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考研英语阅读理解主旨题五道题

发布时间: 2023-09-08 16:03:03

① 英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧

英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧

由于大纲要求读懂议论文和说明文,而真正的考研当中大概95%都是议论文,而考议论文的话,最重要的就是考议论文最具有标志性的东西,也就是说议论文主要考的就是论点和论据,那论点表现在题目上最有标志性的就是主旨大意题。很多同学反应文章的主旨比较难抓,那我从文章的结构入手,旨在给学生梳理清楚!

【英语阅读题主旨大意题解题技巧】

(一)主旨大意题的命题规律

1.从考查的对象上划分,主旨大意题可分为两种:

(1)篇章主旨:针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多,其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。

(2)段落主旨:针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句,也可能不在此(几)句,需要从上下文中寻找或总结。

2.从考查的内容上划分,还可分为主题类(内容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的类(考查文章或段落的写作目的)和标题类(要求考生选出文章的最佳标题)三种。

主旨大意题经常用main idea, main point, key point, maintopic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about; purpose; best title等词语来表达。

(二)主旨大意题的常考点

1.段首、段尾句常考:段首、段尾句一般表达了文章的.中心思想,或者就是该段的主题句,对全文或全段起着提纲挈领的作用。

2.语义转折处常考:尤其是段首的语义转折,其后面往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点,即文章的中心思想所在。

3.因果句常考:因果句通常可以表现出作者的意图、观点甚至全文的主题,因此成为考点。

(三)主旨大意题的7招技巧

一篇文章的主旨往往会在文章的第一段或开头部分找到。作者会通过“首段提问法”、“转移重心法”、“独句段开头”、“类比开头”、“事例开头法”等约定俗称的方式暗示或引入主题。因此,解答主旨题时,大家要首先重点研读文章第一段和第二段的段首句。

1. 首段提问法

如果文章第一段的第一句话、最后一句话或者第二段第一句是一个疑问句,那么本文的主旨就很可能是对该问题的一个解答。在这里同学一定要注意的一点就是并列问句不是主旨。

2. 喜新厌旧类

如果文章第一段先描述一件事情,然后在本段或第二段首句出现转折词,进而表述另一件事情,那么本文主旨就是转折词之后的另一件事。这类题目多会考的一种题型是写作意图题。

3. 事例开头类

如果文章开头引用、叙述个人经历、讲述故事、描写一起事故等方式举例。其目的显然是要通过举例的方法引出文章主题。通常情况下,这类文章的主题都会在首段末句或第二段的首句。

4. 类比开头法

如果一篇文章开头或第一段涉及一项内容A,随后或者第二段开头用到“Now the same thing is happening to B”等表示类比的句型,那么,这时可以确定本文主旨是B内容。

5. 独句段法

如果一篇文章的第一段是一句话,那么本文的主旨就是本句话所表达的内容。

6. 大众观点法

如果作者在文章的开头引用大众的或他人的观点,其目的显然是要通过大众或他人引出自己的观点。通常情况下,这类文章的主题会在表述大众观点或他人观点的句子之后。

7. 各段分述法

有些文章的第一段可能并没有采用上述方法来引入主题,这时可以考虑本篇文章是否采用了“各段分述,围绕主题”的方法。

总而言之,主旨类题在考研英语阅读理解中占据着相当重要的位置,能否正确理解文章主旨,对于作对阅读题具有绝对的指导性意义。而且,尤为关键的是,掌握了文章的主旨,对于其他题目的选择有着相当强的指导作用。

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② 考研英语阅读做题方法汇总

简单来说,阅读是分题型的,面对不同的题型,有不一样的解题技巧。那根据题干的提问方式,分为五种题型,分别是主旨大意题,段落推断题,例证题,词义句意题,态度题。但不管是什么题型,我们都可以遵循的一个做题原则那就是题文同序。



