英语四级阅读材料积累
频率出现七次的词汇
raise
意 义 vt.举起、提高、提升;筹集、征集;唤起、引起;养育、饲养、种植;提升,增加(工资)
搭 配 raise one’s hand 举手
raise one’s hat to sb. 向某人举帽致敬
raise doubts in people’s minds 引起人们的怀疑
raise a child 养育孩子
raise farm/corps 饲养
raise funds 筹集资金
raise salaries 增加薪水
raise standards of service 提高服务水平
辨析 raiselift raise 多指由低处垂直举往高处,不一定费力
lift 指用力或机械把重物提高到较高的位置
risearisearouse rise v.上升
arise v.发生
arouse v.激发起
真 题 though______in san francisco, dave mitchell had always preferredto record the plain facts of small-town life. 答案
a)raised b)grown c)developed d)cultivated a
频率出现六次的词汇
extend
意 义 vt.延伸;扩展、扩大;提供、给予;vi.伸展、延伸;(在范围或应用上)达到
构 词 ex(向外)+tend(伸展)
变 形 extension. n.伸出、伸展;延长部分;电话分机
extensive a. 广大的、广阔的;广泛的
intensive a.加强的,深入细致的
搭 配 extensive knowledge 广博的知识
to extend credit/visa 延长信贷限期/签证
extensive reading 泛读
extensive discussion 广泛的讨论
辨析 enlarge expand enlarge v.扩大,放大
expand v.使膨胀,扩张
extend lengthen prolong extend 指直线状的伸展,引申指扩大势力、范围。
lengthen 指增加长度或延长时间。
prolong 指时间过程延长到超过通常或正常的限度。
真 题 it is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge. 答案
a) extensive b) expansive c) intensive d) expensive a
intensive
意 义 a.加强的,集中的,深入细致的;集约(经营)的,精耕细作的
构 词 ex(向外)+tend(伸展)
变 形 intensity n.强烈,剧烈;强度
intensively adv.加强地,集中地,深入细致地
搭 配 intensive study 深入细致的研究
intensive reading 精读
intensive agriculture 集约农业
labour intensity 劳动强度
look at sb. with intensity 深情地看着某人
辨 析 intense 意为“非常的;强烈的”,常用于形容某种性质或感情,表示很高或达到极端的程度。
intensive 含有intense的意思,但更强调“精细的;集中的”。an intense attack 全线的攻击;an intensive attack 集中某一点攻击。
真 题 the patient’s health failed to such an extent that he was put into____care. 答案
a)tense b)rigid c)intensive d)tight c
the relationship between employers and employees has been studied________ 答案
a)originally b)extremely c)violently d)intensively d
频率出现五次的词汇
available
意 义 a.现成可使用的,在手边的,可利用的;可取得联系的,可得到的
构 词 a(to)+vail(value,价值)+able(后缀)----有利用价值的-----可利用的
搭 配 make sth. available to/for 使…可以享受某物;使….买得起某物
the only available room 唯一可用的房子;
辨 析 available a. 现成可使用的,在手边的,可利用的
handy a. 手边的,就近的,便利的,敏捷的
at hand 在手边,在附近,即将到来
真 题 convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are______in grocery stores. 答案
a)ready b)approachable c)probable d) available d
in general,the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total ____for living expense. 答案
a)acceptable b)available c)advisable d)applicable b
charge
意 义 n.控告,指控;主管,看管;费用,价钱;负荷,电荷,充电
vt.索价,要......支付;控告,指控;使承担(任务、责任等);使负荷,使充电
搭 配 in charge of 主管,看管
in(under)the charge of 在……的掌管下
charge sb.with 指控某人………
charge(sb.)…(money)for sth. 要价,要(某人)付….(钱)买某物
take charge 开始管理,接管
a positive/negative charge 正/负电荷
be on charge 正充电
at modest charges 以公道的价格
charge for trouble 手续费
charge a battery 给电池充电
辨 析 accuse accuse 指的是严重程度不等的犯罪或冒犯行为,accuse与介词of连用,
charge charge所指的是正式控告或指责具有违法性质的行为,charge与介词with搭配.
真 题 she was complaining that the doctor was ________too much for the treatment he was giving her. 答案
a)expending b)offering c)costing d)charging d
this hotel ____$60 for a single room with bath. 答案
a)charges b)demands c)prices d)claims a
case
意 义 n.事例,实例,事实,情况;病例;案件;箱,盒,套;手提箱
搭 配 a case in point 有关的事例,例证
a case in point 恰当的例子
in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
in case 假使,以防(引导虚拟语气)
sum up the case 概括事实
in case of 假如,如果发生;防备
in no case 无论如何不,决不
in this/that case 如果这样.那样的话
a case of measles 麻疹病例
appeal a case 申述
pack a case 装箱
in the case of 就…..来说,至于
as the case may be 看情况,根据具体情况
辨 析 case 事实,事例,情况,其可笼统地指一个完整的论题,也可表典型的事例,也可用于表医学上的病例或法律上的案例.
