康鍦ㄤ笂闈㈠啓浣滈儴鍒嗘垜宸茬粡璁茶繃銆傚洜涓轰粬浠鏄楂樺害姒傛嫭鎬х殑鍙ュ瓙锛岀洿鎺ュ弽鏄犲嚭浣滆呯殑鍐欎綔鐩鐨勫拰鎰忓浘锛屽洜姝や篃鏄鍑洪樹汉鐨勫嚭棰樼偣銆
銆銆鍙﹀栬繕鏈夊洜鏋滃彞銆佺壒娈婁互鏂囧叿銆佺嫭绔嬫垚娈靛彞銆侀暱闅惧彞涔冭嚦鐗规畩鏍囩偣绗﹀彿绛夛紝閮芥槸闇瑕佽冪敓鍦ㄧ涓閬嶉槄璇绘椂鍊欙紝瑕佸垝鍑虹殑閲嶇偣銆
銆銆绗涓夋ワ紝瀹氫綅鍘熸枃瑙e墫鍙ュ瓙銆
銆銆灏辨槸鍦ㄨ诲畬涓閬嶆枃绔犵殑鍩虹涓婏紝鍐嶇湅涓閬嶉棶棰樸傚甫鐫棰樺共涓鐨勫叧閿璇嶈繀閫熷洖鍘熸枃瀹氫綅锛屽嵆鎵惧嚭杩欎釜闂棰樺嚭鐜板湪鍘熸枃鐨勭鍑犳电鍑犺屻傞渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑涓鐐癸紝鍥涚骇鍑洪橀『搴忕敱浜庢槸楂樺害涓鑷达紝鎵浠ヤ竴瀹氳佸湪鏂囩珷褰撲腑鎵惧埌鍑哄勩傝稿氳冪敓鐢变簬鎵句笉鍒板嚭澶勶紝鍙鑳芥槸鍑绗涓閬嶇殑鍗拌薄鍘荤寽绛旀堬紝寰堟樉鐒跺仛棰樺噯纭鎬т竴瀹氫笉楂樸
銆銆绗鍥涙ワ紝姣旇緝閫夐」瀹氱瓟妗堛
銆銆鍦ㄨ绘噦鏂囩珷鍙ュ瓙鐨勫熀纭涓婏紝鐒跺悗鍐嶆″洖鍒伴棶棰樹笂鏉ャ傜湅涓涓婣BCD鍥涗釜閫夐」鍝涓涓浜庡師鏂囦腑鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鐩稿瑰簲鐨勩傚綋鐒跺湪杩欎釜姣旇緝绛涢夎繃绋嬩腑锛屽緢澶氬悓瀛﹀線寰浼氭帓闄や竴鍒颁袱涓閫夐」锛屽墿涓嬬殑涓や釜閫夐」灏卞勪簬鐘硅鲍闃舵碉紝鑷宸卞緢闅惧彇鑸嶃傝繖鍦ㄤ笅闈㈢殑濡備綍鎻愰珮鍋氶樺噯纭鐜囦腑璁插埌銆
銆銆绗浜旀ワ紝涓绘棬鎬佸害鏈鍚庡仛銆
銆銆鎵璋撲富鏃ㄦ佸害鏈鍚庡仛灏辨槸锛屽傛灉鍦ㄤ簲涓闂棰樹腑锛岀涓涓闂棰樺氨闂浣狅紝鏂囩珷鐨勪腑蹇冩濇兂銆佷綔鑰呯殑鍐欎綔鎰忓浘鎴栬呭仛杩欎簺杩欑瘒鏂囩珷鐨勬佸害鏄浠涔堛傝繖鏃跺欒冪敓鍙浠ュ厛鏀捐繃鍘汇傚洜涓鸿冪敓闃呰荤涓閬嶆枃绔犵殑鏃跺欙紝鍙鏄鎺屾彙浣忔枃绔犵矖鏋濆ぇ鍙讹紝杩欐椂鍊欏规枃绔犺繕娌℃湁褰㈡垚涓涓姣旇緝鍏ㄩ潰鍦颁簡瑙c傚洜姝ゅ彲浠ュ厛鏀捐繃鍘诲厛鍋氬叾浠栧洓涓闂棰橈紝寰呭仛瀹屽叾浠栧洓涓闂棰樼殑鏃跺欏啀鍘讳綔涓绘棬棰樻垨鏄鎬佸害棰橈紝杩欐牱鍑嗙‘鐜囧氨姣旇緝楂樹竴浜涖傚崈涓囦笉瑕佸皬鐪嬭繖涓鍙樺寲銆傝繖绫婚樼洰浣滃圭殑姝g‘涓庡惁鏈夊彲鑳界洿鎺ュ喅瀹氱潃鍏朵粬鍥涗釜閫夐」鐨勬g‘鐜囥
銆銆浠旂粏闃呰婚儴鍒嗚В棰樻寚鍗
銆銆绗涓閮ㄥ垎閫夋嫨棰樺瀷鐨勭瘒绔犻槄璇荤悊瑙
銆銆鍒ゅ畾鏂囩珷涓婚樻妧宸
銆銆鏈夌殑鑰冪敓璁や负鍙瑕佷笉鑰冧富鏃ㄩ橈紝灏辨病蹇呰佷簡瑙f枃绔犵殑涓绘棬銆傚叾瀹炶繖鏄涓绉嶅緢鐙闅樼殑閿欒璁よ瘑锛屽洜涓哄嵆浣夸笉鑰冧富棰橀樺瀷锛屽湪浠讳綍棰樺瀷褰撲腑锛屽傛灉浣犳劅瑙夊緢鑼鐒讹紝鎵句笉鍒颁换浣曞畾浣嶄俊鎭鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浣犳墍鑳芥姄浣忓敮涓鐨勶紝鏈鍚庝竴鏍规晳鍛界ɑ鑽夊氨鏄鏂囩珷鐨勪富棰橈紝棰樼洰鍋氬氫簡锛屼綘灏变細鍙戠幇鍝涓閫夐」鍜屾枃绔犵殑涓婚樿秺鏄鎺ヨ繎锛屽氨瓒婃槸姝g‘绛旀堬紝鎵浠ヨ兘鍚﹀垽瀹氫竴绡囨枃绔犵殑涓婚樺逛簬瑙i樻槸鑷冲叧閲嶈佺殑銆備笅闈㈠氨瀵绘壘鏂囩珷鐨勪富棰樿皥涓浜涙妧宸с
