高考英语阅读填空试题辨析

A. 2021高考英语全国乙卷阅读理解D篇优劣辨析

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试D篇

原文链接：

https://hbr.org/2017/10/why-you-can-focus-in-a-coffee-shop-but-not-in-your-open-office

2021全国乙卷D篇文本

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.

The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?

A. It helps him concentrate.

B. It blocks out background noise.

C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.

D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.

33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?

A. Total silence.

B. 50 decibels.

C. 70 decibels.

D. 85 decibels.

34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?

A. Personal privacy unprotected.

B. Limited working space.

C. Restrictions on group discussion.

D. Constant interruptions.

35.What can we infer about the author from the text?

A. He's a news reporter. B. He’s on office manager.

C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.

答案：ACDD

解读：

文章大意：办公环境“噪音”对环境当中的“人的大脑”的影响。“带入式”噪音和“非带入式噪音”是有差别的。文本词数：394。

本文本因为对原文进行了大量的删减。所以可以看出删除部分包含以文章main idea为核心的相关research, 也就是缺少了连贯的科学研究过程的阐述，且以作者第一人称来叙述，研究并非作者亲自参与，所以文章style属于叙事体，高考当中的文本体裁趋近界定为nonfiction范畴的类科普说明文（事实上是缺少科普文所应该具备的要素的）。

文章当中有一个关键信息词汇coworking space。

拓展信息：

联合办公（共享办公）是一种为降低办公室租赁成本的办公模式，来自不同公司的个人在联合办公空间中共同工作，在特别设计和安排的办公空间中共享办公环境，彼此独立完成各自项目。同样的，其应该具有以下四个要素：轻服务——免费提供公共办公空间、网络、茶水、打印、安保服务等够灵活——即租即用，租期灵活，领包入住分割式——一个办公场地被划分为许多小块，按照自身需求寻找相应共享式——来自不同公司的个人共享一个办公环境，更加强调空间与人之间的连接。国内的联合办公行业，各品牌已经开始有自己较为明晰对的定位和细分客群， 优客工场和氪空间拥有现如今国内最大的空间数量以及经营面积，主张便捷高效的办公理念，在引入多元化投资机构的同时，已逐步完成了自身生态圈体系的搭建。

2.1第一段当中During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.

本段命题人对原文有一定的改编，首句起到一个引入主题的作用，但对文章整体核心信息并没有密切的关联性，所以篇章首句并非都是文本信息具有main idea 有提示作用的关键句（如很多文本解读所述）。整体看，第一段内容属于中式思维改编，具有一定的跳跃性，但整体信息可以理解。第一段最后两句的转折从信息摄入角度看，因信息不足显得牵强。此处，命题人命制了第一题：

32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?

A. It helps him concentrate.

B. It blocks out background noise.

C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.

D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.

其实本题的信息提示点遍布全文。只要读懂全文，回答这个问题就比较容易。但是仅仅从第一段信息来看，试题的答案的文本信息支持是不足的。而本文当中如本题题干提示题境的the interviewer的选择仅仅在第一段中提到，因此判断其相关性很牵强。作为考试题答案选择A。第一段最后一句是一个过渡句，引起下文提到的研究。但是命题人改编删减后，下文提到的研究所表述的内容和原文的核心信息发生了偏离，同时“开放办公环境”和“联合/共享区域办公”的差异性没有体现出来。使得文章主体信息发生了偏离。但是不影响做题。

2.2文本第二段：The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.

但在70分贝噪音环境中（和咖啡厅里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一组在创造性思维测试中的表现是远超过其它组的表现的。此外，我们的创造性思维水平在完全安静的环境中和在85分贝的背景噪音环境中其实并没有多大差别。此处阐述研究发现人们工作环境的噪音分贝对人们创造性思维的影响。信息直观陈述。下一题：33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?

Total silence. B. 50 decibels. C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels. 因为题干信息提示非常具体—— promote creative thinking ability，回读文章however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups.既可以选择答案为C。此处，从做题角度需要考生读懂几个关键数字（分贝）相关联的信息。上句是一个复杂巨，把破折号部分去掉，理解outperform基本就可以理解此处信息点，选择正确答案。

2.3 文本第三段和第四段

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

这两段信息也是经过命题人以自己的思维模式删减改编的。整体上已经偏离了原文所要传递的科学规范的逻辑思路和信息。变成了命题人自己的thoughts。所以从文章精准信息传递上比较欠缺严谨性。第三段所表达的内容基本属于相关研究结果。属于对“开放式办公环境”噪音影响思维的一个研究作证，但并非是“开放式”办公环境思维能力受干扰的直接相关因素。直接因素是：熟悉环境下人们交谈等内容对听者所引发的代入感才是真正的“干扰”。此处命题：

34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?

