高三英语阅读理解词义猜测题
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求及应试策略 王俊 高中英语阅读理解能力测试的主要要求： 1．读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。 2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。 4．既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。 5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：细节理解题，词句理解题，主题、主旨题，猜测词义题，推理判断题。下面作者结合平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语 阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一、 先看题干，带着问题读文章。 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对 图形表格类题材的理解。 二、 速读全文，了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情 节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。 抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往 往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 试试看，你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗？ The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 不难看出，文章的第一句是主题句，后面的句子都围绕这个句子展 开。 三、 详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。 文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画 图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 例如：SEFC 3A Feed the World(2) 本文通过四个不同的国家和地区，总结了世界饥荒的主要原因。运 用图表，文章的结构和思路就一目了然了。 Reasons for world hunger In EU: 1) Food is bought from farmers and thrown away. 2) Farmers are paid not to grow crops. In India: Most land is owned by rich land owners. In less developed countries: Farmers are forced to plant cash crops. In western countries: Grain is fed to beef cattle. 四、 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才 有前提和基础。推理题在提问中常用的词有： infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。例如高考题： Annealing Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. 1. Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation 3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. 1、答案为A，此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果，故选A而不选D。B 项明显错误；C项是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。 2、答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句，"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的时间是可以控制的，时间越长越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程 中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。 3、答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到"metal"。最后一句说退 火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推断C是正确的。 五、 猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。 猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同 位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。 a. 定义法 如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即"退火"。 It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为"牧人"。 b 同位法 如:They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即"城堡"。 We are on the night shift----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。 c. 对比法 如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but 一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天"第一节上了一半才来"，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。 d. 构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等） Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名词， 据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是"可能性"。 e. 因果法 如:The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent。So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为"永远的，永久的"。 六、 养成习惯，潜移默化结硕果。 1、养成默读习惯，使注意力集中的文字符号上，纠正唇读，心读，喉读等做法，以免分散精力，影响阅读速度。 2、克服指读、回视、重读等不良习惯，因为这样容易使理解只停留在某个词或句子上，使获得的信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词，从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子，进行连贯性理解。 如:"Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to tell me about it."这个句子，只要扫视划线的核心词，其语义就基本上清楚了。 英语阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的复杂过程，要养成每天阅读英语的习惯，循序渐进，持之以恒，精泛结合，广泛猎奇。在潜移默化 中你会感觉到你的阅读能力又有了长足的提高。
参考资料： http://jspd.ew.com.cn/Article_Show.asp?Pay=yes&ArticleID=33110
2. 英语阅读理解的题型
英语阅读理解的题型
作为高考英语试卷中题量最大、分值最多、难度最高的题型，高考英语阅读理解题在整个高中英语中至关重要。下面我整理了高考英语阅读理解的常见题型以及解题方法，大家一起来看一下吧!
【高考英语阅读理解常见题型及解题方法】
一、主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达中心思想，其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)也是完全可能的。主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。请看浙江卷中的一个段落：
In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.
◎What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. The writer’s unhappy school life
B. The writer’s eagerness to earn money
C. The writer’s experience as a full-time worker
D. The writer’s hard work in an apple plant
原文共有五个自然段，上面摘录的只是文章的第1个自然段，但是如果考生训练有素的话，只要读完这个段落就可猜出此题的答案了。因为文章第一句说In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget，接着作者用but引出一个新的情况(即主题句)：none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. 再接下来又说：The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. 聪明的读者至此应该可以猜测到，下面的几个段落肯定是介绍这个apple plant 的work是如何的hard，它的pay是如何的poor，它的working conditions 是如何的terrible 等。比较四个选项，只有选项D所表述内容合乎上面的分析，故选D。
二、事实细节题
顾名思义，事实细节题即指针对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题。事实细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换或简单换算)。请看安徽卷中的一道事实细节题：
Tuition Fees(学费)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: [email protected]
Accommodation(住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: [email protected]
◎You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000
根据Tuition fees一节的内容可知，一年的学费最低为5,000美元，再根据Accommodation(住宿)一节可知，除学费外，还有住宿费(每月100美元)和生活费(每月150美元)，即一年大约共3,000美元，所以在WaiKato大学读书一年至少要花费5,000+3,000=8,000美元，故答案为B。
三、代词指代题
这类题要求考生根据一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义，它主要考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。做这类题时，考生不仅要读懂相关句子的句意，理顺相关句子的逻辑关系，而且还要学会合理变通，尤其要学会变通理解其中的`同义表达。请看天津卷中的一个片断和一个道词义猜测题：
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
◎What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society.
