考研英语阅读理解及答案详解
① 2015年考研英语二阅读理解答案及解析(海文版)
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21、【答案】[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
【解析】事实细节题。该题干问:之前的研究认为家是……。历型根据题干,该题答案定位在首段首句。首句大致意思为“一项新的研究表明,与绝大部分研究相反,实际上,人们在家里的压力要大于工作。”由此可知,以往的研究正好跟最新研究相反,即人们在家里的压力小于工作。纵观各选项,选项A意为:与工作场所相比,能提供更多的休闲;与文章表述一致,为正确答案。
22、【答案】[C ] childless husbands
【解析】事实细节题。文章第二段第三句和第四句提到“It is men not women, who report being happier at home than at work…, but more so for nonparents.”即“研究发现是男人,而不是女人,在家比在工作中更高兴。更令人吃惊的是,研究发现,这种情况对于有孩子和没有孩子都是这样,尤其是对于没有孩子的。”所以综合对比后,选择C。
23、【答案】[D] they are both bread winners and housewives
【解析】推理判断题。文章第三段中提到“For many men, the end of the workday is …, with the blurring of role……”. 意思是“对于男人来说,一天的工作结束后,是他们休息的时候,但是对于女人来说,离开办公室之后,还有很多的家务活”。由此可以推出,“The blurring of working women’s roles” 指的是“既要在职场打拼也要做很多家务的女性”。所以综合判定后确定D为正确答案。
24、【胡辩答案】[C] earnings
【解析】词义句意题。文章第四段第一句提出“在工作中,大家都知道挣钱,他们做工作就是为了家庭收入”。紧接着第二句给出“这些雇员付出体力和脑力的劳动,就是为了得到能够维持他们生活的必须收入”。结合上下文,moola应该对应原文中的“income”,表示他们挣得的收入。故C正确。
25、【答案】[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
【解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“The home front”可以回文定位在原文最后一段。最后一段第一句指出“然而,人们对于大后方(家庭)就没有那么清楚了”,接下来的一句进一步指出“Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically…”(家务活的分工很少清清楚楚),A项中的“seldom”同意置换原文中的“Rare”, “clear-cut”同意置换原文的“clinically”,故A项正确。
Text 2
26、【答案】[D] missed its original purpose
【解析】根据题干关键词recruiting more first-generation students回文定位到第一段的第四句,然后一一比对选项,“rather than close an achievement gap based on social class”排除选项B,选项A和C是无关选项,由第四句话中This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students…与选项D “missed its original purpose”是同义替换,paradox的意思是“自相矛盾,似是而非的观点”,所以正确答案为D。
27、【答案】[C] the problem is solvable
【解析】根据题干信息“research article are optimistic because…裤烂缺…”可以回文定位到文章第二段第一句“But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem”。As引导的原因状语从句是题干答案,跟C选“the problem is solvable”重合,因此选C。
28、【答案】[C] are in need of financial support
【解析】根据题干信息most first-generation students...定位第三段最后一句中,“most of first-generation students were recipients of Pell Grants(佩尔奖学金),a federal grant for undergraates with financial need",可知答案为C,其中in need of和with...need对应,financial support 和financial相对应。
29、【答案】[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
【解析】根据题干关键词the author of the paper回文定位到文章第四段第一句“their thesis ...that face most college students”。这句话中明确说到第一代学生缺乏处理一些问题的实际经验,与选项D语义相符,其中are inexperienced与原文的lacking in practical knowledge对应,handling their issues与how to deal with the issues对应,at college与that face most college students对应。
30、【答案】[B] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
【解析】根据题干关键词infer from the last paragraph回文定位到文章最后一段,这是一个段落推理题,可以通过寻找段落中心的方式来解。最后一段第一句和第二句是并列关系,均提出第一代学生中存在的与社会阶层有关的问题。第三句以一个because所引导的原因状语从句点明中心,明确该问题的来源是美国高校未承认社会阶层对学生教育经历的影响,因此总结出来可知,选项B正确,说明出现了相应问题,高校应该担负一部分责任。
Text 3
31、【答案】[A]more emotional
【解析】细节题。题干中的office language对应文章中的lingua franca of corporate(公司通用语),题干中的has become对应文章中的has gotten,所以答案对应文章中的more emotional and much more right-brained。所以答案A more emotional。本题的易错答案是 more objective。文章中的objectives是名词“目标,话题”的意思。
32、【答案】[C] sports culture
【解析】细节题。本题的答案可以从第二段的第二句到第四句中得出。这几句话都是在举例子,作为论据出现来论证第一句话。第二句话中出现了sports,第三句话中出现了coach和team,第四句话中出现了coach和team,win,所有的这些词都与运动相关,所以答案选C sports culture。
