自考英语英语阅读一

㈠ 自考综合英语一和英语阅读一那个更难

综合英语一比较难。
综合英语是英语里面的分支，大学英语专业里的综合英语是跟中文的语文课一样，学习分析比较出名的作者的文章。本人英语专业，觉得综英是最难的一科。
英语则是比较笼统的，包含所有学习英语的内容。大学里面非英专业的英语课统称英语。

㈡ 高自考 英语阅读一 SPEED READING的翻译

首先你应该把文章写在BAIDU
不然大家不知道要翻译什么
是不是这个？Speed Reading
Our reading speed changes as we go through life. Sometimes, we have to read faster e to more time constraints and a much greater amount to read. Speed reading is just a magical way to get through piles of material in one night! By helping you to read and understand text more quickly, it is an essential skill in any environment where you have to master large volumes of information quickly, as is the norm in fast-moving professional environments.

You may think that you read the way young children read - either character-by-character (or letter-by-letter), or at best word-by-word. You may also notice that you do not always proceed from one block of words to the next: sometimes you may move back to a preceding block of words if you are unsure about something. These disruptions to the forward flow of reading are called "skip-backs".

A skilled reader will read many words in each fixation, will only fixate for a very short period of time, and will move on with very few skip-backs. This minimizes the amount of work that the reader's eyes have to do, increases the volume of information that can be examined in a period of time, and maximizes understanding of the material.

A poor reader will become bogged down, spending a lot of time reading small fixations. He or she will skip back often, losing the flow and structure of the text and hence overall understanding of the subject. The increased amount of irregular eye movement will make the reading tiring. A poor reader may therefore find the text significantly less satisfying, and may find it harder to concentrate and understand the text than a good reader.

It is safe to say that almost anyone can double his speed of reading while maintaining equal or even higher comprehension. In other words, anyone can improve the speed with which he gets what he wants from his reading. Speed reading can make reading a much more enjoyable experience, by recing eye strain, increasing understanding of the flow of a document, and by recing the time needed to assimilate it. This will help a reader to hold attention on a long document, extracting information from it that would otherwise be neglected.

You will get the greatest timesavings from speed reading by learning to skim excessively detailed documents. The most important trick about speed reading is to know what information you want from a document before you start reading it: if you only want an outline of the issue that the document discusses, then you can skim the document very quickly and extract only the essential facts. If you need to understand the real detail of the document, then you need to read it slowly enough to fully understand it.

However, speed reading will not help you if you have problems in comprehension and vocabulary. In fact, it may hurt you to try to rush through stuff that you cannot comprehend. You should have the basics down already first. For example, speed reading material in English might not be the best thing if you are still a learner. But there are some things you can do to help you read more quickly and more efficiently - concentrating while you read; thinking about meaning; reading words in groups; trying not to read aloud in your mind; and recapping instead of re-reading.

It should be noted that not all the texts could be skimmed over and read quickly. Some just have to be read slowly, so you need to recognize which is which. Poetry, for example, should never be read in a hurry and neither should complicated study texts. If you try and "speed read" such things, you could miss out some important points.

我给你提供这个，如果是，就有很多人给你翻译
一定要给文章

㈢ 自考英语阅读一的考试类型有哪些

作为自学考试英语专业中一门综合能力的考试，《英语阅读一》一直以来都是广大考生最关注的科目之一，因为“英语阅读一”听上去仅仅是阅读理解的考查，其实由书本知识与课外知识两部分构成，从词、句、文、译各个角度对考生进行了全面的测试。因此，不是临时抱佛脚就能通过这门考试，而是需要正确的学习方法，明确的解题思路，才能取得明显收效。