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
此题答案选B。答案的直接依据是文章中的Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this 这两句话。从句意和句子结构上看，this在此指代的应是they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time，比较四个选项，只有B与之吻合，因为选项中的long-time与原文中的over fairly long periods of time属同义表达，选项中的study of the subject matter 与原文中的devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem属同义表达。
四、词义猜测题
即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。它是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点，同学们应引起充分重视。猜测生词词义的方法很多，常用的有同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法、基本构词法、语境理解法、举例说明法、常识背景法、类属分析法等。请看安徽卷中一道词义猜测题：
More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure(压力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.
◎The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______.
A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination
此题答案选A。比较四个选项，同时结合常识，文中所提到的事实和数据应该是“调查和研究”得出的(其他几个选项可排除)。
五、推理判断题
即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”(考生)的想法，而是作者本人在字里行间所表述的观点。请看全国卷中的一个段落：
Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold: First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June, but they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.
◎By saying “the prize so dearly won” in paragraph 5, the writer wants to ______.
A. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes
B. show the hardship of growing the roses
C. express her liking for the roses
D. express her care for the tomatoes
本文大意讲的是作者在春天偶然栽种的一棵西红柿长成后非常大，影响到园中的玫瑰花，作者在享受西红柿美味的同时，又难以割舍珍贵的玫瑰花，面对两种选择，作者举棋不定。
此题要求考生推测作者说the prize so dearly won的意图，属推理判断题。此题答案选A，其推理依据主要有以下几点：一是作者在第1句用了 the task一词，将摘西红柿看成是一项“任务”;二是作者在三个地方用了have to，表示摘西红柿不容易;三是作者还用了stand on my head, reach down and under…等夸张性用词，充分说明了摘西红柿的难度。比较四个选项，显然只有选项A最佳。
;3. 高中英语阅读题
高中英语阅读题
练习是提高英语阅读理解的一个硬办法，下面是我整理的高中的英语阅读练习题以及答案，有需要的朋友可以阅读参考一下哦!
第一篇：
Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say thereis no connection whatever.
Sudan?1 is a red instrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food procts across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.
Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food procts from the shelves. So far 580 procts have been recalled.
Last week Sudan‘s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye‘s name.
Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan‘s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye.
"We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship."
The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week.
"They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out."
Sudan dyes, which include Sudan?1 to 4, are red dyes(颜料) used for colouring solvents(溶剂), oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?
A. Causing cancer. B. Having side effect. C. Containing poison. D.Poisonous
2. How did the Sudan?1 get its name?
A. The dye is often proced in Sudan.
B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.
C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.
D. Many foods proced in Sudan contain the dye.
3. We can infer from the passage that.
A. the Sudan government is paying much attention to the food safety
B. Sudan?1 is often used to be added to the food
C. people didn’t realize the danger of Sudan?1 until 2003
D. many food shops will be closed down
4. Which of the following is the best title? A. Keep away from Sudan?1
B. No Sudan?1 dye links to the country C. How Sudan?1 dye got its name?
D. Pay attention to the food safety
第二篇：
During the fourth China Beijing High-tech Instries Week, exhibitions, feature presentations, technological exchanges and trade talks, and other events are organized.
Exhibitions
•China International Exhibition Centre
*Section for China‘s key science and technology achievements of the Ninth Five Year Plan (1996-2000)
*Environmental protection and energy section
*Section for exhibitors from other provinces and municipalities(自治市) and regions of China
·China World Trade Centre
*Exchange and Trade Fair for Science and Technology Books and Sports Information Media *The Trade Fair for Modern Intelligent Houses and Beijing Urban Real Estate ·China Millenium Monument
*Forum(论坛)and Exhibition of Foreign Sci-tech Universities ·China Agricultural Culture Centre
*High-tech Construction Procts Exhitibion Feature Presentation ·Science and Ecation
*Scientists Forum on the New Century ·High-tech Instry
*Forum on Environmental Protection
*2001 Forum on Bio-technology on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Technical Exchanges and Trade Talks
·Trade talks on financial capital transformation
· Sino-Italian Forum and Trade Fair for the Development of IT and Com munications Technology
1.If you want to know more about the high-tech achievements of different parts of China, you should go to______.
