英语经贸阅读考试
① bec商务英语阅读分为几个部分
1、第一部分
4个短文与提示的7个选项匹配。只要找到匹配词就可以了,关键就是上面提到的表示同一意思的两组不同单词。
2、第二部分
7个选项的句子,按给出的已经挖空6个的文章上对应填上,其中一个已经给出答案以供参考。逻辑非常强,所以特别要注意一些代词,分别指代什么。
3、第三部分
跟平时做英语四六级差不多,一题通常只对应一段,所以可以先看第一题目和第一段,完了再看第二题目和第二段。
4、第四部分
是完形填空15题,要多记词汇和固定搭配。
5、第五部分
12题,选出错的单词,考的同样是语法,也是词组搭配跟连词。可以归纳总结高频词是哪些。
② 2002年上半年广东省高等教育自学考试经贸英语阅读答案
Text 4
The development of modem nationalism ring the 16th century shifted attention to the problem of increasing the wealth and power of the various nation-states. The economic policy of the leaders of that time, known as mercantilism, sought to encourage national self-sufficiency. The heyday of the mercantilist school in England and Western Europe occurred ring the 16th through the early 18th centuries.
Mercantilists valued gold and silver as an index of national power. Without the gold and silver mines in the New World from which Spain drew its riches, a nation could accumulate these precious metals only by selling more merchandise to foreigners than it bought from them. This favorable balance of trade necessarily compelled foreigners to cover their deficits by shipping gold and silver.
Mercantilists took for granted that their own country was either at war with its neighbors, recovering from a recent conflict, or getting ready to plunge into a new war. With gold and silver, a ruler could hire mercenaries to fight, a practice followed by King George III of the United Kingdom of Great Britain when he used Hessian troops ring the American Revolution. As needed, the monarch could also buy weapons, uniforms, and food to supply the soldiers and sailors.
Mercantilist preoccupation with precious metals also inspired several domestic policies. It was vital for a nation to keep wages low and the population large and growing. A large, ill-paid population proced more goods to be sold at low prices to foreigners. Ordinary men and women were encouraged to work hard and avoid such extravagances as tea, gin, ribbons, ruffles, and silks. It also followed that the earlier that children began to work, the better it was for their country's prosperity. One mercantilist writer had a plan for children of the poor: "When these children are four years old, they shall be sent to the county workhouse and there taught to read two hours a day and be kept fully employed the rest of the time in any of the manufactures of the house which best suits their age, strength, and capacity."
As a coherent economic theory, classical economics starts with Smith, continues with the British economists Thomas Robert Malthus and David Ricardo, and culminates in the synthesis of John Stuart Mill, who as a young man was a follower of Ricardo. Although differences of opinion were numerous among the classical economists in the three-quarters of a century between Smith's Wealth of Nations and Mill's Principles of Political Economy (1848), members of the group agreed on major principles. All believed in private property, free markets, and, in Mill's words, that "only through the principle of competition has political economy any pretension to the character of a science." They shared Smith's strong suspicion of government and his ardent confidence in the power of self-interest represented by his famous "invisible hand," which reconciled public benefit with indivial pursuit of private gain. From Ricardo, classicists derived the notion of diminishing returns, which held that as more labor and capital were applied to land, yields after "a certain and not very advanced stage in the progress of agriculture steadily diminished."
Through Smith's emphasis on consumption, rather than on proction, the scope of economics was considerably broadened. Smith was optimistic about the .chances of improving general standards of life. He called attention to the importance of permitting indivials to follow their self-interest as a means of promoting national prosperity.
Malthus, on the other hand, in his enormously influential book An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), imparted a tone of gloom to classical economics, arguing that hopes for prosperity were fated to founder on the rock of excessive population growth. Food, he believed, would increase in arithmetic ratio (2-4-6-8-10 and so on), but population tended to double in each generation (2-4-8-16-32 and so on) unless that doubling was checked either by nature or human prudence. According to Malthus, nature's check was "positive": "The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to proce subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the human race." The shapes it took included war, epidemics, pestilence and plague, human vices, and famine, all combining to level the world's population with the world's food supply.
