英语阅读与理解作者观点
❶ 职称英语解题技巧:领会作者的观点、意图和态度
与掌握所读材料的主旨和大意类似,领会作者的观点、意图和态度也是阅读理解题中较难解答的问题。回答这类题首先要在阅读过程中注意体会和觉察作者的观点、意图和态度。这种信息有时是直接表达的,但更多的是间接、含蓄的流露。不过,作者的这种主观情感和态度往往和全文的主题和要点相关联。所以,在根据主题和主旨的同时,应注意揣测作者的观点、意图和态度。
下面是这类题的一些常用的提问方式:
1. The author's main purpose in this passage is
2. The author's purpose of writing this passage is __
3. In this passage the author's attitude toward ...could best be described as
4. What is the author's attitude toward
5. The author's main thought is that __
6. The author probably feels that
7. The author appears to feel that
8. Which of the following does the author want to illustrate in discussing ...?
9. In this passage the author looks on ... with an attitude of
10. What is the tone of the passage?
11. What is the author's opinion about ...?
12. The author uses the example of... to show that ________
例1
I entered the hotel manager’s office and sat down. I had just lost £50 and I felt very upset. "I left the money in my room," I said, "and it's not there now." The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. "Everyone's losing money these days." he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained £50. "I found this outside this gentleman's room." she said. "Well, "I said to the manager, "there is still some honesty in this world!"
1. What did the writer believe had happened to his money?
A. He had left his money in the manager's office.
B. Someone had stolen his money.
C. The manager had the money.
D. The girl had stolen the money.
作者说:“I left the money in my room,and it’s not there now”,这句话的含义就是 “He believed that someone had stolen his money”。因此,选项B是正确答案。
例2
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on indivial tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encour~/ge our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
1. In the passage the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is ________
A. critical B. questioning
C. approving D. objective
本题考核学生是否读懂作者对混合编班的态度。要回答该问题,首先要清楚四个选项的不同含义。选项A表示作者持“批评的”态度,选项B表示作者持“怀疑的”态度,选项C表示作者持“赞同的”态度,选项D表示作者持“客观的”态度。根据文章的第一段内容,可以看出作者是持“赞同的”态度,所用的人称代词也是we,因此答案是选项C。如果是持“客观的”态度的话,则人称代词不会用we。
2. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's _______.
A. personal qualities and social skills
B. total personality
C. learning ability and communicative skills
D. intellectual ability
本题要求根据文章的意思推测作者的观点。根据第二段的内容,可以看出学生的total personality(总体素质)包括了academic ability or intellectual ability, personal qualities和 social skills。也就是说这些能力都是total personality的方方面面。再看一下这一段的第二;三两句,可以得出正确的答案应该是选项8。其他几个选项的意思都不全面,都不能反映作者的充分开发学生的全面能力的主张。
3. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to______.
A. argue for teaching bright and not—SO-bright pupils in the same class
B. recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities
C. offer advice on the proper use of the library
D. emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
本题要求读者了解作者写这篇文章的意图是什么。文章讨论了两种上课的方式: streaming pupils把学生按能力分班进行教学,和mixed—ability teaching把程度不齐的学生混班上课。并对比列举了前者的弊端和后者的种种优点。因此A项是正确的答案。而选项B、c、D中提到的几种做法均为mixed.ability teachin9的具体做法,都不能看做是作者写这篇文章的目的。这个题目要看懂全文才能够答对。
❷ 英语阅读理解表示作者观点的形容词有哪些
态度观点信号词:
论点:认为,相信: argue , argument , believe , suppose, think , be convinced that [相信] ,
hold the belief that … , have a notion that …,view…as , regard….as , see…as, consider….to be, reckon [算作,设想],
论据: for example , for instance ,specifically, take… as an example
like , such as … , Imagine …. ,
调查研究:investigation , inquiry [hold aninquiry into a case对一个案子进行调查]
research, study, survey, report , questionnaire[调查问卷],measurement ,
调查研究结果:
得出结论: conclude that … ,come to a conclusion that …. ,
draw a conclusion that …
表明,发现: show , suggest , demonstrate ,manifest [清楚地显示或表示]
display, find , find out, discover, reveal , prove
indicate, imply,
预测、预报、预言: forecast , foretell, foresee, predict
表示赞同: agree, appreciate意识到, 懂得 , approve赞成、批准, consent to同意
表示反对: against , disagree, disapprove,dissent from, object to ,
be opposed to反对
表示事实: belief , fact , reality, truth
表示理论,设想:assumption , theory, hypothesis [假设]
表示目的: to do, aim at, for the sake of , for ,serve as, in favor of [有利于],
for the purpose of, intend to do ,
论据中常见专家名称:
expert , specialist , professor , associate professor [副教授], sociologist [社会学家],economist,linguist[语言学家],consultant [顾问] psychologist [心理学家],
behaviorist [行为学家],philosopher[哲学家] , anthropologist [人类学家],
archaeologist [考古学家]
逻辑信号词-路标词
1,表示因果的
原因:后接句子 --- Because, since , as , for
后接词组 --- because of , thanks to由于,多亏 , owing to 由于, 因...之缘故, e to , as a result of 作为结果,
by/in virtue of [由于]
* The movie touched me by virtue of its story.