instance 为正式用词,指从事实中援引单独事例,隐含其典型性
重难点 语法规则:in case意为“假使;免得,以防(万一)”。in case引导的从句可以用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,虚拟形式为should+动词原形
真 题 i was advised to arrange for insurance _____i needed medical treatment. 答案
a)nevertheless b) although c)in case d)so that c
i left for the office earlier than usual this morning _________traffic jam. 答案
a)in line with b)for the sake of c)in case of d)at the risk of c
we left the manager a note________ he wanted to know where we were. 答案
a)if b)in case c)so that d)unless b
the lawyer advised him to drop _________,since he stands little chance to win. 答案
a)event b)incident c)case d)affair c
effect
意 义 n.结果、效果; v.实现、使生效
变 形 effective 有效的,生效的,起作用的;给人印象深刻的;实际的,事实上的
effectively 有效地、起作用地
搭 配 bring/carry/put into effect 实行、实现
take effective measures 采取有效措施
effective range 有效射程;
effective ways of recing pollution 降低污染的有效方法;
take effect 生效、起作用
to the effect that 大意是
effective 有效的、起作用的
in effect 实际上、实质上
come/go into effect 生效
to no effect 无效;毫无结果
辨析 effectconsequence effect 指明显的原因所产生的后果。
consequence 可指没有明确原因的后果或效果。
effective valid effective 表示能产生实际的效果。
valid 指仍为权威部门认可,可以继续使用,是法律用语。
真 题 they took _______ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. 答案
a) fruitful b) beneficial c) valid d) effective d
though the long-term___ can not be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee. 答案
a)affect b)effect c)result d)consequence b
the new appointment of our president ______from the very beginning of next semester. 答案
a)takes effect b)takes part c)takes place d)takes turn a
transmit
意 义 vt.播送、发射;传送、传染
构 词 trans(从…到….)+mit(发送)
变 形 transmission 播送、发射 ;传送、传染
搭 配 transmit knowledge from one generation to another 把知识由一代传给另一代
transmission of news 消息的传播;
transmit news by radio 由无线电发送消息
真 题 american football and baseball are becoming known to the british public through televised _________ from the united states. 答案
a)transfer b) deliveries c) transportation d) transmissions d
some diseases are ___ by certain water animals. 答案
a) transplanted b) transformed c) transported d)transmitted d
communication is the process of_______a message from a source to an audience via a channel. 答案
a)transmitting b)submitting c)transforming d)switching a
cultural________indicates that human beings hand theirs languages down from one generation to another. 答案
a)translation b )transition c)transmission d)transaction c
relate
意 义 vi.有关联;适应,和睦相处;vt.使互相关联;讲述,叙述
变 形 relative 相关的,有关的;相对的,比较的;亲属all human values are relative,so beauty is relative to the beholder's eyes.
relatively 相关地,有关地;相对地,比较地
relation 亲属
搭 配 relate to/with 有关联
relative to 有关,涉及
in/with relation to 有关,涉及
close/near relation 近亲
distant relation 远亲
真 题 it is difficult to______cause and effect in this case. 答案
a)unite b)think c)relate d)describe c
频率出现四次的词汇
transform
意 义 vt.使改观、改革;变换
构 词 trans(从….到….)+form(形式)
变 形 transformation n. 改观、改革;变换
transformable a.能改变的,能改造的
搭 配 transform….into….. 把…变成…
辨 析 transform change 两词有时可互换,但在骤然改变和神秘地改变时,须用transform
真 题 the twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural 答案
a) tradition b) transportation c) transmission d) transformation d
the coming of railways in the 1830s______our society and economic life. 答案
a)transformed b)transported c)transferred d)transmitted a
transfer
意 义 vt.搬、转移;调动、转移;转让、过户 vi.转移;调动、转移;转车、转程
n.调动、转移
构 词 trans(转移)+fer(运送,传送)
变 形 transference n.转移,转让
transferable a.可转移的,可转让的
transferer n.转让者
搭 配 transfer one’s affection 变心
transfer company 转运公司
transfer from a bus to a train 由公共汽车换乘火车
transfer title to land 转让土地所有权
transfer the property 转让财产
辨析 transfer move 在表示“调动”时,transfer含有在同一大集团中工作或任职的变更的意思,不强调升、降职的意味,只是工作性质的变化。transfer还可表示感情的转移或货物的运输,一般不用move替换。
move 表示从静止状态开始移动,可以是短距离、小范围或长距离、大范围的移动,也可指不改变位置的活动。
真 题 he hoped the firm would ______ him to the paris branch. 答案
a) exchange b) transmit c) transfer d) remove c
adapt
意 义 vt.使适应,使适合;修改,改编 vi. (to)适应
变 形 adaptable a.能适应的,适应性强的
adaptive adj.适应的
adaptation n.适应,适合,改编
adaptor n.编剧者,改编者
搭 配 adapt to 使适合,使适用
adapt from 根据……改写/改编
adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于
辨析 adapt 指作出较大的修改或改变以达到目的。如:she had to adapt herself to local conditions.她必须使自己适应当地的情况
adjust 指作些不重要的轻微调整以便符合要求或适应新情况。如:adjust one's watch/glasses对表/扶眼镜
fit 多指“大小适合”,引申为“吻合”
suit 多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”
match 指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称”
真 题 the newcomers found it impossible to ________themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country. 答案
a)suit b)adapt c)regulate d)coordinate b
i suggested he should________himself to his new conditions. 答案
a)adopt b)suit c)regulate d)adapt d
alter
意 义 v.改变,改动,变更
变 形 alterable adj.可变的,可改的
