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阅读理解英语文体判断

发布时间: 2023-09-02 10:55:13

A. 中考英语的阅读理解的题型和文章类型有哪些

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B. 英语阅读理解技巧|如何做推理判断题

1.推理判断题是历届高考英语的命题集中点,包括判断和推理两个方面。属于深层理解题,一般难度较高,得分率较低,其比例约占30%—40%。
2.推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定的推理判断,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及笑碰族的内容可能是文中的某一句话,也可能是某几句话,所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题吵磨和猜测想象推断题。
3.常见的设问方式有:
推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式有:
1) The purpose in writing this text is to __________.
2) The author writes this passage to __________.
3) The author in this passage intends to __________.
推测文章的观点碰弊或结论的设题形式有:
1) It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
2) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
3) From the passage we can conclude that __________.
推断文章出处的设题形式有:
1)The passage is most likely to be taken from_________.
2)Where would this passage most probably appear?
3)The passage is most likely a part of_________.
是非判断题的设题方式:1.which of the following is (not)true or false ?
2.All of the following statements are wrong except _____
3.All of the following statements are right/true except _____.
4.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage /text?
逻辑排序题的设题方式:
Which of the following describes one’s logic in doing sth ?
Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to …?
Choose the right order of the following events in …

C. 高考英语阅读文章的文体分类

高考英语阅读文章的文体分类

阅读是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过错。完成这个思维过程,则需要经过认知、分析、综合、理解、记忆、感受、判断等程序。文体类别不同,决定着叙述风格的差异。掌握文体风格,识别文章叙述结构,对正确领悟文章主旨有极大的帮助。下面我给大家整理了高考英语阅读文章的文体分类以及答题技巧,欢迎大家阅读参考!

一、英语阅读文体类型简析

高考英语阅读常见的文体类型有:记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。

[1]记叙文。

英语记叙文以描写叙述为主,主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是,其主题往往潜伏在字里行间,没有直接地表白出来;文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法,快速抓住文中描写的主要内容,从整体上去把握文章的连贯性,进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。

[2]议论文。

英语议论文通常为三段式,即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点,然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证,最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此,遇到议论文体时,应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨,弄清作者的观点。一般来说,作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出,接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证,最后为结论。还应注意的是:在对论点论证的过程中,每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。

就议论文而言,其论证的常见结构方式有:

1,总分式 总---分;分----总;总----分---总;

2,并列式 几个论据之间属于平等关系;

3,递进式 几个论据之间属于递进关系;

4,对照式 把两种事物加以对比,以彰显其中一种。

[3]说明文。

英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份,说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法:

1,定义与诠释说明;

2,举例与引用说明;

3,分类与图表说明;

4,比较与比喻说明;

5,分析与综合说明;

就高考英语说明文的阅读而言,首先要抓住文章说明的要点,也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征;弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明;并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法,理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。

[4]应用文。

英语应用文属于实用型文体,如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解,弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的`方法,力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。

二、英语阅读理解答题技巧

高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有:词义猜测题、主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理题和推断题。题型不同,答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。

1、词义猜测技巧。

这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法,而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时,应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外,还要应注意生词后的标点符号,如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时,词意隐藏在全文或某一段中,这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。

2、抓主旨大意的技巧。

一般来说,议论文的主旨大意要么在首段,要么在尾段。文章主旨位于首段时,其后的段落通常是演绎论证的过程;在段尾时,其前的段落通常是在摆事实、讲道理,最后归纳出全文主旨。说明文的主旨也通常位于首段;记叙文的主旨有的位于开首段(如新闻报道、时事经纬等文章的主旨均置于开场白的位置,达到开门见山、直奔主题的效果),但大多数记叙文的主旨隐藏在文章之中,需理清文章脉络,挖掘文章内涵,把握作者意图。

3、推断题型答题技巧。

推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义,即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述,而寓意在文章的字里行间,要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析,推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否,很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。