A. China World Trade Centre B. China Millenium Monument
C. China International Exhibition Centre D. China Agricultural Culture Centre
2.These sessions mark the achievements of mankind in the fields of______.
A. electronic communications, energy and ecation
B. sports technology, film-instry and environmental protection C. network technology, high-tech instries and traffic D. medicine, weather broadcast and finance
3.The advertisement is mainly about______.
A. the major activities of the high-tech week B. the time-table of high-tech week C. the names of the meeting places D. the topic of trade talks
第三篇：
In East Africa there is a bribe(部落) of people called the Masai. They are tall and slim(苗条的) and carry long spears to guard their cattle against an attacking lion or leopard(豹). These Africans move from place to place on the rolling(绵延起伏的) grasslands looking for suitable grazing(牧场) and water. Mboto is twelve years old. He helps his father drive the cattle. If the family decides to remain in one spot for a while, he helps gather sticks and thin branches to build a simple house. The sticks are placed in the ground in a circle. They are then bent inwards and joined at the top. Small branches and leaves fill the spaces. If it looks as if the family will stay longer than usual, then the inside walls are often plastered with cattle manure(粪). For a door there is only a small opening to allow a person to enter. A thorn(刺) fence is built around the small house to keep cattle safe at night. Lions, leopards and hyenas prowl(觅食) around after dark. So the cattle would be easily killed and eaten.
When Mboto grows up into a man, he will become a true Masai warrior(勇士). He will have to join other warriors in the strange custom of drinking blood. The blood is taken from the neck of one of their cattle. It is mixed with milk and together with meat. It becomes the main food for the men.
The Masai have lived this way for thousands of years. The only change that seems to have affected their lives is the use of the transistor(晶体管) radio. It is quite common to see a young warrior with a pair of earphones listening to music while has is with his cattle.
1.The underlined word plastered in the first paragraph means______.
A. painted B. covered all over C. put up D. dotted
2.What do the Masai spend most of their time doing?
A. Hunting B. Fighting against wild animals C. Grazing their cattle D. Building small houses
3.It can be learned from the text that______.
A. a Masai warrior drinks blood mixed with milk B. Mboto is a strong Masai warrior
C. a thorn fence is built to keep the cattle out
D. the Masai has nearly a thousand years of history
4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A. The Masai wander over the rolling African grasslands.
B. A Masai‘s simple house has a small opening as a door to allow a person to enter.
C. A Masai‘s simple house is made of branches and strong sticks.
D. Modern inventions don‘t affect the Masai‘s lives at all.
>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<
第一篇：
1. A词义猜测题。根据They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 可知这个词与癌症有关，故可推出carcinogenic意为"致癌的."。
2. C细节题。根据People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out.可知还没有人知道"苏丹红"名称的由来。
3. B推断题。根据EU officials have been striving to remove some food procts from the shelves. So far 580 procts have been recalled.可知某些食品因含有"苏丹红"而被召回。故可推断"苏丹红"经常用作食品添加剂。
4. B主旨大意题。根据there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever. 可知本文主要讲"苏丹红"与苏丹这个国家是否有联系的问题，故B最佳。
第二篇：C A A
第三篇：B C A D
;4. 如何做好英语阅读理解词义猜测题
猜测词义题
在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
常见的题干有：
1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
2) The word... could best be replaced by.
3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
4) According to the passage,... probably means.
5) The author uses the word... to mean.
猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：
一是针对性的解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 that="" is="" to="" in="" other="" or="" i.g.="">或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）
[分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：动物的地盘。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷）
[分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
2.根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（2004年辽宁卷）
[分析]根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指议题。
二是内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET）
A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
[分析]根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是健谈的。
2.根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
（2005年上海卷）
The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
[分析]根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（既然你是我的上司），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：修剪（树枝等）的意思。
3.根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、、反义等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。
例9.William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together. （2005年江苏卷）
The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：混合的，交织的。
例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004年湖北卷）
[分析]根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins是一家医疗中心。
例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.
