中考英语饼形表阅读理解
1. 广西中考英语阅读训练题及答案
广西中考英语科目中的阅读理解占有重要地位,在备考时间里同学们需要抓紧阅读理解的练习。下面我为大家带来广西中考英语阅读训练题,欢迎同学们练习。
广西中考英语阅读训练题***一***
Betty, Bill, Emily, Jack 和Molly正各自打算暑假找一份临时工作。请仔细阅读第56-60题中的个人情况说明和A至F六份工作的描述,选出符合各自条件的最佳选项。
56.Betty: In 1994 I was born in a big city. My father is a puter engineer. I began to learn puter at the age of 5. Although I am young now, I have bee a puter expert.
57.Bill: I am a 14-year-old boy. I like many sports such as swimming, running and cycling etc. I never sleep in. I like the saying “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
58.Emily: I love children. I have two little brothers. When they were little, I often helped my mother to look after them. I always feel happy when they call me “ sister”. I am good at all my school subjects.
59.Jack: I like growing flowers, planting vegetables and cutting grass. I love nature. People often ask me “Boy, what do you want to be when you grow up?” I always answer, “I don’t like working in an office. I want to be a farmer and work on a farm.
60.Molly: I was born in 1996. Both my parents and I like animals. My school is a little far away from my home but I always walk to school. This summer holiday I have lots of free time.
A
B
C
Description: Dog walking
Work Time: 6:00pm-7:00 pm
***Sun.-Mon.***
Age: 12-17
Sex: Boys or girls
Description: Lawn and garden work
Work
***Tue., Fri.***
Age: 15-17
Sex: Only boys
Description: Web designing
Work Time: 9:00am-12 am
***Mon.-Fri,***
Age: 16-17
Sex: Boys or girls
D
E
F
Description: Homework help for kids
Work time: 6:00pm-7:00 pm
Age: 14-16
Sex: Only girls
Description: Fast food or restaurant work
pm
Age: 16-17
Sex: Boys or girls
Description: Delivering newspapers
Work Time: 6:00am-8:00 am
Age: 12-16
Sex: Only boys
广西中考英语阅读训练题答案
56.C 57.F 58.D 59.B 60.A
广西中考英语阅读训练题***二***
I shook hands with my father in the truck, and for a long time he looked straight ahead and didn't say a word. But I knew he was going to say a little to me.“I can't tell anything,”he finally said.“I never went to college, and none of your brothers went to college. I can't say don't do this and do that, because everything is different and I don't know what is going to e up. I can't help much with money either, but I think things will work out.”
He gave me a new check-book.“If things get pushing, write a *** all check. But when you write one, send me a letter and let me know how much. There are some things we can always sell.”In four years all t he checks I wrote were less than a thousand dollars. My part-time jobs such as reading to the blind student and sitting with the teachers' kids filled in the financial gaps.
“You know what you want to be, and they'll tell you what to take,”my father went on.“When you get a job, be sure it's honest, and work hard.”I knew that soon I would be alone in the big town, and I would be missing the cool winds and a life where your thinking was done for you.
Then my dad reached down beside his seat and brought the old, broken Bible that he had read so often, the one he used when he wanted to look something up in a friendly quarrel with one of the neighbours. I knew he would miss it. I knew, though, that I must take it.
He didn't say read this every morning. He just said,“This can help you if you will let it.”
Did it help? I got through college without being a burden on the family. I have been able to make money since.
46.What is the writer's main purpose ***目的*** in writing this passage?
A.To tell the readers his life story.
B.To tell people what kind of person his father was.
C.To let people know how poor he was.
D.To tell the readers what present he got from his father.
47.Why did the father not ask his son not to do this and do that?
A.Because he felt quite confident of his son.
B.Because he was born from a poor family.
C.Because he was a man of few words.
D.Because he didn't want to be much too strict with his son.
48.What would someone learn from this passage?
A.How to live by oneself. B.How to stand on one's own feet.
C.What a good father should do. D.What the self-important is like.
49.What may be the proper Chinese for the underlined part in the passage?
A.闲暇时光. B.学费. C.经济不足. D.精神空虚.
50.What kind of book did the Bible seem to be to the writer's father?
A.It was a book which told you how you should get on well with others.
B.There were many good examples for you to in it.
C.It was a book that told you how to get a good job and a good future.
D.It was a good book that could help you when you were in trouble.
广西中考英语阅读训练题答案
46.D 47.A 48.B 49.C 50.D
2. 中考英语阅读表达解题技巧
中考英语阅读表达解题技巧
阅读与表达是近两年中考英语中出现的新题型,要求学生阅读短文并回答问题。下面就是我给大家准备的中考英语阅读表达的解题技巧,一起来学习一下吧!