4、细节题型的答题技巧。

细节题型的解答通常是借助对文中的具体信息的查寻来解决。答题时要采取略读、扫读、析读和精读的办法从文中找出问题答案。细节题型多问及时间、地点、人物、数量和特征等。

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D. 高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧如下:
1、题型分类:主旨大意题,答题技巧:阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文,这两种文体的结构可归纳为:提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章,抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、细节理解题,答题技巧:可直接找到相关细节,但需经过计算方可找到答案。
3、推理判断题,答题技巧:推断题是考查大家透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据,切莫主观臆断。
4、词义猜测题,答题技巧:通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词。专业老师在线权威答疑 zy.offercoming.com

E. 英语阅读理解的技巧和方法

英语阅读理解的技巧和方法

高考阅读理解题型的分值一般都是40分,在所有的题型中占有比列最大的分值,所以学生能否在阅读理解上取得高分,直接决定英语成绩能否取得高分。下面是我整理的英语阅读理解的方法和技巧,大家一起来看一下吧!

纵观这几年的命题要求,阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下几个方面的能力:

1.掌握阅读材料的主旨和大意;

2.理解用以阐述主旨的事实和细节;

3.根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义;

4.通过理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系;

5.根据所阅读的材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申;

6.正确领会作者的观点和态度。

一、阅读理解题的题型:

阅读理解的选题在最近几年已经彻底变化,选材广泛、内容丰富,往往涉及到日常生活、人物传记、国内外风土人情、故事传说、社会文化、政治经济、历史、地理和科技、新闻报道、自然现象、体育活动、广告说明等方面。文体也一般涵盖:叙述、描写、说明、议论以及应用文等形式。

在阅读理解中短文的考题类型有:

1.回答wh-引导的疑问句,这类题目一般可以直接在文中找到答案。

2.转换理解,就是把短文中的某些词汇或者短语用正确的英语表述替换。

3.概括总结答案。提出问题让考生用简洁的语言概括出答案。

4.推理判断。让考生在理解全篇短文后,对某一些问题进行推理并作出判断。

大家在做阅读理解题的时候一定要注意问题问什么?常常会有一些学生不要阅读理解会出现翻译问题了,就连题干问的什么都注意不清楚,这样在考试中很危险的。所以大家一定要先注意提问的细节是什么?

如:Which of the following is not Ture?有人就容易把“not"忽略掉。

例如下面的几个问很重要:

From the passage we can conclude/infer that...

Which of the following is implied in the passage?向上面的问题好像与下面几个问题问法相同,那么这样认为就错了。

From the passage we can learn/konw that...

其实只要问题中出现如conclude/infer /implied等单词的时候,往往原文原句是不能选的,一般要经过推断后才可以确定答案的。而向那些含有learn/know/get等单词的时候,则可以用原文原句表达。所以命题这在每年高考的时候常用这些来设置陷阱,今年也一样。

二、阅读理解题的答题技巧:

在快速浏览全篇文章,了解文章内容的基础上,应该注意以下几点:

1.抓住文章的句首

文章中的第一句话往往是短文中的关键一句,是文章的主题句,是引领全文内容的窗口,了解句首的关键句在做阅读理解题时很重要的。

2.仔细观察段首段尾

每段的首句和尾句一般是表达文章中的主题和中心思想的,各段的段落大意往往概括在一个主题句中,其它的句子只是对主题句子的补充、说明、解释或者引申。所以说应该仔细阅读好段落的开头和结尾。

3.进行合理的推理

对文章有了详细、全面的了解以后,就要按照文章的要求、上下文的逻辑关系,作出合理的推理和判断。阅读理解涉及词汇、句型、段落结构、语法、文化背景等各方面的因素。答题时候应该领会句子之间的逻辑关系,特别是相邻句子之间的逻辑关系,这样有利于理解全文。表示逻辑关系的标志性的连接词有副词、代词、介词、关系词、插入语等,所以在通读的时候应该特别注意如:if,because,though,as,which,it,and,but,however,therefore,so,for,example,I'm afraid,so that,so...that......