alterant adj.改变的
alteration n.变更,改造
辨析 alter 部分地改变,不失去本性;
change 本质地变化,甚至失去本性,或一种东西退换了另一种东西;
vary 由更替、多样化或生长的变化而引起的一个或一连串变化。
convert 指从一种状态或情况转变为另一种,尤指用于新的目的或用途。
真 题 if your new coat is too large ,a tailor can _____it to fit you. 答案
a)alter b)exchange c)alternate d)change a
she had to _______her dress because she had lost weight. 答案
a)transform b)shift c)alter d)cut c
arise
意 义 vi.(1)产生,出现,发生;(2)(from)(由……)引起,(由….)产生,起源于;(3)起身,起床
变形 arose arise的过去式
arisen arise的过去分词
辨析 arise arise和rise都可用于来表示“起床”和“站起身”的意思。arise常用于较抽象的主语之后
rise 常用于具体的场合
raise 是及物动词,意为“举起;使起来;提高;提出”
arouse 也是及物动词,意为“唤醒;激起;引起”
搭配 arise from/out of 由….引起,起源于
真 题 many difficulties have _____as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel. 答案
a)risen b)arisen c)raised d)arrived b
a completely new situation will ______when the examination system comes into existence. 答案
a)rise b)arise c)raise d)arouse b
assemble(最近出现在2002年12月28日34题)
意 义 vi.集合,聚集;vt.集合,聚集,召集;装配
构 词 as(到)+semble(一起)
变 形 assembly n.集合,装配,集合,集结,汇编;
形似词 resemble 像,类似
搭 配 assemble the jury 召集陪审团
assemble evidence/material 收集证据/材料
assemble the parts of a watch 装配表的零件
assembling shop 装配车间
assemble a machine 组装一台机器
assemble in the school garden 在校内集合
辨析 gather (常用词)指“收集”、“聚集”、“集合在一起”
collect 指“有计划、有选择地收集”
assemble 指“为某一特定目的而收集”
muster 特指“召集部队”或“为检阅、检查而召集”
真 题 if the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _____in the courtyard. 答案
a)assemble b)converge c)crowd d)accumulate a
everybody ________in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary. 答案
a)assembled b)accumulated c)piled d)joined a
adopt (最近出现在2002年12月28日34题)
意 义 vt.采纳,采用;采取(态度等;收养
变 形 adoptable a.可采用的
adoption n.采用,收养
adoptive a.采用的,收养的
adoptee n.被收养者
adopter n.养父母
搭 配 adopt a strong attitude 采取强硬态度
adopt an idea 采纳意见
adopt measures 采取措施
adopt new methods 采用新方法
adopt a child 收养孩子
adopt the report 正式通过这篇报告
adopt a resolution unanimously 一致通过一项决议
辨 析 adopt 两词都有“采纳’、“采取”的意思。adopt 指采纳别人的意见、技术等。
embrance embrance表示自愿地或急切地采纳或接受。
真 题 the old couple decided to _____a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own. 答案
a)adapt b)bring c)receive d)adopt d
impress
意 义 vt.给…..深刻的印象;铭记;印,压印
构 词 im(里面)+press(压)
变 形 impression n.印象,感想;印记,压痕
impressive a.给人印象深刻的,感人的
搭 配 impression of(about) 对….的印象
impression on 给……留下的印象;
make an impression on 给某人留下印象
impress sb. with …. 以(因)….给某人留下印象
impress….on sth. 给某物盖上…..(印)
be impressed by(with) 对…..留下印象,惊叹
真 题 what_____me most ring my visit in your country was the friendship your people have for our people. 答案
a)depressed b)expressed c)oppressed d)impressed d
regard
意 义 vt.把 看作,对待,认为 (as);尊重,尊敬
n.致意,问候;方面;尊重,尊敬
变 形 regardless 无论如何,不计后果的
regarding 关于
搭 配 without regard to 不考虑
regard…..as……… 把….认为
regardless of 不惜,不顾
in/with regard to 关于,就…..而论
give one’s regards 代某人向…..问好
in the regard 在这点上,关于此事
as regards 关于,至于
辨 析 regard 强调从外表形象得到的认识
consider 强调经过仔细考虑而认为
真 题 every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ____the color of his skin. 答案
a)with the exception of b)in the light of c)by virtue of d)regardless of d
the goal is to make higher ecation available to everyone who is willing and capable his financial situation 答案
a)with the respect to b)in accord with c)regardless of d)in terms of c
after a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute_______. 答案
a)being settled b)to be settled c)had settled d)as settled d
in that country, guest tend to feel they are not highly______if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. 答案
a)admired b)regarded c)expected d)worshipped b
rise
意 义 vi.升起,上升;起立,起床;上涨,增高,增加;反抗,起义
n.上涨,增高,增加;兴起,(地位的)升高;岗,坡,高地
搭 配 give rise to 引起,导致,为……的原因
rise above 克服,不受……的影响
rise to 起而应付,证明能够应付
辨 析 arise 没有“上升”之意,多指“产生、发生和出现”,常用于抽象事物
rise 使用范围广,既用于具体事物的“上升、增长”,又用于抽象事物的“上涨、发生”
raise 与以上两词不同的是,此词是及物动词,表示把某具体事物抬起高处或提高某抽象事物(工资、地位等)
真 题 last year the advertising rate________by 20 percent. 答案
a)raised b)aroused c)arose d)rose d
your improper words will give_________to doubts concerning your true intentions. 答案
a)rise b)reason c)suspicion d)impulse a
our hopes ________and fell in same instant. 答案
a)arose b) raised c)rose d)aroused c
result
意 义 n.结果,效果vi.导致,结果是(in);起因于,因 造成(from)
搭 配 as a result 因此,结果
in the result 作为结果,到后来
with the result that 结果是,因此
without result 毫无结果的
as a result of 作为….的结果,由于
result in 导致
result from 因….而造成
辨 析 result result可指一系列effects的最后结果或事故等的后果
effect effect更常用于指某种原因的必然或直接结果
真 题 a love marriage ,however,does not necessarily much sharing of interests and responsibilities. 答案
a)take over b)result in c)hold on d)keep to b
a complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should new operating proceres 答案
a)result in b)match with c)subject to d)proceed with a
view
意 义 n.看法,见解,观点 ;观察,视域,眼界;景色,风景 vt.看待,考虑,估量;观察
