四级英语典型例题
本文是一篇公共英语四级的阅读理解考试题及答案(答案在文章尾部)，希望能帮助大家顺利通过考试!
Section III Reading Comprehension(45 points) 阅读理解
Text 1
No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demeaning to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an indivial but only lives to function as a part of the whole. The indivial in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a large, more important concept. What could be more important than the indivial oneself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence.
Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, eliminates all envy and competition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, eat the same type of food. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion instry yearly.
Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Salespersons would be superfluous as well: why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion instry which in turn would have a ripple effect on such instries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. Our entire information and entertainment instries would founder.
41、The author’s viewpoint on uniforms can best be described as __________.
A. practical
B. hysterical
C. radical
D. critical
42、Judged from its style, this passage might be found in __________.
A. a children’s comics book
B. an editorial in a paper
C. a sociology textbook
D. a political platform
43、It can be inferred that the author believes that __________.
A. indivials have no self-worth when they become part of an organization
B. indivials are more important than organizations
C. indivials are not so important as organizations
D. indivials are the same important as organizations
44、The author brings in the example of a parent striving to make life better for his children to make the point that __________.
A. parents have responsibilities for their children
B. uniforms would be less expensive than clothing for children
C. uniforms cause dissension between parents and children
D. indivial motivation would be destroyed by uniforms
(本题分值：1.5分)【正确答案】D
45、The last word of the passage "founder" probably means __________.
A. collapse
B. shrink
C. disappear
D. establish
Text 2
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise ll existence.
Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.
Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.
The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and indivial interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
46、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.
A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
B. small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
C. Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
D. most Americans are ready to offer help
47、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.
A. culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
B. courteous convention and indivial interest are interrelated
C. various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
D. social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
48、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.
A. to improve their hard life
B. in view of their long-distance travel
C. to add some flavor to their own daily life
D. out of a charitable impulse
49、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.
A. tends to be superficial and artificial
B. is generally well kept up in the united States
C. is always understood properly
D. has something to do with the busy tourist trails
50、What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?
A. Favorable.
B. Unfavorable.
C. Indifferent.
D. Neutral.
Text 3
Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their ecation. However, nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time ecation, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time. Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning.
Distance learning is an ecational method, which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals, which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study many be set aside at the student’s convenience with e regard to all life’s other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet. Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test.
Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the equivalence of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The indiviality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance-learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the indivial students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the ecational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through ecation.
51、According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part-time ecation?
A. It requires some break in one’s career.
B. It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.
C. It affects one’s career.
D. It gives the student less time to share with the family.
52、Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning?
A. The students may choose his or her own pace.
B. The students may study at any time to his or her convenience.
C. They can pursue their chosen career while studying.
D. Their tutorial assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, etc.
53、What benefit will distance-learning program bring to a business?
A. Recruitment of more talented people.
B. Good image of the business.
C. Better cooperation with universities.
D. Further training of employees and business growth.
54、What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business?
A. Professional growth.
B. Good relationship with the employer.
C. Good impression on the employer.
D. Higher salary.
55、Which is not the characteristic of distance learning?
A. It includes a subject evaluation tool with every subject.
B. Its course uses the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus.
C. A distance-learning program has a place only for students.
D. The relationship of the professor/student is characterized by indiviality.
Text 4
I remember the way the light touched her hair. She turned her head, and our eyes met, a momentary awareness in that raucous fifth grade classroom. I felt as though I’d been struck a blow under the heart. Thus began my first love affair. Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. Does anyone, anymore, linger in the shadows of evening, drawn by the pale light of a window—her window—like some hapless summer insect? That delirious swooning, asexual but urgent and obsessive, that made me awkward and my voice crack, is like some impossible dream now. I would catch sight of her, walking down an aisle of trees to or from school, and I’d become paralyzed.
She always seemed so poised, so self-possessed. At home, I’d relive each encounter, writhing at the thought of my inadequacies. We eventually got acquainted and socialized as we entered our adolescence, she knew I had a case on her, and I sensed her affectionate tolerance for me. "Going steady" implied a maturity we still lacked. Her Orthodox Jewish upbringing and my own Catholic scruples imposed an inhibited grace that made even kissing a distant prospect, however fervently desired. I managed to hold her once at a dance—chaperoned, of course. Our embrace made her giggle, a sound so trusting that I hated myself for what I’d been thinking. At any rate, my love for Rachel remained unrequited. We graated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army.