结果: so(that), accordingly[因此]; as a result;consequently; for this
(that)reason; hence; therefore
此外:表因果的特色词汇
比如A 是因,B是果:Greenhouse effect is responsible for weather change
A account for / be responsible for B
Acause / lead to / result in / bring about / bring on / trigger /give riseto B
2,表示转折的
“但是,然而”:but , however; yet , nevertheless, whereas
“尽管,虽然”:后接句子 --- although , though, even though , while ,#
notwithstanding
后接词组 --- despite; in spite of
“相反地”: conversely[相反地] ; on the contrary;
“另一方面”: on the other hand;
3,表示比较的
by comparison ; in contrast (相比之下); in the sameway; similarly
4,表示递进的
also; besides; furthermore; in addition; in particular(特别地)more importantly; moreover; What’s more
5,表示概括的
in brief; in conclusion; in short; in a word , in sum; to sum up; on thewhole , to conclude
6.表示并列:
and , or , at the same time, meanwhile , as well as
一、态度词汇总
1.积极:approving 赞许的,,optimistic 乐观的, sympathetic 同情的, consent 赞成
2.消极:negative否定的,消极的,反面的,pessimistic 悲观的,apprehensive 忧虑的,reserved 有保留的,内向的,arbitrary武断的, biased有偏见的,偏心的, partial 不公平的, critical持批评态度的, depressing 令人沮丧的,disappointing令人失望的, doubtful怀疑的, object反对, be opposed to/opposing反对的, scared惊恐的,panick恐慌, sensitive敏感的,subjective主观的, suspicious怀疑的
3.中性:objective 客观的,impartial 公平的, unbiased公正的
4. 情绪:anger愤怒, indignant 愤怒的r, happy高兴的, contempt轻视, gloomy沮丧的
5.其它: surprized惊奇的, amazed惊奇的, puzzled迷惑的, ambiguous模棱两可的, neutral中立的,indifferent漠不关心的, subjective 主观的
6.对态度的修饰词:reserved有保留的, cautiously谨慎地, enthusiatic热烈的, strong强烈的, radical激进的
二、态度词分析
1.可能的态度:
考研阅读考的的态度有两种,一种是作者,另一是非作者的其它人。就作者而言,主要是表明对事物的观点看法,于是有:正面的各种支持,负面的各种反对;说到两种观点时还有很可能是客观中立;还有少量的惊奇、担心等。而非作者的其它人,对某事物还可能是某种情绪,如愤怒、轻视等。
2.不可能的态度:
Subjective: 说一个人的态度是主观的,如同说一个人的历史是“已经过去的”——废话。态度不可能是“客观的”,注意objective作为正确答案时的“客观”实际意思是“不偏不倚”,而不是与“主观“相对的“客观”。总之,subjective不可能正确。
Indifferent: 如果作者对某事物漠不关心,哪来这么多废话?以下是就作者而言不可能的态度,因为作者的态度就是文章的观点,而文章的观点显然在选到考试里的时候会经过过滤:有问题的文章不会入选。所以会有下面的技巧。作者态度永不错误:也就是说作者的态度不可能是明显错误的。如果作者的观点明显partial或者incorrect, 这篇文章不会入选社会主义制度下的考研或任何一种考试。因为作者的态度就是文章的观点。激烈的enthusiastic, strongly等:观点比较温和,才符合我们的价值取向,不走极端。与之相对应,如reserved,cautiously存活率才更高。应当容易理解。作者对事不对人:情绪化的东西如对人的愤怒、轻视等也不会是作者的态度。
positive adj.肯定的,实际的,积极的,,确实的
favorable adj.赞成的,有利的,赞许的,良好的
approval n.赞成,承认,正式批准
enthusiasm n.狂热,热心,积极性
supportive adj.支持的,支援的
defensive为……而辩护
negative adj.否定的,消极的,负的,阴性的
disapproval不赞成
objection异议
opposition反对
critical批评的
criticism批评批判
disgust vi.令人厌恶,令人反感vt.使作呕
warning
detestation n.憎恶,厌恶的人,嫌恶
indignation愤慨
contempt n.轻视,轻蔑,耻辱,不尊敬
compromising n.妥协,折衷v.妥协,折衷
worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的
suspicion n.猜疑,怀疑
suspicious adj.(~of)可疑的,怀疑的
doubt