搭 配 in view of 鉴于,由于,考虑到
view to 以……为目的,着眼于,关于
with the view(或a) view of 以……为目的
view....as.... 把.....看作
on view 展示中,陈列着的
with a view to (doing)sth 为了(做)某事
in one's view/in the view of sb. 依某人看
opposite/different view 相反的/不同的看法
an view card 风景明信片
air one's views 公开发表意见
辨 析 view 强调个人分析、处理问题的观点、见解或态度。与opinion相比,view更为全面、系统、坚信不疑。
opinion 指或多或少经过考虑得出的看法,但这种看法往往有初步的、不十分肯定的意味。
真 题 although i liked the appearance of the house ,what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful ______through the windows. 答案
a)vision b)look c)picture d)view d
we`gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came_________view. 答案
a)from b)in c)before d)into d
in britain,and on the continent too,the japanese are sometimes viewed______a threat to domestic instries. 答案
a)like b)with c)for d)as d
短语词汇频率(10次以上)
出现22次的短语词汇
take
搭 配 take after 与…相象
take apart 拆开(机器等)
take…as 把…理解为
take away 拿走,夺去,使离去;减去
take down 取下;记下;拆卸
take for 认为,以为;误认为
take on 接受;包含;领会;承担,从事;呈现,具有;开始雇佣
take into account 把…考虑进去
take issue with sb. 与某人争论
take off 拿走;脱下(衣帽等);起飞
take oneself off 走开,离去
take up 拿起;着手处理;占去
take sb. to task 责备某人,申斥某人
take to 开始;对…产生好感;形成的习惯
take up 占去,占据;开始从事
take over 占据;接任(职位)
take out 拿出;去掉;扣除;(通过申请等)取得,办理;(on)对….发泄
take out loans 借贷
take aback 使吃惊,使困惑
take back 收回(说错的话);使回忆起
take in 接受,接纳,吸收;包括;领会,理解;欺骗
take effect 生效
take turns 轮流
take up with 与….成为朋友
take out on 对….发泄
真 题 the new appointment of our president ______from the very beginning of next semester. 答案
a) takes effect b) takes part c) takes place d) takes turns a
frequently single-parent children ___some of the functions that the absent alt in the house would have served. 答案
a) take off b) take after c) take in d) take on d
our son doesn’t know what to _____at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future. 答案
a) take in b)take over c) take up d) take after b
i’d ______ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan. 答案
a) take into account b) account for c) make up for d) make out a
出现15次的短语词汇
go
搭 配 go back on 违背(诺言等); 毁(约)
go for 竭力想取得,喜爱,适用于
go in for 从事,致力,爱好;追求
go into 研究,调查,进入
go on 继续,发生;接近
go through 经历,详细检查;完成
go with 伴随,与…..协调;与…持同一看法
go without 没有…… 也行
on the go 很忙
to go 剩下的,未完成的
go against 反对;对….不利
go after 追求/赶; 设法得到
go about 着手做,处理,忙于
go up 上升,增加,建起;(物价等)上涨
go under 下沉,沉没;失败;破产
go round/around 足够分配; (消息)流传
go over 检查,审查;复习,重温
go out 外出;熄灭;走出(房间等);罢工;公布,播出
go out of one's way 特别费心(做事)
go off 爆炸,发射;动身,离开;去世;
go off with 拿去;抢走;拐走
go down 下降,降低;被载入,传下去; (船等)下沉
go by 过去
go ahead 开始,前进;领先; 取得进展
go at 攻击;着手/努力做
go along 进行,进展;(with)赞同
go into action 开始行动
go together 相配;恋爱
go by 走过,放过;依照
go abroad 出国
go out of one’s mind 变得神志不清
真 题 the early pioneers had to _____ many hardships to settle on the new land. 答案
a) go along with b) go back on c) go through d) go into c
the terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in athens, set to ___ when it arrived in new york. 答案
a) get off b) carry off c) go off d) c
② 大学英语四级阅读真题长难句型分析
大学英语四级阅读真题长难句型分析
引导语:下面我就给大家带来大学英语四级阅读真题长难句型分析,谢谢您的阅读,祝您阅读愉快。
长难句一
Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升级) systems. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干:courses can run (on...)
Although 引导让步状语从句。investment in...表示“在......方面的投资”。不定式to support... 是宾语investment 的补足语,“项目需要投资来支持相关软件”(因为)support 的逻辑主语不是programs 而是investment,所以该不定式应该是补语,而非目的状语)。译文:虽然一些规模更大的课程需要斥资增加新的服务器、扩建网络来支持配套的软件,但大部分远程教育课程可以在现有的或稍加升级的系统上运行。
长难句二
While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the procts they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:it is clear that...
句首的While 引导让步状语从句,“尽管”......。it is clear......中,it 是形式主语,省略连接词that 的从句there is...才是句子的真正主语。in ensuring...是there be 句型的状语成分,“在确保......方面”。ensuring 后面接的是省略that 的宾语从句。
译文:虽然有许多好而有用的声明,但是,很明显,要确保购买者完全知晓所购产品对环境的影响还需要很长的时间。
长难句三
They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, "Geez, if it could happen to him,..."(08.12 Passage 1)
主干:They only come in
1.when引导时间状语从句,而且引导两个并列的从句:a friend drops dead...以及they think...。引号中的是直接引语,作think的宾语。
2.本句在理解上的一个难点是,they think究竟是与they come in并列还是与a friend drops dead并列。从语言形式上看,两种理解都可以;但从语义逻辑上看,应该是“他们只有在想到...的时候才来”,把they think归到时间状语从句中更合理。
译文:只有当一位朋友在高尔夫球场猝死时,他们才来看医生。他们会想到:“哎呀,如果这样的事能发生在他身上,...”
长难句四
Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. (07.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:I would fight...
when 引导时间状语从句。本句理解上的难点不在语法结构,而在语言本身所表达的'内容。was pushed into...表明作者不是主动参与这类争论的。an argument on...“在......方面的争论”。on my behalf “代表我自己,为我自己。”
译文:有时候,当我与别人争论左脑与右脑的问题,或者是先天天赋与后天培育的问题时,我会马上站在我的立场以及所有女性同胞的立场上给予狠狠的反驳遥。
长难句五
As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:the ideas will come out and let themselves be captured...