When World War II engulfed us, I was sent overseas. For a time we corresponded, and her letters were the highlight of those grinding endless years. Once she sent me a snapshot of herself in a bathing suit, which drove me to the wildest of fantasies. I mentioned the possibility of marriage in my nest letter, and almost immediately her replies became less frequent, less personal. Her Dear John letter finally caught up with me while I was awaiting discharge. She gently explained the impossibility of a marriage between us. Looking back on it, I must have recovered rather quickly, although for the first few months I believed I didn’t want to live. Like Rachel, I found someone else, whom I learned to love with a deep and permanent commitment that has lasted to this day.
56、According to the passage, how old was the author when his first love affair began?
A. Before he entered his teens.
B. In his early teens.
C. In his middle teens.
D. When he was just out of his teens.
57、How did the author behave as a boy in love?
A. His first love motivated him toward hard study.
B. His first love evoked sentimental memories.
C. He was overpowered by wild excitement and passion.
D. He fulfilled his expectations and desires.
58、According to the passage, what held them back from a loving kiss?
A. Her Jewish origin did not allow it.
B. His Catholic adherence forbade it.
C. They were not sure whether it was proper or ethical to kiss in line with their religious decorum.
D. Kissing was found to be inelegant or even distasteful.
59、According to the passage, what was Rachel’s response to the author’s tender affection before the war?
A. She recognized and accepted his love affectionately.
B. She thwarted his affection by flatly turning him down.
C. She fondly permitted him to adore her without losing her own heart to him.
D. She didn’t care for him at all and only took delight in playing with his feelings.
60、Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. Statement and example.
B. Cause and effect.
C. Order of importance.
D. Linear description.
【参考答案】
(一)
41.C42..B43.B44.D45.A
(二)
46.D47..A48.C49.B50.
(三)
51.A52.D53.D54.A55.C
(四)
56.A57.C58.C59.C60.D
英语四级作文的备考，就是多看多记忆往年的真题以及范文，这样能够更好的把握作文的要求，在考试的时候才能够写出不错的文章。今天我们为大家整理了历年大学英语四级作文真题及范文汇总，了解一下吧。
2009年6月四级真题作文范文
【试题】
(1)现在越来越多的博物馆向公众开放
(2)有人认为会带来很多问题。
(3)我认为…
【范文】
There are an increasing number of museums which are open to the public for free in our daily life nowadays. However, no consensus is reached among the public on the influence it brings about on the museums and the visitors involved.
Some people hold the opinion that free admission to museums will contribute to numerous problems ranging from the spoiling of the environment to the damage to the facilities of the museums.
It is known that some visitors will throw away the garbage here and there, which will do great damage to the surroundings of the museums. Worse, it will take a lot of time and effort for the museums to fix the facilities destroyed by the little kids who come to the museum without company of their parents. However, there are different opinions on whether visitors should enjoy free admission or not. Some people maintain that visitors can acquire new knowledge and enrich their lives by visiting various museums.
As far as I am concerned, just as every coin has two sides, it is true to the above phenomenon. Therefore we are expected to take measures to ecate the public to observe the rules and regulations when visiting the museums. Thus, more and more indivials will enjoy a favorable environment.
2010年12月四级真题作文范文
【试题】
Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
2. 为了让孩子独立， 父母应该……
How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?
【范文】
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children''s independence thoroughly.
For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.
The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents'' trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.
2011年6月大学英语四级写作范文
My views on Online Shopping
1. 现在网购已经成为一种时尚
2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题
3. 我的建议
At present, on-line shopping has gain popularity in the society. Almost every young man has practiced buying stuffs via the Internet; more importantly, some are so addicted to on-line consumption that they even purchase private cars at virtual 4S stores.
On one hand, daily procts sold on line are usually much cheaper than those displayed in the shelves. Also, it is convenient for consumers, especially commuters, to obtain what they need in this way. On the other hand, buyers cannot check their intended on-line procts. Thus, what they shall receive are probably not in accordance with those introced in the webpage.
In my opinion, on-line shopping creates both merchants and consumers an efficient and economical way of selling or buying commodities, so it should be encouraged. And related agencies need to improve the supervision, ensuring that the consumer benefits will not be damaged.
