英语阅读课件猜词

㈠ 猜词法在英语阅读理解中的运用

猜词法在英语阅读理解中的运用有：举例法、情景法、构词法。

1、举例法。

有些生词的后面，会列举一些实例。此外，如果还有一些对比作为补充的话，就比较容易推断出这个生词的意思。例：Some trains carries cargo、such as rice、oil and military supplies（军用物资）、while others carries only passengers.

解析：cargo对大多考生来说，都是一个生词。如果根据后面表示举例的短语such as，以及所列举的一系列货物，而且，句中有一个while表对比，说明cargo和passengers是对应关系。因此可以猜测出cargo的意思应该是“货物”。

解析：可以运用构词法猜测出unwisely的意思。wise是学过的词，意思是“明智的”，加上后缀ly变成副词wisely，“明智地”，再加上否定前缀un构成其反义词unwisely，“不明智地”。同时，通过while，知道judiciously和unwisely是一对反义词，从而可以利用反义词法，进一步猜测出judiciously的意思为“明智地”。

㈡ 英语阅读猜词技巧

英语阅读猜词技巧

做英语阅读的过程中，遇到不懂的单词我们有时候会猜词义，下面我给大家介绍英语阅读猜词技巧，一起来学习吧!

1.构词法猜词

在阅读中我们常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜词义和背单词都很有帮助。如wheelchair，wheel是轮子的意思，chair则是椅子。显而易见，有轮子的椅子就是轮椅了。

2.利用同义近义词猜词

在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。生词前后的句子一般会出现并列连词and或or时，不妨通过其上下文的单词推测出大概的词义。

3.利用反义词猜词

对比是议论文中常用于描述事物的方法。在对比中，我们可根据反义或对比关系从已知推出未知。如反义词cleverand stupid, internal and external，有时句内词与词之间，段内句与句之间的`关系上起着互为线索的作用。

4.利用上下文语境猜词

这是阅读文章最常用的技巧，也是高考考查的热点之一。因为句子在全文内容中不是孤立的，我们可以根据上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理分析，推测词义。在此建议蜂友们在阅读文章时要适当画出重点词句，了解文章大概内容，能快速找出答题线索喔。

5.利用定义和解释猜词

科学说明文会较多出现专有名词，看似困难，实际不难。因为下文通常会以破折号，同位语，定语从句等对关键词进行解释。

6.利用例证猜词

为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例说明前面生词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常用的一些短语，如：suchas，like，for example，for instance等。

7.根据语义转折猜词

我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。如：though，although，still，but，yet，instead，instead of，however，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，unlike，rather than，for one thing，for another等。

8．利用经验和常识猜词

在记叙文中可以利用日常经验推出词义，例如：To his great surprise, she pulledthe perfect pearl from her purse.

主要通过分析后半句，她从purse中拿出完美无瑕的珍珠。一位女士会从哪里中拿出这么珍贵的东西呢？由此推断该句中purse是手提包的意思。

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㈢ 英语阅读理解解题技巧：猜词

1 通过因果关系猜词

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关或掘判联词表示前因后果。例如：

You shouldn’t have blamed him for that，for it wasn’t his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and *，即使我们不认识*这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus、Mars、Jupiter均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通衫改过构词法猜词

在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。

4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义

例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.

从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。

5.通过句法功能来推测词义

例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。

6.通过描述猜词

描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更散枣详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

㈣ 高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧

高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧

马上就要高考了，我整理了一些比较有针对性的高考英语复习技巧资料给大家参考，希望可以帮助同学们提高自身综合英语能力，战胜高考。

高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧

一、利用定义或解释(definition or explanation)

Signal words: means, refers to, be called, beknown as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is, that is to say, 定语从句…..etc.

举例：

Pruning is important because it encourages thegrowth of tender shoots(嫩芽), or young leaves oftrees.(B)

The word "pruning" means______

A. Regular cutting(修剪) of the plants

B. Frequent watering

C. Regular use of chemicals

D. Growing the plants high in the mountain

二、利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience)

举例：

1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.

"ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat)

2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and althood ,may be long orshort.

"adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and althood)

三、利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive)

Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.

举例：

The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices,such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favoriteof the tourists. (C)

The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____.

A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers

四、利用举例(from examples)

Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike,but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect.

举例：

1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘)with the wind like feathers.

2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shyperson who does not like to go to parties or makenew friends.