句首的as 引导时间状语从句。主句部分是复合谓语,有两个由and 连接的并列谓语。
译文:随着话语开始流淌,思想也会逐渐明朗化,使自己呈现在你的笔记本或者屏幕上。
长难句六
While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry‘s. (06.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:the government has granted her permission and she has returned to...
While 引导时间状语从句。本句主句是由and 连接两个分句构成的并列句,两个分句都用了现在完成时,与状语从句的一般现在时对照来看,表明主句中的两个动作都是在await 期间完成。grant 后面接了双宾语,间接宾语是her,直接宾语是permission。
译文:在她等待结果出来期间,政府给予她在美国的工作许可,她已经返回到她在Ben & Jerry 冰激凌连锁店的工作岗位。
长难句七
Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter‘s experience. (07.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:I had to accept the fact...
Because 引导原因状语从句。该从句用了know little about...结构,about 有两个宾语。that 引导的从句是即farm animals 和angels,中间用or 连接,两个名词分别都有定语从句加以修饰。主句部分fact 带有that 引导的同位语从句。
译文:因为我对会使用工具的家畜和上一年级的天使一无所知,所以我得承认这样的事实:我在借用我女儿的经验。
长难句八
The I SO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on proct packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:院The standards ban claims本句只含一个原因状语从句,结构上较为简单。值得注意的是,句中的名词词组大多含有修饰成分,如:The ISO labeling standards, claims on proct packaging, terms such as...。
译文:ISO 标识标准禁止在商品的包装上出现模糊的或会引起误导的产品说明,因为我们无法证明类似“环保”、“无污染”等这样的字样。
长难句九
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and scheles on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主干:distance learning signifies a course
1.句首While 引导状语从句,有让步、对比之意。
2.in which 引导定语从句修饰a course,该从句本身是and 连接两个分句构成的并列结构,两个分句分别讲到有关老师和学生的情况。post... on Websites 结构中,post 含有3 个宾语。
译文:虽然网络课程提供的教学形式会各不相同,但远程学习通常都表现为这样一种课程:教师将课程大纲、阅读作业及课程进度安排在网站上公布,学生通过电子邮件提交作业。
长难句十
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:they cannot work...
While 引导让步状语从句,“尽管......”。从句中的employ 表示“采用”,不定式to get...作目的状语。work in parallel“并行不悖地起作用”。no matter how 也引导让步状语从句,表示“无论多么......”。
译文“尽管要完成定稿这两种思维都不可或缺,可是它们却不能并行着参与写作过程-----无论我们多么认为原本如此。
长难句十一
Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:people may be "well"
主句的主语people 有一个who 引导的定语从句修饰。if 引导条件状语从句,从句中的they can 是省略形式的定语从句(相当于they can maintain),修饰health。
译文:在这种新的意义上来说,甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”,如果他们在面对身体缺陷时尽力去达到可能的最好健康状况的话。
长难句十二
Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:people may be "well"
主句的主语people 有一个who 引导的定语从句修饰。if 引导条件状语从句,从句中的they can 是省略形式的定语从句(相当于they can maintain),修饰health。
译文:在这种新的意义上来说,甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”,如果他们在面对身体缺陷时尽力去达到可能的最好健康状况的话。
长难句十三
Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:you will believe that... and you will end up staring...
本句主句是and 连接两个分句构成的并列句。前一个分句中,that 引导的从句作believe 的宾语,该宾语从句中又包含一个由than 引导的比较状语从句。后一个分句中,谓语部分是end up doing 结构,staring...作主语补足语。
译文:你很有可能会以为这样加工整理素材会让你时间不够用,结果是最后随着交稿日期的逐渐临近,你将只是盯着稿件发呆。
长难句十四
Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:the show inspired designers
本句是简单句。过去分词短语Organized by...在句中作状语,用以补充说明主语的背景信息。谓语部分用了inspire sb. to do 结构,不定式短语to work with...是宾语补足语。
译文:这次时装秀由总部位于纽约的非盈利组织Earth Pledge 主办,激发了许多顶尖设计师第一次使用不破坏生态平衡的布料设计时装。
长难句十五
This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:Wal-Mart is set to announce a (major) initiative: it will buy (transitional)cotton...
1.本句冒号后的内容是对前文initiative 的详细阐述,相当于一个同位语从句。
2.冒号前的分句中,谓语动词用了be set to do 结构,过去分词短语aimed to...是initiatives 的后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。
3.冒号后的分句中,结构简单,其中helping to...是现在分词短语,作谓语动词buy 的状语,表示目的。
译文:本周沃尔玛超市准备出台一项重大举措,目的在于帮助棉农种植有机棉:沃尔玛将以更高的价格收购过渡型的棉花,以此帮助扩大一种重要有机原材料的供应。
长难句十六
Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. (07.12 Passage 2)
分析主干:I offered suggestions (for...)
句首的Telling 是现在分词,作状语,表示伴随动作:它带了一个宾语从句,从句的表语writer 后接了一个作定语的现在分词guiding...。主句部分的介词for 带有三个名词作宾语,与suggestion 连用,表示“对.......的建议”。
译文:我对自己说,我只是一个有经验的作家,在指导身边的一位年轻作家。我对她的那些故事中的人物尧冲突及结局提出建议。
长难句十七
Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars...
不定式to be the biggest liars 在句中作宾语emailers 的补语。现在分词reasoning在句中作伴随状语。that 引导从句作reasoning 的宾语。该宾语从句又包含一个原因状语从句,由because 引导。
译文:有些心理学家原以为人们在电子邮件中最容易撒谎,理由是:欺骗使人感到不舒服,所以电子邮件这种非直接接触的媒介能让人的谎言更容易说出口。
长难句十八
Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge ( 大杂烩) ofenvironmental claims made by household procts, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:Consumers are being confused and misled by...