【中考英语阅读表达解题技巧】
近几年在各地中考英语试题中,又出现一种新题型——务型阅读。它是根据任务型教学设计而成的,它是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型。它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括,是一种读写结合的题型。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解能力,也考查学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力,还考查学生运用英语语言将有关内容以文字形式正确地表达出来的能力。
纵观近几年的中考试题,不难发现阅读材料难度整体适中,材料后的题目设计难度并不很大,但是学生在实际做题过程中,经常会犯一些错误,导致不必要的失分。因此我们有必要让同学们掌握一些解题方法。
★完成任务型阅读的过程就是:
阅读(信息输入)→判断、分析、概括、推理(信息加工与处理)→答题(信息输出)。
具体说来,任务型阅读的解题策略包括以下四个方面:
一、 确阅读任务
任务型阅读一般提供一段或几段阅读材料,在材料后设置5 个任务,做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务,明确任务是什么,再带着任务去阅读材料,这样就能做到心中有数,有针对性地去读,并能提高阅读效率。
二、 读全文,了解大意
明确任务后,应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容,以及文章的感情基调、作者的意图、态度倾向。在材料后的问题设置中,经常有对文章大意的考查。对于概括大意的题目,需要通篇考虑,对要点加以归纳概括,这类题目有时可以从文中找到答案,但有时需要用自己的话来概括。这类题,属于难度较大的题,对文章还得再读一读,才能总结出来。除此之外,还经常考查“给文章拟一个标题”。这类题目可以通过寻找主题句和高频词来完成。根据英文写作的特点,主题句往往是首句或结尾句,但当没有主题句时,则应从全文中全面、简练地去提炼、概括。文章的标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子,但不管是什么,确定标题必须遵循以下两个原则:① 概括性原则,即标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文,体现文章的.中心大意。② 醒目性原则,即标题必须力求吸引读者的注意力。
三、 读细节,逐题攻克
(一) 寻找细节,从原文中找答案
在经过第二步泛读全文之后,对于材料后面问题的细节考查题,在文章中所处的大体位置有所了解。然后就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应,跳读的目的就是为细节寻找答案。如阅读填空或填表题,这种题目要求学生通过阅读材料,获取相关信息,以填写词语或补全句子的方式完成表格或图表。还有一些题目是对文章细节的直接设问,答案通常可以从原文中找到。从各地中考题看来,是有相当比例的此类题目。
(二) 精读细节,理解深层含义
任务型阅读,也是阅读理解的一种题型,不仅考查学生直接获取信息的能力,还可考查学生通过已知信息进行推理,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。因此,这就要求考生要具备通过已知信息进行判断推理能力和透过字面意思解读深层含义能力,这一类型题在阅读测试中属于难度较大的题目。在做这一类型的题目时,考生应在理解全文的基础上,捕捉文章中有关的信息,精读特定细节及周围的句子来帮助理解。做这一类型的题时,还需注意:① 把握文章的内在逻辑关系,以文章提供的事实和观点为依据,立足原文,推断未知。不能主观臆造,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。② 在理解全文的基础上,吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉一些线索,对文章的表面意思进行挖掘加工,悟出作者的深层含义或弦外之音。
我们可以通过以上三种方法来答题,还需要注意一下“答题要求”:
① 在答题时,总的原则就是:能简略回答,尽量简略回答。
② 书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,并能正确使用;单词拼写要正确无误;单词书写要认真。这些方面也要引起考生注意,力争避免不必要的失分。
③ 作出适当调整。在回答时,同学们应对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等作出适当的调整。
四、 通读全文,仔细检查
在完成所有任务后,同学们还应结合题目再把全文通读一遍,认真核实答案,同时还应检查一下书写的规范性及句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等,这是答题的最后一步,同样也很关键。因此,同学们平时应养成做完题后仔细检查的好习惯。
总之,同学们要想出色的完成任务型阅读题,不仅需要在考场上运用各种解题技巧,而且还需要在平时课内外加大阅读的训练量、扩充词汇量。要知道:理解能力的提高绝非一日之功。
【中考英语中的填表型任务阅读解题策略】
一、题型简介
这种题型只在考查学生综合运用语言的能力,即捕捉信息、组织信息和综合概括信息的能力。该题型任务可分为阅读文章和表格填空两个部分。要求考生根据所读短文,对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括,而后准确有序地完成表格的空缺。此类阅读话题广泛,体裁多样,内容贴近生活,富有气息。表格项目。基本上根据文章结构和作者思路设计,一般包括标题、段落大意、文章细节、结论等部分。当然把握命题人设空规律显得很重要。
二、任务型阅读解题思路和方法指导
1.解题步骤:研表一读文一填表
研表:迅速阅读表格,预测所缺单词。通过分析表格的项目内容和结构特征,从而揣测命题的目的和意图,准确把握信息范围及对文章的理解方向。要特别关注文章的标题栏及表格前的小标题,这样有助于理解短文的大意。
读文:快速浏览全文.把握短文大意,再读文章文章内容.找准细节定位。任务型阅读要求考生解读语篇,掌握文章的框架结构和段落大意,又要求考生对具体的事实细节进行查找和定位、理解和转换。因此,在阅读文章时,考生应适时恰当地运用多种阅读技巧,对文章进行全面的理解。
填表:抓住有效细心,准确填好表格。任务型阅读考查学生通过快速阅读捕捉信息的能力,又要求对文中信息进行理解转换,并进行适当的逻辑推理和归纳总结,在填表时.力争返回原文,找出与题目有关的内容,抓住关键词汇,填好所缺单词。填好表格后,再次校对所填单词拼写是否正确.是否符合文章内容。
2.解题方法指导
(1)快速定位圈点。根据表格中所提供的细节信息,抓住关键词语,返回原文,快速捕捉,对表格中提供的信息在文中进行定位,并通过对比新旧语境,圈出不同点。
(2)巧妙运用转换。对于那些不能在原文中直接选定的答案,根据表格中对原文语义的转换,掌握设空规律,进行词形和词性的转换。巧用同义词、反义词、词语搭配等转换方式,以便提高答题正确率。
(3)掌握归纳技巧。有时表格中的最上栏或最左栏需要学生概括相应栏内的内容,常用的概括性词语有:原因(reason/cause)、方法(way/means)、优缺点(advantage/disadvantage)、观点(opinion/view)、建议(advice/tip/suggestions)、目的(aim/purpose)、问题(problem)、影响和结果(effect/result)、个人信息(name/age/occupation/personality)等。掌握这些概括性词语,可以帮助学生迅速准确地完成答题任务。
(4)注意答题细节。审清表格,注意表格中所缺单词的排列顺序,特别要留神写到答题卡上的单词序号:正确拼写单词,注意首字母的大小写、名词的单复数、主谓一致及非谓语动词的使用等。另外,书写工整在答题的过程中也十分重要。
总之,任务型阅读不同于传统的阅读理鳃.这就要求学生在平时学习过程中夯实基础,加强常用词汇的积累,培养自己的创新思维,并养成细心答题的好习惯。