[分析]根据与insult侮辱的同等关系猜测defame为诋毁 ，中伤或诽谤
例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.
[分析]运用与football的同义关系推断为足球。
例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.
[分析]运用与The house近义关系可以推断dwelling与住所有关
例14.Most women in China ---ecated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]后面的urban and rural, the young and old之间都有反义关系，运用这个关系可以推断illiterated为未接受过教育的，即文盲
三是通过构词法
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1.根据前缀猜测词义
例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-ecational or single-sex schools?
根据词根ecational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-ecational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。（2005年江西卷）
2.根据后缀猜测词义
例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年广东卷）
后缀 -ise/ize意思是使成为；使化，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。
3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。
例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-proced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和proce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-proce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。
4.猜测词性变换新词含义
例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山东卷）
head本为名词，表头。由the bus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为开往、驶向。
例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全国卷Ⅱ）
cloud本为名词，表云。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为使难以。
5. 高考英语阅读理解试题附答案
高考英语阅读理解试题附答案
做英语阅读理解题的时候不能只是做，还要学会分析和总结。为了帮助大家，我分享了一些阅读理解试题，希望能对大家有所帮助!
高考英语阅读理解试题【1】
Very few people were coming to eat at the White Rose Restaurant, and its owner did not know what to do. The price was reasonable and the food was of good quality, but nobody seemed to want to eat there.
Then he did something that changed all that, and in a few weeks his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends. Whenever a gentleman came in with a lady, a smiling waiter gave each of them a menu(菜单), The menu looked exactly the same on the outside, but there was an important difference inside. The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. while the menu that he gave to the lady supplied a much higher price! So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous(慷慨) than he really was.
41. Why didn’t people come to the White Rose Restaurant to eat at first?
A. Because the price was high.
B. Because the food was too cheap.
C. Because the food was not good.
D. The passage didn’t mention.
42. According to the passage we can conclude that the people who eat at this restaurant are mostly _______________.
A. poor old people B. rich young people
C. men with their girl friends D. parents with their children
43. The difference between the two kinds of menu lie in ______________.
A. the color B. the shape
C. the price D. the food
44. According to the passage we can infer that when men with their girl friends eat at this restaurant, the food was paid ___________________.
A. always by the ladies only
B. always by the men only
C. sometimes by the ladies
D. either by the men or by the ladies
45. According to the passage we can know that, generally speaking, ____________.
A. men are more generous than women
B. women are more generous than men
C. men like their lady friends to be generous.
D. women like their men friends to be generous
【答案与解析】 41—45 DCCBD
A篇：本文主要讲述: 尽管 White Rose 餐馆价钱合理，饭菜也好，但很少有人光顾，店主为此想出了一条妙计，从此餐馆生意兴隆。
41. D。推理判断题。根据第一自然段可知原文没有说人们为什么不到餐馆就餐，所以答案为D。
42. C。细节理解题。根据第二自然段第1句 …his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends 可知答案为 C。
43. C。细节理解题。根据第二自然段 The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. While…the lady supplied a much higher price 可知答案为 C。
44. B。推理判断题。根据最后一句 So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous than he really was 可推断出答案为B。
45. D。推理判断题。根据原文可知侍者给男士的那个菜单价格合理，而给女士的那个菜单价格却很高，但两种菜单表面上看却一样，这样女士就会认为她们的男友很大方，因此餐馆的这种做法很受男士欢迎，由此可知女人们喜欢自己的男友大方。所以答案为 D。
高考英语阅读理解试题【2】
When you look at yourself in the mirror, do you ever wonder why you look the way you do? Do you also wonder what biological processes were at work to shape your face, which is as indivial and unique as a fingerprint?
The answer is in a little piece of your DNA called a gene enhancer(增强片段),according to scientists at Berkeley Lab. These little pieces6 of DNA help switch on or boost the expression of specific genes, that control the development of the face and head before birth. What's interesting about these little influential bits of DNA is that a gene enhancer doesn't have to be found anywhere close to the genes and, in some cases, doesn't even have to be located on the same chromosome.
Of course, there are a number of hereditary(遗传) factors which help determine appearance, for example, a child resembles a parent. The researchers, who outlined their findings in the journal Science, said the gene enhancer adjusts the genes to give your face its final unique look. Even with look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.