銆銆1)璇绘枃绔犳椂閲嶇偣鍏虫敞鏂囩珷鐨勯栨靛拰棣栨湯鍙ャ傛寜鐓цタ鏂逛汉涔犳儻鎬х殑鎬濈淮鏂瑰紡鍜屽啓浣滀範鎯锛屼粬浠鎯鐢ㄧ殑鏄婕旂粠娉曪細鍗虫枃绔犱竴寮濮嬪厛鎵斿嚭鑷宸辩殑鏍稿績瑙傜偣锛岀劧鍚庡叿浣撲竴姝ユヨ鸿瘉銆傛牴鎹鎴戠殑缁熻★紝姣忎竴娈电殑绗涓鍙ャ佺浜屽彞鍜屾渶鍚庝竴鍙ヨ瘽涓烘湰娈电殑涓婚樺彞鐨勬傜巼鍒嗗埆涓50%銆20%銆20%锛屼笁鍙ヨ瘽鎴愪负涓婚樺彞鐨勬傜巼瓒呰繃涔濇垚锛屽綋鐒朵篃灏辨垚涓烘垜浠闃呰荤殑閲嶄腑涔嬮噸銆
銆銆2)鍏虫敞涓绡囨枃绔犳垨鑰呬竴娈佃瘽涓鏈夋病鏈夐噸澶嶅嚭鐜扮殑璇嶆垨璇嶇粍銆佹湁娌℃湁榛戜綋瀛楁垨鑰呮槸鏂滀綋瀛椼傚傛灉鏈夛紝閫氬父杩欏氨鏄鏂囩珷鐨勬牳蹇冩傚康
銆銆3)闂鍙ヤ笉浼氭槸涓婚樺彞銆傞棶鍙ラ氬父浣滀负杩囨浮鎴栬呮槸寮曞瓙锛屽洜姝ゅ簲璇ュ拷鐣ワ紝鐪熸g殑涓婚樺簲璇ユ槸杩欎釜闂棰樼殑绛旀堛
銆銆4)鍏虫敞涓浜涜〃寰佸己杞鎶樺叧绯荤殑杩炶瘝锛屽傗渂ut, yet, however, in fact, indeed, practically, virtually鈥濈瓑锛岃繖浜涜瘝鍚庨潰杩炴帴鐨勯氬父閮芥槸涓娈佃瘽鐨勪富棰樺彞銆
銆銆5)鍏虫敞涓浜涜〃寰佹荤粨鎬э紝缁撹烘х殑璇嶏紝濡傗渋n brief/short, above/in/after/all in all, conclusion, to sum鈥濈瓑锛岃繖浜涜瘝鍚庨潰杩炴帴鐨勯氬父涔熼兘鏄涓娈佃瘽鐨勪富棰樺彞銆
銆銆6)濡傛灉涓婚樺彞鍚鏈塻how鍜宻uggest绛夎瘝锛岄噸鐐圭湅鍏跺悗鐨勫捐浠庡彞銆
銆銆7)鎺屾彙涓浜涜瘝缁勫己璋冪殑閲嶇偣锛屽傗渘ot only, but also ***, *** as well as , more *** than , less , than *** (***涓哄己璋冪殑閲嶇偣)鈥濄
銆銆绗浜岄儴鍒嗙瘒绔犲眰娆$殑璇嶆眹鐞嗚В(Banked Cloze)
銆銆杩欐槸涓绉嶆柊棰樺瀷锛屽逛簬浼楀氳冪敓鑰岃█锛屾棦闄岀敓鍙堟湁涓瀹氱殑闅惧害锛屽叿鏈夎緝寮虹殑鍖哄垎搴︺備粠鏍烽樼湅锛孊anked Cloze鑰冧竴绡囬暱搴︿负220涓鍗曡瘝宸﹀彸鐨勬枃绔狅紝鍦ㄦ枃绔犲綋涓鍘婚櫎浜10涓鍗曡瘝锛屽悗闈㈡湁15涓鍗曡瘝閫夐」锛岃佹眰鑰冪敓閫夋嫨姝g‘鐨勫崟璇嶅~鍏ユ枃绔犮傝ラ儴鍒嗘祴璇曢噸鐐瑰湪浜庢妸鎻℃枃绔犵殑缁撴瀯锛屼富瑕佽冨療鑰冪敓瀵硅稿傝繛璐鎬с佷竴鑷存с侀昏緫鑱旂郴绛夎绡囥佽娈垫暣浣撶壒寰佷互鍙婂崟璇嶅湪瀹為檯璇澧冧腑鐨勭悊瑙o紝鍗宠佹眰鑰冪敓鍦ㄧ悊瑙e叏鏂囩殑鍩虹涓婂紕娓