本句用了现在进行时的被动语态,含两个谓语动词confused 和misled。过去分词短语made by...和published by...分别修饰前面的名词claims 和study。
译文:根据消费者国际组织在星期五发表的野绿色商标冶研究报告,消费者受到了各种家居产品五花八门的环保声明的误导,都被搞糊涂了。
长难句十九
I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent蒺s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could ring the course of play. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主干:I have (also) witnessed a player reacting
reacting 在句中是现在分词,作宾语a player 的补语;by... hitting...是reacting 的方式状语,hitting 作介词by 的宾语。as hard as he could 是比较结构,表示“尽力”。
译文:还有一次我看到过一个球员在比赛中因为对方的一个有意犯规阻挡,而故意使足了力气把球砸向对方。
长难句二十
Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits. (08.6 Passage 2)
分析主干:someone will glance...
本句是个简单句,谓语动词glance 后接介词短语through purchases or bills。不定式短语to find out...在句中作状语,表示“无意中一瞥”的结果。
译文:或者有人会随意翻阅你的信用卡购物单或手机话费单,以此来了解你的购物喜好或通话习惯。
;③ 大学英语四级阅读理解概述3
例6
One of the most important weapons used ring the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin(青霉素)saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia (肺炎)was responsible for 18% of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than 1%. In addition, penicillin was helpful in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected.
Q: What was the pneumonia death rate of all the deaths in the United States army ring the Second World War?
A) About 18%.
B) No more than 1%.
C) 1%.
D) About 17%.
该段短文中句子的逻辑功能可链郑划分如下:第一句为主题引介句。第二句“在战时使用青霉素挽救了几千条人命”,应为主题句。余下三句为支撑主题的陈述细节的句子:
承接语for example提示,第三句为例解性的细节;第四句具有与之对比的含义,可视为同一细节;in addition是增补性的承接语,提示第五句为另一个细节。
显然,答案为B),二战其间美军中死于肺炎的人“不到百分之一”,选项用了”no more than ”,等同于原文的“less than”。
3.1.3 区分事实和棚租颂看法(Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions)
事实是直接陈述的客观事实,而看法则分为作者明说的型圆看法或暗指的意思两种。
例 7
I remember thinking there was something absurdly melodramatic about screaming “Help, help!” at eight on a Tuesday evening in December and changing my plea to the more specific “Help, let me in, please let me in!” But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly, and I ran on until I heard Jeremy’s screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled.
The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats and helped Jeremy find his glasses and keys. In a group they were very brave. We waited for the cops to come until someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold, and I said politely, “Please go and eat. We’re O.K.”
I was happy to see them go. -------
这两段短文选自上外教出版社出版的《大学英语精读》第二册第七课《全靠运气》。
文中讲到作者某夜在住所附近遇到持枪歹徒,大声呼救,而邻居们却装聋作哑。待作者侥幸逃脱,歹徒亦逃去无踪后,邻居们才装模作样出来“帮忙”。
第一段中的“The houses were --- closed,” 是事实,而“The houses were cold, --- unfriendly,” 是作者的观点。第二段的第一句“The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats---”是事实,而“In a group they were very brave.”是作者的观点。还有,第二段的“--- someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold,” 也是事实,而第三段的“I was happy to see them go.”是作者的观点。当然,这里指出的都是作者直白的观点,而作者隐含的观点是:邻居们既懦弱、自私、和冷漠,又十分虚伪。
3.1.4 进行推论(Making Inferences)
在理解阅读材料的主旨大意及抓住其重要细节时,还需具备获得文章或句子所表达的隐含信息的能力,对所读内容进行一定的引申和推理。往往可以从作者带有感情色彩的语气、措辞等文体特征推断出作者的观点、态度、写作目的、文章风格和基调。
例8
Worldwide fame burst upon Albert Einstein on November 7, 1919, when British astronomers announced they found the first confirmation of Einstein’s general relativity theory. Einstein had already become known in scientific circles because of his two astonishing theories: the special theory of relativity, published in 1905 when he was only 26 and a minor clerk in the Swiss patent(专利)office, and the general theory of relativity, advanced between 1913 and 1915. He was considered so brilliant by other scientists that in 1914 he was invited to join the famous Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences and to become head of the research branch at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He accepted the offer and moved to Berlin.
Q: It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________.
A) is critical about Einstein
B) is indifferent to Einstein’s achievement
C) doesn’t think highly of Einstein
D) praises Einstein highly
本文简略地记叙了爱因斯坦获得学术成就和声望的经历。尽管短文没有直接陈述作者对爱因斯坦的评论,但从某些记叙的措辞中仍可窥见作者对爱因斯坦的称颂,如Worldwide fame burst upon---(---声震全球),--- so brilliant--- that---(---才华横溢---以致)等。由此可知,答案应为D),作者“高度评价爱因斯坦”。其余三项均不合作者的态度。
3.1.5 作结论(Drawing Conclusions)
要根据上下文的逻辑关系,有理有据地推断结论。结论应基于文章中的事实和证据,
而不是基于读者自己的观点和喜好。
④ 英语四级阅读技巧,高分必备!