A. Personal privacy unprotected.

B. Limited working space.

C. Restrictions on group discussion.

D. Constant interruptions.

题干提示下的四个备选答案ABC三个选项在文中基本没有出现相关信息。只有D可以被选为正确答案。此题的问题在于背离真实科学信息而设立的情境。那么这种阅读理解以及阅读理解考查就是虚假的理解测评。

35.What can we infer about the author from the text?

A. He's a news reporter. B. He’s on office manager.

C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.

最后一个题目设置的比较头重脚轻，需要回到文章首句。基本就可以选择答案了。这个题目从测试目标看效果不太理想。

总结：本文内容特色提及了关于“人脑对于噪音”的影响反应。属于科普知识。但是文章语境涉及的是办公环境，是学生所不熟悉的信息。与学生生活学习相关性不大。同时，此类研究并非学术界主流话题研究，非热点话题。文章经过删减改变后信息传递发生了本质变化，违背了传递真实信息的原则，也就是，读者摄取的可能是不真实的信息。这是本文文本所变现的问题。本篇高考阅读理解难度从考场答题角度来说属于中等或中等偏下。题目设置以及干扰项并非很完整。

A few years ago, ring a media interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still ponder often. Ranting about the level of distraction in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.”

While I fully support the backlash against open offices, the comment struck me as odd. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout.

But I recently came across a series of studies examining the effect of sound on the brain that reveals why his strategy works.

From previous research, we know that workers’ primary problem with open or cubicle-filled offices is the unwanted noise.

But new research shows that it may not be the sound itself that distracts us…it may be who is making it. In fact, some level of office banter in the background might actually benefit our ability to do creative tasks, provided we don’t get drawn into the conversation. Instead of total silence, the ideal work environment for creative work has a little bit of background noise. That’s why you might focus really well in a noisy coffee shop, but barely be able to concentrate in a noisy office.

One study, published in the Journal of Consumer Research, found that the right level of ambient noise triggers our minds to think more creatively. The researchers, led by Ravi Mehta of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.

Participants were randomized into four groups and everyone was asked to complete a Remote Associates Test (a commonly used measurement that judges creative thinking by asking test-takers to find the relationship between a series of words that, as first glance, appear unrelated). Depending on the group, participants were exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group (those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop) significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking doesn’t differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise — the equivalent of a loud garbage disposal or a quiet motorcycle. Since none of us presumably want to work next to a garbage disposal or motorcycle, I found this surprising.

But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually boost one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may disrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This type of “distracted focus” appears to be the optimal state for working on creative tasks. As the authors write, “Getting into a relatively noisy environment may trigger the brain to think abstractly, and thus generate creative ideas.”

In another study, researchers used frontal lobe electroencephalographic (EEG) machines to study the brain waves of participants as they completed tests of creativity while exposed to various sound environments. The researchers found statistically significant changes in creativity scores and a connection between those scores and certain brain waves. As in the previous study, a certain level of white noise proved the ideal background sound for creative tasks.

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The quiet chatter of colleagues and the gentle thrum of the HVAC should help us focus. The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations or from being interrupted while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the EEG researchers found that face-to-face interactions, conversations, and other disruptions negatively affect the creative process. By contrast, a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of ambient noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.

Taken together, the lesson here is that the ideal space for focused work is not about freedom from noise, but about freedom from interruption. Finding a space you can hide away in, regardless of how noisy it is, may be the best strategy for making sure you get the important work done.