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3. 初中英语阅读理解解题技巧和方法
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初中英语阅读理解解题技巧和方法
一、养成良好阅读心态
阅读时过于紧张、思想开小差等消极因素会妨碍大脑的正常思维,而保持心绪安定,精神专一等良好的阅读习惯则能大大提高大脑的思维。良好的阅读习惯来自于良好的阅读心态。因此,从现在开始,注意在平时的阅读理解训练中保持一种好的阅读心态,精力应集中,心态要平和,在碰到生词难句时不能心烦意乱,要保持一种良好的心绪,这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰,思想深刻,才能更好地把握住文章的脉络。
二、注重提高阅读的速度
中考英语阅读理解共由4篇文章组成,从某种程度上说,阅读理解考的也是阅读速度,要学会快速浏览,能快速找出文章的关键词句和主旨。因此要注重培养自己快速阅读的习惯,扩大眼睛阅读的广度,把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一种较快速度的线式阅读;在碰到生词或难懂的句子时不能浪费时间,可以先行越过,个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测、推断。
三、注意阅读技巧训练
可以通过反复精做一篇阅读,直到全对,不断总结、调整和强化获取表层信息及内在信息或猜测、推理、判断、概括的能力;还要善于找关键句,在很多文章里第一段和每段的第一句往往是关键句,可以帮助同学们理解整个文章的主题或某一段的概括。在阅读中,要注意抓住中心思想,以及文中出现的who、where、when、what及why等关键词。
四、要坚持每天阅读
每天读两至三篇题材各样的小短文。要多练习富有代表性、典型性的体裁和题材的阅读文章,如记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文,幽默故事、新闻广告、文体娱乐、科普常识、文化习俗,多关注社会热点、新闻时事和身边的话题。将坚持阅读的习惯保持到考前的最后一天。
五、可采取限时阅读的方法
采用限时阅读,即在一定时间内读完文章及做完相关的习题。同学们对于不同的阅读材料,要采用不同的阅读方法以及阅读的速度。着重培养对阅读材料进行分析、推理和判断的能力以及对阅读内容给予评价的能力。
拓展阅读:中考英语备考冲刺复习技巧有哪些
一、冲刺复习以整理为主
最后的冲刺复习,考生再进行大量的练习是不科学的,这段时间应将从前做过的试卷进行最后的整理,将试卷中的错题进行梳理、归类,配合以往的笔记,通过对试卷的分析,将常错的题逐一攻克以查漏补缺。现在,许多学生专注于做各种练习题,却忽略了做题后的总结和归纳,其实,总结和归纳是考生提高英语水平的有效途径。考生应该在每堂复习课后、每次考试后,将错题整理到改错本上,事后将错题再做一遍,这样可限度减少重复性犯错。在查漏补缺中,考生可按自己的方法进行,也可以用联想式的复习方式进行,如在复习一个单词或词组时,不光要知道该单词或词组的意思、词性、用法,同时也应联系该单词或词组的同义词、反义词、近义词进行复习。另外,考生要研究一下去年中考题中出现过的“旧词新意”,即一单词是课本中学过的,但考生从未接触其新的用法或词意,这需要考生通过上下文来理解,大胆猜测。
二、综合能力训练不可少
强调英语学科的实用性是中考英语的趋势之一,所以在最后一周里考生要强化一下常用的交际用语的复习,在复习时应侧重于把握文化和表达习惯的差异,如注重打电话、购物、看病、旅游计划等语境,表达情感包括感谢、遗憾、邀请、道歉、询问、祝愿等,复习时考生要侧重于“惯用”表达。在复习时,可通过回归课本来实现,如每天花半小时读课文,一刻钟练听力,这样对语法、语感的复习和培养是很有帮助的。阅读还是应加强,可从句子入手,遇到生词要及时落实,生词不求会写但要懂得词意,这样适当地拓宽单词量,对中考有好处。但是在现在的关键时刻,也不要本末倒置,考生抛开书本,一味去拓宽词汇量也是不实际的。在复习作文方面,可以选择两篇作文进行练兵,在训练时不主张自我发挥,还是要求稳,翻译时要将要点翻译正确,尽量用简单句,要注意句子间和段落间的过渡,不要出现语法、单词错误,另外对于日记、信件、通知等文体的格式要进一步落实,再收集一下有关校园生活的素材,进行针对性的练习。
三、记背还是不可少
每天记背单词是不可少的,记背方法可由学生自行确定,但一定要落实其读音、词性、用法等,对于那些多层词义、词性和用法的单词要格外留意。在复习写作时,建议考生将写过的作文的范文看一下,并选择性地记背几篇,特别是一些好词、好句、过渡句等。
四、不同层面学生冲刺各有侧重
不同层面上的考生在最后的复习还是应突出其针对性。基础较差的考生重点攻克基础内容,考生在复习时要掌握各个考点,考生只要态度端正了,就一定能有所突破。基础较好的考生重点放在完形填空、阅读和作文上。要善于总结这几类拉分题的解题技巧。如在做完形填空、阅读理解和阅读填词题时,都要通读文章,瞻前顾后,掌握文章的主旨,选择答案后再回归到文本中去检验。碰到有的选项模棱两可,就应根据上下文推测,考生会发现有的选项在下文中已经出现或有暗示;有些选项,学生习惯以自己的知识经验为判断依据,这样容易误选;答题要仔细斟酌,避免以偏概全,即有的选项看似正确,也符合题意,此时应再考虑一下它的说法是否过于绝对或者有以偏概全的问题。
中考英语选择题答题技巧有哪些
1.形似意近者先。
实践告诉我们,选择题所给选项形状相似性越大,或意义越相近,难度就会越大。若四个选项形意各不相近,则属记忆性的考查,只要记住一定的知识就能迎刃而解。形似意近者因其考查内容具有复杂性、广阔性和灵活性,要作出正确的选择就必须具有相当坚实的基础知识才行。相似性越大,干扰性越大,但答案隐含在其中的可能性也就随之增大。所以,解题时可以将目标首先就定在形似意近的选项上。选择题选项设计一般为两项相似,三项相似的不多,四项相似的则更少,相比较而言,还不是太难的。若找准相似的两项以后,则选对的可能性就有百分之五十。
2.互为相反者先。
互为相反者指形式相反或意义相反的两个并列选项。只要理解上稍出差错,即可使思维误入歧途,从而得出完全相反的结果。但实质上也已明显透露了答案就在两者之中,非此即彼。
3.反向思维法。
反向思维法又称逆向思维法。习惯于按常规知识解题之后,如果遇到一些与常情不符的题目,就会感到不知所措,无所适从。其实这恰恰是编题者的高明之处,因为此类考题正好切中了英语教学的难点要害,常为中国学生难以掌握或极易混淆之点。不过,越是这样,越是不必惊慌。只要反其道而行之,解此类题就会易如反掌。尤其是破解主谓一致题或冠词考查题,运用此法如探囊取物。
4.排斥法。
几乎每道题的破解均须采用此法。吃准两个选项时,有时已有的认知结构仍然不能解决问题,或许对其中一项一窍不通,但如果能确定其中一项肯定不对,那么另一项必是答案无疑。因为此法使用十分普遍。
5.重视固定搭配。
任何一种语言都有大量的固定搭配词组,英语也不例外。那些约定俗成的词组,不可随便更改,否则就会不伦不类,令人费解。因此我们必须对其高度重视,认真对待。实质上,这类题属于记忆性的考查,因为固定的搭配必定产生固定的意思,一旦记住了它的搭配和意思,解题就不会困难。
4. 中考英语完型填空及阅读理解解题技巧
英语最怕完型填空和阅读理解,在中考同学们要有和技巧呢?接下来是我为大家带来的关于中考英语完型填空及阅读理解解题技巧,希望会给大家带来帮助。
中考英语完型填空及阅读理解解题技巧:
一、完形填空解题技巧
完形填空主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力,包括基础知识的掌握和运用,对整个 文章 逻辑联系的理解,在情景中辨析词义的能力以及词组 短语 搭配的使用能力, 这是大部分考生认为难度最大的考查项目。
有些考生的听力基础知识部分做的还比较好,但是完形填空却只能做对一两道,有的甚至对完形填空产生了恐惧心理,导 致全军覆没。其实只要我们有信心,有良好的心理素质,再加上一定的技巧,完形填空并不是不可逾越的鸿沟。
1平心静气不急不躁
对完形填空心存恐惧,是导致失误的根本原因,有些考生满脑子的畏难思想,殊不知这种情绪只会使得自己的全部思想游离题外,根本无法进入思维,还谈何理解文章的内容呢?所以,集中思想、树立信心、平心静气、去除杂念才是做好完型填空题的保证。