33、【答案】[D] strengthen employee loyalty
【解析】细节题。本题题干中还出现了believe这一观点动词,根据题干中的importation of terminology可以定位到第三段的第二句话,但是这句话属于论据,其论点是第一句话。本句中出现are intended to表示目的,对应题干中的aims to,句子出现了increase allegiance to the firm,对应D strengthen employee loyalty,表示“加强员工的忠诚度”。
34、【答案】[A] voices for working women
【解析】推理题。根据题干中的Lean In可以定位到第四段的第二句话。这句话中出现了1990s和“mommy wars”也是明显的论据,所以推理的核心论点是前面的第一句话。第一句话中出现了work-life balance,第二句话中出现了mommy wars,结合二者可以推理出这句话谈论的是工作中对于女性的不公平。所以答案选voices for working women(为职业女性申辩)。
35、【答案】[D] regular people mock it but accept it
【解析】细节题。根据题干的关键词可以定位到最后一段的第一句话。要注意这句话的结构。本句是一个转折句,尽管大家取笑office speak,但是…。转折之后表示的是人们对它的认可,A Managers …avoid it态度与文章不符。B中的linguists 在文章中没有提到。C中的Companies find it to fundamental,属于推理过度,文章说的是depend on,依靠并不说明fundamental根本的。
Text 4
36、【答案】[B] the increase of part-time jobs
【解析】本题为细节题。根据关键词“job pictures, neglected”可以回文定位到第二段第一句话“the jobs picture ...was largely overlooked”,其中neglected是overlooked的同义替换。并且此句有明显的命题点“however”。第二句具体指出被忽略的部分是“there was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.”,即有大量的人自愿从事兼职工作。故正确答案为B。其中increase是原文jump的同义替换,voluntary part-time jobs是voluntarily working part-time的同义转述。
37、【答案】[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
【解析】根据题干中的关键词“many people work part-time”可以定位到第二段第五句话“many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs”。由此句可知,那些从事兼职工作的人实际想拥有全日制工作。接着第六句明确指出他们从事兼职工作的原因:they take part-time because this is all they can get。言外之意是说,人们目前只能得到兼职工作,而无法获得全职工作。故正确答案为C。
38、【答案】[B] shows a general tendency of decline
【解析】通过题干中的involuntary part-time employment可以将该题定位在文章第二段。该段倒数第二句表明“这种非自愿参加兼职工作在六月份是呈现增长的,但是总趋势是下降的”。故B选项(呈现出一种普遍下降的趋势)正确。
39、【答案】[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
【解析】通过题干中with Obamacare可以将该题定位在全文最后一句。该句表明,就业和保险之间不再有关联。而从上一句可以看出,之前很多人想要找一份提供保险的全职工作来养活自己和家人。可见,之前,就业就意味着能得到保险。而它们之间的关系不复存在,即雇佣不再是得到保险的前提条件。可见,B选项正确。
40、【答案】[A] employment in the US
【解析】该题考察的是文章主旨大意。文章首段指出目前的失业率呈现出下降的趋势,而接下来的第二段提出在这种失业率下降的好现象中,我们忽略了那些自愿(voluntary)参加兼职工作的人。第三段就自愿兼职工作者和非自愿兼职工作者的区别展开描述。最后两段表明,那些自愿参加兼职工作的人是因为有了一项名为Obamacare的政策,该政策旨在使那些没有全职工作的人也有可能获得保险,从而提升就业率。可见,全文都是围绕美国的就业形势展开讨论。故A选项正确。
Part B
41、【答案】[D] Most of your fears are unreal
【解析】本段中出现了多次词义复现,如Fear is not real以及fears are just the proct of our luxuriant imagination(恐惧只是丰富想象的产物)。Unfortunately转折后作者通过引用Will Smith的话以及自己的总结强调揭示了段落主题。
42、【答案】[E] Think about the present moment
【解析】该题所在段落平铺直叙,因此第一句话为段落中心句,其中关键信息是focus on the present moment,与选项E主题词复现。下文中又多次复现了主题词,如value the present moment,moment以及present。
43、【答案】[G] There are many things to be grateful for
【解析】该题的解题线索是主题词复现。段落中的appreciate,smile,value与grateful属于近义复现,cry和complain与grateful是反义复现。
44、【答案】[A] You are not alone
【解析】段落首句出现了表达强烈语气的情态动词should,因此主题句为首句,关键信息为you are not alone,与A选项匹配。
45、【答案】[C] Pave your own unique path
【解析】该段落主题句为“When you…you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best.”作者正面提出了自己的观点“相信自己以及自己的决定是的”。下文进一步阐释,其中own thoughts, own values 以及own choices构成了标题中的own unique path。
② 考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题
“I've never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “It's a stupid endeavor.” That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproctive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.
Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has proced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy's mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He's plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy?s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”
The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin's work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we?re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?” [397 words]
6. Mr. Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____ .
[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments
[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval
[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use
[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit
7. What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project?
[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it.
[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research.
[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information.
[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem.
8. Which of the following is true about animal cloning?
[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it
[B]Few people have realized its significance.
[C] An exact of a cat or bull can be made.
[D] It is becoming a prosperous instry.
9. From the passage we can infer that _____.
[A] Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon
[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning
[C] human reproctive system has not been understood
[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals
10. Mr. Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______.
[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success
[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
核心词汇
confines n. limits or borders范围,界限;边界 例:the confines of human knowledge 人类的知识范围 / the confines of family life 家庭生活的范围
超纲词汇
aborted a. *① 流产的 ② 出问题的,出故障的
canine a. 犬的,犬科的
cramped a. 狭窄的,拥挤的 例:working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作
embryo n. 胚胎
fetus n. 胎,胎儿
Missyplicity n.这是个临时造的词,是三个部分的合成:Missy指文中提到的那条狗密斯,
plicate意为“复制”,?ity为名词后缀
plop vi.&vt.(使)扑通一声落下 例:Can you plop some ice in my drink? 能在我的饮料中放点冰块吗? 文中是比喻用法,指“投入资金”
surrogate n.代理, 代理人,代用品 vt.使代理, 使代替;*surrogate mother 代理母体
veterinary a.兽医的 例:veterinary medicine/science兽医学
vexed a.*① 气恼的,烦恼的 例:the vexed parents of an unruly teenager因孩子难管教而气恼的父母 ②(问题等)争论不休的,难于解决的 例:vexed question/issue棘手的问题
viably ad. ① 可实施地,切实可行地 *② 能存活地,能生长发育地
长难句分析
1. That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy.
该句主干是That's an interesting choice of adjective。现在分词短语coming from... 做后置定语,修饰前面的名词choice,相当于一个定语从句(which is)coming from... ;在分词短语中,定语从句who... 也做后置定语,修饰先行词a man。
2. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.
该句主干是He knows that... 。that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句,且从句位于主句之前,主句是the offspring will face the problems... ;从句是让步状语从句:even if he gets a dog viably pregnant;should they survive是个省略了if的条件状语从句,为插入语,修饰主句。另外,主句的宾语the problems后接有过去分词短语shown... 做后置定语,相当于一个定义从句(that)are shown... ;冒号后的名词短语做the problems的同位语。
语篇分析
本文题材涉及生物技术。作者从克隆动物这个角度间接论证克隆人的不可行性,主张应该慎重对待克隆人研究。它是一篇观点论证型文章,按照“提出观点—论证观点—重申观点”的脉络展开论述,可分成三部分。
第一段为第一部分,提出观点:克隆人是不可行的。
引用专家Mark Westhusin和一位试图克隆其爱犬的富人的话(never met a human worth cloning,a stupid endeavor)表达作者的观点。接着介绍Mark Westhusin所进行的克隆动物的实验(two calves,a cat and a dog),并特别指出对狗的克隆最具难度(one of the mysteries of modern science)。
第二、三段为第二部分,论证观点。
第二段:指出Mark Westhusin克隆动物的经验使他极力反对克隆人(vexed by talking of human cloning)。首句是段落主题句。段中详细介绍了一个克隆狗的项目(the Missyplicity project)中出现的状况:①从成百上千的卵中只获得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎;②转移到母体时没有一个胚胎存活下来。从这些细节中可以推出,克隆是低效而且危险的。这在末句“Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous”得到了证实。该段最后还给出了Mark Westhusin的观点:动物实验中的浪费现象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此,该段将Mark Westhusin反对克隆人的态度表露无疑。
③ 2000passage3考研英语阅读真题及答案
2022扫描书籍PDF讲义
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④ 哪里2016考研英语二阅读理解答案解析
2016考研英语二阅读答案如下:
21、[B]remodel the way of thinking
根据题干Cortina定位在第二段。典型的欲扬先抑,首段说coding classs不重要arent essential, 第二段引出中心Cortina认为较早的接触电脑是有益的beneficial,紧接着具体说明好处在于,他们就学习了电脑知识就懂得如何去开发手机应用程序,创作艺术,或者验证假设。答案关键句在于第三句的比较:It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.对于他们来说与大孩子相比,改变思维并不难。综上所述,[B]remodel the way of thinking是对原文“transform their thought”的同义改写。对比处为命题点。