doubtful adj.可疑的,不确的,疑心的
question
puzzling adj.使迷惑的,使莫明其妙的
objective adj.客观的
neutral adj.中立的
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的
disinterested adj.无私的
imprejudiced adj.没有偏见的
unbiased adj.没有偏见的
unprejudiced adj.公平的,无偏见的,没有成见的
detached不含个人偏见的
subjective adj.主观的,个人的
indifference n.不关心
tolerance n.宽容,容忍,忍受
pessimism n.悲观,悲观主义
gloomy adj.黑暗的,阴沉的,令人沮丧的,阴郁的
optimistic adj.乐观的
sensitive有感觉的,敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的
scared adj.恐惧的
reserved adj.保留的,包租的
consent vi.同意,赞成,答应n.同意,赞成,允诺
radical adj.激进的
moderate adj.中等的,适度的,适中的v.缓和
mild adj.温和的,温柔的,淡味的,轻微的,适度的
ironic adj.说反话的,讽刺的
confused adj.困惑的,烦恼的
amazed adj.吃惊的,惊奇的
worried
concerned adj.关心的,有关的
apprehensive adj.担忧,担心
mixed喜忧参半
biased有偏见的
indignant adj.愤怒的,愤慨的
objective客观的
concerned关注的
confident adj.自信的,确信的
interested adj.感兴趣的,有成见的,有权益的
optimistic adj.乐观的
positive正面的
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的,感人的
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的
neutral中立的
impersonal adj.非个人的
factual adj.事实的,实际的,根据事实的
detached不含个人偏见的
negative消极的
indifferent漠不关心的
depressed消沉的
subjective主观的
pessimistic悲观的
unconcerned不关心的
contemptuous adj.轻蔑的,侮辱的
hostile adj.敌对的,敌方的
biased片面的
一、肯定词
positive adj.肯定的,实际的,积极的,确实的
favorable adj.赞成的,有利的,赞许的,良好的
approval n.赞成,承认,正式批准
enthusiasm n.狂热,热心,积极性
supportive adj.支持的,支援的
defensive为……而辩护
二、否定词
negative adj.否定的,消极的,负的,阴性的
disapproval不赞成
objection异议
opposition反对
critical批评的
criticism批评批判
disgust vi.令人厌恶,令人反感vt.使作呕
detestation n.憎恶,厌恶的人,嫌恶
indignation愤慨
contempt n.轻视,轻蔑,耻辱,不尊敬
compromising n.妥协,折衷v.妥协,折衷
worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的
三、怀疑
suspicion n.猜疑,怀疑
suspicious adj.(~of)可疑的,怀疑的
doubt v.怀疑
doubtful adj.可疑的,不确的,疑心的
question v.怀疑
puzzling adj.使迷惑的,使莫明其妙的
四、客观词(即好的坏的都说,选的可能性极大)
objective adj.客观的
neutral adj.中立的
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的
disinterested adj.无私的
imprejudiced adj.没有偏见的
unbiased adj.没有偏见的
unprejudiced adj.公平的,无偏见的,没有成见的
detached 不含个人偏见的
五、主观词
subjective adj.主观的,个人的
indifference n.不关心
tolerance n.宽容,容忍,忍受
pessimism n.悲观,悲观主义
gloomy adj.黑暗的,阴沉的,令人沮丧的,阴郁的
optimistic adj.乐观的
sensitive有感觉的,敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的
scared adj.恐惧的
reserved adj.保留的,包租的
consent vi.同意,赞成,答应n.同意,赞成,允诺
radical adj.激进的
moderate adj.中等的,适度的,适中的v.缓和
mild adj.温和的,温柔的,淡味的,轻微的,适度的
ironic adj.说反话的,讽刺的
confused adj.困惑的,烦恼的
amazed adj.吃惊的,惊奇的
concerned adj.关心的,有关的
apprehensive adj.担忧,担心
mixed喜忧参半
biased有偏见的
indignant adj.愤怒的,愤慨的
六、积极词
objective客观的
concerned关注的
confident adj.自信的,确信的
interested adj.感兴趣的,有成见的,有权益的
optimistic adj.乐观的
positive正面的