2浏览全文把握大意
浏览全文能获得更多的上下文提供的信息,并根据文章的内在逻辑意义、贯穿文章始终的主线以及作者行文的走向,把握文脉,调整并定位自己的解题思路,从而做出最终的判断。
如在Computer一文中,作者贯穿文章始终的主线为Computers are important for human beings,但到了最后,作者笔锋一转,提出Are you afraid if computers can really think one day?作者的行文走向是一种担心和忧虑,所以读者既要善于听话听音,也要把握准文脉,及时调整、定位自己的思路,就会发现上述问题的正确回答应该是 Yes,we are afraid.
3识别短语注意搭配
一类短语是由动词 介词,或动词 副词构成,在现代英语中,这类词组很多而且实用性强、结构简练、使用灵活、表达生动,
如break the ice,look forward to,keep an eye on,catch one's eye等;还有一类使用极广的是介词短语,如with regard to,in a blink of,on everyone's lips,at the age of等。
如果平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆,掌握它们的搭配规律,在做完形填空时就能得心应手,减少失误,提高完形填空的命中率。
4运用语法理顺关系
语法知识是指导完形填空的法宝,词汇是根据语法规则确定各自的位置,有了语法规则文章才能有条不紊、顺理成章。
如介词后的代词必然是宾格;物质名词一般不用复数;形容词必须放在不定代词后;行为动词的否定和疑问句应由助动词do构成;情态动词只能与不带to的动词连用等。
5遇到难词反复默念
有时会遇到这样的情况,大部分词都填出来了,只有一、两个难词绞尽脑汁仍不得要领,如果考试时间允许,不要轻易放弃。先从语法角度考虑,再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景 文化 和习俗等。
有时 句子 好像什么也不缺,读上去很完整,就必须考虑,很可能缺的就是连词and,副词then、always、sometimes等,如果还未填出,应反复默念几遍,有些词就会悄然而至,在你的记忆中浮现出来。
6细心检查避免疏漏
完成填空后最关键的一点是要细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方。有些考生为自己全部填出了而沾沾自喜,根本没想到不是缺了“’”就是少了“s”,或是忘了加“ed”,这是很可惜的,因为从意思上他是理解了题目,但却因粗心失分。
用好上面的“克敌绝招”,相信每位同学都能够在考场上如鱼得水。
二、阅读理解解题技巧
1分门别类识别文体
记叙文 阅读主要抓四大要素,即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果,以及人物之间的关系、表现,从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等;
议论文 是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点,因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据,理清论证思路,再进行逻辑推理得出结论;
应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体,它包括通知、 广告 、便条、 申请书 、个人简历,形式多样,题材各异,如图示、表格、地址、网址等,对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息,理解文章内容。
2统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解,而不是断章取义的一孔之见,所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的,这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录,因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答,而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。
3开动脑筋推测词意
初中英语教学基本要求规定,学生能根据上下文推测词义,并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料,换言之,这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程,学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为,可以借助以下的几种 方法 完成内化过程:
(1)根据上下文猜测词意。
(2)根据构词法猜测词意。
前缀un-表 反义词 ,如happy、unhappy;fair、unfair;important、unimportant等。
后缀- ment表名词,如develop、development;state、statement;argue、argument等。
后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词,如calculate、calculator;visit、visitor;law、lawyer;wait、waiter;science、scientist;art、artist等。
4用知识和生活 经验 理解短文
如根据化学知识,可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.
还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逻辑推理实际上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如一道中考模拟卷阅读问题, Then they came to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he touched the cloth, he cried, “Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!” 据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。
5条分缕析理解长句
长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一,长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构,对于这类句子要分清主次,先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补,再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。
如,Parents whose children show a special interest in a particularsport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.
先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a decision.
再找出修饰语Whose children show a special interest in a particular sport为Parents的定语从句,difficult修饰decision,to make about their children's careers为不定式做decision的定语。
5. 中考英语阅读理解例题
中考英语阅读理解例题
足够数量的词汇和娴熟的语法知识是提高阅读理解能力和增强阅读速度的基础,下面是我给大家提供的中考的`英语阅读理解例题及答案,一起来练习一下吧!