The only escape from population pressure and the horrors of the positive check was in voluntary limitation of population, not by contraception, rejected on religious grounds by Malthus, but by late marriage and, consequently, smaller families. These pessimistic doctrines of classical economists earned for economics the epithet of the "dismal science."
Mill's Principles of Political Economy was the leading text on the subject until the end of the 19th century. Although Mill accepted the major theories of his classical predecessors, he held out more hope than did Ricardo and Malthus that the working class could be ecated into rational limitation of their own numbers. Mill was also a reformer who was quite willing to tax inheritances heavily and even to allow government a larger role in protecting children and workers. He was far more critical than other classical economists of business behavior and favored worker ownership of factories. Mill thus represents a bridge between classical laissez-faire economics and an emerging welfare state.
36. The heyday of the mercantilist school in England and Western Europe occurred _____.
a) in the 16th century
b) in the 17th century
c) in the 18th century
d) ring the 16th through the early 18th centuries
37. Which of the following statements is not true? ___
a) Mercantilists valued gold and silver as an index of national power.
b) Mercantilists emphasized the importance of agriculture.
c) Mercantilists took for granted that their own country was either at war with its neighbors, recovering from a recent conflict, or getting ready to plunge into a new war.
d) Mercantilism also inspired several domestic policies.
38. As a coherent economic theory, classical economics starts with _________.
a) Smith who wrote the Wealth of Nations.
b) Mill who wrote the Principles of Political Economy.
c) Ricardo who wrote the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
d) Malthus who wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population
39.Which of the following statements is false? ______.
a) All the classicists believed in private property, free markets and competition.
b) All the classicists believed in the interference of government.