题文同序简单来说就是一篇阅读如果有五段。那五道题的答案分别对应的位置就是从上往下的这五段,即第一道题的答案,大致就在文章的第一段。有同学会说;一定是这样的吗?当然没有这么绝对,英语是阅读理解,不是数学公式对不对,但是规律是这样的,也就是说,你第三道题的答案,绝对不会在文章的第一段里面找到。


现在确定了每道题的答案大致在哪里之后。具体一道题要怎么解呢?我们来看看不同的题型的解题技巧是什么?对于主旨大意题,首先你怎么知道是这种题型呢,那我想你一定见过这样的表达,what’s the best title of this paper?,那这就是主旨大意题了。那我要怎么解题呢。我需要通篇读完以后,自己大致思考后选一个吗?这样的话就花费时间太多,又不一定对。 那我们其实可以先通过题干解题。一般来说,如果有主旨大意题,那就是第五道题,我们可以看看这篇文章的前四道题的题干。看题干的什么呢?就是题干中反复出现的普通表达。进一步解释就是题干里面的名词,有没有出现不止一次。你想作者反复提及的一定是想要表达的主旨。


那万一没有反复出现的名词呢,那就去文章里面看了。但是我又不想看整篇文章呢,那我其实可以主要看一下前两段。其实这里面就涉及文章开始的第一段的表达形式。什么意思呢,就是说其实我们根据英语写作的规律总结出来,文章的主旨基本是以两种形式表达出来的:开门见山,抛砖引语。开门见山其实就在文章的第一段的第一句话,或者第二句话。抛砖引玉就是第一段的最后一句话,或者第二段的第一句话,或者第二句话。


那怎么判断是开门见山,还是抛砖引玉呢。就是根据句子的时态。如果文章一开始就是现在时,而且不是在举例子,且第二句话里面没有转折,那就是第一句是主旨了。如果文章一开始句子就是现在时,而且不是在举例子,第二句话有转折,且转折的这句话也是现在时,那就是第二句话。如果文章一开始句子的时态是过去式,或者是举例子的形式,那就是抛砖引玉了。


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③ 2019考研英语阅读常见六种主旨句总结

2019考研英语阅读常见六种主旨句总结:考研英语阅读考察中,常见考察主旨的题型,针对这一题型,我给大家总结了六种主旨句的特点,大家要认真学习哦。

1、考研英语阅读主旨句之首段独立型

如果一篇文章的首段是一句话,且该句独立成段,那么这个句子很有可能就是本文的核心论点,即文章主旨,起到高屋建瓴、提纲挈领的作用。同学们在见到这样的文章时要注意首句的作用。

2、考研英语阅读主旨句之提问型

如果文章第一段的首句、末句或者第二段第一句是一个疑问句,那么本文的通篇内容就很可能是对该问题的一个解答,主旨就隐藏在其中。同学们在阅读文章的时候要记得留意与提出问题相关的内容。

不过要注意,如果文章中有并列的两个或多个提问句,那就另当别论灶耐。同学们要灵活分析情况。

3、考研英语阅读主旨句之转折型

如果文章第一段先描述一件事情,然后在本段或第二段首句出现转折词,进而表述另一件事情,那么本文主旨就是转折词之后的另一件事。这是经常出现的一种主旨表现形式。

4、考研英语阅读主旨句之举例型

如果文章第一段出现了举例引用,如叙述个人经历、讲述故事、描写一起事故等,其目的显然是要通过举例的方法引出文章主题。通常情况下,这类文章的主旨句就在这一段的最后一句或第二段的首句。

5、考研英语阅读主旨句之类比型

如果一篇文章开头或第一段涉及某事件A,随后或者第二段开头用到类似"Now the same thing is happening to..."的类比银辩慎句式来引出某事件B。出现这种情况时,很有可能文章的主旨就是后出现的事件B。