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的,感人的
七、中立/折中
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的
neutral adj.中立的
impersonal adj.非个人的
factual adj.事实的,实际的,根据事实的
detached 不含个人偏见的
八、消极词(这类词通常不是解的选项)
negative 消极的
indifferent 漠不关心的
depressed 消沉的
subjective 主观的
pessimistic 悲观的
unconcerned 不关心的
contemptuous adj.轻蔑的,侮辱的
hostile adj.敌对的,敌方的
biased 片面的
❸ 做英语阅读题时,该怎样做才能最快地理解全文并找到答案
英语学习是很多学生头疼的事情,特别是由于阅读题是很多学生的拦路虎,在此,我有以下几条建议帮助学生最快的理解全文并找到答案。
❹ 英语阅读中态度类问题理解技巧
英语阅读中态度类问题理解技巧
阅读能力的是高中英语教学中一个非常重要的组成部分,是核心内容之一。阅读能力的高低直接影响学生运用英语的能力。下面是我分享的英语阅读中态度类问题理解技巧,一起来看一下吧。
关于作者的态度类问题(Attitude)
阅读理解的'最后一题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度(Attitude)、全文的基调(Tone)、文章的出处(Source)及对文章前后接续内容的判断等。
关于态度或基调(Attitude/Tone)类题的回答应从篇章的体裁着手,一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在议论文中,作者的观点才会显得多种多样,常风的选项有:
(1) positive(积极的)
(2) negative(消极的)
(3) neutral(中立的)
(4) approval(赞成的)
(5) disapproval(不赞成的)
(6) indifferent(漠不关心的)
(7) sarcastic(讽刺的)
(8) critical(批评的)
(9) optimistic(乐观的)
(10) pessimistic(悲观的)
引类问题的几种提问方式
(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to …?
(2)What’s the tone of the passage?
(3)The author’s view is _______
(4)The writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________
(5)The author suggests that _________
(6)According to author __________
有文章中,作者观点明确,文章基调清楚,而有的文章中,作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度和观点,需要阅读时仔细琢磨。解答这类问题时,首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意有些表明作者观点词汇,如形容词、动词等。
对文章的出处及文章前后接续内容判断等可从全篇着手,从个别句子或词汇找线索进行判断。
Example :
I am not so na?ve ,however ,as to believe that sex is responsible for this unfortunate situation of the American woman. I am not a feminist , but I am an indivialist. I do not believe there is any important difference between men and women. certainly not as much as there may be between one woman and another or one man and an-other. There are plenty of women and men, for that matter who would be completely fulfilled in being allowed to be as lazy as possible. If someone will ensconce them in a pleasant home and pay their bills, they ask no more of life. It is quite all right for these men and women to live thus so long as fools can be found who will pay so much for nothing much in return. Gigolos , male and female, are to be found in every class and in the best of homes. But when a man does not want to be a gigolo, he has the freedom to go out and work and create as well as he can. But a woman has not. Even if her indivial husband lets her, tradition in society is against her. In this passage the author looks on the situation of women with an attitude of .