銆銆鏂囩珷鐨勫畯瑙傜粨鏋勫拰鍏蜂綋缁嗗寲鍒版瘡涓鍗曡瘝鐨勫井瑙傜悊瑙c傛柊棰樺瀷鍜屽師鏈鐨勮瘝姹囬樼浉姣旓紝鏇存敞閲嶅疄闄呰繍鐢锛屼粠鍗曚竴鐨勪竴鍙ヨ瘽鑰冨療涓婂崌鍒扮瘒绔犵殑鐞嗚В銆
銆銆瑙i樻ラ
銆銆1)璺宠诲叏鏂囷紝鎶撲綇涓蹇
銆銆棣栧厛鑰冪敓搴旇ヨ烦璇诲叏鏂囷紝鏍规嵁棣栨靛師鍒欎互鍙婇栨湯鍙ュ師鍒欙紝杩呴熸姄鍑烘枃绔犵殑涓婚樸傚垽瀹氭枃绔犱富棰樺逛簬绡囩珷鐨勬暣浣撴妸鎻″叿鏈夊緢澶х殑绉鏋佹剰涔夈
銆銆2)闃呰婚夐」锛岃瘝鎬у垎绫
銆銆鎺ョ潃鎴戜滑瑕佷粩缁嗛槄璇婚夐」銆傚洜涓洪夐」缁欐垜浠鐨勪粎浠呮槸涓涓鍗曡瘝锛岃岄潪鍙ュ瓙鎴栬呰娈碉紝鎵浠ヨ冭瘯闅惧害灏卞ぇ澶т笅闄嶄簡銆傛垜浠搴旇ユ牴鎹璇嶆ф妸姣忎釜鍗曡瘝杩涜屽垎绫诲綊绾炽傚傚悕璇嶃佸姩璇嶃佸舰瀹硅瘝銆佸壇璇嶃佷粙璇嶃佽繛璇嶅悇鏈夊嚑涓閫夐」銆
銆銆3)鐬诲墠椤惧悗锛岀伒娲婚夋嫨
銆銆鐒跺悗鎴戜滑鍦ㄩ夋嫨鏃讹紝鍙浠ユ牴鎹绌烘牸涓搴斿~鍏ョ殑璇嶆э紝澶уぇ缂╁皬閫夋嫨鑼冨洿銆傛牴鎹涓婁笅鏂囩殑鍐呭湪閫昏緫缁撴瀯閫夋嫨鍚堥傜殑閫夐」濉绌恒
銆銆4)澶嶈诲叏鏂囷紝璋ㄦ厧璋冩暣
銆銆濉绌哄畬鎴愬悗锛屽啀娆″嶈诲叏鏂囷紝鑷鎴戞劅瑙変笂涓嬫枃鏄鍚﹂氶『銆佸唴鍦ㄩ昏緫鍏崇郴鏄鍚﹁繛璐銆傚傛湁闂棰橈紝涔熼渶瑕佽皑鎱庣殑寰浣滆皟鏁淬
銆銆瑙i樻妧宸
銆銆1)鍒ゅ畾璇嶆ф椂鍙浠ラ噸鐐瑰垎鏋愬姩璇嶇殑鏃舵侊紝鍗冲摢鍑犱釜鏄涓鑸鏃讹紝鍝鍑犱釜鏄杩囧幓鏃跺張鎴栬呮槸杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝銆傚洜涓烘牴鎹鏍烽橈紝瀹冨硅冪敓涓嶅仛閫夐」鏀瑰啓瑕佹眰锛屾墍浠ユ垜浠鍙浠ユ牴鎹涓婁笅鏂囨椂鎬佸瑰簲鐨勫師鍒欙紝缁欒嚜宸辫繘涓姝ョ缉灏忛夋嫨鑼冨洿銆
銆銆2)濡傛灉閫夐」涓鍑虹幇鎸囦唬璇嶆椂锛屽線寰璇ラ夐」涓嶈兘鏀惧湪棣栧彞锛岃佹敞鎰忔寚浠f垚绔嬬殑鏉′欢銆
銆銆3)濡傛灉閫夐」涓鍑虹幇涓缁勫弽涔夎瘝鏃讹紝寰寰鏈変竴涓鏄骞叉壈閫夐」锛屽畠娉ㄩ噸鑰冨療鐨勬槸瀵逛簬鏂囩珷妗嗘灦缁撴瀯鐨勭悊瑙o紝瑕佹眰鑰冪敓鐞嗚В鏁寸瘒鏂囩珷鐨'璇澧冭壊褰┿
銆銆4)濡傛灉閫夐」涓鍑虹幇涓缁勮繎涔夎瘝鏃讹紝寰寰涔熸湁涓涓鏄骞叉壈閫夐」锛屽畠娉ㄩ噸鑰冨療鐨勬槸璇嶆眹鐨勭簿纭鐞嗚В锛岃佹眰鑰冪敓鍒嗘瀽娓呮氬叾缁嗗井鐨勫尯鍒銆
銆銆5)濡傛灉閫夐」涓鸿繛璇嶆椂锛岃佸叧娉ㄤ笂涓嬪彞鍐呭湪鐨勯昏緫鍏崇郴銆傚父瑙佺殑閫昏緫鍏崇郴鏈夛細鍥犳灉锛屽苟鍒楀钩琛岋紝閫掕繘锛屽己瀵规瘮锛屽墠鍚庢剰鎬濅竴鑷寸瓑銆
銆銆6)瑕佹湁鎬讳綋瑙傦紝涓嶅繀鎸夐『搴忎綔棰樸傚厛鎶婅嚜宸辨渶鏈夋妸鎻$殑璇嶉夊嚭锛岀劧鍚庡垹闄よラ夐」锛屼负鍚冧笉鍑嗙殑閫夐」缂╁皬閫夋嫨鑼冨洿銆
銆銆瀹屽舰濉绌哄簲鑰冩妧宸
銆銆1.鍒╃敤鏂囩珷涓蹇冧富棰樺彞瑙i樻柟娉曞埄鐢ㄦ甸栧彞鎴栭栨垫渶澶ч檺搴﹀湴鑾峰彇淇℃伅銆