五、利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)

(1)Overwork may cause diseases.

over(过分的、过量的)+work=overwork“工作过度”。

(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.

dis “不” + satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。

六、利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等

举例：

1. Is he intelligent or stupid?

2. Most women in Ghana--- the ecated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the youngand old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives andmothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is wellknown and well deserved.(C)

The underlined word "illiterate" in the passage means ____.

A. Repeated B. reiterated. C. unecated D. sick

七、利用同义词或反义词(Synonym or Antonym)

举例：

Signal words:because，since ,so, such......that,so......that, ect

I feel that since you are my superior(上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell youwhat to do .(B)

The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .

A.full of respect B. rude and too confident

C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet

八、利用原因与结果关系猜词(from Cause and Result)

The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked asan engineer.(A)

A. work B. study C. name D. interest

九、利用上下文的`语境(context or related information)

更多练习：

1. A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play: they askand answer questions, they obey orders, and if theydon't understand something, they say so.

The word "audience" in the paragraph means____.

A. students

B. people who watch a play

C. people who act on the stage

D. people who listen to something

答案：A

解题关键：常识 teacher-----students

2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛药) was brought out recently, researchers found thatthe colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak andineffective(无效的).

㈤ 英语阅读中的猜词技巧

英语阅读中的猜词技巧

在英语阅读中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。下面是我分享的英语阅读中的猜词技巧，欢迎大家阅读！

一、针对性解释

针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。

1.根据定义猜测词义

如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：

Anthropology is the scientific study of man.

由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。

In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.

同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。

定义句的谓语动词多为：be，mean，deal with，be considered，to be，refer to，be called，be known as，define，represent，signify，constitute等。

2.根据复述猜测词义

虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的`信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是适当词、短语或是从句。

同位语，例如：

Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。

在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。

二、内在逻辑关系

根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。

1.根据对比关系猜测词义

在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如：

Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest.

该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast（相对照的，相对比的）提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。

2.根据比较关系猜测词义

同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例如：

Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系，以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。

表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。

3.根据因果关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。例如：

Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.

根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。

There were so many demonstrort in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.

此句为结果状语从句，根据从句的描述“许多者”，我们便可推知elbow的词义为“挤、挤过”。

三、外部相关因素

外部相关因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：

Husband ：It’s really cold out tonight.

Wife：Sure it is.My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?

根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。

The snake slithered through the grass.

根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither词义为“爬行”。

综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我们可以灵活运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍，顺利理解文章想内容，提高阅读速度和阅读的准确性。

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㈥ 高考英语阅读理解的猜词题之短语类

学生做英语阅读时往往很怕遇到生词。但遇到生词又是很普遍的，第一是有些文章的主题就是介绍新事物，而这个新事物是学生未曾接触过的，自然感到陌生；第二是学生平时掌握的基本是熟词熟义，而有些文章涉及到了熟词生义；第三是学生在背高考范围内的3500词时掌握不够扎实。

生词如此普遍，高考英语也有对应的猜词题。那么，就要考虑如何通过各种技巧来攻克猜词题，甚至把这些猜词技巧推广到其它生词。

猜词题可以划分为两大类，实词和虚词。实词包含几个小类，分别是单词、短语、句子（短句为主）。虚词通常为代词。

本文主要介绍短语类。

如下：

What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean ?

A. Encourage team work .

B. Appeal to feeling.

C. Promote good deeds.

D. Provide advice.

题干问的是第2段中tug at the heartstrings这个短语的含义。对应原文第2段

I guess that there's probably some demanding work schele, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”

由原文可知作者试图去劝说一位女性家长。“她可能仅需要一点劝说，所以我又试了一下，并tug at the hearstrings。”后文提到作者的话术是讲了其他家长的案例，这更多属于诉诸情感。因此选项B比较符合。

如果考生仍觉得不是很有把握，也可以考虑用反向推导。这段话是作者给一位家长讲其他家长的案例，并不涉及A选项的鼓励团队合作，也不涉及C选项的促进善行，也不涉及D选项的提供建议。

考生亦可以通过字面含义来推导。hearstrings字面义是心灵绳索。这也是偏向于感性，与B选项更为

如下：

What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?

A. learning from

B. looking down on

C. working with

D. competing against

题干问的是第4段的taking on的含义。原文第4段如下：

"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.

原文提到中国女性对世界时尚潮流的影响力。原文出现了beating them hands down in design and sales说明是前者打败了后者，因此这是在描述时尚竞争，D选项competing against符合文意。

如下：

What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. The tube.                         