A) amusement
B) indifference
C) disapproval
D) condemnation
此篇文章中,作者对待这一问题的态度十分明确、强硬(如用语I am not …等等 ),因此只参在选项C和D中选择。而从文章中的"gigolos",’fools’等词可看出作者不仅不赞成而且态度更甚。所以,选项C程度还不够,这一题的正确答案是D。
;❺ 英语阅读理解题怎么判断作者的态度
英语阅读理解题怎么判断作者的态度?阅读理解都会至少有一道考作者对某问题看法或者态度的题目,这类题目首先大家要对选项中的态度词进行辨析,如果连这几个态度词都不认识的话,别谈做题了。其次就是对文章主旨进行把握,文章的主旨就是作者要表达的内容,从而作者的态度也会包含在其中。
一.情感态度题的词语选项
1.褒义词
impartial(公正的)
rewarding(有回报的)
appreciative (欣赏的)
positive (肯定的, 积极的)
optimistic (乐观的)
useful (有用的, 有益的)
admiring (赞赏的, 钦佩的)
interesting (有趣的)
instructive (有益的, 教育性的)
enthusiastic (热心的, 热情的)
supportive (支持的)
support(支持)
approval (赞成, 承认)
approving (满意的)
onfident (自信的, 确信的)
impressed (留下印象的)
reverent (尊敬的)
polite (有礼貌的, 文雅的)
2.贬义词
apprehensive(担忧的)
hostile (敌对的)
bious(怀疑的)
intolerant (不能容忍的)
negative (否定的, 消极的)
pessimistic (悲观的, 厌世的)
subjective (主观的, 个人的)
disappointed (失望的)
frustrated (失败的, 落空的)
critical (批评的)
questioning (质疑的)
doubtful (可疑的, 不确的)
compromising (妥协的)
dissatisfied (不满意的, 不高兴的)
biased (有偏见的)
satirical (讽刺的)
puzzling (迷惑的)
suspicious (怀疑的)
gloomy (令人沮丧的)
scared (恐惧的)
cynical (愤世嫉俗的)
oppose (反对)
opposition (反对)
disgust (令人反感)
disgusting (令人厌恶的)
worried (闷闷不乐的)
depressed (沮丧的)
contemptuous (轻蔑的, 侮辱的)
arbitrary/opinionated (武断的)
3.中性词
analytical (分析的)
apathetic (缺乏兴趣的)
concerned (关心的)
cautious (谨慎的, 小心的)
neutral (中性的)
objective (客观的)
impartial (公平的, 不偏不倚的)
indifferent (无关紧要的)
impassive (冷漠的)
detached (超然的,不偏不倚的)
unconcerned (不关心的)
uninterested (不感兴趣的)
humorous (滑稽的, 诙谐的)
disinterested (无私的)
sensitive (敏感的)
factual (事实的, 实际的)
informative (提供资讯的)
persuasive (说服的)
personal (个人的)
formal (正式的)
informal (非正式的)
casual (偶然的)
二.情感态度题常见出题位置
1.直接表达作者或者其他人态度的句子。
2.一些感情色彩较浓的词语,尤其是形容词、动词和副词等。
3.首段和末段。
4.出现转折的地方,如nevertheless, however, but, yet等。
5.文章中一些情态动词后面的内容,这些情态动词有should, shouldn’t, must, mustn’t等。
三.情感态度题正确答案选项的特点
1.很多情况下,作者只是在客观描述一种现象或是一个观点,所以objective作为正确选项的频率极高。
2.一般来说,indifferent不会是正确选项,因为作者如果对一个事件漠不关心、就不会专门撰文。另外,像cynical, disgust, desperate等词语如果出现也不会是正确选项,因为一般考研阅读理解所选的'文章不会带有如此强烈的情感,如谩骂、攻击等。
3.如果作者开篇就提出了一个观点,而全文中有没有转折和对比的内容,一般来说作者对这个观点持支持态度。
4.如果作者开篇提出一个观点或者引述了别人的观点,而后文出现重要的转折,对上述观点进行批评后者否定,那么作者自己的观点往往与开头提出的观点相反。
5.如果选项中出现了一对反义词,那么正确答案往往是这对反义词中的一个,考生可以忽略其余两个选项。
6.总结历年的文章,我们发现在关于社会科学和人文科学的文章中,一般来说如果作者都会有支持的态度;在关于自然科学的文章中,作者的态度则经常是objective, analytical等。
四.情感态度题干扰答案选项的特点
1.选项没有体现作者的观点,甚至是相反的意思。
2.选项中张冠李戴,把别人的观点放到了作者头上,或者把作者的观点放到了别人的头上,要加以区分。
3.上文中提到的indifferent 及其同义词和近义词等,以及包含强烈情感的词语。
五.情感态度题解题方法