C. 2021年12月英语四级作文真题及范文（卷一）
大学英语四级考试满分：710。听力（35%）249分、阅读（35%）249分、综合（10%）70分、写作和翻译（20%）142分。
2021年下半年英语四级作文真题及范文
Directions: Suppose you have just participated in a school proj-ect of collecting used books on campus. You are now to write a report about the project, which may include its aim,organiz-ers,participants and activities.You will have 30 minutes to write the report.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
范文∶
A school project of collecting used books was held on campus last Friday. More than 300 students were involved in this activ-ity and almost all of them took it a fairly meaningful way to impart knowledge,according to a survey concted yesterday.
The project was organized by the Student Union of our School of Business Administration.Its main aim was to teach students to treasure knowledge and realize the importance of recycling. It also focused on cultivating students'notion of sustainable development. The activity was first launched last Monday to make sure that students that were willing to give away their books had enough time to prepare for the project.Last Friday, students who applied for the project brought their books to Professor Liu's office and signed their names on the activity list, after which a certificate would be awarded.
All of the books collected have been displayed in the Recycling Reading Area in the library. Welcome all students to the library to enjoy the specially offered intellectual feast. See you there!
怎样在短时间内提高英语四级
高频游念洞词汇
大家都知道学会英语的首要条件就是单词，但是想要快速过四级，在短时间内你就不要再去看全部词汇了，多看看高频词汇，这对于看懂四级的文章有很大帮助。
听新闻文章
做四级真题
真题不用做太多，一套真题要反复做，直到做对做透，这样的效果最大，而不是题海战术。
多背点短语和语法
翻译看的神枯就是短语的语法，学会了这两个，你的翻译高御就上了个层次。
作文。
作文大家都知道要想拿高分，模板很重要，考前多背背模板，四级就有效多了。
D. 专业英语四级考试语法题
1. We are not on very good ____ with the people next door.
A. friendship
B. relations
C. will
D. terms
正确答案是
2. Usually newspapers ____ for people with intellectual interests.
A. suit
B. furnish
C. regard
D. cater
正确答案是
3. The overcrowded living conditions____ a heavy strain on the family.
A. set
B. put
C. made
D. pressed
正确答案是
4. The supply of apples exceeds the ____ this year.
A. request
B. claim
C. requirement
D. demand
正确答案是
5. I must take this watch to be repaired; it ____ over twenty minutes a day.
A. increases
B. progresses
C. accelerates
D. gains
正确答案是
6. If this animal had escaped from its cage it could ____ have killed or hurt several people.
A. equally
B. both
C. well
D. severely
正确答案是
7. I'm sorry we gave you such a short ____ of our visit.
A. caution
B. notice
C. information
D. preparation
正确答案是
8. That old vase will ____ an attractive lamp-holder.
A. compose
B. form
C. make
D. assemble
正确答案是
9. The World Bank has criticized the country for not giving enough financial ____ to developing countries.
A. allowance
B. aid
C. loan
D. provision
正确答案是
10. Nothing would stop me from ____ my ambition.
A. reaching
B. completing
C. achieving
D. obtaining
正确答案是
11. He showed his ____ for the TV programmer by switching it off.
A. distaste
B. discontent
C. annoyance
D. boredom
正确答案是
12. They are ____ the woods for the missing child.
A. seeking
B. looking
C. investigating
D. combing
正确答案是
专业英语四级考试词汇语法解析
be+不定式结构
表示按计划、安排即将发生的'动作。例如：
There's to be an investigation.
I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.
这一结构常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定。例如：
The Queen is to visit Japan next year.
二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如：
You are to stand here. Do you understand?
Tell her she's not to be back late.
一般现在时也可表达将来时间，常见于条件状语和时间状语从句。例如：
If she comes, I'll tell her all about it.
Wait here till the meeting is over.
It won't be long before the rain stops.
近义词辨析
begin, commence, initiate, launch, start
这组词均含有“开始”的意思。
begin
在这组词中最常用，泛指开始做某事。但口语中近年来start用得较多。
The band began to play joyful music.乐队开始演奏欢快的音乐。
commence
比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它仪式及军事用语中人们倾向用commence.
The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.军官命令士兵开始进攻。
initiate
指进程中的第一步，与何时停止或结束没有关系。
The government has initiated a new reform program.政府启动了新的改革方案。
launch
指开始或着手一项活动、计划等大规模或声势浩大的行动，行动前或行动中有一定的宣传鼓动。
The company will launch an advertising compaign to introce its new proct.那个公司要发起广告攻势推出自己的新产品。
Start
与stop构成反义用法，指从一特定地点出发，由静止或等待状态开始做某事。在口语中常可代替begin.