6、考研英语阅读主旨句之抛砖引玉型

还有一场常见的主旨出现方式,就是先罗列大众观点或他锋敬人观点,其目的显然是要通过大众或他人的观点引出自己的观点。这种情况下,主旨句往往出现在表述大众观点或他人观点的句子之后。

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④ 2021考研初试|考研英语阅读理解部分题型结构

阅读理解
该部分由A、B、C三节组成,考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题,每小题2分,共60分。
A节(20小题):主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义,进行有关的判断、推理和引申,根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1 600词)文章的内容,从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节(5小题):主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。考生在答题卡1上作答。 备选题型有:
1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章,其中有5段空白,文章后有6~7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2)在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中,各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序,其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
3)在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容,从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。
C节(5小题)*:主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章,并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语,要求译文准确、完整、通顺。考生在答题卡2上作答。

⑤ 2021年考研英语一阅读主旨题简析

考研英语一考完哀鸿遍野,大家都觉得考试太难,文章读不懂,题做不出来。其实每年考研英语一阅读也没特别简单过,无非就是主观感受而已。决定大家答题体验的很大一部分是文章题材的熟悉程度,恰好今年考的话题铁路涨价,印度尼西亚脱贫项目,维多利亚时代人不爱笑,网络宽带反竞争争议可能都不在大家熟悉的领域。所以很多人觉得很难,但是实话实说,从答题的角度来说,今年题没有难到那个地步。尤其是英语一的的技巧题还是挺多的,基本用咱们课上讲的技巧方法来做都能快速做对。所以把技巧题拿下的话,就能解决很大一部分问题。其中比较典型的技巧题就是主旨题。我们来讲一讲。


主旨题其实不需要大家去自行总结归纳,而是需要去找主旨句来做题,只有比较少的的情况下需要串各段的主旨句来总结。比方说2021年英语一的四篇阅读中有三篇都有主旨题。


25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?


[A] Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?


[B] Constant Complaining Doesn't Work


[C] Can Nationalization Bring Hope?


[D] Ever-rising Fares Aren't Sustainable


30. What is the text centred on?


[A] The effects of a program.


[B] The debates over a program.


[C] The process of a study.


35. Which of the following questions does the text answer?


A. Why did most Victorians look stem in photographs?


B. When did the Victorians start to view photograph differently?


C. What made photograph develop slowly in the Victorian period?


D. How did smiling in photograph become a post-Victorian norm?


第25题考察全文主旨。需要考虑各段中都有所涉及的中心话题。本文第一段首句是个问句How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? 大意是“列车营运商如何能为铁路客运票价的再次上涨辩解?”属于开篇引出话题;二段首句提到“ such increases...再次复现主题词“票价上涨”,后面两段虽在开头讲到strikes,但还是主要围绕“费用上涨,旅客却没有得到应有服务” 以及“如果铁路继续涨价,将会导致国有化”,故正确答案D是原文的正确总结。选项A的strikes只在后两段提到,不能概括文章主旨。 选项B 中的Constant Complaining Doesn’t Work“不断抱怨没有用”,属于反向干扰。选项C的Nationalization“国有化”,也只是来自最后一段的内容,故排除。


第30题是更直白的主旨题,做题更明显。文章主旨往往在文章开头去找,第一段最后一句一开始就提到了the country 's antipoverty program国家的脱贫计划,后面提到了这个计划对环境的影响,比如说第三段第一句But the CCT programs don't generally consider effects on the environment.所以是选A 一个项目的影响。


第35题也是主旨题,也可以用技巧。根据全文脉络,B. When did the Victorians start to view photograph differently?什么时候维多利亚人开始对照片有不同的看法?属于细节信息;C. What made photograph develop slowly in the Victorian period? 什么使得照片在维多利亚时期发展缓慢?属于无中生有;A. Why did most Victorians look stem in photographs?为什么大多数维多利亚人在照片上看起来很严肃?及D. How did smiling in photograph become a post-Victorian norm?照片中的微笑怎么会成为,后维多利亚时代的标准?当中不难看出文中并没有说“如何”,而是在解释“原因”。因此正确选项A。二段提出问题我们如何解释大部分维多利亚人在照片中在背景画面前僵硬地摆着姿势,或者茫然地望着中间的距离?所以接下来说明原因。