梳理课本知识

书本知识涉及句子填空(Discourse Cloze)、选词填空(Gap Filling)、词性转换(Word Formation)和文章翻译(Translation)四大题型，句子填空题型主要考查文章的整体脉络，选词填空则是从句子的逻辑角度进行考查，词性转换要求考生掌握词在句中充当不同成分时的形式转换，而翻译要求考生对句子的意思有准确的把握。出题者这种多角度设计考题，也就决定了在学习《英语阅读一》过程中，应该从多角度出发，运用故事卡片法、观点罗列法、翻译实践法和习题辅助法相结合，紧扣知识点，突破难点。

故事卡片法

《英语阅读一》课本有16篇文章(共28篇)是故事性质的记叙文，而任何一篇记叙文都有一个共同的特点——故事情节的起因、发展、高潮与结局。人的大脑中左脑主要用于逻辑思维，右脑主要用于形象思维，而实践证明，一般人的右脑要发达于左脑，直观形象的材料较之抽象的材料易于记忆，所以考生可以将教材中文字材料转换成简单清晰的故事发展框架，这样不仅有助于文章整体逻辑的记忆，还可以将词汇融入框架中进行场景记忆。

例如，第六课《自投罗网》(The Wrong House)是一篇关于两个抢劫犯的故事，考生可以通过故事框架，记忆文章的来龙去脉，同时将在重要生词掌握下来。

1. Hogan和Burns在东海岸实施了一次重大(magnificent)抢劫(robbery)。

2. 在追捕(chase)过程中，警察击中(puncture)了他们驾驶的车的油箱，因此不得不弃车(abandon)而逃。

3. 他们来到一间房子，踮着脚尖(tiptoe)，轻轻溜进(slip)屋子，发现家里人出去度假了。

4.他们把钱箱藏在地下室(basement)没有用水泥(cement)封好的角落里后，来到街上准备购置一辆车。

5. 九点钟，二手车市场开门，他们买了辆噪音低、、速度快不起眼(inconspicuous)的小车，还上了临时牌照(temporary plates)。

6. 当他们准备回去取回钱箱时，发现那家主人度假回来了，于是他们查(consult)了电话簿(directory)，准备假扮警察破案。

7. 房子主人矮小，非常不起眼(insignificant)，但是很愿意配合办案，他陪同(accompany)Hogan来到地下室(cellar)取出钱箱。

8. 正当他们准备离开时，三个人(trio)走进屋子，穿着制服，原来屋子的主人就是警察局长(chief)。

观点罗列法

议论文通常是对提出观点，然后具体的论证，所以文章脉络比较清晰，因而对于教材中的议论文，考生可以将观点列出，同时将关键句及相关词汇进行归类。这样一来，考生可以系统地掌握作者的脉络，也熟悉了观点中所涉及的词汇。

例如，第三课《抚养孩子》(Bringing Up Children)我们就可以做这样的掌握过程——

第一部分、孩子培养至关重要

In a society such as ours， both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child， so that upbringing and ecation are interdependent.

核心词汇：determine / personality / responsible / interdependent

第二部分、孩子培养的影响因素

1.The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture.

2.Early upbringing in the home naturally affected by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents‘ capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and ecation but also on the innate abilities of the child.

核心词汇：vary / uniform / naturally / capability / innate / intelligence / temperament

第三部分、孩子培养的方法

方法一：参考书籍或交流经验

核心词汇：reliably / unique / defect / backwardness / necessity / secure / emotional

方法二：处理好自由和纪律的关系(文章重点)

核心词汇：freedom / discipline / tactile / discovery / satisfactory / sufficiently / capture / underlie / psychological / nursery / interval / rhythm / accustom / conform / acquisition / anxiety

方法三：父母和孩子一起学习

核心词汇：fruitful / punctuality / impose/ happiness

方法四：父母要言行一致

核心词汇：consistency / morality / confuse / deceive/ ethics

习题辅助法

自考和其他考试有着本质的差异，课本是考试的核心，有些考生习惯于将教材与习题或试卷分离，要么只看教材，要么只一味做题，其实这两种方法都不可取。相反，每看完一课或一章，考生需结合教材的习题进行练习，以加深对教材的熟悉和对学习效果的检验。在反复的练习中，自然地掌握了知识。