"Our results suggest that there are thousands of enhancers in the human genome that are involved in facial development," said Axel Visel, a geneticist with Berkeley Lab's Genomics Division, who led the research. "We don't know yet what all of these enhancers do, but we do know that they are out there and they are important for facial development."
Scientists have previously been able to identify some of the genetic faults that can cause birth defects, such as a cleft lip(兔唇), but haven't been able to fully understand what genetic factors are responsible for subtle differences in appearance.
26. The author put forward two questions at the beginning of the passage to ________.
A. expect readers to answer them
B. carry out a survey among readers
C. start a discussion among readers
D. draw readers attention to the topic
27. From Paragraph 3, we know that________.
A. identical twins look similar but not exactly the same
B. hereditary factors determine our appearance completely
C. a child resembles a parent because of afterbirth factors
D. the gene enhancer is something useless and unimportant
28. The underlined word "subtle" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to"___________".
A. not a little
C. not small B. not a bit D. not obvious
29. According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?
A. A cleft lip is a kind of birth defects which are caused by genetic faults.
B. Genetic faults can not be identified and fully understood with today's technology.
C. Gene enhancers have something to do with the facial development according to the research
D. The relation between genetic factors and subtle differences in appearance remains a mystery.
30. Which part of a website is the passage probably taken from?
A. Culture.
C. Science.
B. Opinion. D. Business.
【参考答案】26-30 DADBC
你照镜子的时候，曾想过为什么会是这个样子吗?你还想过什么生物过程在起作用使你的脸像指纹一样与众不同吗?
26. D。作者意图题。通读全文及第一段可知答案。27. A。细节理解题。从第三段最后两句Even with identical twins, there are subtle differences in appearance. Identical twins Linda and Terry Jamison look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.可知答案。
28. D。词义猜测题。从第三段最后一句Identical twins Linda and Terry Jamison look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.可知即便是十分相像的双胞胎，外貌上也是有很细微的'差别的。
29. B。细节理解题。从最后一段的Scientists have previously been able to identify...but haven’t been able to fully understand...可知答案。
30. C。推理判断题。该短文是科普文章，故要到网站的科学信息部分才能读到。
高考英语阅读理解试题【3】
Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown- ups
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember. 2. The author explains the law of overlearning by.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
4. What is the author’s opinion on cramming?
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C. It’s possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students’learning interest.
【参考答案】ADAB
;6. 高三英语阅读理解题训练及答案详解
高考英语试题中阅读理解占40分，是试卷中所占比例最大的一部分。考生们在复习高考英语科目时,可以多做一些试题,下面就是我给大家带来的，希望大家喜欢！下面就是我给大家带来的 高三英语 阅读理解题训练及答案详解，希望大家喜欢！
第一篇：
Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.
All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.
The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.
In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full，lessening their desire to eat or drink.
The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.
Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber ckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.
In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became the
latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch’s effect on ocean environment.
51.How did the writer introce the topic of the passage?
A. By giving an example. B. By listing the facts.
C. By telling a story. D. By giving a comparison.
52.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?
A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic procts.
B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.
C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.
D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.
53.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?
A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.
B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.
C. Because it may be from an island in the pacific.
D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.
54.Which column can you find the passage on a newspaper?
A. Sports and entertainment. B. Media and culture.
C. Environment and society. D. Science and technology.
55.The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.
A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific
B. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific
C. give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean
D. introce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch
第二篇：
Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland's volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.
WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(微小的) ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(吸入) particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.
Other experts, however, weren't convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on peoples' health and said WHO's warnings were "hysterical." They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance — like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe — its health effects are often minimal, experts say.
"Not all particles are created equal," said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, "In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful." And he said most Europeans' exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.
Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. "The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven't heard of any ill effects there," he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was "over the top" and "a bit hysterical."
60. The text is mainly about .
A. the effect of volcanic ash
B. the health risk of volcanic ash
C. the disadvantages of volcanic ash
D. the opinions on health risk of volcanic ash
61. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?
A. The volcanic ash’s effects on Europeans were little.
B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.
C. Other experts thought WTO’S warnings were useful.
D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution.
62. The underlined word “hysterical” in Paragraph4 most probably means .
A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated
63. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The volcanic ash wouldn’t be harmful to people.