由此可见,主旨题只要掌握方法,就能做对题,不管题目难易,方法总是有效的。所以拿住所有的技巧类题目,英语阅读几乎就解决了三分之一到一半的题目。


2021年考研英语一阅读主旨题简析的内容小编就说到这里了, 更多关于考研备考技巧,报名入口,考研报名时间,考研成绩查询,考研报名费用,准考证打印入口及时间等问题,小编会及时更新。希望各位考生都能进入自己的理想考研院校。希望大家能好好复习。取得佳绩。

⑥ 【考研英语】2010年考研英语阅读六大题型解题技巧

根据考试大纲要求和历年真题解析可以看出,考研阅读理解最常考的题型分别有:词汇含义题、主旨标题题、细节事实题、推理判断题、功能举例题、态度倾向题。

接下来我就扣紧这六种题型进行解题技巧的分析,并分别举出近两年的真题进行讲解。

燃大并词汇含义题

这是每年的必考题。其实质考查的并不是词汇量,而是考生在上下文语境下解析出词汇含义的能力,因此主要是上下文理解的能力。这种题型不需要全文定位,答案往往就在出题句旁边的三句话内。

我们将上下文的关系进行简单的解析,分成顺接和逆接两类。也就是说,如果这三句话内并没有出现任何的对比和转折,我们可以认为前后内容是一致的,逻辑是连贯的,那么划线部分的词义和前后是相同或相似的关系,它的意思可以通过前后两句得出。

如果中间出现了对比转折词,比如but, however, yet, nevertheless, instead of, in spite of, though, although, in contrast, while, on the contrary等,那么前后的关系就是相反或相对的。

(06-01)In spite of “endless talk of difference”,American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th——century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere。

21.The word “homogenizing”(Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means

[A] identifying [B] associating [C] assimilating [D] monopolizing

这题很典型,可以从两个角度来做题。首先从结构上来看,回到文中,会发现前面有in spite of,说明前后是对比转折的关系。因此,这个词的意仿盯思应该是与difference相对,从选项中可以看出只有C表示同化的意思。即使不认识这个词,也能从他的词根sim上看出similar,与difference相反的意思。

另外,这题也可以从词汇角度来做。因为提问的词是一个动词,所以可以从上下文中寻找动词。在后面两句中发现了be absorbed into,中间没有对比转折,说明两者是相同或相似的意思——被吸收。看一下选项,只有C是有同化、吸收的意思,自然就是正确答案。

主旨标题题

这个题型近年来是考查的重点,08年的真题考到了4个题目,同时它也是选项创新中最常实现的题型。它常常考查就是整篇文章或是某段落的主旨,或者要求为文章选一个合适的标题。

它的做法就是要找到文章的要点,而跳过行文中大量的细节。在一篇文章中皮迹往往最为重要就是文章的首末段,而在一个段落内往往最为重要的也是段落的首末句,因此这个题型的要点就是重点考查文章首末段的首末句,从中得到中心词以及文章的核心。

(07-03-35)Which of the following is the best title for this text?