翻译实践法

由于教材中有大量的生词，很多考生会将重心偏向词汇，而忽略对文章的理解，而考试中又有对文章脉络，段落用词的考查。因此，考生不应只顾及单词，与其准备一个个孤立的单词，不如直接将文章作翻译工作，这样既解决了词的理解，也可以很好的应付句子填空和选词填空，因为翻译文章的同时一定需要掌握文章的逻辑理解。

备战课外知识

课外知识的考查主要就是仔细理解(Reading Comprehension)、快速阅读(Skimming and Scanning)以及简短回答(Questions)，占了整个考试的60%，所以重视阅读训练和对技巧的掌握，对广大考生提高英语能力，提高分数至关重要。

掌握基本的阅读技巧

阅读理解解题技巧有很多，但要注意这些技巧、思路都是建立在考生阅读理解能力提高的基础之上。没有好的阅读基础，解题技巧就是“空中楼阁”。下面简单地谈一下快速阅读和仔细阅读的阅读方法。

(1)快速阅读的解题

1、理解标题，推测大意：如果文章提供标题，这无疑提前透露出该篇文章的主要信息，即文章中心与主题，考生可以此为据推测文章的大意和脉络。

2、仔细审题，寻找关键词：考生要仔细阅读每道题干，确定题干关键词，以便原文定位。

3、跳读全文，圈定出题点：考生快速浏览文章，根据自己阅读经验，对一些敏感之处、重点出题点用笔划出。阅读中，考生不要特别拘泥于难句和生词的理解。

4、二审题目，比较选项：考生只阅读与题目有关系的段落和内容。在跳读中，考生挑选出与题目选项有关的一些关键词、主题句，作为自己判断的依据。考生可以运用排除法、推测法、归纳法等确定答案。

5、学会舍弃：少数无法定位或解答的题目可以暂时跳过，待一段时间再回过来补做，切不可花费太多时间。

(2)仔细阅读的解题

1、快速浏览题干，确定题型：通过题干先对问题做一些区分。一般来说，出题者在题目的设置方面，采用顺序出题，即题目在文中依次出现。

①词汇题。需要考生借住上下文语境，尝试理解文中出现的生词。文章中出现这个生词的位置，往往上下文中会出现的内容是对这个词的解释、说明、举例等。

②主旨题。全文主旨答案出现于文首文尾，段落主旨则可将该段的首、尾句加起来考虑。

③态度题。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用的口气，特别是文章结尾部分，一般转折后面的文段表明了作者的观点。

④细节题。这类题的特点是，以考查文章中某一个细节问题为入手点。它可能出现与原文中某一句话。

⑤推理题。既然这类题被命名为推理题，所以原文出现的句子就不是正确答案，而应该通过自己的理解去推理答案，要忠实原文内容去推理。

2、精读原文，划出关键词，找到出题原则，确定出题范围：在阅读的过程中不用过于注重词句的把握，遇到不认识的单词不必作太久的停留，以免影响阅读速度，圈定题干中出现的关键词，同时将文中的出题原则——转折、因果、举例、特殊标点(即冒号和破折号)——划出，这样就可以基本确定出题者所要考查的范围。

3、返回题目，寻找正确答案：近些年，《英语阅读一》的文章几乎不出现需要综合跨段的信息。因而，理解之后就可以立即返回题目，阅读选项进行选择。

英语阅读中阅读题量很大，因而做题速度和准确率在考试中尤为重要。阅读理解实际上是以单词为基本元素，扩展成句的集合。也就是说，攻克阅读的基础问题还是攻克词汇。词汇量达到，阅读有量的积累，阅读速度自然就能提高。其次，阅读方法也是关键问题。阅读过程中不能逐词理解，而应该采取提纲挈领的读法。从一句话中的重点词汇到转折词，到主语、谓语的提炼。读的文章多了，速读能力就自然达到了。总而言之，如果考生很好的了解《英语阅读一》的考试模式和规律，通过翻译牢固的掌握课本知识，同时平日里加强阅读理解的练习，达到一个量的积累，再结合一些阅读理解的方法和技巧，相信会让备考的同学在考试中获得理想的成绩。