B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.
C. People close to the volcano would likely be at risk according to some experts.
D. Europeans should stay indoors because Iceland's volcano starts settling.
第一篇：
51.D。推理判断题。根据第一段”Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the state of Texas.Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers.So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.”可知，作者拿得克萨斯州与大量的垃圾漂浮物进行比较，所以选D项。
52.A。细节判断题。根据第二段中的”The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.”可知，这些垃圾漂流物是塑料制品。
53.B。细节理解题。根据第五段中的”There is an increased threat of infection of
disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste.”可知受污染的塑料制品会通过食物链来影响人类。
54.C。推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，这篇 文章 最有可能出现在报纸上”环境与社会”这个栏目里。
55.D。作者意图题。本文通过介绍太平洋上漂浮的大量的塑料垃圾废物的情况，指出了它们对海洋中的生物以及人类的影响，所以D项正确。
第二篇：
60.D. 主旨大意题。本文主要就火山灰对人的健康的危害问题世卫组织和其他专家给出不同观点。A太笼统;B不能体现不同的观点;C与文章内容无关;D符合题意。
61. A. 细节理解题。第三段最后一句可知A是正确的;由第三段中During a volcanic eruption……in healthy people.可知B错误;由第三段中Other experts, however, weren't convinced…… cigarette smoke or pollution可排除C D。
62. D. 词义猜测题。由上文中volcanic ash is not all that harmful和下文中only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk可知D正确, 夸大的，言过其实的。
63.C. 由第三段 But once it falls from a greater distance….. effects are often minimal和第四段中 only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk以及第五段中 the further the particles travel, the more diluted and less dangerous they will be可知C正确。ABD观点表达绝对。
7. 高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧如下：
1、题型分类：主旨大意题，答题技巧：阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、细节理解题，答题技巧：可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。
3、推理判断题，答题技巧：推断题是考查大家透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。
4、词义猜测题，答题技巧：通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词。专业老师在线权威答疑 zy.offercoming.com
8. 英语周报高三外研2015-2016第38期阅读理解专练答案
英语周报高三外研2015-2016第38期阅读理解专练答案
阅读理解专练（四）
参考答案
1-5 DAABC 6-10 CBDAB
11-14 CBDC
解析
A篇（社会）
本文是记叙文。彬彬有礼、慈祥和蔼的英国女王伊丽莎白二世曾经还是一位会调试引擎、修理轮胎的“女汉子”。
1. D。细节理解题。由第一段中的women worked at jobs traditionally held by men, who were nowoverseas fighting可知，二战期间的英国妇女被允许在男性岗位上工作。
2. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的King George VI, thought it was too dangerous. But Princess Elizabethwould not take no for an answer可知，起初乔治六世国王拒绝了伊丽莎白公主想要参加A.T.S.的请求。
3. A。细节理解题。由第四段中的she learned to take apart an engine and then assemble it和第五段中的Princess Elizabeth worked oncar, truck, and even tank engines 可知，在A.T.S.服役期间，伊丽莎白公主学会了拆卸各种汽车引擎，俨然变成了一位汽车修理工。第四段的I'm a mechanic at last也是提示。
4. B。推理判断题。由第二段伊丽莎白公主经过数月说服父母同意她参军可知，她意志力坚定；再根据第五、六段描述伊丽莎白公主独自开卡车可知，她胆子很大。
5. C。推理判断题。由最后一段可知，年届八旬的伊丽莎白女王依然开车、骑马、管理农庄，由此推知，她的身体非常健朗。
B篇（自然）
本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家对野生狒狒饮食情况的研究结果。
6. C。篇章结构题。由第一段中的it seemed as if they ate everything. But did they really? ...Baboons should be picky eaters可推断，划线部分指代野生狒狒是否挑食这个谜。
7. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的the monkeys ate whatever they could find as long as the foods had alot of protein and fat可知，野生狒狒喜欢富含蛋白质和脂肪的食物。
8. D。细节理解题。由第三段中的baboons were smart ... remember a lot of things ... easily remembertheir friends and enemies可知，野生狒狒记性好。
9. A。段落大意题。第四段主要讲作者研究野生狒狒寻找食物的过程和方法。
10. B。推理判断题。由最后一段中的baboons did not find ... walked quickly and directly to baobab trees可推断，野生狒狒知道猴面包树的位置。
C篇（个人情感）
本文是议论文。文章论述了同理心的重要性。
11. C。细节理解题。由第二段末的They afterwards developed a friendship based on their commoninterest in Aristotle's ethics可知。
12. B。细节理解题。由第四段Furthermore, it's about recovering the curiosity everyone had as achild ... be an interested inquirer可知，成年人应该像孩子一样对他人感到好奇。
13. D。细节理解题。由第五段中的you borrow a person for conversation ... people you may not get tomeet in everyday life可知，在真人图书馆，你可以和比较特别的人聊天。
14. C。推理判断题。由最后一段中的without empathy a person is “emotionally tone deaf ”可推断，培养对他人的同理心很重要。
阅读理解专练（五）
参考答案
1-4 DAAC 5-9 BDCDA
10-14 CBBDB
解析
A篇（体育）
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了棒球泥的故事。
1. D。细节理解题。由第一段末的a deadly game及第三段开头的Back then ... hard to control和末句的One batter was even killed可知，在1938年前棒球是危险的运动。
2. A。推理判断题。由第四段中的improving the grip without damaging the leather可推断，这种泥使棒球更容易控制。
3. A。推理判断题。由第四段末的they gave his mud a thumbs-up. By the 1950s, every major-league teamwas using it可推断，裁判们认为Blackburne的方法很好。
4. C。标题归纳题。文章主要讲了棒球泥被发现和使用的历史，这种泥的位置目前仍是秘密，故C项最适合作本文的标题。
B篇（自然）
本文是说明文。文章介绍了江鳕的外貌、饮食、生活习性及生存现状。
5. B。推理判断题。由第二段中的The fish is ... not exactly pretty及最后一段中的unattractive ones可推断，江鳕长得比较丑。
6. D。细节理解题。由第二段中的They're a very greedy animal ... they really will eat anything theycan get可知，江鳕吃很多种食物。
7. C。细节理解题。由第三段中的burbot can be trapped under ice — they need cold temperatures to lay eggs可知，江鳕需要到冰下产卵。
8. D。句意理解题。由上文中的the only burbot in England ... preserved in jars可推断，悬赏的奖金一直无人领取说明江鳕已经在英国的海域消失了。
9. A。推理判断题。由最后一段中的But what about the unattractive ones ... speak up for the burbot可推断，作者对江鳕的现状很担忧。
C篇（人际关系）
本文是记叙文。一个阿斯伯格综合症患者被同学欺凌后的反应让人称赞。
10. C。细节理解题。由第一段中的Gavin, a teenager with Asperger's Syndrome ... affects a person'sability to socialize ... appears distant from his schoolmates可知。
11. B。词义猜测题。由第二段中的it's weird及 he wanted to be friends with people he didn't know可推断，一些孩子认为Gavin想和陌生人交朋友的行为很奇怪。
12. B。细节理解题。由第一段中的was beaten up just for being different及第二、三段可知，Gavin仅仅因为和别人不同而被打。
13. D。细节理解题。由倒数第二、三段可知，Gavin想让欺凌他的孩子们从这次事件中学到东西。
14. B。推理判断题。Gavin在被欺凌后不仅没有粗暴地报复，反而想办法让欺负他的孩子们从这件事上有所收获。再由文章开头的the end results are much more optimistic及第四段末的Gavin's reaction speaksvolumes可推断，他对待欺凌的方式值得称赞。
阅读理解专练（六）
参考答案
1-5 DCBCD 6-10 BADBC
11-14 BDAB
解析
A篇（家庭）
本文是记叙文。文章围绕父亲的礼物讲述了父子之情。
1. D。篇章结构题。由第二段开头的Dad made it及第三段开头的He gave me the little man in the bathtub可知，划线词指代父亲送给作者的礼物。
2. C。推理判断题。由第二段中的Carved out of ... hollow可推断，这个礼物制作精巧。
3. B。推理判断题。由第三段中的I cried while reading that ... how could Dad even think that?可推断，当作者读父亲的信时，他感到既伤心又惊讶。
4. C。细节理解题。由倒数第二段末的We both matured, and our relationship as alts was far better thanwhen I was younger可知。