[A] The Middle Class on the Alert [B] The Middle Class on the Cliff。

[C] The Middle Class in Conflict [D] The Middle Class in Ruins。

这是标题题,重点考查文章主旨。直接看一下文首末段的首末名来确定答案。从选项可以看出,重点是在讨论中产阶级(middle class),主题是一致的。

(首段)During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can rece a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months。

(末段)From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind。

从首句可以看出主干的核心动词是transform改变。后一句,主体意思表达也是中产阶级将变穷(rece to newly poor),因此这其中负面的意味非常明显。

从最后一段的首句,分析出主干后会发现对于中产阶级来说目前的局势完全不是机会,而是挑战,(looks far less like an opportunity, and more like a acceleration of risk)可以看出中产阶级的生活正在发生巨大的变化,处在悬崖边上(on the cliff),答案为B,其余的答案都太大和太小。

细节事实题

这是考研阅读考试中的重点题型,每年大概都有近一半的题目。主要考查的是对于文章具体细节事实的了解和判断,以及将文章内容和选项本身进行对比分析的能力。因此,这个题型最能体现句子解析能力,同时我们也发现做这个题的时候,词汇固然重要,但从结构上把握句子,有的时候能事半功倍,不完全认识词汇也能把题解决。

(07-01-23) According to Ericsson, good memory

[A] depends on meaningful processing of information。

[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises。

[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors。

[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration。

This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome。

这是完全开放的细节题,只能以选项进行一个一个的查找。A选项比较没有特色,我们先看B,里面的两个词intuitive、cognitive不是太熟,但可以发现它们在文中是原词再现的。对比一下,会发现在结构上就不同。文章是the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one,选项是results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises,文章强调的是more的后面cognitive,而选项强调的是rather than的前面intuitive,明显是不同的。

再看C,文章中是memory itself is not genetically determined,选项是is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors,强调的是rather than的前面genetic,这与原文相反,排除。

再看D, 文章是it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 选项是requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration,文中提到了goals, feedback, concentration三个内容,而选项中只有后两者,信息明显缺失,排除。

再看A,定位到文章后发现文中是And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 其中的encode与选项中的process是同义转化,答案为A。

推理判断题

本题型考查的是在细节事实的基础上进行推理的能力,要求指出作者想说而实际未明确说出的话。常在题干中出infer, imply, suggest, indicate, learn等词。重点就在于要根据作者的思路来进行推理,而不要主观套上个人自己的经验和想象。同时要注意范围,基本的做法和细节事实差不多,也是定位后进行对比分析。同时会发现包含一定的模糊词汇选项往往是正确选项,因为推理的过程是一个从已知到未知的过程,常常会留有一定的余地。

(07-03-33)It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks。

[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges。

[C] financial problems may bring about political problems。

[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status。

(末段)From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind。

直接定位到最后一段。首先观察选项,发现A,B,C三个都有模糊词汇tend to, may, may是我们重点看的对象,再者可以发现三个选项都极为有规律,都是主谓宾结构,而且A和C的主语一致,都是经济和财政问题,B为中产阶级,三者的宾语也一致,都是政治问题,因此我们以政治问题进行定位,回到最后一段,发现只有最后一句才提到政治问题。因此,我们从一整段的定位缩到一句话。

考察一下最后一句,发现主干的意思就是“政治的fallout开始了,而经济的fallout也不远了”,fallout是难词,跳过,我们发现在讨论经济与政治的关系,直接把B排除,与这句无关。

再看A和C,两者的区别是两个动词,outweigh, bring about。看到最后一句的结构,A开始了,而B也不远,明显这是我们在细节题中提到的因果关系的一种引申。考研英语中因果关系的表达多种多样,这也是其中的一种,因此我们可以认为政治的某个东西与经济的某个东西两者间是因果的关系,再看选项,可以发现A和C中的两个动词,outweigh是超过的意思,排除,bring about意为带来,是一种因果关系,与原句契合,再看一下D,发现它毫不相关,因此答案为C。

功能举例题

这几乎可以说是考研专属的题型,四级和六级从来不会考到,因此同学在备考的时候要引起足够的重视,每年都稳定在3个题目左右。它的核心在于考查文中提出到某个例子是何作用和功能。在题干中常常会看这样的词汇:提到,mention, note, cite, 例子,example, case,作用,demonstrate, illustrate, justify, argue, make the point, talk about等。