原文翻译：

相信很多人都有这样的感受：在很吵的咖啡厅能够非常专注地工作，但在开放式的办公室却很难做到专注。究竟为什么会出现这种现象呢？研究表明，适当水平的环境噪音能激发我们的思维进行更有创造性地思考。让我们在工作中分心的可能并不是噪音本身，而是是谁制造的这些声音。在开放式的办公室，我们通常无法阻止自己被其他人的谈话内容所吸引和带入，或是当我们想集中注意力时却经常被其他人打断和打扰。适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是没有一点噪音的安静环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。

几年前，有一位媒体记者朋友针对我刚出版的一本新书对我做了一次专访，专访期间，这位媒体记者说的一段让我至今都经常思考的话。他说，他所在的开放式办公环境的噪音让他非常容易分心，对此他已经忍无可忍，于是他在公司办公楼街对面的一个联合办公空间办了一个会员，他在那里能更加专注地工作。

开放式的办公环境的各种噪音容易让人分心，对于这一点我非常认同，也深有体会。但是这位记者朋友说到的联合办公空间能够让他更加专注地工作，这一点却让我很难理解。毕竟联合办公空间通常采用的也是开放式的办公布局。

但是最近当我看了一系列研究声音对大脑的影响方面的文章后，我才开始理解为什么我的那位媒体朋友为了能专注地工作而选择在联合办公空间工作而不愿在自己的开放式办公室工作。

根据之前的研究，我们知道，开放式办公环境让大家最头疼的一个问题就是有各种大家不想听到的噪音。

但是最新的研究发现，让我们在工作中分心的可能并不是声音本身，而是是谁制造的这些声音。实际上，适度的办公室幽默和闲言笑语对我们完成一些创造性的工作是有帮助的，只要我们自己不被这种闲言笑语带进去就行。适合创造性工作的理想工作环境其实并不是那种一点噪音都没有的绝对安静的环境，而是有那种有适度水平的背景噪音的环境。这也是为什么你能够在一个有点吵的咖啡厅里专注工作，而在一个嘈杂的办公室里却很难集中精力工作。

《消费者研究周刊》发布的一份研究报告显示，适当水平的环境噪音能激发我们的思维进行更有创造性地思考。伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的Ravi Mehta教授带领一些研究人员做了这样一项研究：研究了不同水平的噪音是如何影响那些正在进行创造性思维测试的研究对象的。

研究对象被随机分为四组，每个人都被要求完成一项远距离联想测试（注：研究创造力问题的一种测验方法。通常，提供几个相隔较远的词组，猜测它们共同的关联词。如，“盐 、 深 、 沫”，它的关联词是“海”。创造性思考是将联想得来的元素重新整合的过程。新结合的元素相互之间联想的距离越远，这个思维的过程或问题的解决就更有创造力。有创造力的人的联想不同于一般人。有创造力的人他们有广泛的联想，一个元素可以与许多其他元素连接；而一般人的元素连接则比较少）。以组为单位，我们会为研究对象在测试过程中设置不同水平的噪音，从完全的静音到50分贝、70分贝和85分贝的噪音。大部分分组之间的差异其实并不是太大，但在70分贝噪音环境中（和咖啡厅里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一组在创造性思维测试中的表现是远超过其它组的表现的。此外，我们的创造性思维水平在完全安静的环境中和在85分贝的背景噪音环境中其实并没有多大差别。

因为在70分贝的噪音环境中的那一组的研究对象在创造性思维测试中的表现明显好于其它组，因此研究认为，恰当水平的背景噪音（噪音不是太大，也不太过安静）实际上是有助于提高一个人的创造性思维能力的。恰当水平的背景噪音可能会打乱我们正常的思维模式，使我们的想象力得以漫游，但又不至于会让我们无法集中注意力。这种“分心式的专注”能够让我们以最佳状态完成创造性任务。正如作者所写的的那样：“在一个相对嘈杂的环境中可能会刺激我们的大脑进行更加抽象性地思考，从而产生创造性的想法。”

在另一项研究中，当研究对象在不同水平的噪音环境下完成创造性思维测试的时候，研究人员使用额叶脑电图（EEG）机器来研究研究对象的脑电波。研究人员发现，研究对象的创造性思维的表现分数在不同噪音环境下的变化是非常大的，同时还发现这个分数与特定的脑电波是有紧密联系的。和此前的研究结果一样，一定水平的白噪音环境是完成创造性任务的理想环境。

所以问题来了：为什么我们中的大部分人都讨厌在开放式的办公室里办公呢？同事们之间小声安静的交谈和空调系统制造的柔和声音应该是能帮助我们集中注意力的。但问题是，在我们所处的开放式办公室里，我们通常无法阻止自己被其他人的谈话内容所吸引和带入，或是当我们想集中注意力时却经常被其他人打断和打扰。事实上，脑电图研究人员发现，面对面的交流、交谈和其他干扰会对人们的创造性工作过程产生负面影响。相比之下，联合办公空间或咖啡馆提供了一定程度的陌生环境噪音，同时也能让自己免受他人的打扰，不会有人在你努力集中注意力工作的时候走过来打断你、干扰你。