第一篇:
Ask any student which subject he or she hates most.9 out of 10 students will answer “math”.No matter which country you visit,no matter which grade you are in,you may not learn art,geography,chemistry or Chinese,but you always learn math.Why is this so?How come so many students hate math,and yet cannot avoid learning it in school?
Jenny Sanders,a high school student in California,asks,“What good do we get from learning math?We can use computers to compute numbers,and we can use computers to store information.I think learning math at school is a waste of time.”
However,there is much more to math than just learning to add and subtract(减) numbers.In fact,math is not so much about calculation (计算) as it is about learning to think logically (逻辑地) and solving problems.Of course,Jenny was right that we can use computers to do calculations,but how would we even know how to use the computer if we can't think logically?In short,computers are only tools when solving problems.
For example,imagine you are a cook and must serve dinner to 100 guests.How should you divide your resources so that you can get the job done most efficiently (高效地)?In situations like this,the ability to think logically will get you to a reasonable answer and solve your problem.
21.According to the passage,which subject do students always learn in different grades at school?
A.Chinese.B.Math.C.Geography.
22.What does Jenny Sanders think of learning math?
A.Interesting. B.Boring. C.Useless.
23.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.90% of the students hate learning math.
B.Students can learn math well with computers.
C.Math can do calculations and store information.
24.What does the underlined word “resources” mean in the passage?
A.科目 B.效率 C.资源
25.What does the writer want to tell us?
A.Math is just learning to add and subtract numbers.
B.Math can be good for both our body and our mind.
C.Math helps us think logically and solve problems.
第二篇:
“Homestay is a form of study abroad program.It allows the visitor to rent a room from a local (当地的) family to better understand the local lifestyle.It also helps to improve the visitor's language ability,”said a teacher ring a school meeting last term.“Students who wish to learn more about foreign cultures or to get foreign experience should join this kind of holiday.I am sure you won't be disappointed (失望的).”
After this special meeting,I always thought about this kind of holiday.Last month,I had a chance at last to go on such a holiday with some of my schoolmates and we went to London,a place where I had wanted to go since years ago.
As we were still young,we had a group leader who planned things for us and looked after us.After we got to London,we went to stay with different families.I was lucky that my host family (寄宿家庭) was a white couple who had a daughter about my age.They treated me as a daughter of their family ring my stay there.They were interested in me and I learnt a lot of things from them,too.
The holiday was filled with activities every day.After breakfast,a local teacher would come to take us in his car.Then we would have classes or go on a sightseeing trip to different places of interest like the Big Ben,the London Bridge,and the Buckingham Palace.We would go back to our own homes after the activities.
The holiday was a valuable experience for me.I enjoyed every minute of it.Yet,time really flew fast.Three weeks later,we had to leave “home” for Hong Kong.
11.In the “homestay” program,a visitor can ________.
A.learn more about holidays
B.understand his culture better
C.improve the language ability
D.take part in foreign meetings
12.The writer had wanted to visit London since ________.
A.last month B.years ago
C.the special meeting D.her stay abroad
13.The group leader should ________.
A.make plans for the family
B.take care of the students
C.stay with different families
D.rent rooms to the students
14.The writer's host family ________.
A.was very kind to her
B.went sightseeing with her
C.had two white daughters
D.was interested in her activities
15.From the passage,we know that the writer ________ in London.
A.wished to stay a little longer
B.spent three weeks in her home
C.had classes in many interesting places
D.helped the teacher take the students in a car
>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<
第一篇:21~25.BCACD
第二篇:11~15.ACDDC
;6. 中考英语语法:阅读理解的考查范围及解题技巧
《阅读理解的考查范围及解题技巧》由留学liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
阅读理解的考查范围及解题技巧
根据教育部制定的英语课程标准,初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面,在中考中所占比重越来越大,这是拉开档次的题目。由此我们提醒那些对单项选择情有独钟的同学一定要注意把阅读作为复习的主要内容。因为阅读好了,就等于为做好各种题打下了良好的基础。试想想,听力、单选、完型、改错,哪个不是在读的基础上做题呢?
阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下:
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义;
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系;
3、能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局;
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料;
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息;
6、除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上,所谓阅读能力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。
阅读理解对初三初四学生来讲是一种较高水平的能力要求,是一项难度较高的测试题。无论是在我们日常英语学习和复习考试中阅读都是不可忽视的一项主要内容,然而阅读能力的培养和水平的提高也绝不是一日之功,必须明确要求,掌握方法,打好基础,不断总结,阅读水平才能不断提高。
考试中阅读理解主要题型
英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化,涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。体裁多样化,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。大致来说,主要针对如下方面:1.文章的个别词或句子;2.文章的某细节或情节;3.文章的主题;4.文章的背景知识;5.文章的结论或结局;6.文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。
具体来讲主要有以下几种题型:
(一)、直接理解性题目
这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节,就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
(二)、语义理解性题目