这个题型的重点在知道功能和作用是源于例子,高于例子,例子本身的内容并不重要,因此,例子内部的细节如果在选项中出现,往往是我们首先排除的选项,重要的是要找到这个例子的点题句,答案往往就是它或是它的同义转化。

(07-01-21)The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to

[A] stress the importance of professional training。

[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup。

[C] introce the topic of what makes expert performance。

[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others。

Mention表明这是功能题。定位就是以soccer,birthday这个词进行定位。因为是第一题,肯定是在前面。

If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced。

What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above。

可以看出,文章的整个第一段都是在讨论有关足球的事情。说明这一整段都是例子本身,都不是要我们关注的内容。

对比一下选项,可以发现,A,B,D中都是第一段细节的重现,professional training, World Cup, soccer等都是细节,直接排除,得到答案C。

态度倾向题

这是个小题型,每年都是一题或是不考,但备考过程中也需要准备。它考查就是作者或是文章中的人物对于主题或某事物的态度和倾向,因此,寻找能表明态度的感情色彩词是最为重要的。如果是个全文的态度题,那么我们需要考查的就是全文各段的段首,感情色彩词往往是以动词、形容词和副词居多。

(07-02-30)What is the author’s attitude towards IQ test?

[A] Supportive [B] Skeptical [C] Impartial [D] Biased

这是全文态度题,查看各段首句,重点查找感情色彩词。

第一段是引入话题,可以跳过。

第二段首句:Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. 可以看出作者并不是完全赞同IQ测试,clearly这个词明显表明了作者的态度,排除A。

第三段的首句:The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. 说明作者认为测试手段还是会用到IQ。

第四段话锋一转,such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg。其中主干谓语是may not assess all, 直接就表明作者认为这种测试并不是万能的,对其测试结果有一定的怀疑。C和D与原文不符,所以答案为B。

⑦ 如何应对考研英语阅读理解中的主旨题

主旨题主要看文章的首尾段和贯穿全文的主题词,一般是名词。
如果这样还选不出来,那么可以看一下每段的首尾句,并重合起来提取反复提到的主题。

⑧ 英语一阅读高频考点及解题技巧

2018年考研的时间也不多了,这时候拼的是爆发力,拼的是方法和效率,每个科目复习都要集中精力做更利与提分和决定成败的部分,在阅读理解上要抓住一些常考知识点和技巧就行了。以下是我推荐英语一阅读高频考点及一些解题技巧的知识,欢迎阅读!

英语一阅读高频考点

一、as结构

regard…as…(2011)

call…as…(2011)

use…as…(2004)

consider…as…(2004)

treat…as…(2014)

portray…as…(2012)

view…as…

see…as…

look upon…as

treat…as…

think of…as…

二、否定词

2011 Q22 细节题---猜词 unpretentious-modest

2011 Q39 细节推理题---猜词 unrealistic-misleading

2012 Q26 词义题 reneging on-dishonoring

2012 Q40 态度题 but, bad-disapproval

2013 Q23词义题 indictment-accusation

2014 Q24 细节推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy

2015 Q27 态度题 discard-disapproval

三、特殊标点

2013 Q34 细节题 冒号

2012 Q24 细节推理题 冒号

2012Q 29 细节题 冒号

2011 Q36 观点题 冒号

2007 Q31 细节题 冒号

2012 Q36 推理题 分号

2013 Q25 主旨题 分号

2014 Q38 细节题 分号

英语一阅读解题技巧

阅读解题技巧

一、细节题

【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法

【解题步骤】

1. 找题干关键词,精确定位到文章(题干的关键词一般会定位到文章的某句或者相连的两句中)

2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章

【例题】2012年Text1

22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.