22、[D] interest
根据题干“in delivering lessons for high-schoolers”、“Flatiron ”,定位到第四段。其中deliver是gear的同义改写。Lesson是curriculum的同义改写。The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in”(高中生们上同样的课程,但是“我们力图以他们的兴趣来调整课程”),说明该校开设课程是主要考虑到“学生的兴趣”,故选[B] interest。
23、[A] help students learn other computer languages
根据Deborah Seehorn 定位到文章第五段最后一句But the skills they learn —..... — apply to any coding language,。他们所学的技能......可以应用到任何编码语言中去。选项[A]help首先体现了文章主体感情色彩beneficial,computer languages对应 coding language。
24、[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world
根据题干关键词“the last paragraph”回文定位在最后一段。最后一段第一句指出Flatiron的学生不会全都进入IT界。因此马上可以排除A. compete with a future army of programmers和B. stay longer in the information technology instry(都在谈IT行业)第三句进一步指出这些学生将会一生“被电脑包围”(对应the digitalized world),第四句继续表明态度,越早学习电脑思维方式越好(且又一次进行比较the earlier the better),[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world是对上述内容的概况总结。
25、[B] persuade
根据题干关键信息“coax”(Line 4, Para.6),定位到最后一段第四行how to coax the machine into procing what they want本文通篇态度明确,对电脑级相关知识都是强烈的正面态度,只有A选项(“劝说,劝诱”)带入后符合中心思想:其他选项;[B] frighten“吓唬,使惊吓”[C] misguide“误导”,都是明显负面感情色彩,故排除;[D] challenge“挑战”,即“挑战电脑去生产他们想要的”,与A比较后顺利排除。
⑤ 考研英语阅读理解汉语翻译
考研英语阅读理解汉语翻译
考研英语阅读不仅需要大量的词汇量,更需从答案着手,“慧眼识珠”,消除干扰答案,更加快速高效的做出选择。下面是我给大家准备的考研英语阅读理解真题及汉语翻译,欢迎大家阅读练习!
The marvelous telephone and television network that has now enmeshed the whole world, making all men neighbours, cannot be extended into space. It will never be possible to converse with anyone on another planet. Even with today's radio equipment, the messages will take minutes—sometimes hours—on their journey, because radio and light waves travel at the same limited speed of 186, 000 miles a second.
Twenty years from now you will be able to listen to a friend on Mars, but the words you hear will have left his mouth at least three minutes earlier, and your reply will take a corresponding time to reach him. In such circumstances, an exchange of verbal messages is possible—but not a conversation.
To a culture which has come to take instantaneous communication for granted, as part of the very structure of civilized life, this “time barrier” may have a profound psychological impact. It will be a perpetual reminder of universal laws and limitations against which not all our technology can ever prevail. For it seems as certain as anything can be that no signal—still less any material object—can ever travel faster than light.
The velocity of light is the ultimate speed limit, being part of the very structure of space and time. Within the narrow confines of the solar system, it will not handicap us too severely. At the worst, these will amount to twenty hours—the time it takes a radio signal to span the orbit of Pluto, the outer-most planet.
It is when we move out beyond the confines of the solar system that we come face to face with an altogether new order of cosmic reality. Even today, many otherwise ecated men—like those savages who can count to three but lump together all numbers beyond four—cannot grasp the profound distinction between solar and stellar space. The first is the space enclosing our neighbouring worlds, the planets; the second is that which embraces those distant suns, the stars, and it is literally millions of times greater. There is no such abrupt change of scale in the terrestrial affairs.
Many conservative scientists, appalled by these cosmic gulfs, have denied that they can ever be crossed. Some people never learn; those who sixty years ago scoffed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at the idea of travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always be beyond our reach. And again they are wrong, for they have failed to grasp the great lesson of our age—that if something is possible in theory, and no fundamental scientific laws oppose its realization, then sooner or later it will be achieved.
One day we shall discover a really efficient means of propelling our space vehicles. Every technical device is always developed to its limit and the ultimate speed for spaceships is the velocity of light. They will never reach that goal, but they will get very near it. And then the nearest star will be less than five years voyaging from the earth.[514 words]
11.For light to travel across the solar system, it will take_______.