1.找到直接表述作者态度的句子,对应相应的选项。
2.如果没有明确表述态度的句子,则从文章的字里行间把握文章的整体基调。
3.注意不要混淆自己的态度和作者的态度,也不要混淆作者的态度和文中其他人的态度。
❻ 英语阅读理解中关于作者的态度的词汇有哪些
共分为赞同、否定、怀疑、客观、主观、积极、消极、中立八种态度。词汇如下:
一. 赞同
positive 肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, , 确实的
favorable 赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的
approval 赞成, 承认, 正式批准
enthusiasm 狂热, 热心, 积极性
二. 否定
negative 否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的
disapproval 不赞成
objection 异议
opposition 反对
critical 批评的
criticism 批评批判
disgust 令人厌恶, 令人反感vt.使作呕
三. 怀疑
suspicion 猜疑, 怀疑
suspicious (~ of) 可疑的, 怀疑的
doubt怀疑,疑惑
doubtful 可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的
question 疑问,怀疑
puzzling 使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的
四. 客观
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
impartial 公平的, 不偏不倚的
disinterested 无私的
imprejudiced 没有偏见的
unbiased 没有偏见的
unprejudiced 公平的, 无偏见的, 没有成见的
detached 不含个人偏见的
五. 主观
subjective 主观的, 个人的
indifference 不关心
tolerance 宽容,容忍,忍受
pessimism 悲观, 悲观主义
gloomy 黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的
optimistic 乐观的
sensitive 有感觉的, 敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的
scared 恐惧的
reserved 保留的, 包租的
consent 同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成, 允诺
radical 激进的
moderate 中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和
六. 积极
objective 客观的
concerned 关注的
confident 自信的, 确信的
interested 感兴趣的, 有成见的, 有权益的
optimistic 乐观的
positive 正面的
impressive 给人深刻印象的, 感人的
七. 中立/折中
impartial 公平的, 不偏不倚的
neutral 中立的
impersonal 非个人的
factual 事实的, 实际的,根据事实的
detached 不含个人偏见的
八. 消极 (通常不作为选项)
negative 消极的
indifferent 漠不关心的
depressed 消沉的
subjective 主观的
pessimistic 悲观的
unconcerned 不关心的
contemptuous 轻蔑的, 侮辱的
hostile 敌对的, 敌方的
biased 片面的
❼ 阅读理解:观点态度题解析
阅读理解:观点态度题解析
想要学好考研英语怎么能不知道观点态度阅读题的做题方法呢?下面就让我为大家详解一下吧。
考研英语阅读理解观点态度题主要考查的是考生对作者的意图、观点或态度的理解和把握。这种题型要求考生把握作者写作某篇文章的目的,明白作者对文章所论述的观点和中心所持的态度。考研英语试卷对这一部分的考查主要表现为情感态度题。该题型常问作者对某事是什么态度:主观(subjective)还是客观(objective);肯定(positive)还是否定(negative);赞成(approval)还是反对(opposition)等等。
这种题目对考生而言难度较大,迷惑性也较强,因为命题专家是针对整篇文章设问,考生很难找到具体对应的语言点,所以要把握整篇文章。例如作者在谈一件事时是 用反讽的口气,还是赞成的语气,此类题所给的答案选项一般是四个形容词,考生应在审题时就把握好这四个形容词所表达的意思,然后返回文章去寻找信息。特别 提醒考生要牢记所遇到的构成作者态度题选项的每一个形容词。做文章作者态度题时,千万不要把考生自己的态度揉进文章中,同时要注意区分作者本人的态度与作 者引用的观点态度。
理解作者的意图、观点和态度是近几年考试的热点题目,考生在做此类题时要把握这样的判断原则:既纵观全文,掌握主题思想有要注意文章的措辞,把握文章的基调或主旨(tenor),又要分清文章的`话语范围(field)及话语方式(mode)。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词,显然是赞成。若用贬义词,显然是反对。若是客观陈述,则是中性的立场,不偏不倚。注意:作者态度常常在转折词后表明出来,因此but一词至关重要(还有类似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等)。