题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文,甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
(三)、逻辑推理性题目
这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须举告根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,才能获得正确答案。
(四)、归纳概括性题目
要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时,不能只凭文芹念中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断,从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
阅读题目的命制原则
1.考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能正首明力。这就要求通过阅读短文,运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识,根据自己的理解,掌握所读材料的主旨和大意,以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和情节,能回答短文后面所给的问题。
2.要求学生既理解具体的事实,也理解抽象的概念;既理解文章的表层意思,也理解文章的深层含义,包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音”。
3.要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义,也理解全篇的逻辑关系,并据此进行推理和判断。
4.要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解,也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。
阅读题解题基本步骤
1.初读全文
(1)该题属于“语篇理解”题型。一般宜先通读短文全文,初步了解短文整体框架、大意及作者意向,并在抓住主要信息及各段中心内容的同时,标出有疑问或重要的地方。(2)也可以先扫读文章后的理解题目,明确要求,便于快速阅读全文时留意或抓住重要材料及关键词语。
2.再读全文
目的是加深对整体的把握及对文章主旨各段中心内容的理解,进一步思考并初步弄清或解决第一遍阅读时发现的疑问。
3.细读试答
在认真研读题目(“题干”和“选项”)、明确答题要求的基础上,再细读短文有关部分以便决定答案。这一步至关重要,既要细致,又要在整体把握的层面上上下照应、前后联系。一般说来,试题的先后次序与短文所述内容的次序是一致的,因而答题应按试题的次序逐个去做。答题原则应是先易后难,留下难题个别对待。
4.复读核查
试答完各题之后,再读一遍短文,瞻前顾后地逐一核对答案。在这一步,应充分利用和注意各题间的相互关联或对应,要着力抓住其中统带整篇的关键题目。关键题目正确与否会引起连锁反应。因此,切莫忽视这一点。
阅读理解的解题技巧
1.审视标题,抓住中心
试题中有的文章有标题,有的没有,拟题人是有所考虑的,画龙点睛,龙就活了。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象,想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解,能提高做题的效率。
2.浏览全文,掌握全貌
如果时间紧,至少要快速通读全文,尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来,这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。
3.细读题目,抓住要点
细读文后的题目的目的在于审视这些题目是针对什么提出的。若文章短可先读短文,后看文后题目;若文章长,为了能迅速抓住要点,可以颠倒过来,先浏览题目,然后再读文章,这样就可以带着问题去读文章,能加深对要点的理解。
4.细读文章,掌握细节
这次应细品,不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些标记,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即五个W:who, what, when, where, why)划出来。 经过这样的处理,你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹,对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更加深入的了解。
5.理解大意,初选答案
一般短文都设有五个题目,对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目,应再查阅原文,但决不是简单重读,应找出依据,把所选答案代入文中,再确定正误。在选择答案时,对文章和选择题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思,切忌望文生义,作出错误的判断。
6.复读全文,核对答案
要用全文的主题思想统率各思考题,研究其内在的联系和逻辑关系,并依次审核那些未获解答的题,对照题目,推测判断,确保理解无误。
7.瞻前顾后,首尾突破
对一具体问题不要局限于一词一事,而应从短文整体考虑,从主线向外扩展,打开思路,前后上下对照。这样,可减少“钻牛角尖”和“繁琐分析”。而且,在中考试题中,即使是事实和细节题,也是“围绕或用以说明主旨和大意”的。大多数短文,尤其是新闻报道或议论文的第一段,或每段的第一句,常包含了全文的主要信息或基本观点;而结尾部分常是结局或结论。寓言或幽默文字的结尾也往往是点晴之笔或值得玩味之处。因此,抓住首尾往往抓住了主要矛盾,主要矛盾解决了,次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。
做阅读理解题时应注意的问题
1.忌不带问题。做阅读理解题时,应先把文章后面所给的考查题浏览一遍,然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案,从而提高阅读效果。
2.忌草率行事。在设计理解题时,设计者往往在四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的答案。这样答案干扰性特别强,容易迷惑考生。如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案,往往会掉进设计者设置的“陷阱”里。处理的方法是:对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较,在理解阅读材料内容的基础上进行去伪存真,方可选出正确答案。
3.忌主观印象。少数阅读不明确题只需根据生活常识就可选出答案,而绝大多数则不然,考生必须按照原文来选定答案。因此,考生在做后一种测试题时,一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰,按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。
4.忌囫囵定案。所谓囫囵定案是指考生在未完全读懂文章时就匆忙定案,结果往往选错答案。因此,尚未读懂的地方如果时间允许的话,一定要慢速多读几遍,直到读懂时再定答案。
5.忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时,一定要从整体上控制时间,时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边,等把全部题做完后,再回头来处理。因为做完题后,你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了,你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚,因为你仍然有选对的可能性。总而言之,阅读理解靠的是扎实的语言基础。俗话说:冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功,打下扎实的英语知识基础,又掌握了较科学的解题方法做“阅读理解”题是不会太难的。我们学习英语不只是和别人交流,更重要的是,要通过阅读报刊书籍,研读名著,了解风土人情,生活习惯,科学技术的发展与进步等等。读文章必须理解,怎样才能验证初学者是否掌握了所阅读的文章呢?一般有回答根据短文内容所提的问题,有给出题干,留一个空,再给几个答案,让答题的人根据短文内容来确定正确的答案;也有在题干上留一个空,由答题人直接填写所缺的单词(有些难度比较大的题,则将要填写的词的首字母给出)。无论是哪一种题型,要想解这一类题,必须建立在理解文章内容的基础上,否则就是一句空话。 《阅读理解的考查范围及解题技巧》由留学liuxue86.com我整理
7. 中考英语阅读理解的答题技巧
中考英语阅读理解的答题技巧
阅读在英语考试中占很大的比重,无论你爱或不爱,它都在那里。下面是我为大家整理的中考英语阅读理解的答题技巧,欢迎参考~
一、解题思路
(一)先读问题,弄清考查要点,以便能带着问题看文章,这样会心中有数,有的放矢。
(二)快速浏览全文,掌握全貌,注意发现与问题有关的信息,如果时间紧,至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想,这样全文大意便清楚了。此时,不要忙于答题。
(三)细读原文,捕捉相关信息词,掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键,应特别注意以下几点:
1. 抓住四个"W"和一个"H",就是边读边用铅笔做些标记,把What (事件),When(时间),Where(地点),Why(原因),How(经过)划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的问题便可解决。
2.抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果,让步,递进,转折,指代,列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次,辨明各种关系,了解人物心理,推断作者意图,进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点,都具有举足轻重的作用。14年中考英语阅读理解解题技巧
3. 注意领会文章的寓意。
4.根据题意,初选答案。这一步须仔细审题,领会测试要求,确定解题方法。对那些明显的.,有把握的题可以断然确定,不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间:有些略难的题,应再查阅短文(不是重读一遍),迅速找出依据,予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种:
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文,认真分析,综合推理及至计算,最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时,属于推断概括型,考查内容着眼于全篇,考生应具备一定的分析归纳,推理等逻辑思维能力。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词,近义词,反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 转换解题法。即原文这么说,而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法,但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言,句法结构,信息词和常识,在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
四、重读原文,仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后,如果时间允许,再将原文读一遍;用全文的主题思想统率各思考题,研究其内在联系和逻辑关系,目的在于对所做答案进一步审查,推出未解答的题,以便减少失误。
二、题型分类
初中英语阅读理解往往有以下三大题型,抓住它的解法和思路,就可以顺利做好这些题目:
(一)选择符合文章的选项
(二)判断正误
(三)根据文章内容回答问题,现今该题型归纳在任务型阅读中,此处不做详解。
;8. 初三英语阅读理解原文及答案
初三英语阅读理解原文及答案
学生在初三年级将面临初级中学升学考试,即中考。为了帮助大家备考中考英语,我整理了一些初三英语阅读理解,希望能对大家有所帮助!