c) All the classicists shared Smith's strong suspicion of government.
d) All the classicists agreed with Smith's famous "invisible hand," which reconciled public benefit with indivial pursuit of private gain.
40. Who represents a bridge between classical laissez-faire economics and an emerging welfare state? ______.
a) Adam Smith
b) John Mill
c) David Ricardo
d) Thomas Robert Malthus
③ 商务英语自考(专科)考哪几科
类型序号 课程代号 课程名称 学分 类型 考试方式
001 0002 邓小平理论概论 3 必考 笔试
002 0001 马克思主义哲学原理 3 必考笔试
003 0003 法律基础与思想道德修养 2 必考笔试
004 0011 大学语文(本科) 6 必考笔试
005 0794 综合英语(一) 10 必考笔试
006 0795 综合英语(二) 10 必考笔试
007 0522 英语国家概况 4 必考笔试
008 0831 英语语法 4 必考笔试
009 0595 英语阅读(一) 6 必考笔试
010 0596 英语阅读(二) 6 必考笔试
011 0597 英语写作基础 4 必考笔试
012 0593 听力 8 必考实践考核
013 0594 口语 8 必考实践考核
101 8005 经贸英语阅读 4 选考 笔试
102 8006 经贸英语写作 4 选考 笔试
103 8007 经贸英语听说 4 选考 笔试
231 0040 法学概论 6 加考 笔试
232 0212 宪法学(一) 4 加考 笔试
毕业要求:不少于13门且不低于74学分。
课程设置:必考课13门74学分;选考课3门12学分;加考课2门10学分。
说明:1、港澳考生不考001、002、003,但须加考231、232。 2、报考商务英语方向的考生须加考101至103三门课程。 3、原英语专业(专科,代码002)调整为英语(基础科段)专业,原外贸英语专业(专科,代码042)调整为英语(商务英语方向,基础科段)专业。
④ 经贸英语阅读中学到了什么
经贸英语阅读开考于1996年,其后在每年的上半年举行,是高等教育自学考试商务英语专业(专科段)的基础课程,旨在帮助自学者扩大经贸知识面,增加词汇量,提高阅读、翻译等能力。不少自学者感觉这门课程难度较大,故而信心不足。本文拟分析产生这一情况的原因,进而指出自学者应制定计划并注意处理好经贸英语与一般英语、词汇等新知识的获得与保持,平时学习与针对性练习等几个方面的关系。 知己知彼,周密计划 我们中国人都很熟悉“知己知彼”的意义所在。实际上,无论我们做什么,要想无往不胜,取得成功,都应能做到既知己也知彼。经贸英语阅读这门课是本专业的“高年级”课程,之所以这样说,是因为,自学者理应在修完精读(一)、泛读(一)、甚至精读(二)等英语课程以及在学习了国际贸易、国际金融等经贸课程的基础上,再进入本课程的学习。实际情况是,许多刚报名参加本专业学习的自学者便报考这一门课,特别是在1996年。当时“商务英语”专业可说是名副其实的新设专业(1995年下半年增设),有多门课程尚未开考。也许是因为没有更多的选择,又想能早一天开始,早一天如愿,约有四百多人参加了考试,而报了名最后怯考者则大有人在。很显然,大家对“商务英语”专业不太了解,对经贸英语阅读这门课的基本要求还不甚清楚。在这种情况下报名应考,无疑是犯了兵家大忌。一方面,大家的热情值得鼓励,下定决心便付诸于行动。但另一方面,当我们根据自己的兴趣、工作的需要等而自学某一专业时,必须循序渐进,毕竟这不是可以一蹴而就的事。“商务英语”专业的自学在这方面也毫无例外。而且,如果我们因为不了解,结果受挫,进而打退堂鼓,那么就更值得我们去反思这其中的原因了。 要避免不合理性的选择,很重要的是我们能够了解“商务英语”专业课程设置(“知彼”),并结合自己的现实水平(“知己”)制订一个计划,这一计划必须是一个称得上是SMART的计划(S-Specific,M-Measurable,A-Ambitious,R_Realistic,T-Time-based)。接下来便是严格执行计划。当然根据日后进展对我们先前所制定的计划作些适当的调整也是我们应有的态度。如果没有这样的计划,不按照本专业设置的有关要求,总是“跟着感觉走”,则必然无异于播种不分时节,而没有什么收获。因此,了解专业设置要求,制定切实可行的计划,对于我们能顺利地自学本专业是极为重要,而我们谁也不能忽视的。 对于经贸英语阅读而言,我们也同样需要制定一份周密的计划。遗憾的是,有些自学者对此不重视,结果才学了一、两课便三天打鱼、两天晒网,甚至最终放弃努力。