该题型常见的提问形式有:
(1)The tone of the passage can best be described as ____
(2)The tone of the passage would be _____
(3)Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage____
(4)What is the attitude of the author towards____
(5)How does the writer feel about______
(6) The writer is of the opinion that_____
(7)The author seems to be _____
情感和态度在考研中大致可分为三类:happy/ unhappy; security/insecurity; satisfaction
dissatisfaction, 它们作为标记语反映出作者对某个现象采取的姿态,并从情感的角度评价该现象。因此,考生既要依靠文章的中心思想作为前提,又要注意作者的措辞,尤其是作为修饰语的形容词。我们以2003年的阅读Text 4为例具体说明这一点:
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people inJapanandSweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.
59. In contras to theU.S.,JapanandSwedenare funding their medical care .
[A] more flexibly
[B] more extravagantly
[C] more cautiously
[D] more reasonably
作者用limits, ineffective, painful这些消极的词语暗示了美国医疗卫生系统的缺憾,通过把握这些词语,我们就能得出D为正确选项。所以我们对语言的理解是有一定差异的,又如尼克松签订1972年公报时,对“一个中国”原则,他手下的修辞专家用了acknowledge 而不用recognize。因为后者是正式的,外交的,打心底里的承认,而前者是一种模糊,对某种既成事实的有限度接受,但在中文里出现的就是我们理解的“承认”。
可见考生在平时的单词理解中要结合不同的语境,不同的文章体裁,综合地认知寓意,才能透彻地理解作者的意图。
另外,判断作者情感态度除了关注作者的措辞,还要可以通过关注作者的举例角度和讲解角度,来判断文章作者的态度倾向:如果作者的一直论述某事物的积极地向上 的方面,其态度基本上是积极乐观的;如果作者举例论证某观点时,给的例子是正面的,那么我们同样可以判断作者的态度是积极乐观的;如果作者的论述有好有 坏,举例有正面有反面,我基本上可以判断作者的态度是客观的。同样,我们通过具体的真题案例进一步解释这一点。
再例1997年第54题:
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened inAustralia. It’s world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. InAustralia-- where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In theUSandCanada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an alt patient can request death -- probably by a deadly injection or pill -- to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.
54. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.
[A] opposition
[B] suspicion
[C] approval
[D] indifference
我们通过阅读该文,不难发现文章首段记述了安乐死法案通过以及当时在全球引起的反响,首段作者使用“it is world history”, 来表达他对该事件的态度,认为它意义重大;紧接着在第二段,作者首先讨论世人对此态度不一,但是作者通过转折,指出这个潮流不太可能被逆转了。第三段,作 者用一个肺癌病人为例,该病人认为安乐死法案的通过意味着自己可以平静地度过最后的时光,不用担心临死前要遭受的折磨。很明显这个事例是认识安乐死法案的 通过是一件好事。那么文章就作者的态度命题,答案肯定是approval。
;❽ 求:英语四级阅读理解中表示作者观点态度的英语单词(加汉语解释)3Q
这个有很多的,常见的有think(认为),prefer(更喜欢)always(总是)never all only noone hardly possibly often
很多是以转折体现版的:but,however(但是)
as far as i see/know/concerned(就我而言权)