銆銆涓虹粰瀛︾敓鐞嗚В鏂囩珷濂犲畾鍩虹锛屼娇瀛︾敓鏇存槗浜庣悊瑙f枃绔犲唴瀹癸紝鍑洪樿呭湪璁捐″畬褰㈠~绌鸿瘯棰樻椂锛屾绘槸淇濈暀涓涓瀹屾暣鐨勩佹垨鏄澶у崐涓瀹屾暣鐨勮〃杈句富鏃ㄧ殑鍙ュ瓙銆傚ぇ瀹剁煡閬擄紝鏂囩珷鐨勫紑澶村緢閲嶈侊紝寰寰寮瀹楁槑涔夌偣鍑烘枃绔犱富棰樸傚洜姝わ紝鏁寸瘒鏂囩珷鐨勬彁绀哄彞寰寰鍦ㄥ紑澶淬傝冪敓搴斿厖鍒嗗埄鐢ㄦ甸栧彞鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭锛屽幓鎸栨帢鏂囩珷鐨勬濊矾锛屽绘壘鏂囩珷鐨勮剦缁滀笌绾跨储銆
銆銆2.鍒嗘瀽璁よ瘑鏂囩珷缁撴瀯锛岀悊瑙i嗕細鏂囩珷鍚勯儴鍒嗐佸悇灞傛′箣闂寸殑閫昏緫鍏崇郴銆
銆銆鍙鏈夋槑鐧芥枃绔犵粨鏋勶紝浜嗚В鍚勬佃惤涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯伙紝鎵嶈兘鍔犳繁瀵规枃绔犵殑鐞嗚В銆傛槑鐧戒簡鍚勯儴鍒嗘槸濡備綍涓鸿〃鐜颁富棰樻濇兂鏈嶅姟鐨勶紝涔熷氨鏇村规槗鎶婃彙甯︾┖鐨勫彞瀛愭墍闇瑕佺殑鏄浠涔堝唴瀹癸紝鍥犳ゅ氨鏇村规槗閫夊噯绛旀堜簡銆傝繖瑕佹眰鑰冪敓鍏锋湁鎵庡疄鐨勮嫳璇璇嶇粍銆佺煭璇銆佷範鎯鐢ㄦ硶绛夎嫳璇鎼閰嶇殑鐭ヨ瘑锛岃繖瀵逛簬鐞嗚В鏂囩珷鐨勯昏緫鍏崇郴鐗瑰埆鏈夊埄銆傛枃绔犵殑閫昏緫鍏崇郴涓嶅栦箮鍒椾妇銆佸師鍥犮佺粨鏋溿佽╂ャ佸圭収銆佽ˉ鍏呫佺洰鐨勩佹潯浠剁瓑鍏崇郴銆
銆銆琛ㄧず鍒椾妇鐨勮繛璇嶏細first second thirdfirstly secondly thirdly first next then in the first place in the second place for one thing for another thingto begin with to conclude 琛ㄧず鍘熷洜鐨勮繛璇嶏細because since as now that
銆銆琛ㄧず缁撴灉鐨勮繛璇嶏細so therefore thus hence accordingly consequently as a result
銆銆琛ㄧず璁╂ュ拰杞鎶樼殑杩炶瘝锛歨owever nevertheless nonetheless still though yet in spite of at any rate in any case whoever whatever
銆銆琛ㄧず瀵圭収鐨勮繛璇嶏細on the contrary in contrast by contrast in comparison by comparison conversely
銆銆琛ㄧず琛ュ厖鐨勮繛璇嶏細also further furthermore likewise similarly moreover in addition what鈥檚 more too either neither notbut not onlybut also