㈣ 求自考英语阅读1 第4篇文章american social relations的翻译

American Social Relations
Gladys G.Doty Janet Ross

American society is much more informal than that of many other countries and, in some ways, is characterized by less social distinction. The American mixture of pride in achievement and sense of “’m just as good as anybody else.” along with lack of importance placed on personal dignity, is difficult for a foreigner to understand. Americans in general do not like to be considered inferior, and they grumble loudly about inconveniences or not getting a “fair deal.” Yet they do not make a point of their personal honor. As an illustration of the difference between Europen and American reflection in this respect, John Whyte in American Words and Ways gives the following account.
A…[European] professor [visiting in American] was once sent a bil for hospital services which he had never enjoyed. The bill was accompanied by a strong letter demanding payment. It was obvious that a mistake in names had been made, but the professor, thoroughly aroused by this reflection on his character and financial integrity, wrote a vigorous letter of reply ( which an American might also have done.) But in this letter of reply he demanded that the creditor write him a formal letter of apology… for this reflection on his honor. Since no publicity could possibly have been given to the mistake, for mistake it was, most Americans in that sitution, after getting the matter off their chest ( or without doing that ) would have let the matter rest.
An example of the same thing may be that although Americans like to talk about their accomplishments, it is their custom to show certain modesty in reply to compliments. When someone praises an American upon his achievement or upon his personal appearance, which, incidentally, is a very polite thing to do in America, the American turns it aside. If someone should say, “Congratulations upon being elected president of the club,” an American is expected to reply, “Well, I hope I can do a good job,” or something of the sort. Or if someone says, “That’s a pretty blue necktie you are wearing,” an American is likely to say, “I’m glad you like it,” or “Thank you. My wife gave it to me for my birthday.” The response to a compliment seldom conveys the idea, “I, too, think I’m pretty good.”
Likewise, there are fewer social conventions that show social differences in America. Students do not rise when a teacher enters the room. One does not always address a person by his title, such as “Professor” or “Doctor” (“Doctor” is always used, however, for a doctor fo medicine). The respectful “sir” is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country.
Clothing in America, as in every place in the world, to a certain degree reflects a person’s social position and income, or, at least among the young, his attitudes toward society or toward himself. Yet no person is restricted to a certain uniform or manner of dress because of his occupations or class in society. A bank president may wear overalls to paint his house and is not ashamed of either the job or the clothing, and a common laborer may wear a rented tuxedo at his daughter’s wedding.
Yet in spite of all the informality, America is not completely without customs that show consciousness of social distinction. For example, one is likely to use somewhat more formal language when talking to superiors. While the informal “Hello” is an acceptable greeting from employee to employer, the employee is more apt to say, “Hello, Mr. Ferguson,” whereas the emplyer may reply, “Hello, Jim.” Southerners make a point of saying “Yes,sir,” or “Yes,ma’am,” or “No,sir,” or “No, ma’am,” when talking to an older person or a person in position of authority. Although this is a good form all over the United States, “Yes, Mr. Weston.” or “No, Mrs. Baker” is somewhat more common in a similar situation in the North or West.
Certain other forms of politeness are observed on social occasions. Though people wear hats less now than in the past, women still occasionally wear hats in church and at public social functions ( except those that are in the evening ).
In American there are still customs by which a man may show respect for a woman. He opens the door for her and lets her precede him through it. He walks on the side of the walk nearest the street. He takes her arm when crossing a street or descending a stairway. A younger person also shows respect for an older one in much the same fashion, by helping the older person in things requiring physical exertion or involving possible accident.
American surface informality often confuses the foreigner because he interprets it to mean no formality at all. He does not understand the point at which informality stops. A teacher, though friendly, pleasant, and informal in class, expects students to study hard, and he grades each student’s work critically and carefully. He also expects to be treated with respect. Although students are free to ask questions about statements made by the teacher, and may say that they disagree with what he says, they are not expected to contradict him. Similarly, in boy-girl relationships a foreign student should not mistake the easy relationship and flattery that are part of the dating pattern in the United States, nor presume that it means more than it does.
Also, because an American is perhaps more likely to admit and laugh at his own mistakes than one who stands more on his dignity, a foreigner sometimes does not know how to handle the American’s apparent modesty. The American is quite ready to admit certain weaknesses, such as “I never was good at mathematics.” “I’m a rotten tennis player.” or “I’m the world’s worst bridge player.” However, the stranger must not be too quick to agree with him. American think it is all right, even sporting, to admit a defect in themselves, but they feel that it is almost an insult to have someone else agree. A part of American idea of good aportmanship is the point of being generous to a loser. This attitude is carried over into matters that have nothing to do with competition. If a man talks about his weak points, the listener says something in the way of encouragement,or point to other qualities in which the speaker excels. An American student reports that when he was in a foreign country he was completely stunned when he said to a native, “I don’t speak your language very well.” and the native replied, “I should say you don’t.” In a similar situation an American would have commented, “Well, you have only been here two months.” or “But you’re making progress.”
Although Americans are quite informal, it is best for a foreigner, in case of doubt, to be too formal rather than not formal enough. Consideration for others is the basis of all courtesy.