我们要“知己知彼”,了解这门课在读、译、词汇等方面的要求(请参阅“考试大纲”),问问自己在语言、经贸知识方面是否有了一定的基础,只有这样我们才能咬定青山不放松,最终学有所成。 有了计划,能否实现,关键在于我们在执行计划过程中,能否处理好以下几个方面的关系。 经贸英语与一般英语的关系 经贸英语是专门用途英语(English for Special Purpose)大家族的一员,它与一般英语(General English)既相联系,又相区别,两者的关系可比作“毛”与“皮”的关系。我们中国有这样一句成语,对它们的关系作出了概括,即“皮之不存,毛将焉附。”这对我们自学者有较大的启迪。我们认真学习精读一、泛读一、精读二(这几门课与自考“英语专业”的要求和测试相同),便是为进一步学习经贸英语打好一般英语的基础。毕竟经贸英语与一般英语在基本词汇和基本句型的使用上有相同的“共性”,如果忽视了两者之间的这一联系,基础没打好就急于开始经贸英语的学习,单单在语言方面的困难就足以令我们因为举步维艰而蒙生退意了。 但是经贸英语作为在外经贸活动中所使用的英语,在词汇、句式、行文结构这三个层次上都表现出有别于一般英语的个性,譬如,我们要读懂西方报刊国际经贸文章,就必须掌握一定的有关经济贸易的专业英语词汇,如涉及到有关描述经济贸易发展情况、趋势、国际贸易收支、贸易摩擦、跨国公司、商品市场等方面的一些专业英语词汇。现举一些例子加以说明。 描写经济贸易上升趋势的词和短语: an increase / to increase a rise / to rise an upward movement / to go up a jump / to jump a peak / to reach a peak/to peak a recovery / to recover a growth / to grow a leap / to leap a surge / to surge 描写经济贸易下降趋势的常用词和短语: a decrease/to decrease a fall/to fall a drop/to drop a downward movement/to go down a low point/to reach a low point a fall off/to fall off a slump/to slump a decline/to decline a collapse/to collapse a cut/to cut a leveling off/to level off 对未来的经济贸易发展趋势作预测时常用以下几个动词: forecast,expect,project,anticipate,hope 在描写经济贸易发展变化的程度时,经常需要用百分比来作对比,从而需用有关动词及与其配套的前置词: to fall to run at a rate of 5%to increase to slow down from 10%to 5%to grow to increase from a 4.8%average to cut to a 6.5%average 英语经贸文章的句式及句子之间的连接也有其特点,如在对经贸发展趋势进行比较时经常借助于多种语法手段,从而有机地把枯燥的数字和信息揉合在一起。例如: The U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics on Omaha's prosperity:At 2.3%in December ,Omaha had the second-lowest unemployment rate of the nation's 50 biggest cities.Only Honolulu was lower at 2.1%,Among tates,Nebraska's 2% jobless rate was the USA's lowest-well below the national rate. 为使句子之间的意思更好地连贯起来,常常使用连接词,介词和副词,如表明对比和情况变化关系的词有but,however,whereas,either…or和neither…nor等;表示情况内在联系的连接词和短语介词有and,as well as和in the case of等。 就文体而言,英语经贸文章大体可分为四类:一般经济贸易消息报告;经济贸易情况简报;经济、贸易和商品市场调研报告;经济贸易评论。每一体裁又有不同的结构,如经济贸易评论文章主要由以下几个部分组成:简单叙述被评论观点或事情的背景;提出自己的观点和看法;阐述评论观点或事情的意义。经济、贸易和商品市场调研报告一般包括:对前一阶段情况作简单回顾;由统计材料或典型事例阐述对目前情况的看法;对下一阶段的形势发展提出预测;最后有时还提出应采取的对策或建议。 另外,英语经贸文章的选材(请参阅必读书目的“导言”)的专业性要求我们必须具备一定的专业知识。如果我们对各主题所涉及的知识比较缺乏,必然会觉得文章难读难懂,因此,我们也必须想方设法克服背景知识方面的障碍,如能在进入本门课程学习前,先期学习国际贸易、国际金融等课程,则对于这门课的学习也是大有裨益的。 