初三英语阅读理解【1】
There are over 800 boarding (寄宿) schools in the UK with students from home and foreign countries. Boarding schools started hundreds of years ago in the country. But the earliest boarding schools were set up for white, rich boys only. Now both boys and girls can go to boarding schools from the age of 7 to 18.
What to do
In the UK, boarding schools have three terms in a school year, with about 13 weeks in each term. Students study and live together. They can’t go outside if they are not allowed to. In some schools, each student has his or her subject plan. Besides the usual classrooms and laboratories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, boats, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres. Most boarding schools have a “light out” time. So when it’s time to go to bed, all the lights in the bedrooms are turned off. There are house-masters to take care of students all the time, especially after school hours.
What to wear
Nearly all students at boarding schools wear a school uniform. Boys usually wear a shirt and a tie, and girls wear a white blouse, sometimes also a tie and a skirt. As students get older, the rules become less strict.
_______________
In the UK, boarding schools provide students with delicious food. They can choose to have a full English breakfast or simply bread. They can also choose between a meal with no meat and another meal at lunch and dinner. And there is always self-service for salad (沙拉), other side dishes and a dessert. Students can also make themselves something to eat at any time in a kitchen, or drink tea or have a snack between meals.
1. Which of the following is TRUE according to (根据) the passage?
A. Only white children were allowed to attend the earliest boarding schools.
B. Students in a boarding school are looked after only after school hours.
C. As students get older, the rules about wearing school uniforms become stricter.
D. Students can have different activities in a boarding school.
2. Which is the best title for the last paragraph?
A. What to eat B. When to eat
C. Where to eat D. How to eat
3. The underlined word ‘facilities’ means _____________.
A. 教师 B. 设施 C. 活动 D. 课程
参考答案:1.D 2.A 3.B
初三英语阅读理解【2】
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin (顽童) was walking around the shining car. “Is this your car, Paul?” he asked.
Paul answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it cost you nothing? Boy, I wish…” He hesitated (犹豫).
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
“I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?”
“Oh yes, I’d love that.”
After a short ride, the boy turned around with his eyes shining, said, “Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?”
Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked.
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled (残疾的) brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
“There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent. And some day I’m going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I’ve been trying to tell you about.”
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed elder brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
1. The street urchin was very surprised when ________.
A. Paul told him about the car
B. he was walking around the car
C. he saw the shining car
2. From the story we can see the urchin ________.
A. wished to give his brother a car
B. wanted Paul’s brother to give him a car
C. wished he could have a brother like Paul’s
3. The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________.
A. to show his neighbors the big car
B. to show he had a rich friend
C. to tell his brother about his wish
4. We can infer(推断) from the story that ________.
A. Paul couldn’t understand the urchin
B. the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C. the urchin wished to have a rich brother
5. The best name of the name story is _________.
A. A Christmas Present
B. A Street Urchin
C. A Brother Like That
参考答案:1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C
初三英语阅读理解【3】
When I was a foreign teacher in China, every day I taught English to my students and they taught me about China. One day the topic turned to saying “I love you”. I was shocked to learn that not one of my students had said this to their mothers, nor had their mothers said it to them. “Does your mom love you?” “Of course,”they answered.
“How do you know ?”was my logical question. They responded that their mons cooked and always told them what they were doing wrong to show their caring. I was stunned .So mon’s cooking and criticzing read out as “I love you ”. “Then how do you say ‘I love you ’to her?” They agreed that getting good grades, followed by god jobs would be how they showed their love.
I come from a culture where most people are expressive enough, so I repeated these queries in classes over time. Graally, I began to get different response. Some of them had exchanged those sentiments with their moms.
One of my favorite stories of change came from a girl. When she came home from university, her mother met her at the door and hugged(拥抱)her. This had never happened before, but her mom said, “Now that you have gone I have more time to myself. I noticed that in some places mothers and children hug each other and I decided it was a good idea and that I would begin hugging you.”
In my family we all say “I love you” a lot .While it is true that we often say the words without having great depth of feelings at that moment, it is almost like a blessing we give each other. Those three little words carry a world of meaning ,even when said as a greeting, but most especially if they are the last words we say to or hear from those we love.
1.The foreign teacher_______.
A. comes from America
B. is a young woman
C. is expressive enough
D. knows much about China
2.Chinese people prefer to show love by________.
A. saying “I love you”
B. cooking
C. getting good grades
D. doing something helpful;
3.In paragraph 4,what’s the real meaning of the mom’s hugging?
A. She is meeting her daughter at the door.
B. She loves her daughter and misses her.
C. She is glad that she has more time to herself
D. he finds it interesting to hug her daughter.
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Say “I love you”more to your family.
B. Say “I love you”a lot to Chinese people .
C. Say “I love you”as a greeting to others.
D. Say “I love you”without great depth of feelings.
参考答案:1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A
;9. 中考英语阅读理解五类易犯错误全攻略
阅读理解题是中考英语的测试重点,也是中考英语试题中卷面分值的一种题型。它主要考查同学们通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力。可以说,没有足够的语言基础知识和一定的阅读技巧是很难做好这类题的。那么,做阅读理解题时,同学们常犯什么错误呢?这些错误应该怎样避免?下面碧备就以中考试题为例,把同学们在做阅读理解过程中易犯错误进行归类分析,以便帮助同学们及时把这些错误一网打尽!