B. The still.

C. The hole.                         

D. The cup.

题干问的是第2段的the water catcher的含义。原文第1、2段如下：

A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.

    To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s proctivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.

原文讲的是一种自助式蒸馏器的制作，这种蒸馏器能够在干旱缺少地区集水。因此water catcher其实指的就是这种能“捕捉水”的集水器，即这个蒸馏器，因此B选项符合。

大家可以在留言区写下答案哦！

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试3卷C篇第10题如下：

What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. A practical idea. 

B. A vain hope.

C. A brilliant plan. 

D. A selfish desire.

原文第3段如下：

There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.

㈦ 2020高考英语阅读理解猜题技巧

2020高考英语晌友阅读理解猜题技巧

俗话说，得阅读者得高考!猜词题是阅读理解中相对简单的一种题型。根据多年的高考英语教学经验，我将猜词题的类型进行了具体的分类，下面是我特意为大家整理了关于2020高考英语阅读理解猜题技巧的相关材料，希望对您的工作和生活有帮助。

1.构词法;2.同义词;3.反义词;4.上下文;

5.释义法;6.因果题;7.代词题;8.常识题

下面我来举例说明。

1.构词法:前缀、后缀、复合、派生等

Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road.

Q: The underlined word “inexpensive” means _______.

A.cheap B.happy C.good D.painful

解析:划线单词inexpensive是一个派生词，由否定前缀in和单词expensive(昂搜缺贵的)构成，意思是“不昂贵的”，故选A (便宜的)。

2.同义词(列举法)

Signal words:for example, for instance, such as, like，as---as, etc.

Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.

Q: The underlined word "hazard" means ___________________

A. pleasure B. problem C. danger D. attraction

解析:根据划线词hazard后面的举例，“无法忍受的炎热，可能迷路，野生动物和毒蛇的出现”世谨辩，这些都属于“危险的事情”(danger)，故选C。

3.反义词

转折词:though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等

Achild's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.

Q: What does the underlined word "hassle" probably mean?

A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought

C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests

解析:根据划线词hassle后的转折词instead(相反)，可以推断出hassle是与a basket of fun(一筐乐趣)意思相反。故选C (一种导致困难或麻烦的情形)。

4.上下文:利用上下文提供的情景和线索推测

Food Network procer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”

Q: What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?

A. A natural ability to attract others. B. A way to show one’s achievement.

C. Lieberman’s after-class interest. D. Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.

解析:charisma为非考纲词汇表上单词，其词义与下文的“It’s about your personality(个性)and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”有关。故选A(一种天然的吸引他人的能力)。

5.释义法:使用定语(从句)、表语、同位语、冒号、破折号、分号等解释说明

信息词: means, refers to, be called, be known as, can be defined as, in other words, that is, that is to say......

William Shakespeare said. "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together."

Q: The underlined word "mingled" most probably means?

A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy

解析:根据后文的释义，good and ill together，可以推断划线词mingled的意思是“混合的”(minxed)，故选B。

6.因果题

When some kind of pain killer (止痛药) was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the proct look weak and ineffective(无效的).

Q: The underlined part "the colours turned the customers off" means that the colours_______

A.Attracted the customers strongly B.Had weak effects on the customers

C.Tricked the customers into shopping D.Caused the customers to lose interest

解析:根据because后的解释，“因为他们使产品看起来软弱和无效”，可以推断出结果“导致顾客失去兴趣”。故选D。

7.代词题

信息词:one，it，that，he，him或them等指代上文提到的人或事物。

Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said.

Q: The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.

A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money

解析:代词指代必须符合就近原则，指代最近的上文提到的人或事物。复数代词they指代复数名词。故选D

8.常识题

Ifeel that since you are my superior (上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.

Q: The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .

A.full of respect B.rude and too confident

C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet

解析:常识题。在Kim看来，因为对方是自己的上司，告诉上司去做什么，会显得不礼貌(rude)、自负(too confident)。故选B。

经过分类整理，猜词题的命题思路就变得非常清晰，了解了命题思路，做题时就有了方向。

当然，要想真正掌握这些策略，还需要大量的训练实践，不断地吸收消化，最后融会贯通。

我是苗爸，“职业化家庭英语启蒙训练”推广人。我会每天分享英语启蒙和高考英语相关的原创文章。

今天的分享到此结束。我们明天再见!