They started operations at once.他们马上开始行动。
E. 2019年大学英语四级考试语法：分词与独立主格
2019年大学英语四级考试语法：分词
9.1 分词作定语
分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i分词词组;ii 个别分词如given, left; iii 修饰不定代词 something等)
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
9.2 分词作状语
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed纤毁 B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正亮塌在进行之意。 followed by(被…跟随)。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，毁键备声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的;过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…
注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
9.3 连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主语相同。
9.4 分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：
I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。
I'll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分词作表语
现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行
过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成
She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分词作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration全面看来
Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
9.7 分词的时态
1)与主语动词同时，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。
2)先于主动词
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后，他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分词的语态
1)通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you…)他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
2019年大学英语四级考试语法：独立主格
10.1 独立主格
(一)： 独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
(二) 独立主格结构的特点：
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
10.2 With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)，也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例题：
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
F. 大学英语四级作文题目总结
英语四级作文题目1∶ On Card Slave
卡奴是指一个人使用大量的现金卡、信用卡，但负担不出缴款金额或是以卡养卡、以债养帐等方式，一直在还利息钱的人。
1. 目前出现许多年轻人变成卡奴现象 2. 出现这一现象的原因 3. 我对这一现象的看法和建议作文范文∶On Card Slave
As people change the patterns of consumption, it is common for people to have several cards. Then Card slave is coined.Card slave refers to people who can only pay the minimum balance on their credit card debt every month.Many youngsters fall under the so-called card- slave category.
The reason behind card slaves varies.The fierce competition among banks, Chinese or foreign,encourages them tolurecustomers to hold morecredit cards.Unfortunately,some card holders, especillyoungsters with large shopping addictions and smallsalaries, have outstanding credit card debts and graally became card slaves after reaching their credit card limit on luxury items.Due to their meager salaries,they always live on theedge of bankruptcy.
In my opinion,people should manage their financial affis.First, only choose the credit cards that suit you the most.Secondly,manage yourcards properly.Get some good tips from internet and follow them. Thirdly increase income and avoid excessive expenses.These tips will helpyoukeep away from the danger of becoming acard slave.
英语四级作文题目2∶ Free Admission to Parks
1. 越来越多的公园免费开放，目的是什么 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法【范文】
Free Admission to Parks
To encourage people to go outside and relax, a mounting number of parks offer free admission now.People benefit from it especially ring these tough economic times. With free entry,more people will have the opportunity for affordable vacations for families, taking pleasure in the natural landscape.
Fresh air and landscapes in parks are good for people.However,too many people flocking into parks might not be so good for the parks.
For example,some visitors leave their garbage behind, which may cause environmental polltion.And peoples barbeques and stamping willalso bring damage to the grassland and other greeneries in parks.
As auniversity student, Im in favor of free admission to parks.Free entry to parks not only saves peoples expenditure,but also makes things fairer people like the poor and students can go to parks frequently as well.On the other hand, visitors should be informed to preserve the environment while enjoying the beauty of the nature.
英语四级作文题目3∶ The Internet
1. 有人认为网络可以让学习、工作更有效率 2. 有人却认为网络让青少年沉迷 ，影响学习 3. 我的看法【范文】The Internet
In the era of information and technology,the Internet plays an important role in our society.However,peoples opinions arestill divided on this point.Those who are in favor of the Internet claim that it has alot of advantages.Firsty,information searching is nolonger a toughjob with the help of all inds of searchengines.Secondly,wecancontact friends or business partners via e-mails or software such as Internet Meeting and YahooMessenger.
Those who are opposed to the Internet hold that its disadvantages are numerous.In the first place,using the Internet costs considerable time,money and energy,especially for those with poor self-control.In the second place, increasingyoung people areinlged inonline games and unhealthy information, which are extremely harmful to their development.
In my opinion, its pros outweigh the cons.The past twenty years have witnessed thefast development of theInternet along with the national economy.A brighter future is awaiting us if we make good use of the Internet.
英语四级作文题目4∶ Group Purchasing
1.现在团购很流行
2. 团购有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3. 我的建议作文范文∶ Group Purchasing
In recent years,a new type of online shopping is rapidly gaining popularity group purchasing, which was originally introced from foreign countries but is now widely accepted all over China.People can buy not only goods,but alsoall kinds of services on group purchasing sites.