5. D。细节理解题。由最后一段中的While I will forever treasure it, the little man in the bathtub willnever be finished可知，父亲走了，音乐盒永远都不可能完成了，作者为此深感遗憾。
B篇（文娱）
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了糖果乐园游戏的历史。
6. B。推理判断题。由第一段中的The kids were lonely and sad, and Abbott ... the perfectentertainment可推断，Abbott试图用这种游戏使患小儿麻痹症的孩子们高兴起来。
7. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的they loved it可知。
8. D。段落大意题。第三段中的It's possible that polio helped make Candy Land famous是主题句。小儿麻痹症在全国范围内传染期间，人们为避免被传染尽量不和别人接触。该疾病的影响加上其它的因素，共同为糖果乐园游戏的流行创造了极佳的条件。
9. B。细节理解题。由第三段可知，受二十世纪五十年代早期小儿麻痹症的影响，糖果乐园游戏流行起来。
10. C。推理判断题。由第一段可知，Abbott看到生病的孩子们孤独而伤心便想办法让他们高兴起来；再由最后一段可知，Abbott将自己得到的第一笔版税中的很多钱送给了当初在病房见到的孩子们。据此可推断，她是一个善良的人。
C篇（文学）
本文是应用文。文章是一则诗歌比赛的通知。
11. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的The poem must be about a specific person可知。
12. D。细节理解题。由第四段开头的E-mail entries to ... fax to可知。
13. A。细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的Include your real name ... 可知。
14. B。文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文是一则诗歌比赛的通知。
阅读理解专练（七）
参考答案
1-5 CCBAC 6-10 ACCDB
11-14 DACD
解析
A篇（饮食）
本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了SlushPuppie这种冷饮的由来。
1. C。细节理解题。由第一段中的One evening, Radcliff ... brainstorm some names for his would-beslushy drink可知C项说法正确。
2. C。细节理解题。由第三段中的An eight-ounce Slush Puppie contains 119 calories ... it has a verypleasant taste可知，SlushPuppie这种冷饮热量高，但很可口。
3. B。词义猜测题。由该词前后的by 1999 sales had reached $25 million a year和he eventually pushed his idea intoa global phenomenon可知，Radcliff非常机敏，他趁着饮料热销的势头将其推向国外市场。
4. A。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的he built a large farm and became a fierce advocate for landconservation可知，Radcliff之所以购买那片湿地是为了保护土地，这说明他是个关爱大自然的人。
5. C。标题归纳题。总览全文可知，文章主要介绍了Slush Puppie这种冷饮的由来，故选C项。
B篇（健康）
本文是说明文。研究表明过度降低食物盐分对身体有害。
6. A。推理判断题。由第二段中的1,500 for groups considered at greater risk, like alts older than50可知，美国政府建议健康的老人每天食用1500毫克钠。
7. C。词义猜测题。由第三段该词所在句中的but可知，scant与considerable（相当多的）意思相反，故选C项。
8. C。细节理解题。由第四段中的Consumption below that level showed increased risk of death andcardiovascular events可知，该研究认为，每天食用少于3000毫克的钠对健康不利。
9. D。推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的the new McMaster data are among the best available and that no studyhas shown a benefit from recing sodium consumption to below 2,300 milligramsa day可知，Strom支持该研究结果。
10. B。细节理解题。由最后一段可知，这些加拿大科学家建议高血压患者适当降低钠的摄入量。
C篇（社会）
本文是应用文。KarlaL. Miller就读者在工作上遇到的问题给出了她的建议。
11. D。细节理解题。根据信中的my boss has freely called me ... ring my off-hours and vacation可知，Sam的老板经常在非工作时间给他打电话或发邮件。
12. A。推理判断题。根据Sam信中的描述，尤其是最后一段的Iam ready to lose it可知，对于老板的行为，Sam感到很不开心。lose it情绪失控。
13. C。句意理解题。根据划线部分下文的but then continues to contact you以及Sam信中的Each time Iask, she apologizes and stops for a while, but ... 可知，此处的意思是“你的老板好像明白她所做的事情有些不妥，但是仍旧那样做，即在非工作时间给员工打电话或发邮件”。
14. D。细节理解题。根据Karla L. Miller回信中的最后一段内容You could ask her ... so you can be paid for it可知，Karla建议Sam好好和老板谈谈。