一. 仔细阅读解题技巧
第一步,读题干,划关键词( 大写,专有名词,时间,人名等。)
第二步,原文定位。通过第一步里的划关键词,返回原文找到这些词的具体位置,然后阅读定位句。
第三步,对比选项。选项正确答案和原文表述会有所差别,多数情况是把原文内容进行同义或形似词改写,答案即原文,你最终确定的选项一定要以原文为基础。
除此之外,仔细阅读的其它题型的解题方法如下:
1.主旨题
一般的文章都可以找到主题句,要重点关注首段和尾段的内容。另外,转折性的语言(but, however)前后的内容,通常也能体现作者的观点偏好。如果首尾段没有信息,就需要你通读文章,把握每个段落的首尾句,从而选出具有总结性的选项。
2.态度题
四级文章中作者的态度一般都是或褒或贬,或乐观或担忧,中性评价是正确答案的情况较少。做态度题时要重点关注形容词、动词和名词等实词。
3.语义题
它一般就原文中一个有特殊含义的单词,词组或句子进行提问。你在解答时一定要结合上下文的逻辑关系。一般情况下,如有选项只是简单地对该词或句进行解释,那么这个选项多半是错误答案。
二.长篇阅读解题技巧
1.读十个句子,划出关键词(和仔细阅读一样)。
2.看大标题,了解文章大意。
3.采取逐段做题的方法,读完一个自然段,去十个句子里找答案。
4.核实定位句和选项句子语义是否一致。
5.查缺补漏。
三.选词填空解题技巧
1.把十五个单词通过后缀确定词性,这就需要你掌握一些高频后缀。
名词后缀:tion/sion/ness/ment/er/or/ist/ism
形容词后缀:able/al/ant/ent/tive/sive/ous/less/ed/ing
动词后缀: ate/lize/ing/ed
副词后缀:ly
2.回到原文确定空内应该填入什么词性的词。
3.通过语义,前后文关系确定空格内的最后选项。你可以背诵四级高频词汇和曾经出现在选词填空里的单词。考场上选择认识的单词往里填,如果实在不确定,可以把不确定的空里重复选择你所认识的单词,这样起码最终能有一道题是正确的。
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⑤ 英语四级阅读理解学习方法有哪些
资料的选择
首先,历年考试真题是必备的资料,真题是一个标准,做真题可以把握试题难度,出题角度,了解命题重点。其次,考研阅读辅导书,这种资料贵精不在多。做完后,我们应该反复的研读真题,思考不同类型文章的出题风格,从中摸索规律以提高阅读水平与做题技巧。
积累词语
要提高阅读水平,词汇量与短语量非常重要,打个比方:造房子要砖瓦材料,词汇就是阅读英语的砖瓦材料,没有相当量的英语词汇,阅读英语是无法进行的。所以要提高阅读水平,我们就得学会积累词语。我们不妨这么做:在通读全文后看第二遍,遇到生词尽可能根据上下文来猜,仍猜不出意思的,就把这些生字查好词典,然后抄写在一本可随身携带的小本子上。每天有空时,就拿出这小本子背诵记忆,这样做不费时,效果却很好,因不断接触,反复记忆,词汇量增加得很快。
阅读能力的提高
阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度,理解程度以及记忆能力等。要想获得满意的英语成绩,最根本的方法就是提高词汇量,加强阅读训练,同时熟悉一些阅读技巧和做题方法也是至关重要的。每个人都有自己习惯的做题方法,不能说哪种方法更高明,要大家纷纷仿效。一种方法是先快速浏览问题,然后带着问题通读全文,了解文章的大概内容,这一遍要快,不理解的地方跳过,然后做题。这时我们心中已大概知道答案的分布,跳过无关部分,快速找到答案所在处,仔细阅读,反复推敲,直到选出正确答案。可以用直接法和排除法相结合选择答案,排除法是四个选项都看,逐一排除选项,选出正确答案。这种方法可提高正确率,但花费的时间较长。
另一种方法是先浏览文章后面的问题, 然后带着问题去读文章。
读完文章后我们常有这样的情况:句子都能看懂,但读完文章印象却不深,这就牵涉到对文章框架结构的整体理解。如何学会对文章的整体理解呢?首先,要重视文章的题目和文章的首句。因为文章的题目就是文章的主题,文章的内容就是环绕主题展开。首句很关键是因为首句是文章的导入,点明作者写文章的意图,背景等。接着的每一段的第一句也很重要,因为每段的第一句实际上多半是每段的主题句,然后进行陈述或论述,逐步展开,给予例证,最后把该段内容用一句话来小结,所以每段的最后一个句子常常是该段的结论句,而整篇文章的最后一句就往往是这篇文章的结论或作者写这篇文章的用意所在。所以我们在阅读文章时要养成这样一个习惯:见了文章的题目,要停顿一下,想一想,如果让你写这篇文章将如何写,或猜一猜,这篇文章大概写什么,然后你会饶有兴趣地读下去。接着在往下阅读时特别注意每段的第一句与最后一句,并用心记往,在读完全文时清晰地将全文的主要内容像看电影似的一幅一幅地印在脑中,记忆很深既把握住了全文的主要内容、论点、论据,又学会了作者的逻辑推理的方法技巧及整篇文章的框架结构,而这是写文章最重要的,也就是文章的构思。
⑥ 英语四级长篇阅读技巧
首先应该把全文抄大致地快速地浏览一遍,留下初步印象,知道是什么文体,某段大概是在讲什么就可以了。
不理解的句子和词语先放一边,观察选择题选项,将明显不符合文章意思和态度的选项排除。
之后再仔细浏览选项,将对应的文章句子查找出来并标好记号,方便之后检查,因为之前大致浏览过一边,所以找起来不会很难。找到后,注意结合上下文来理解,不然可能会误选。
(6)英语四级阅读材料积累扩展阅读
英语四级翻译技巧
技巧一:增词法
在翻译段落时,为了能充分的表达原文含义,以求达意,翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。
技巧二:词类转换
英语语言的一个很重要的特点,就是词类变形和词性转换,尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。
技巧三:语态转换
语态分为被动语态和主动语态,汉语中主动语态出现频率较高,而与之相反,英语中被动语态的使用率较高。因此考生在翻译时,要注意语态之间的转换。
⑦ 提供一篇英语阅读材料(四级水平)
Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “ curl,” the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker. Frito-Lay. Thinks otherwise.” Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.
Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America. owned by PepsiCo. And accounts for over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow. the company has to look overseas.
Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global proct offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. ”Global” does not mean procts that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative(创新的)world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.
With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(标识).The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips. would help facilitate the company’s global expansion.
The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world. “We’re making procts in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive.