Group purchasing is very convenient, and saves people alot ofmoney.But italso has some problems. Since group purchasing is nothing more than another form of online shopping, the nature of it is no dfferent from other online shopping pattens.Problemsthat exist in online shopping also can be found in group purchasing, like deceptive advertisements or poor after-sale services.
In my opinion, we should treat group purchasing as a way of shopping and nothing more.We must be carefulnot to buy something we dont need only to fllow the fashion.
G. 大学英语四级翻译题型讲解
大学英语四级翻译题型讲解
1. Female students constitute the majority of our class. .（相比之下，他们班全由男生组成）
2.As our time was running out, we drove even faster （希望能够准时赶到机场）.
3.（这些问题连续不断地出现）suggests that our plan should be adjusted.
4.In his recently written autobiography, （他把自己的成功归功于父母的鼓励）.
5.（我们现在必须唤醒人们认识到环保的重要性），or it would be too late.
6.If he had known this would happen, （他当初也许会以不同方式行事）.
7.（只要你一直努力工作），you will recall your past with satisfaction.
8.Every mother is proud of her child and （父亲也一样）.
9.No one knows exactly （信息高速路的发展将把我们带往何处）.
10.（他刚到家）when it started raining.
1.【答案】By contrast, their class is made up of male students only.或By contrast, only male students constitute their class.
【解析】本题的主要考点在于固定搭配。表达“相比”或“与……相对”之意可用词组by contrast，而“组成”之意可使用前文提到的动词constitute也可使用词组be made up of。
2.【答案】in hopes that we could arrive at the airport on time或in hopes that we could reach the airport on time又或in hopes that we could make it to the airport on time
【解析】本题的主要考点在于固定搭配。通过分析前半句可知，“希望”并非句子的谓语，因此不可直接使用动词hope，而应使用固定搭配in hopes that意为“怀着……的希望”。“准时”之意考查的是比较基础的词组on time,此处应注意其与表达“即时”之意的in time相区别。而“赶到”之意可用arrive at或reach，也可用表达“成功地……”之意的固定搭配make it to。
3.【答案】The fact that these problems are continually showing up或The continual appearance of these problems
【解析】本题的考点在于语法。通过分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为suggest，所以需要翻译的部分充当句子的主语，故可以考虑使用从句或使用名词性词组。需要注意的是使用从句时应根据语法需要补出汉语中没有体现出的部分the fact，使句子结构完整。
4.【答案】he owes his success to his parents encouragement或He attributes his success to his parents餰ncouragement
【解析】本题考点在于固定搭配。“把……归功于”或“把……归因于”可使用词组owe...to...或attribute...to...。本题另一个易错之处在于所有格的使用。以-s结尾的复数名词所有格只需加稹
5.【答案】We must awaken people to the importance of environment protection
【解析】本题主要的考点在于固定搭配。表达“唤醒……对……的注意或警惕”之意应使用动词词组awaken...to...。另一需要注意的地方时所有格的`使用。本题中“环保的重要性”不可用馏表示，而应使用of结构。
6.【答案】he would have acted differently或He would have acted in a different way
【解析】本题主要考查语法，考点是虚拟语气。由句意提示可知，本句是if引导的虚拟句，表示对过去情况的假设。由于前半句出现了had加动词的过去分词，后半句应使用would加have done的结构。
7.【答案】As long as you keep working hard或As long as you work hard all the time
【解析】本题考点在于固定搭配。表达“只要……”之意可用词组as long as...，而提示中出现的“一直”则可使用动词词组keep doing...，意为“一直或持续做某事”，也可考虑用all the time来表示时间。
8.【答案】so is every father
【解析】本句主要考点为语法，考查倒装结构。当so表示“同样”或“也……”之意时，其后的句子需要倒装。翻译本句时还要注意every father作主语时谓语应为单数形式。
9.【答案】where the development of the information highway will lead us
【解析】本题的主要考点在语法，考查考生对从句的掌握情况。由提示可知，从句应由where引导，且考生应特别注意从句不能为疑问句语序而应为陈述句语序。关于从句的时态选择，根据中文提示可清楚判断为一般将来时。
10.【答案】Hardly had he arrived home或He had hardly arrived home
【解析】本题的考点在于固定搭配。句意为“他刚到家就开始下雨了。”由于后半句由when代起，前半句应出现hardly,构成固定搭配hardly...when...，且根据此固定搭配的使用要求，前半句的时态应为过去完成时。本题由两种可能的答案，若以hardly开头，句子需要倒装，以he开头则保持正常语序。
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