銆銆琛ㄧず鏃堕棿椤哄簭鐨勮繛璇嶏細when while as after before since until as soon as once
銆銆琛ㄧず鐩鐨勭殑杩炶瘝锛歵hat so that in order that lest for fear that
銆銆琛ㄧず鏉′欢鐨勮繛璇嶏細if suppose (that) supposing (that) unless in case so (as) long as so far as on condition (that) provided (that) providing (that)
銆銆3.鍒╃敤涓婁笅鏂囧绘壘瑙i樹俊鎭
銆銆鐢变簬瀹屽舰濉绌虹殑鏂囩珷鏄涓涓鎰忎箟鐩稿叧鑱旂殑璇绡囷紝鍥寸粫涓涓璇濋樿鸿堪锛屽洜姝ゅ湪琛屾枃涓璇嶈鐨勯噸澶嶃佹浛浠c佸嶇幇鍜屽悓鐜扮幇璞℃槸涓嶅彲閬垮厤鐨勩傛牴鎹杩欎釜鍘熷垯锛屾煇涓涓绌烘牸鎵瀵瑰簲鐨勭瓟妗堝緢鍙鑳藉氨鏄鍦ㄤ笂涓嬫枃涓澶嶇幇鎴栧悓鐜扮殑鐩稿叧璇嶏紝鑰冪敓鍙浠ユ牴鎹杩欎簺璇嶄箣闂寸殑鏈夋満鑱旂郴鏉ョ‘瀹氱瓟妗堛傛墍浠ワ紝瑙i樻椂搴旇仈绯讳笂涓嬫枃瀵绘壘鐩稿叧绾跨储锛屽傛煇涓涓璇嶇殑鍘熻瘝銆佹寚浠h瘝銆佸悓涔夎瘝銆佽繎涔夎瘝銆佷笂涔夎瘝銆佷笅涔夎瘝鍜屾傛嫭璇嶇瓑銆備絾鐢变簬鎴戜滑鍦ㄥ仛棰樻椂涓嶅彲鑳芥绘槸閲嶅嶅湴闃呰绘枃绔狅紝鍥犳わ紝鍦ㄥ仛瀹屽舰濉绌烘椂瑕佸煿鍏讳竴绉嶆崟鎹夊苟璁板繂鐩稿叧淇℃伅鐨勮兘鍔涖
銆銆4.杩愮敤璇嶆眹銆佽娉曠瓑鏂归潰鐨勮瑷鐭ヨ瘑鍙婃惌閰嶅叧绯昏В棰樻柟娉
銆銆鍋氶樻椂搴旀敞鎰忔枃绔犱腑鐨勬惌閰嶏細
銆銆鈽嗛昏緫鎼閰嶏細鍖呮嫭杩囨浮璇嶃佽繛鎺ユ墜娈点佹寚浠e叧绯汇佽偗瀹氥佸惁瀹氱瓑;
銆銆鈽嗚涔夋惌閰嶏細鍖呮嫭鍖哄埆鍚屼箟璇嶃佽繎涔夎瘝銆佸弽涔夎瘝銆佸舰杩戝紓涔夎瘝銆佸悓褰㈠紓涔夎瘝;
銆銆鈽嗙粨鏋勬惌閰嶏細鎸囧悕璇嶃佸姩璇嶃佸舰瀹硅瘝绛夊湪鍙ヤ腑鎴栨枃涓涓庡叾浠栬瘝鐨勬惌閰;
銆銆鈽嗘儻鐢ㄦ惌閰嶏細鍗抽氬父鎵璇寸殑鍥哄畾鐭璇銆
銆銆5.杩愮敤鎺掗櫎娉曡В棰樻柟娉
銆銆濡傛灉涓嶈兘寰堟湁鎶婃彙鍦扮洿鎺ョ湅鍑烘煇涓閬撻樼殑绛旀堬紝鍙浠ユ妸鎺掗櫎娉曞拰璇嶆眹銆佽娉曞垎鏋愮粨鍚堣捣鏉ヨ繍鐢锛屼粠鑰岀缉灏忛夋嫨鐨勮寖鍥达紝鎻愰珮绛旈樺噯纭鐜囥傝繖绉嶆儏鍐垫湁浠ヤ笅鍑犵嶏細
銆銆鈽嗕粠鏃舵併佽鎬併佽姘斻佸悕璇嶇殑鏁扮瓑鍚勪釜瑙掑害鍒嗘瀽鎵濉鍐呭规槸鍚︿笌涓婁笅鏂囦竴鑷达紝浠庤屾帓闄や竴浜涘囬夌瓟妗堬紝缂╁皬閫夋嫨鑼冨洿;
銆銆鈽嗗垎鏋愮┖鐧藉勪笌鍓嶅悗璇嶄箣闂寸殑璇涔夊叧鑱斻佹惌閰嶅叧绯伙紝浠庤屾帓闄や竴浜涢夐」;
銆銆鈽嗗紕娓呮氳ラ樼殑鍙ユ硶鍏崇郴锛屽垎鏋愪竴涓嬪畠鏄绠鍗曞彞銆佸苟鍒楀彞锛岃繕鏄澶嶅悎鍙;
銆銆鈽嗗垽鏂鎵濉鐨勫唴瀹瑰湪鍙ヤ腑鍏呭綋浠涔堟垚鍒嗭紝搴旀槸浠涔堣瘝鎬э紝骞跺垎鏋愬囬夌瓟妗堜箣闂寸殑寮傚悓锛屼粠鑰屾帓闄ゅ共鎵伴」閫夊嚭姝g‘绛旀堛
銆銆6.杩愮敤鑳屾櫙鐭ヨ瘑鍜岀ぞ浼氬父璇嗚В棰樻柟娉