词汇等新知识的获得与保持 我们在自学《经贸英语阅读》这门课程时遇到的另一个较大的障碍是词汇障碍。这是任何一个想提高阅读能力的人都会面临的挑战,那么如何克服这一障碍呢? 很多自学者在阅读时对于生词往往采取了不能“容忍”的态度,但他们不是试图根据上、下文或词的构成去猜测词义,而是遇到生词就自觉不自觉地查字典。即使有时猜出了词义,还觉得不放心,查到查了字典后才感觉踏实。这样功夫花了不少,但收获却不大。看来,我们需要变革我们处理生词的方法。对于所读篇目中的生词该不该查呢?答案是肯定的,因为单就考试中的词汇题一项来说,我们必须能够认识教材中出现的常用词汇及一些专业词汇。但更重要的问题在于我们应该何时查、查什么以及是否一查就万事大吉了呢? “阅读时…即使遇到生词也应继续往下读…”。(《美国留学指南》)一遇到生词就停下来去查字典是不足取的,虽然不放过任何一个生词的精神值得称道,但更理想的是我们应试着“硬”着头皮先将整篇文章读下来,至少是将整个段落读完,然后再回头去处理所遇到的生词。作为语言三大要素之一的词汇,我们应该了解它的拼写、读音、词性和释义,然后根据所读文章的上下文,找出这个词在文章中的含义,并判断自己所作猜测的对、错。 不少自学者查了很多生词,但真正掌握的却为数不多,考试时依然还很陌生,主要原因在于很多人是浅尝辄止,满足于一查了事。实际上,我们要掌握一个词,必须多创造或利用机会来用它,如果忽视了这一极为重要的环节,那么必然难免花了大量时间却没有意料中的收获。另外,我们还应了解一些记忆的规律或者说了解我们为什么容易遗忘。 记忆分为长期记忆和短期记忆。长期记忆中的语言知识和非语言知识,对理解和产生语言都是至关重要的。(刘润清、马丁·韦德尔,1995) 那么如何能将包括词汇在内的语言知识以及经贸知识等非语言知识保存在长期记忆中呢?心理学研究表明,产生遗忘的原因主要有两个:一是暂时神经联系痕迹得不到强化而不能巩固和长期留存,以至逐渐消退,最后消失,产生遗忘;二是暂时神经联系痕迹受到其他刺激的干扰而抑制,产生遗忘。因此,我们可以有针对性地采用防止遗忘的两种有效方法。一是进行有效复习,使暂时神经联系痕迹获得不断强化而巩固,例如,及时复习、经常复习、注意分散复习、复习与试图回忆相结合,多种感官作用和合理分配每次复习的重复次数等。二是排除其他刺激干扰,例如,采用早晚复习等。(章兼中,1988:PP195-207) 大家可分析一下自己目前所采用的方法,相当一部分人可能是先从第一课开始,一直到学完所有篇目,再进行第二轮复习。这样复习的效果难免不尽人意,因为在进行新一轮复习时还常常是懵懵懂懂,似熟还生,可见遗忘率极高。我们也难以指望如此记忆中的信息对考试和以后实际工作中的阅读有多大的帮助。所以,我们在了解记忆的有关规律后,要遵循这些规律,进行有效复习,做到温故而知新。 平时学习与针对性练习 对于参加自考“商务英语”专业的自学者来说,我想应该有两个目的:一是扩大自己的知识面,提高在外经贸活动中使用英语的能力。另一个目的便是能顺利通过本专业各门课程的考试,拿到高等教育自学考试文凭。通过以考促学,实现目的。而要能实现这两个目的,我们必须处理好平时学习与针对性练习两者之间的关系。正如任何其它考试一样,平时扎扎实实地学习是考试成功的基础,但要能在考试中发挥出自己的水平,我们还要关注平时学习与考试的区别。就经贸英语阅读而言,我们学习必读书目中的指定篇目时,没有时间限制,而考试时则不然,我们应在规定的时间内既快又准地完成。因此,我们对考试的要求与题型应了然于胸,并据此进行针对性练习。通过练习,我们才能在考试时得心应手地运用平时所积累的知识。否则会出现学得还不错,考试时却不知所措,满腹的知识就觉得都用不上。当然,我们应注意只做练习而不学课本的倾向。实际上,本课程的考试大纲中写得很清楚,术语翻译、词语及难句解释、完形填空、词汇题等均以必读书目为主要依据。因此我们应能注重平时学习与针对性练习的有机结合。 如果我们意识到平时学习与针对性练习相结合的意义,那么有些自学者可能要说,必读书目中的练习较少,而且与考试题型不完全一致。其实在这方面大家可更多地发挥主观能动性而有所作为的。如阅读理解,一方面我们可充分利用必读书目中的练习,演练快读、查读、细读等阅读方法;另一方面我们还可借助于“他山之石”,做做同类练习,掌握各项必要的阅读技能,即如何抓主题思想,如何找主要事实或特定细节,如何进行判断和推理,如何确定作者的观点和态度等。比较我们所参加过的以及将要参加的英语考试中的阅读理解,虽然篇目长短不一,文体有叙有议,难度有深有浅,但阅读理解题的类型无外乎事实型问题、主旨型问题和推理型问题等。对于翻译题来说也是如此。大家应注意理解和表达,相关的技巧同样适用,只不过本门课考试中的翻译涉及一定的专门知识,有一些专业术语和经贸文章特有的表达方式罢了,而这些则要靠平时积累。 为给大家提供练习的机会,兹将1998年上半年本门课考试中的主观题部分附在文后,大家可以一试身手。 世上无难事,只要肯登攀。虽然我们在学习这门课时,可能遇到一些困难,希望大家能认真进行分析,找出症结所在,并设法加以克服,同时遵循学习规律,持之以恒,则一定能够到达胜利的彼岸。