美国的社会比其他国家的社会更加非正式，在某些方面，美国社会的特征就是较少的社会差别。美国式的混合物－个人的成就感、不比别人差的优越感以及对个人尊严缺乏重要性，这些对一个外国人来说是很难理解的。通常来讲美国人不喜欢被别人看成低人一等的，他们也会为自己遭受的不便而抱怨，还会为自己没有得到公平的待遇而抱怨。然而，他们也不是很重视自己的荣誉。在这一方面，为了更好展示欧洲人和美国人的不同反映，John Whyte 在《美国语言和方式》这本书里给了我们如下的描述。

有位欧洲的教授曾在美国访问，他有次收到一份在医院接受治疗的账单，实际上他并没有接受过任何治疗。随附账单还有一封措施很强烈的信件。很明显这是因为把姓名弄错了，但是这位教授由于对信中对自己人格以及金钱方面的廉洁而提出的质疑感到不舒服，他也写了一份措辞很激烈的回信。（美国人也会这样去做）。但是在这份回信中，这位欧洲教授要求他的债权人写一份正式的道歉信，就因为对他人格的指责。由于这样的错误并没有被公众知悉，即使这样的错误已经发生了，但大多数美国人在这种形势下，只是将其宣泄一番，甚至有的人根本就不用宣泄，就让这件事情过去了。

同样的事情我再给你举一个例子，尽管美国人比较喜欢讨论自己的成就，但是他们有个习俗，那就是如果你得到某种赞美时，你的回答要展示某种谦虚。当有人在赞美一个美国人诸如他的成就或外貌的时候，这些话题在美国被认为是很有礼貌的事情，他也不会太在意。如果有人对一个美国人说：“祝贺你当选俱乐部主席”，他会回答“我希望把工作做好”或者诸如词类的话语。当有人说：“你打的领结很漂亮”，而美国人会说“我很高兴你喜欢它”或者“谢谢你，这是我妻子送给我的生日礼物”。所有对这种赞美的回答从来都不会传达这样的含义即“我也认为我挺不错的” 同样的，在美国也很少有那种社会习俗来表现这种社会差异。当老师进教室的时候，学生是不起立的。也不经常在一个人的名字前面加一些头衔，比如教授或博士。（DOCTOR 如果从医药学方面来称呼也是可以的）。表示尊敬含义的SIR在美国北部和西部也是很少使用的。