[A] recruit professional advertisers

[B] learn from advertisers' experience

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at recing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

【解题步骤应用】

1 题干定位:段落的最后一句

Rosenberg--- Rosenberg

holds---argues

that---that

public-health advocates--- public-health advocates

should---ought to

因此,答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

2 选项定位

答案[B] learn from advertisers' experience

learn from---take a page from 表"学习"。

experience---skilled 表示"有经验的,很娴熟的"。

二、推断题

【解题方法】找段落中心句

寻找段落中心句方法:

第一、逻辑上出现转承关系的句子(转折、因果、递进,即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示词的句子);

第二、有明确表示观点的路标指引词(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)

第三、含有情态动词的句子(should, must…)

第四、含有特殊标点的句子(冒号、破折号、引号、括号)

第五、特殊句型(疑问句、倒装句、强调句、省略句)

第六、平铺直叙段落中,注意首末句

【解题步骤】

1. 根据题干,寻找该段落中心句,

2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

【例题】2009年Text4

37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.

[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history

[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life

[D] were obsessed with religious innovations

To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

【解题步骤应用】

1. 寻找段落中心句(转折处)

But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.

2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

New Englanders--- the original Puritans

brought with ---carriers

them---the original puritans

the culture---culture

old world---European

三、态度题

【解题方法】作者态度分类法

1. 在判断感情色彩时,应结合以下两点。

1)作者态度可以分为三大类:a. 正向态度:支持,乐观,赞同; b. 客观、中立、公正;c. 负向态度:反对、批评、怀疑

2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中,而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。

2. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意:

1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项):indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。

2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的,如:strongly;completely;entirely。

3. 态度题的新趋势:

1)现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度,也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度,做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。

2)选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词,而是改为带有程度限制的词语,带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的:guarded慎重的,qualified有条件的,tempered缓和的,因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观,一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的,如:strongly completely entirely

【解题步骤】

1.判断选项ABCD的态度正负向,将四个选项进行分类(正向,负向)

2.根据关键词,回文定位判断态度。

【例题】2015年Text 2

They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.

27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of

[A] disapproval.

[B] indifference.

[C] tolerance.

[D] cautiousness.

【解题步骤应用】

1 判断选项态度的正负向

[A] disapproval反对的(负)

[B] indifference漠不关心的(中立)

[C] tolerance包容(正)

[D] cautiousness谨慎的(正)

2 回文判断态度

They should start by discarding California's lame argument

因此,根据文章的discarding,可以确定是表示负向否定态度,因此答案选A。

四、主旨题

【解题方法】1串线法 2主题词复现法 3框架法

【解题步骤】

1. 找出段落中心句或者主题词

2. 串联各段段落中心句,合并同类项,即可得出全文主旨

【例题】2008年Text 1

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to proce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproctive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

【解题步骤应用】

1. 总结每段中心

Para1 女性比男性压力大

Para2 从生物角度而言,女性比男性压力大

Para3 现实中,女性比男性压力大

Para4 女性和男性面对的压力的不同特点

Para5 举例论证女性压力的特点

Para6 女性压力的现状及应对建议

2.合并同类项,即可得出全文主旨

Para1 women men stress

Para2 women men stress

Para3 women men stress

Para4 women men stress

Para5 women stress

Para6 women stress

Para1-Para4 women men stress(两性压力不平等)

Para5-Para6 women stress(压力下的女性)

正确答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

考研英语阅读命题点预测

特殊标点符号

有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象,因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉:逗号、冒号、括号、破折号、引号以及问号。

(1)逗号:两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容,通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。

【真题回放2000-Text5】

Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”

69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.

[A] they think of it as immoral

[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth

[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits

[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible

(2)冒号:其解释说明或者高度概括。

【真题回放2007-Text4】

① It never rains but it pours. ② Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. ③ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich instries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.

36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introce

[A] the fierce business competition.

[B] the feeble boss-board relations.

[C] the threat from news reports.

[D] the severity of data leakage.

(3)括号:其解释说明作用。

【真题回放2006-Text2】

① Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (②The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.③ Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)④ The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.

[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending

[B] the company is financially ill-managed

[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable

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