銆銆瑙g瓟瀹屽舰濉绌洪樻椂锛屾湁鏃舵枃绔犱腑鎻愪緵鐨勪俊鎭杩樹笉澶燂紝杩橀渶瑕佽冪敓鎶婄﹀悎甯歌瘑鐨勪竴浜涚煡璇嗕俊鎭缁撳悎璧锋潵鑰冭檻锛屾渶鍚庨夊嚭绗﹀悎甯歌瘑鐨勬渶浣崇瓟妗堛傚洜姝わ紝鑰冪敓鐨勭煡璇嗚寖鍥磋秺骞匡紝瀵规枃绔犵殑鐞嗚В灏辫秺瀹规槗锛屾暣浣撲笂鐭ラ亾鎵閫夌煭鏂囧湪璇翠粈涔堬紝閭d箞灞閮ㄤ笂鐨勬瘡涓涓绌哄~璧锋潵涔熶細寰楀績搴旀墜銆
❼ 提高专四英语阅读能力的四个途径
提高专四英语阅读能力的四个途径
阅读理解是英语专四考试的一大重点题型,以下是为大家整理的提高专四英语阅读能力的四个途径,希望大家考个好成绩。
一、分析文章的结构规律
一般来说,我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同,其结构特点就会各异。因此,我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构,以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。
大学英语四级考试中的英语阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类:叙述文、说明文和议论文。下面我们结合2000年12月份的大学英语四级考试真题来具体说明如何利用文章的结构特点来达到阅读的目的。
1、叙述文
叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主,对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中,或顺序或倒序。但是四级考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文,因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以四级考试中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是:
1) 用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)
2) 叙述先前的经历(举例1)及其感悟或发现
3) 叙述接下来的经历(举例2)及其感悟或发现
4) 做出总结或结论
2000年12月四级考试阅读理解的第二篇就是这样的结构。我们可以将其结构简化为:
1) 总括性的话:
Engineering students are supposed to be example of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college ecation I am an idealist and a fool.