[A] a year [B] nearly a day [C] two months [D] thirty minutes
12.The fact that it will never be possible to converse with someone on another planet shows that________
[A] radio messages do not travel fast enough
[B] no object can ever travel faster than light
[C] western culture has a special idea of communication
[D] certain universal laws cannot be prevailed against
13.Confronted with the new order of cosmic reality, many ecated men________.
[A] become ignorant savage again [B] find the “time barrier” unbearable
[C] will not combine solar and stellar space[D] cannot adapt to the abrupt change of scale
14.Conservative scientists who deny that cosmic gulfs can ever be crossed will________
[A] laugh at the very idea of flight [B] learn a lesson as they did ten years ago
[C] find space travel beyond their reach[D] oppose the fundamental scientific laws
15.The author of the passage intends to show__________.
[A] the limitations of our technology [B] the vastness of the cosmic reality
[C] the prospect of planetary travel [D] the psychological impact of time and space
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
核心词汇
enclose vt. *① [常用被动态] to surround sth., especially with a fence or wall, in order to make it separate(尤指用篱笆或围墙)围起来 例:A high wall enclosed the courtyard. 一堵高墙把院子围了起来。 ② 随信附上,随信装入 例:Please enclose a check with your order. 请您随定单附上支票。
en-?是构成动词的前缀,表示 ① “使处于某种状态,使有某种特征,使成为……”例:danger使陷入危险中,危害,危及,enlarge使变大,扩大,enslave使成为奴隶,奴役 ②“把……包住;包涵”例:encircle围绕,环绕,包围,encase把……放入箱(盒、袋等)内
lump n. ① a small piece of something solid, without a particular shape(不定形的)块例:There were lumps in the sauce. 酱汁中有块状的东西。②方糖 例:One lump or two? 要一块还是两块方糖?vt. to accept a situation or decision you do not like because you cannot change it 无奈地接受 例: I?m going to that party! Like it or lump it! 我打算去参加那个聚会!不管喜欢还是不喜欢!
[短语搭配] *lump sth. together 把……合在一起考虑;算在一起 例:Pacifists, atheists and journalists were all lumped together as “troublemakers”. 和平主义者、无神论者和记者都被归为“捣乱分子”。
超纲词汇
enmesh vt. *① 用网捕捉,使陷入网中;文中指“以电话和电视网络将整个世界联系起来” ② 使陷入,使卷入 例:be enmeshed in difficulties陷入困难中
stellar a.*① 恒星的,与星有关的 ② 极好的 例:the company?s stellar growth公司的良好发展
terrestrial a. ① 陆地的 *② 地球上的
长难句分析
1. The marvelous telephone and television network that has now enmeshed the whole world, makingall men neighbors, cannot be extended into space.
该句主干是一个被动句The marvelous telephone and television network... cannot be extended into space。其中that引导的定语从句做后置定语修饰network;分词短语making all men neighbors当结果状语,修饰整个定语从句。
2. To a culture which has come to take instantaneous communication for granted, as part of the very structure of civilized life, this “time barrier” may have a profound psychological impact.
该句主干是This “time barriers” may have a profound psychological impact。介词短语to a culture which... 充当状语成分,修饰句子主干,其中which引导的定语从句修饰a culture;介词短语as... 与前面的动词take构成“动词+复合宾语”的结构take sth. as sth.(把……看作……)。
3. Those who sixty years ago scoffed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at the idea of travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always be beyond our reach.