1信息错位,表里不一
易错点扫描
1. 阅读文章时信息错位。
2. 把题目考查的内容与文章的信息对应时出错,也就是关键句的确认失误。
范例剖析
【例题】 (2007年福建福州)Beijing-Shanghai Railway was completed in 1968. ……
Since opening, it has been one of the busiest routes in our country. The Beijing-Shanghai Route is now served by 10 trains a day, five of which are non-stop. The journey time is just under 12 hours. Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours.
文中的第三题:When the Beijing-Shang train runs at 250 kph, the passengers speed _______ on the train.
A. ten hours B. twelve hours
C. one day D. two days
【典型错误】 此题有的同学很悔帆毁容易误选B。这是由于没有细心阅读文章第二段造成的。
【错因分析】 这道题属于直观性问题。出题者直接引用原文中的语句或根据原句稍加改动而编成。选B的同学只看到了 “The journey time is just under 12 hours”,其实这是就北京-上海铁路线上的总体情况而言的,在下句说得很明白:“Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours”,也就是说全程也就只需要10小时了。
【正确答案】 A。
【归纳拓展】这篇文章是有关火车大提速的新闻,与时事、新闻有关,所以在学习之余,同学们要多关注时事,经常浏览报纸、杂志和电视等媒体上的新闻,将对我们的学习产生很大帮助。
2无据推理,张冠李戴
易错点扫描
1.做题时,所做的推理在文章中找不到相应的依据。
2.在文章中找相应的依据时出现张冠李戴的情况。
范例剖析
【例题】 (2007年安徽)“Sorry! Maybe I was too hard on you just now.” said the man, “Here’s $10.”
“Oh, thank you, Daddy!”轿仔 he said happily. Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.
“Why do you want more money since you already have some?” the father shouted angrily.“Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do.” the little boy replied, “Daddy, I have $20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.”
文章第一题:From the passage, we can infer(推断)that the boy’s father ______.
A. often played with his son
B. spent little time with his son
C. didn’t love his son at all
D. often came back home early
【典型错误】 此题同学们易误选C,因为通过上面的he got angry again,the father shouted angrily等处可以看到这个父亲对孩子很严厉,因此就误认为父亲不爱儿子。
【错因分析】 出现错误的原因是同学们没能理解文章的主旨,仅仅根据父亲对于儿子生气的描写就错误地作出推断,认为父亲不爱儿子。
【正确答案】 B。根据文章最后一句可知,父亲是回家晚,呆在家的时间短,所以选择B项。
3仅凭印象,胡乱猜词
易错点扫描
1. 对于生词,抛弃上下文,仅仅根据自己的印象来猜测词义。
2. 没能掌握关键性词语的意思,在判断生词意思的时候出错。
范例剖析
【例题】 (2007年安徽)“Daddy, could you lend me $10?”
The father was furious, “If you asked for the money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to your room and think about why you are being so selfish(自私的)!”……
Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.
文章第二题:In this passage, the underlined word “furious” means ______.
A. very angry B. quite happy
C. too excited D. a little nervous
【典型错误】 有些同学根据furious后father的话进行判断,可能得出的结论是 a little nervous或者too excited等,因而错选C、D项。
【错因分析】 造成这种错误的原因是同学们遇到生词后,不能从上下文来正确判断,而且没有掌握关键性词语的含义(如he got angry again)。
【正确答案】 B。根据下文叙述的he got angry again可知,之前这个男孩的父亲是已经生过气了,再结合上下文,就可以确定答案为B。
【归纳拓展】 对于词汇题目,一定要根据上下文去确定词义,切忌望文生义。在出现这种题目时,其下文往往有相应的解释:有的以破折号引出,有的以in other words等短语引出,有的以该词的反义形式进行说明,但无论哪种形式,在原文中都会有相应提示,解题时要多注意总结归纳。
4无视主题,以点带面
易错点扫描
1. 阅读时,没能掌握文章的主题或忽视了主题。
2. 做题时,只知其一,不知其二。
范例剖析
【例题】 (2007年重庆)Jack Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited(继承) a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasn’t happy at all. …… He gave ﹩10,000 of his money to a charity(慈善机构) to help poor children live a better life. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small car only, but he is very happy.……
文章最后一题:What’s the main idea of the story?
A. Help others, and you will feel happy.
B. It’s necessary to write letters to poor children.
C. Live a simple life, and you can give others help.
D. It’s the most important to help the children in Africa.
【典型错误】 B、C、D
【错因分析】 阅读时不能紧紧抓住文章主题,或者没有把握住作者写作此文的真正意图,只记住了一些零星事实而偏离了主旨轨道。本题的B、C、D都涉及了穷苦的孩子或者帮助别人的话题,但是都是片面理解文章之意。
【正确答案】 A。
【归纳拓展】对这类文章主题思想归纳题,同学们应注意揣摩作者的写作意图以及文章的主旨,切忌片面、狭隘引申或简单重述文中某些内容,从而避免其他干扰项的影响。
阅读理解易错点拨
1.如何获取段落的主旨和大意
获取段落主旨和大意,最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点:
(1)表述的意思比较概括,相对其他主句来看,这种概括性更为明显。
(2)句子结构比较简单,多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。
(3)段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释支撑主题句所表述的主题思想。
2. 如何根据上下文猜测词义
猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读试题中有不少这样的题目。猜测词义时,我们可以从三个方面来考虑:(1)根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑性推理;(2)运用语法知识进行语法分析;(3)依靠常识和经验做出判断。
根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种:
①根据定义或解释猜测词义。如:A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases. One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…Now when someone lets out a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag”.
短文后面有这样一个阅读理解题:John “lets the cat out of the bag”means he _______.
A. makes everyone know a secret.
B. makes a woman buy a cat.
C. buys a cat in the bag.
D. sells the cat in the bag.
在这篇文章里,“lets the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语,但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”,根据这一解释,我们就可以判断出正确答案应为A。
②根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。
例如:In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool.
文后有这样一道阅读理解题:The word “fall” in this passage means ______.
A. drop B. down
C. autumn D. spring
尽管fall一词,课本里没有出现过,但根据文中的并列关系,文中出现了夏季、冬季和春季,我们就可以猜出fall 就是autumn.
除了前面提到的方法外,还可以根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。(卫鸣)