21.It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marking that_____.
A) Potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market
B) Their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales.
C) The light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips
D) People the world over enjoy eating their company’s potato chips
22.What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?
A) Its procts use to be popular among overseas consumers.
B) Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker.
C) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company.
D) It needs to turn to the word market for development.
23.One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that_____.
A)consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands
B)local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands
C)procts suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profits
D)procts identified as American will have promising market value
24.Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?
A)To suit changing tastes of young consumers.
B)To promote the company's strategy of globalization.
C)To change the company’s long-held marketing image.
D)To compete with other American chip procers.
25.Frito-Lay's executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market_____.
A)won't affect the eating habits of the local people
B)will lead to economic imperialism
C)will be in the interest of the local people
D)won’t spoil the taste of their chips
答案:DDABC
⑧ 全国公共英语四级考试知识点总结
全国公共英语四级考试知识点总结2017
第四级是PETS考试五个级别中的中上级,相当于我国非英语专业本科大学毕业生的水平,比我国现行的大学英语四、六级考试的六级的难度略高。下面是我为大家带来的全国公共英语四级考试知识点总结,欢迎阅读。
一、PETS四级考试的难度和潜在应试者
根据《全国公共英语等级考试第四级考试大纲》的描述,PETS
第四级是PETS考试五个级别中的中上级,相当于我国非英语专业本科大学毕业生的水平,比我国现行的大学英语四、六级考试的六级的难度略高。它的部分试题
难度就是我国现行的普通高等学校非英语专业硕士研究生入学英语考试的水平,不过研究生考试目前不考听力和口语。根据最初设计,PETS四级考试将替代研究
生入学的英语考试,至少该考试将依照PETS四级的模式进行改造。
二、PETS四级考试题型及特点来源
TS四级考试和其他级别考试一样分笔试和口试两部分。笔试部分有四种题型,即听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作;口试部分分为三节。下面对这些题型分别介绍——
1、听力:
考虑到了考生以后的学习和工作中对英语的应用,本级要求考生能够听懂英文讲座、学术发言或论证的内容。试题所选材料也大部分来自于现实生活的真实情景,以便使考生通过复习考试培养听懂这些语言材料的能力。在试题形式上看,分A、B、C三节,共占考试总分的30%。A节和B节试题形式在现行的听力考试中是比较新的,它们不仅考查考生理解信息的能力,而且考查他们用听到的信息去完成一定任务的能力。A节要求考生听到对话或独白后填补句子和表格中的空白;B节
要求考生根据听到的一段对话或独白回答5道简答题。这里的填空或简答类似与四、六级考试中的简答题,而四、六级考试中的简答题是通过阅读理解实现的。C节要考生听三段对话或独白,然后做选择题,这类题也就是通常考试中的听力理解题。
做哪一类听力试题,最重要的一条就是做题之前首先浏览试题。这样做不仅可以了解答题要求,还可以通过问题内的若干信息判断听力材料的话题范围,以便调动自己在该方面的知识积累,更迅速地作出判断。
2、语言知识运用:
该部分就是通常所说的完型填空题,共设20道选择题。它的分数占整个考试分数的10%,考查内容有词汇(12-15道小题)、语法和篇章结构(5-8道小题)。词汇题重点考查的是在规范语言中词的搭配和用法,篇章结构考查句子层次以上语言成分的辨识和理解能力,这类题常考一些标志意义转折、顺承以及原因、结果、举例、顺序、总结等的副词和连词。由于PETS四级是中高级别的考试,所以它不把专门考查语法作为整个考试的一项,而是通过其他题型要求考生对基本语法结构达到运用自如。
3、阅读理解:
阅读理解也分为A、B两节。A节要求考生阅读4篇文章,然后做四选一的选择题。本节与研究生入学英语考试的阅读理解题从形式上看没有区别,但这里的阅读材料的现实性和专业性都更突出。从问题特点上看,考查文章主旨大意、作者观点、态度、进行引申、推理和判断的题以及利用上下文判断特定句子和词的意义的试题占绝大部分。B节为翻译题,和研究生入学英语考试的翻译题一样,这里也要求考生先阅读一
篇文章,然后将文章内的.一些句子译为汉语,本节兼考翻译能力和理解的准确性。
PETS四级写作题与研究生入学考试的作文是一个模式。该部分要求考生根据提示信息(中文/英文)写出一篇160-200词(标点符号不计算在内)的短文。提示的信息有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图表等。此类作文一般是引出一个话题让应试者谈自己的看法。对于规定情景题、图表题,考生应知道将试题提供的信息作为表达自己观点的材料,用一到两句话引出话题然后直接提出自己的观点(全文的主题句),再分一到三个段落来论证自己的观点。每一段的起始部分应先
写出该段的主要意思(段主题句),最好用上能标志层次与顺序的副词,最后可以重申主题句来作出结论。需要注意的是由于文章有字数限制,每一段都应做到简洁。
5、口试:
和其他级别的口试一样,PETS四级的口试试题也分为A、B、C三节。A节为口试教师和考生的交流,这里由两个口试教师中的一个分别向两个考生就考生个人情况,家庭、工作、学习等方面提问;B节为两个考生之间的交流,这里要求两个考生对提供的图片交换信息和看法,也就是开展对话;C节要求考生就某一问题(提供图片等信息),陈述自己的观点并加以论证,然后由另一考生根据他的陈述提问,事实上这就是论文答辩,这也是硕士研究生上课的主要方式。
三、复习资料的准备
最近有部分读者来信反映说他们很想参加全国公共英语等级考试,需要一些必备的复习资料,希望我们推荐复习教材。对此我可以就我所了解的情况简单介绍一下。公共英语等级考试为水平考试不指定专门教材,凡是与某一级试题水平相当的教材都可以使用。教育部考试中心编写的各级考试大纲是考试的重要复习依据。
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