该句主干是Those... are now quite sure that... 。who引导的定语从句修饰主语those;连词and 连接的两个动词短语scoffed...和laughed... 是并列关系,一起充当定语从句的谓语。that引导的从句充当表语。
语篇分析
本文题材涉及星际通信。作者告诉读者虽然人类在宇宙中的交流受到速度的限制,但是跨越宇宙鸿沟的可能性是存在的。它是一篇现象解释型文章,按照“指出现象—解释现象—提出新观点”脉络展开论述,可分成三部分。
第一、二段为第一部分,指出现象:星际之间的通信受到速度的限制。
第一段:开篇指出,地球上的通信系统无法延伸到太空中,因此人类无法实现星际之间的对话。接着分析原因:无线电波和光波传播速度的限制(the same limited speed)使信息需要花很长时间才能到达(the messages will take minutes—sometimes hours—on their journey)。
第二段:以火星为例,具体说明星际之间无法实现通常意义上的“对话”(a conversation is impossible)。由此可以推知,未来星际之间的交流将采用延时通信(communication delay)的方式。
第三、四段,分析现象带来的影响。
第三段:指出“时间障碍”对人们造成的心理影响(a profound psychological impact),即人们意识到技术不能战胜宇宙的普遍规律和限制(universal laws and limitations against which not all our technology can ever prevail)。
第四段:指出速度限制在狭小的太阳系内(the narrow confines of the solar system)不会给人们带来不便(will not handicap us too severely),并且以冥王星为例说明速度的限制在太阳系内最多造成20个小时的延迟。
第五至七段:作者就星际之间的通信问题提出新的观点。
第五段:提出观点一,即,人们应该认识到太阳系之外的宇宙更浩瀚,天体规模的变化更突然(greater, abrupt change of scale)。该段批评了一些人对宇宙的无知(like savages,cannot grasp the profound distinction),并且对太阳系和恒星系两个概念给予了界定。
第六段:批评那些否认跨越宇宙鸿沟的可能性(appalled by these cosmic gulfs, denied that they can ever be crossed)的保守的科学家。从理论上进行论证:人类的发展证明,只要是理论上证明可能的事情,人类迟早能够实现(If something is possible in theory, then sooner or later it will be achieved)。
第七段:提出观点二,即,技术的发展将使跨越宇宙鸿沟变为可能。该段指出未来的航天器驱动方式(a really efficient means of propelling our space vehicles)将会接近速度的极限。全文最后以展望星际旅行的前景结束。
文章总体特点:全文内容分为两大部分,前面部分围绕“宇宙速度限制”展开,后面部分围绕“跨越宇宙鸿沟的可能性”展开。前面部分是铺垫,后面部分才是作者观点的论述,即全文的重心。
试题命制分析
通过对文章的整体分析,我们可以从以下几个方面命题,考查考生的阅读理解能力。
1. 事实细节题
(1) 文中出现多处数字,包括:无线电波或者光波的传播速度都是每秒186, 000英里;无线电信号达到冥王星的时间是20小时;未来乘坐航天器达到最近的恒星需要大约5年的时间。针对这些细节可以命制数字细节题,参见试题11。
(2) 第一段含有两个层次的因果关系:人类无法实现星际之间的对话是因为信号传送时间长;信号传送时间长是因为无线电波或者光波传播速度的限制。这里可以命制因果细节题,参见试题12。
(3) 结合第三段和第四段考查“速度限制或时间障碍”造成的影响。如:[A] 人类不再盲目崇拜技术;[B] 给人类生活带来诸多不便;[C] 星际之间无法进行交流;[D] 诱发人类一些心理疾病。(答案:[A])
2. 推理引申题
(1) 针对第二段关于与火星上的人交流的描述考查未来星际之间的交流方式。
(2) 针对第四段末句考查太阳系内通信延迟的时间最长可以达多久。
3. 人物观点、态度题
第五段和第六段提到了两类保守的人,根据文中的描述,可以命制人物观点题,参见试题13和14。也可以考查他们看待时间障碍问题的态度,如:[A] 肯定的;[B] 否定的;[C] 中立的;[D] 含糊不清的.。(答案:[A])
4. 作者观点、态度题
(1) 考查作者对文中提到的两类人的态度,如:[A] 褒扬;[B] 批判;[C] 同情;[D] 厌恶。(答案:[B])
(2) 根据第五段至第七段,考查作者观点,如:[A] 人类在浩瀚的宇宙中十分渺小;[B] 人们应该了解太阳系之外的宇宙;[C] 技术的力量是无穷无尽的;[D] 宇宙速度的限制迟早会被突破。(答案:[B])
5. 词义句意题
(1) 考查第五段lump together的含义。
(2) 根据上文推测第六段末句If something is possible in theory... then sooner or later it will be achieved的含义,如:[A] 未来的人类终将跨越宇宙鸿沟;[B] 任何设想都不要违背自然规律;[C] 保守的人永远不能正确预见未来;[D] 理论与实际的距离只是时间问题。(答案:[A])
试题精解
11.光穿过太阳系需要多长时间?