总的来说，我们通过上述这些研究成果学到的是：适合专注工作的理想工作环境并不是没有一点噪音都没有的决定安静的环境，而是一种不会受到他人打断和干扰的环境。因此，找到一个你可以沉浸进去专注工作的环境，不管这个环境有多嘈杂，这才是确保你能完成重要工作的最佳策略。

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B. 高考英语阅读理解易错题分析

高考英语阅读理解易错题分析

在高考英语试卷的各类题型中，阅读理解和英语作文分值最大，高三学生在复习阅读理解时也比较吃力，不知从何入手，更不知道怎么提高阅读理解能力及分数。下面我为你整理了高考英语阅读理解易错题分析，希望对您有所帮助!

高考英语阅读理解易错题分析1：

WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, two of China's top table tennis players, both saw the World Table Tennis Championships as a chance to prove themselves. But there was only one champion (冠军) and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesday in Yokohama , Japan.

Wang Hao, who won the men's doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9.

Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness (心理稳定) that made the difference. "I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well. This is the result."

Wang Hao said he has always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills. Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter (痛苦的). The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.

"I've come to understand that you can learn important lessons from failure," he said. "Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player." His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.

Liu Guoliang, head coach of China's table tennis team, sang the praises of Wang Hao's victory. "This is just the beginning of his rise," said Liu. "It's the confidence-booster he needs to make further progress."

1.According to the passage, Wang Hao won _____ gold medals in the World Table Tennis Championships in Yokohama, Japan.

A.only one B.two C.three D.four

2.From Wang Hao, we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Liqin is ______.

A.his technical skills B. his physical training

C.his mental toughness D. his past experience

3.What is the next goal of Wang Hao?

A.To win the title of the champion at the 2012 Olympics

B.To beat Wang Liqin again

C.To prove himself in the future competitions

D.To win more golds in future

4.What can we learn from Wang Hao?

A.Failure is the mother of success.

B.Never give up until you succeed.

C.Where there is a will, there is a way.

D.A good beginning makes a good ending.

1.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章，以点代面了。

【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带着问题在文中采用查读法寻找答案。

【答案】本题的正确选项为B.

2.【错解分析】典型错误A或B或是D。错因分析是没有抓住细节理解题的重点，审题不细。因为题干中有一个mainly.

【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的选择，一定要理解题干，并防止以次代主。

【答案】本题的正确选项为C。

3.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析审题不清，D项也许是Wang Hao的远期目标，但是题干是the next goal。

【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.”可知。注意审题。

【答案】本题的正确选项为A。

4.【错解分析】典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。

【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章，根据文章中的内容来进行推理判断。

【答案】本题的正确选项为A。

高考英语阅读理解易错题分析2：

Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City.

Solar City is located 80,000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japan’s sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres. Seventy-five percent of the homes there are covered by solar panels. The government has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the government has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help this program.

People living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. "We moved here because of the panels. It was something we wanted,” said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husband and two little children about four years ago.

It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope for the country. "People want solar energy,” said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar energy at the moment. All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is still a wonderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy.

1.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.

A.test the readers’ knowledge about solar energy

B.draw the readers’ attention to the topic

C.learn the situation that solar energy is used

D.invite the readers to answer them

2.The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______.

A.the reason why people are moving into Solar City

B.how the people are living in Solar City

C.the things that people living in Solar City need

D.the life experience from the people living in Solar City

3.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.

A.Japan is a country which is lacking in energy

B.the solar panels are only useful in sunny days

C.the Solar City program will be successful

D.Solar City is a very modern big city

参考答案及解析：

1.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：信息错位，张冠李戴。题干是考查文章开头的写作目的，而非全篇的写作目的。

【解题指导】写作目的题。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题,故选B。

【答案】本题的正确选项为B。

2.【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析是没有抓住文章段落的主题。

【解题指导】主旨大意题。从本段来看，第一句话说出，生活在太阳城使用太阳电池板省钱。第二句话说出了，生活在太阳城不仅是为了省钱，还为了太阳电池板。因此，可知答案为A。考查文章的段落大意，此时要注意段落的主题句，可位于段首，段尾或段落的中间，也有的要从段中自己提取的。

【答案】本题的.正确选项为A。

3.【错解分析】典型错误A或B.错因分析是没有掌握试题的特点，推理判断题要从文中进行推断，而不是文中的原话。

【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010.”可知。此项目的目的达到了。因此，C项正确。D项，可根据文中的“Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres.”知，Solar City并不是一个大城市。A、B两项是文中的事实，而非推理。推理判断题分为简单推理和复杂推理。所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。而复杂推理就是不但要以文字为依据，而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理，就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。

【答案】本题的正确选项为C。

C. 2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解辨析

2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解

试题文本第一段：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.