2) 先前的经历或想法
In high school I wanted to be ……,but I didn't chose a college with a large engineering department.
3) 往后的经历
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university for a broad ecation
4) 接下来的经历
I headed off for sure that I was going to have an advantage over others.
5) 再下来的经历
Now I am not so sure. …… I have learned the reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.
6) 结论
I have realized that the struggle to reconcile the study of engineering and liberal-arts is difficult.
只要理解了这类文章的结构特点解答问题就相当简单,因为这类文章后的阅读理解试题大多是和文章的内容先后顺序一致的细节题。
2、说明文(描述文)
说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即:提出问题(或以一个事例引出问题)---- (专家)发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。
2000年12月四级考试阅读理解第三篇就是这样的一篇文章。
1) Priscilla Ouchuida's "energy-efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream. …… a strange illness. (事例)
2) Experts finally traced the cause of her illness.(直接原因)
3) The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution,….(深层原因)
4) The problem appears it be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. (得出结论)
知道了类似的文章结构特点,就可以据此来进行考题预测。比如,我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型,就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因,还有可能要出现推断题。
3、议论文
我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中,作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点,然后进行澄清,说明自己的主张或观点,或者说提出反主张或真实情况。1996年1月大学英语四级考试阅读理解第四篇就是这样的结构。
文章的开始提出某college teacher认为:"High school English teachers are not doing their jobs ." 因为 His students has a bad command of English.
1) It is inevitable for one generation to complain the one immediately following it. And it is human nature to look for reasons for our dissatisfaction.
2) The people who criticize the high school teachers are not aware that their language ability has developed through the years.
最后的结论是:The concern about the decline and fall of the English language is a generation, and is not new and peculiar to taday's young people.
议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题,文章主旨题以及推理判断题。只要发现了这种结构特点,解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案, 基本上不存在任何困难。
通过研究以上的文章结构特点,我们不难发现,在四级考试阅读理解中无论任何体裁的文章都遵循着这样一个共同的模式:提出话题(观点或事例)---- 用事例分析原因(或批驳观点)------得出结论。 对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始和结尾,分清观点和事例,从而在四级考试的阅读理解中准确定位,快速答题。
二、 巧妙绕开生词
我们这里所说的`巧妙绕开生词的方法和上面分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的,也就是说,只要我们从总体上把握了文章,不用认识每一个单词也能照样理解整篇文章。
1、英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的,有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能,而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有:表示人名,地名,机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词,只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词,就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中:"In fact", says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,"there's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep." 两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它。类似的还有: " We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University,the godfather of sleep research.
2、我们不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是,它们的后面往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思。这就引起了我们不用弄懂所有单词意思的第二个理由。也就是说如果我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉,我们还可以根据统一篇文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。这类信息有:同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明)等。
三、 抓住句子的主干
我们要实现快速准确理解文章除了要抓住关键句子外,还要抓住句子当中的关键成分。主要是句子的主干,如主语、谓语和宾语,因为它们是传达信息的主要载体,其他成分,不论它有多么长,多么复杂它都是辅助成分。比如在下面的句子中:Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童),I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我们抓住了Element is society.就可以得知社会是神童出现的一个因素。
我们在今天这一讲中要说明的核心问题是,我们阅读英语文章时,一定要有一个全局观念,从宏观上来把握文章,做到了这一点,我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。
四、 抓住 "第三词汇"
语法中的功能词对理解句子十分重要,同样文章中那些起组织作用的实义词对理解文章也是非常重要的,因为掌握了它们就可以大大增强阅读理解中的预知下文的能力。我们把这些词称做 "第三词汇"(区别于仅起语法作用的功能词和一般实义词)。抓住了它们,就抓住了文章的核心意思。这类词有很多,其中最常见的有:
achieve, addition, attribute, cause, change, consequence, deny, effect, explanation, fact, form, grounds, instance, kind, manner, matter, mathod, opposite, point, problem, reason, respect, result, same, situation, thing, way.
另外,有人认为"第三词汇"主要是一些"照应名词",其中包括:
abstraction, approach, belief, classification, doctrine, dogma, evaluation, evidence, insight, investigation, illusion, notion, opinion, position, supposition, thery, viewpoint等等。
还有人针对某一文章类型总结出一些 "第三词汇"。比如:在"问题---解决 " 文章模式中,这些 "第三词汇"就更加固定和明确。它们有:
问题:concern, difficulty, dilemma, drawback, hamper, hinder(hindrance), obstacle, problem, snag等。
反应:change, combat(v), come up with, develop, find, measure, respond, response等
解决或结果:answer, consequence, effect, outcome, result, solution, (re)solve等。
评价:(in)effect, manage, overcome, succeed, (un)successful, viable, work(v.)