[A] 一年。 [B] 将近一天。 [C] 两个月。 [D] 30分钟。
[精解] 答案B本题考查考生的数字推理能力。原文中没有直接的回答,但是第一段末句指出:“无线电和光的传播速度相同。”第四段最后一句又指出,无线电传到太阳系中最远的冥王星,要20小时。所以[B]项正确。
12.人无法和另外一个星球的人进行对话这一事实表明_____。
[A] 无线电的传播速度不够快 [B] 没有物体能比光的速度快
[C] 西方文化有特别的交流观念[D] 某些普遍规律不能被战胜
[精解] 答案A本题考查事实细节。第一段后两句指出,“永远不可能和另一个星球人进行对话。即使有今天的无线电设备,信息传播也需要好几分钟,甚至好几个小时,因为无线电和光波都是以有限速度传播。”第二段中举了一个和火星人交流的例子,得出的结论是:“交换语言信息是可能的,但是不可能对话。”[A]项指的是传播速度的限制,为正确项。[B]是第三段末句的改写,是事实,但它与无法实现星际对话没有必然的联系。[C]项在第三段提到,但“认为即刻交流是理所当然的文化”是人思维局限的表现,而“人无法和另外一个星球的人进行对话”是自然规律事实,后者不能表明前者。该段也提到,“时间的局限性”(即无法和外星人进行对话)提醒我们不是所有的技术都能战胜普遍规律和限制,因此这里说明的是“技术的局限性”,而不是[D]项中的“规律的不可战胜性”。
13.面对宇宙现实的新秩序,许多受过教育的人士________。
[A] 又变成无知的野人 [B] 发现“时间局限性”不可容忍
[C] 将不会把太阳系和恒星系结合起来[D] 不能适应这种突然的大规模的变化
[精解] 答案D本题考查事实细节。文章第五段第二句提到,“许多在别的方面受过教育的人,像只能数到三的野人,无法明白太阳系和恒星系的巨大不同。……(后者比前者)确实大几百万倍,地球上的事物在规模上没有这样巨大的变化。”可见,他们无法适应如此巨大的规模变化,选择[D]。[A]项拘泥于字面含义,没有理解文中举出“野人”只是为了说明那些受过教育的人在变化面前的无知,而不是真的变成了野人。[B]项文中未提,[C]项中“结合”应换成“区分”,才符合文意。
14.否认人们可能跨越巨大宇宙鸿沟的那些保守科学家将会_______。
[A] 嘲笑飞行的想法 [B] 像10年前一样吸取教训
[C] 发现太空旅行非他们所能及[D] 反对基本的科学规律
[精解] 答案C本题考查事实细节。倒数第二段谈到这些保守科学家时,作者指出:“一些人从来不吸取教训;他们60年前怀疑飞行的可能性,10年前耻笑飞往其他行星的想法,现在又满有把握地说恒星是我们永远不能及的。”据此,最为相近的答案应该是[C]。
15.从课文中,我们可以推出作者的意图是要说明_______。
[A] 我们技术的局限性 [B] 宇宙现实的广阔性
[C] 星际旅行的前景 [D] 时间和空间对心理上的影响
[精解] 答案C本题考查写作目的。综观全文,作者从无线电和光速谈起,批评了很多持保守态度的人,进而论证人类终将跨越宇宙鸿沟。文章最后描述未来星际旅行标志了人类跨越宇宙鸿沟的实现。可见,[C]是作者要说明的问题。
全文翻译
神奇的电话和电视网络将整个世界连结在一起,使所有的人都成了邻居,但是却不能延伸到宇宙中。你永远不可能和另一个星球上的人进行对话。即使有今天的无线电设备,信息传播也需要好几分钟,有时候甚至好几个小时,因为无线电和光波都是以每秒186, 000英里的有限速度传播。
20年后你能够听来自火星上的朋友说话,但是话从他口中说出至少要经过三分钟你才可以听到,你的回答也将经过相同的时间才能到达他耳中。在这样的状况下,交换语言信息是可能的,但是不可能对话。
对于一个认为即刻交流理所当然,并将其视为文明生活完整结构的一部分的文化来说,这种“时间障碍”可能会有深刻的心理影响。时间障碍(即无法和外星人进行对话)永远提醒我们不是所有的技术都能战胜普遍规律和限制。看起来非常确定的事情是:没有信号,更不用说物质,可以比光传播的速度快。
作为时空结构的一部分,光速是终极速度极限。在太阳系狭小的范围内,它不会给我们带来太严重的不便。最糟糕的情况也就是20小时,即无线电信号越过最远的冥王星的轨迹的时间。
正是当我们走到太阳系的界限之外的时候,我们开始面对着一个全新的宇宙秩序。即使在今天,许多在别的方面受过教育的人,像只能数到三而把三以上的数字都统称为四的野人,他们无法明白太阳系和恒星系的巨大不同。前者是围绕我们邻近的世界即行星的宇宙,后者是围绕那些遥远的恒星的宇宙。(后者比前者)确实大几百万倍,地球上的事物在规模上没有这样巨大的变化。
许多保守的科学家惊讶于这些宇宙鸿沟之大,因此否认跨越它们的可能性。有些人永远也不会进步:他们60年前怀疑飞行的可能性,10年前耻笑飞往其他行星的想法,现在又满有把握地说恒星是我们永远不能及的。他们再一次地错了,因为他们没有领悟我们这一时代的教训——如果某些东西从理论上说是可能的,并且没有一些基本的科学法则反对它的实现的话,它早晚都会实现。
有一天,我们会发现一种真正有效的航天器驱动方式。每一个技术发明都会发展到极限,而宇宙飞船的最终速度是光速。它们永远不会达到这个速度,但是它们将会与这个速度非常接近。那时,离地球最近的恒星用不了5年就可以到达。