原文节选第一段对照：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.

1. 本段关键信息词汇：changed, popularization, original, misunderstand, makeup, far beyond, skill-based，but,

a. Popularization: 为大众所普遍接受的（对普通公众有吸引力的行为、或者现象）

b.makeup: 取含义 （N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格）Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.

There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.

他的性格有致命的缺陷，随着时间的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者变得漠然。

2. 黑体词部分从语篇思维角度可能会是影响阅读理解的关键词，也可能是命题题点所需要支持的信息词。

32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?

A. It can be measured by an IQ test.

B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.

C. It includes a set of emotional skills.

D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.

本题题干提问信息词汇：misunderstanding。相对应上面2提到的阅读以及命题关键词：misunderstood。本题的四个选项对这一部分进行了paraphrase，干扰项把原文信息进行了相反的paraphrase，正确项貌似对信息almost everything desirable 进行了paraphrase：It refers to a person’s positive qualities.但事实上，desirable 和positive 是两个具有不同性质的修饰类形容词。两者严谨来讲不能同指同一事物。此处，答案选择D。

文本第一段命题人修改了两个信息词distorted—changed；equate—misunderstood。这两对词汇的替换是否恰当，供读者们探讨。本观点认为有欠妥当，因为欠妥当，引起32题的设计结合原文让人感觉不地道。Distort相似与misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很难语义相关。

考试文本第二段：We  prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.

We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.

1.标色部分为“第二段”的试题文本和原文改动词汇对比。试题文本被认为在此处划分了另一段落。是否符合语篇写作形式逻辑，需要从写作技巧上进行具体分析。

2.事实上，define无需改为describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改为good or bad purposes已经改变了，原作者的写作意图，两者含义区别很大，会给读者造成一定的思维干扰。perceive,understand,know这样的替换还是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find, client/ patient,whereas/while, con artist/cheater的替换也可以接受。Ethical 应该是课标词汇，无需修改。

3.“The ability< to accurately understand how others are feeling >may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. ”这是一个复杂句子，the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此处还是觉得原词更好）表示“指定性转折对比”，医生可以用以对症治疗，骗子也可能拿来行骗。得出结论：有情商的人群可能是具有两面性的分类人群。

33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?

A. To explain a rule.  B. To clarify a concept.

C. To  present a fact.  D. To make a prediction.

此题属于细节理解题。理解了原文信息就可以读懂题干。但是选项信息区别性不是太大，命题人从主观角度给出D为标准答案。比较起来，D为最佳。AC并没有原则上的非正确性的信息支持。

考试文本第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect  of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being. 

原文对照：Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.

1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.

虽然关于情商的流行（大众化）观点远远超出了研究所能提供的合理支持（论证），但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。

a.run far ahead of :远远跑在前面。此处语境指“远远超过”。

b.publicity n.(媒体的)关注，宣传，报道;宣传业;广告宣传工作;传播工作

2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.

这种普及(媒体宣传形成的人们的普遍认知）最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他关心促进社会福利的人对情感的一种新的和急需的强化。

试题文本第四段：

The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

原文对照：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.

此处research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替换意义不是很大，原文词汇更加贴切达意。

1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及帮助公众和研究者重新评估情感的功能以及它们如何在日常生活中适应性地为人们服务。

34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?

A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.

询问作者情感态度的试题一般可以通过文章信息获得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的态度是肯定的。

试题文本第五段：

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.

1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.

虽然情绪智力的持续流行的吸引力是可取的，我们希望这种关注将激发对情绪的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。

2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.

我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的视角以此来研究人们如何管理（引领）自己的生活。此处，原文当中的navigate要比修改后的manage更能表达意义。

3.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.

情商，以其对头脑和心灵的关注，可能会为我们指明正确的方向。

原文对照：

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.

35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?

A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.

C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.

此题的命题点属于对段落大意进行概括，关联关键词“hope,will，may”, 链接答案中的expectations。D项的语言表述是有问题的。B项可以改为：Expectations for future studies on it. C项可以改为：The practical application on it.