聚集于 "主张---反主张"文章结构模式中的该类词汇有:claim, state, truth, false, in fact, in reality, believe等等。
以上我们提到的英语阅读理解能力提高的途径不是仅有的方法,大家可以根据自己的学习体会,从众多的方法中选择适合自己的方法。另外其他书上还介绍了不少其他方法,请大家参考。要想把阅读技巧真正地转化位阅读理解能力还需要大量的英语阅读理解练习。
;❽ 英语四级翻译练习题:北京
英语四级翻译练习题:北京
北京是中华人民共和国的首都,也是全国的政治和文化中心。大约70万年前,北京人(Peking Man)出现在北京西南48公里的周口店地区。十世纪初期,北京成为辽代(the LiaoDynasty)的第二个都城。从那时起,北京先后成为金、元、明和清四朝的首都,直至1911年。1949年10月1日,毛主席在北京向全世界宣布了中华人民共和国的成立。北京人口超过2000万,大约1000万人住在城里,其他人住在郊区。
英语四级翻译练习题参考翻译:
Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, is the nation's political and cultural center. Some 700,000 years ago, Peking man appeared at Zhoukoudian, 48 kilometres southwest of Beijing. At the beginning of the 10th century, it became the second capital of the Liao Dynasty. From then on, Beijing had been the capital of the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties until 1911. On October 1st, 1949, Chairman Mao proclaimed to the whole world the founding of the People's Republic of China in Beijing. Beijing has a population of over 20 million; about 10 million live in the city proper and the rest on the suburbs.
1.政治和文化中心:翻译为political and cultural center。
2.周口店地区:专有名词,可直接翻译为Zhoukoudian,注意首字母大写。
3.向全世界宣布:翻译为proclaim to the wholeworld。proclaim意为“宣布, 宣告”,proclaim to…意为“向…宣布”。
4.中华人民共和国的成立:翻译为the founding of thePeople's Republic of China。表示“成立”要用founding。
5.北京人口超过2000万:翻译为 Beijing has a population of over 20 million。
英语四级翻译练习题:北京的内容小编就说到这里了,更多关于大学英语四级考试的备考技巧,备考干货,新闻资讯,成绩查询,准考证打印入口,准考证打印时间等内容,小编会持续更新。祝愿各位考生都能认真备考,顺利通过考试。
❾ 2020年12月四级翻译分析第一套
2020年12月四级翻译分析第一套:
生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。北方人主要吃面食,南方人大多吃米饭。在沿海地区,海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例,而在其他地区人们的饮食中,肉类和奶制品更为常见。四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍爱吃辛辣食物,而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜食。然而,因为烹饪方式各异,同类食物的味道可能会有所不同。
Diet varies in different parts of China. People in the north prefer food made of flour, while people in the south give their preference to rice. In the coastal areas, seafood and freshwater aquatic procts serves as a considerable proportion of people’s diet, whereas meat and dairy procts are more common in other areas. Residents in provinces such as Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces favor spicy food in general, while people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prefer sweet food. However, e to different way of cooking, the same food might taste different.
①生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。
People who live in different areas of China have different kinds of diets/foods.
或者 Diet varies in different parts of China.
②北方人主要吃面食,南方人大多吃米饭。
表对比,可用 while/ whereas连接两个句子。
两个句子谓语相同,可省略第二个或者换表达。
People in the north prefer food made of flour, while people in the south give their preference to rice.
③在沿海地区,海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例,而在其他地区人们的饮食中,肉类和奶制品更为常见。
沿海地区coastal areas/ regions
海鲜seafood
淡水水产品freshwater aquatic procts
占比可用account for
占很大比 account for a considerable proportion
肉类 meat
奶制品 airy procts
句子较长,仍是表对比。
In the coastal areas, seafood and freshwater aquatic procts account for a considerable/large proportion of people’s diet, whereas meat and dairy procts are more common in other areas.
④四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍爱吃辛辣食物,而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜食。
对地点的考察,专有名词四川Sichuan 湖南 Hunan 江苏Jiangsu 浙江Zhejiang
偏爱 更喜欢 同义词 可换词或者表达,避免重复;
两句同样表对比
Residents in provinces such as Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces favor spicy food in general, while people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prefer sweet food.
⑤然而,因为烹饪方式各异,同类食物的味道可能会有所不同。
“烹饪方式各异” 可成句或者使用短语,注意“因为”的表达
烹饪方式way of cooking
However, e to different way of cooking, the same food might taste different。
2020年12月四级翻译分析第一套小编就说到这里了,更多关于大学英语四级考试备考技巧,备考干货,新闻资讯,成绩查询,英语四级准考证打印入口,准考证打印时间等内容,小编会持续更新。祝愿各位考生都能取得满意的成绩。