;⑥ 考研英语是先写作文好还是先写阅读理解好
阅读理解,从中可以找到写作
⑦ 2014考研英语二阅读text3真题及答案
完____8
善____4,仔细来
教____0
师____5
资自____2,拔了毛的鸽子
格____7
达____6
案____8,飞不了。
叩____4
每过一天,我就在日历上打个圈。到星期天的时候,才发现日子被我过成了省略号。
⑧ 2021考研英语阅读细节题实例及考试技巧
【导读】考研英语阅读在总分占比达到40分,是考研总分的将近二分之一,目前,已经进入了2021年考研英语冲刺阶段,也就是复习的收尾阶段,也是最为关键的阶段,现阶段需要大家回归复习的本源,进行考前模拟练习,其中就包括考研英语阅读细节题,需要大家把必要的解题技巧应用起来,今天给大家带来的是2021考研英语阅读细节题实例及考试技巧,一起来学习一下吧。
考研英语阅读理解细节题:
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and
nutrients- notably, protein- to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th
century, under -nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. At the start
of 20 th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But
as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average ,
increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known
as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, average height-5’9’’ for men, 5’4’’ for women-hasn’t really
changed since 1960.
32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the
text?
A. Genetic modification
B. Natural environment
C. Living standards
D. Daily exercise
考研英语阅读理解细节题解析:
1、题干关键词准确定位:在细节题中挑选关键词的时候先选名词,同学们分析题目会发现出现的名词有key
role和growth,回读文章,发现有growth的原词复现,而且growth所在句中有demand要求正好同义替换文章中的play a key
role,且根据growth定位到唯一的句子,因此该句话就是我们的定位句。
2、分析定位句:定位句是个长难句,看到长难句同学们要先划分主干,重点分析主干部分,Growth demands calories and
nutrients to feed expanding tissues.核心词是calories and
nutrients.相信这两个词汇大家都不陌生,“燃烧我的卡路里”中的卡路里对应到我们英文中就是calories,nutrients是营养,考纲词汇也都背过,这就是定位句的核心。
3、对应选项。我们上一步分析了定位句的核心词是calories and nutrients,那我们分析四个选项那个可以概括这两个东西。A项,Genetic
modification先天改正,选项意思是先天改正对于我们的成长有着关键的作用,我们分析的卡路里和营养都是我们后天获得的东西并不涉及到先天,因此A选项显然是不对的。B项,Natural
environment自然环境,很显然卡路里和营养都不是自然环境的一部分,也排除B项;C项Living
standards生活水平,卡路里和营养物质的摄入都能够体现我们的生活水平,这个不难理解,随着咱们国家经济的发展,人们的生活水平得到了极大的提升,体现在我们的饮食方面那就是人们更加关注食品的卡路里,关注食品的营养价值,因此该选项是能够涵盖我们的关键词的,该项正确;D项,日常锻炼,我们一说到锻炼,大概想到的就是做一些运动,比如慢跑瑜伽,因此并不能跟我们的卡路里、营养等扯上关系,因此该项也不正确。综合分析,答案就是C项。
经过上述这道考研英语阅读理解细节题的分析,相信同学们对细节题的解题有了一定的了解。我们再来总结一下,细节题的解题:第一步,要根据关键词来在文章中快速的进行定位,找到我们要重点分析理解的定位句;第二步,对定位句进行分析,找到句子的核心词汇,在这里要强调一下同学们的词汇基础,平常一定要重视词汇的背诵和记忆,我们说词汇是英语的根基,而我们的技巧是重要的辅助,同学们在学习技巧的同时,也要重视词汇的记忆和背诵;第三步,分析选项,找到可以与定位句表达同样意思的选项,正确答案就出来了。
以上就是2021考研英语阅读细节题实例及考试技巧,希望大家在现阶段做题的时候能够重点关注,争取拿到新题型应该拿到的分数,祝大家考试成功,一切顺利!