总结：本文是节选。文章基本表意完整。选取这一部分视角和普通关于情商的认知有一定的差异性。也正是这种认知差异性使得本文通过英语传达的思想略有难度。文本有一些复杂句，但整体句式整齐，没有偏怪句式，不会产生明显的句式语言障碍。当然，也会对学生的基本语法习得情况有一定的区分度。试题命制中规中矩。试题文本被命题人划分为5段，从文法角度是否严谨科学有待考证。建议语篇分析此文时酌情科学进行。

试卷试题：

We  prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.

Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect  of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being.  The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.

32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?

A. It can be measured by an IQ test.

B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.

C. It includes a set of emotional skills.

D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.

33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?

A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.

C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.

34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?

A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.

35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?

A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.

C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.

原文链接：http://eqi.org/salov2.htm Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter

节选原文：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.

Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction

D. 高中英语做阅读，完形填空等题的时候怎么区分时态

1.充分利用首句信息
完形填空题首句往往不设空，往往是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，要充分利用完形填空题首句的提示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。
2.多角度的逻辑推理
完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程，必须把握作者的思路，通过联想、推测等方法，多换角度去思考问题，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。
3.从上下文寻找线索
通读全文，理顺大意，根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空题的关键。近年高考试题逐渐摈弃单纯的语言分析考查，而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断。就空格而言，体现了以实词为主、虚词为辅的特点，而且几乎不暴露明显的语言错误，词语在特定的语境中所表达的陷含信息大都无法只凭字面或单从个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解获知。因此，只有借助于上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定才能够准确作出判断。
4.利用语法分析解题
对语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的命题角度之一。对于这种题，要针对地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成份、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用等一系列问题。
5.利用文化背景和生活常识解题
做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。
6.习惯用法和词语辨析
对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。而在众多的习语当中，介词往往扮演最活跃的角色，其次是副词。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势，多为常用词、词组。
7.语篇标志的利用
语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，如：表示结果层次的语篇标志firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等;表示逻辑关系的有thus,therefore,so等;表示改变话题的有bytheway等;表示时间关系的有before,sofar,yet,now,later等。如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系

E. 高考英语完形填空解题技巧 完形满分不是梦

完形填空可以说是很多学生的噩梦，最斗磨郑近不少人反应，自己考试的时候自信满满的做完题目，结果对答案发现完形填空就对了几题，这着实让人很头疼。今天我为大家整理了高考英语完形填空解题技巧，希望可以帮到大家。

英语考试解题技巧：完形填空篇

明白单词意思

完形填空常常会设置一些词义辨析题目，这就要求考生把握每个单词的准确含义，不然在面对 A common B ordinary C usual D general 这样的选项时，就会傻傻分不清楚了，解决这个问题的方法就是把这些词汇的意思一个个的弄懂，就不再会有这个纠结了。

拓宽词汇量

与阅读一样，大量生词的存在会影响对文本的理解，除此之外，如果选项中出现两个以上的生词时，那你选错的概率会大大增加。 在熟记考纲词汇的基础上，不断的增加自己的词汇量对于解题会非常有帮助。

了解熟词生义

熟词生义也是完形填空中的一个常见考点，一个常见单词比如draft,作名词时的含义就有草稿，汇票游困，草图，选秀这几种，对于常用单词，在最常用的意思之外，建议多背一到两个。

熟记常见搭配

完形填空中常常考察介词的使用，因此牢记常见的搭配，尤其是其中介词的使用就十分重要了，比如同为 look 的短语，look at 和 look into 的含义就完全不同，有的题目还会给出介词要求反推实词，比如，同样是表示喜欢的词组，有 crazy about, mad at, keen on 这几种，因此熟记常见搭配的重要性就不言而喻了。

高中英语完形填空解题技巧

(一)利用句首信息，推测语篇主旨

完形填空所选短文的第一句常为主题句，一般不设空。把握了主题句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。

(二)寻找提示信息，重现语境意义

完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，所以考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有提示，这种提示多为后面提示前面。

(三)识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系

语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词被称为“语篇标志”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有firstly,secondly, thirdly, finally等;表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus ,therefore, so等;表示改变话题的语篇标志语有by the way 等;表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides，what’s more，furthermore等.

(四)利用原词复现，寻找近义词语

完型填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的空颂句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整而又有机的意义整体。在阅读文章的过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推侧判断，选出正确答案。