在美国正如在世界上其他地方一样，从某种意义上，人的穿着会反映其社会地位和收入，或者至少在年轻人当中可以反映这个社会或者自己的态度。但是由于自已的职业或社会地位，没有任何一个只局限穿一种特定的制服或选择某种特定的穿衣方式。一个银行的行长在粉刷自己房子的时候会穿工装服，而且不会因这种工作和穿衣的方式而感到羞愧。而一个普通劳动者在自己女儿的婚礼上也会租穿一件无尾燕尾服。

尽管有诸如此类非正式的东西，但是美国也并不是完全没有习俗来展现这种社会差别意识。例如，但一个人跟他的上司说话的时候，他会用更加正式的语言。尽管非正式语言HELLO可以用于雇员和雇主之间，但对于一个雇员来说，他更倾向于使用HELLO,MR FERGUSON，而上司回答时可以直接回答HELLO JIM。当跟一个年长者或者权位更高的人说话时，美国南方人主张说YES SIR 或YES MA’AM 或NO, SIR或NO, MA’MA。尽管这样的称谓在全美国被认为是一种很好的称谓形式，但是在美国北部或西部，人们还更倾向于称YES,MR WESTON或NO,MRS BAKER。某种表示礼貌的形式可以在社交场合会看到的。尽管现在的人不像过去那么经常带帽子，但是女性在教堂或一些公众庆祝宴会时会带上帽子的（当然这些场合如果发生在晚上就不用了）

在美国仍然还有些习俗，男士们通过这些习惯来表现对女士的尊敬。他会给女士开门，而且让女士先进入。男士也会走在更靠近街道的人行道。当穿过一条阶段或下楼梯时，男士会扶着女士。一个年轻人同样也会表示对年长者的尊敬，他们通过帮助他们做一些费体力的活或一些引发事故的活。

美国人这种表面上的非正式性会让一个外国人迷惑，因为他认为美国人的这种非正式性意味着没有正式性而言。但是他并不知道美国人的这种非正式性会在哪里变成了正式性，比如一个老师在课堂上看起来友好、和善，在课堂上也表现的非正式，但老师要求学生努力学习，并且在批改作业时是很严格和仔细的。而且这位老师也同样希望学生能尊敬他。尽管学生对老师的陈述自由提出问题，而且也可以表达对老师观点的不同意，但是这些学生也不能驳斥老师的观点。同样，在男孩和女孩交往的过程中，一个外国学生也不要对美国人在约会里表现的亲近关系或奉承的话语而误会，不要认为他们还有更深层次的含义。同样，因为比那些经常想保持自己尊严的人来说，美国人非常有可能承认和嘲笑他自己的错误、缺点。但是有时外国人不知道怎么处理美国人这种表面的谦虚。美国人很容易承认自己的某些弱点，诸如“我的数学不好”，“我的网球打的很烂”或者说“我的桥牌打的也是出奇的差”，但是，这个时候对于一个陌生人不能随声附和。美国人认为，承认自己的一些弱点没有什么，即使是运动项目不行，但是如果别人对他们谦虚的话语表示同意，他们认为这是对他们若大的侮辱。美国竞技精神的一部分就是对失败者要赋予同情和慷慨。这种态度从体育竞技中被带入到跟体育竞技一点关系都没有的事情当中了。如果一个人谈及自己的弱点时，听者一般都会以鼓励来回应或指出失败者在其他领域是很擅长的。一个美国的学生讲到，有次他去国外时，当他对当地人说：“我说你们的语言说的不好”，而对方回应到“我也这么认为”，他被当地人的回答惊呆了。当然，在同样的情势下，一个美国人将会回应到“你来这里才刚两个月而已” 或者说“但是你取得进步了”。

尽管美国人好像十分不正式，但对于一个外国人，尤其在不知道情况下，你最好尽可能正式的对待。总是考虑别人是所以礼仪的基础。