因为他们在文中往往起着条件、原因、让步、指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的、承上启下等作用,分布在文章中的各个位置,正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用,对阅读文章有很大的帮助。

阅读理解中存在以下几个方面的陷阱:

(1),无中生有,在做这类题的时候往往会遇到一些被命题者优异捏造的信息组成干扰项。

对策:仔细阅读文章,看看选项中提及的在文章中有否依据,按照依据答题,千万不要主观臆断。此外,一定要注意题干中有无向:In the author's opinion或According to the passage等限定词语。

(2),偷梁换柱,就是不经意间命题者采用大部分与文章中语句结构相似的句子出现在选项中,而这些句子只有几个词语甚至一个词语与文章中的词语不同。所以大家应该仔细答题,看清问题的细节部分。

(3),张冠李戴,命题者常在设计问题的时候,把文中一些人的观点变成作者的观点,把一些事物的特征说成另一个事物的特征。所以大家在做题的时候一定分清楚它们之间的关系,哪些是作者的'意图?那些是文章的正观点,哪些是文章中的反面观点和否定的观点。

(4),以偏概全,鱼目混珠,在做阅读的时候往往有一些学生平时做题目慢,在考试的时候时间不够用,常常会在做阅读理解的时候压力比较大,因为作文还在后面等着自己写呢,可是时间不多了,因此在做一些问题的时候往往不细看,。命题者恰好利用这些把一些选项设计成陷阱,用一些不具体的、片面的内容概括一件事情,往往看上去似乎是对的,可是从整体上看是不对的,有一些选项也是局部有误。所以大家做题一定要仔细阅读到底。

(5),命题者刻意的去扩缩范围。有时候命题者刻意加上诸如:almost,all,nearly,more than,absolutely等词语对文章的意思加以限制,所以大家在阅读的时候注意题干和文章中的这一类词语。

(6),望文生义,命题者最近几年很热衷于让考生对文章中的一些词汇、句子加以解释说明,所以在平时的复习过程中应该注重单词的积累,和学会拆词和猜词。

三、就要高考了,这段时间如何去复习阅读理解呢?

1.大家在平时应该积累一些科普常识:例如生态平衡、环境污染、一些物理理论、水的变化与作用、计算机、人造卫星、诺贝尔新奖项等信息的积累。

2.在平时应该多了解一些社会风土人情、社会交往、一些地方的风俗、一些社会现象如失业、金融危机等。

3.平时多练习,注意质量,不要追求数量,还有同时要对时间进行控制,要不在考试中很容易就会出现时间分配不合理,导致考试不能考出真实的水平。

4.在平时总结出一些方法,例如文章的问题结构,答案的分布规律,阅读的技巧等等。

5.注意单词的积累,这些都很重要。

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F. 小学英语阅读理解判断对错

小学英语阅读理解判断对错

以下是我给大家提供的小学英语阅读理解的判断对错的题型,有兴趣的朋友可以阅读练一下哦!

第一篇:

根据短文,判断下列内容是否符合短文内容,如符合写T,否则写F。

Rebecca is an Australian girl. She is in Guangzhou with her parents now. She is a school girl. Her father is her English teacher and her mother is her music teacher. She likes China and she likes Chinese food very much. She can make some Chinese food. She gets up early in the morning and she begins to make mplings or noodles with soup for her family for breakfast. But she doesn’t make breakfast for her parents on Sundays or Saturdays.

( ) 1. Rebecca’s mother is her English teacher and her father is her music teacher.

( ) 2. Rebecca lives in Australia now.

( ) 3. Rebecca can make some Chinese food.

( ) 4. Rebecca doesn’t like the Chinese food at all.

( ) 5. Rebecca can make mplings and noodles with soup.

第二篇:My friend----Michelle

In my happy childhood(童年),I have many good friends, but I think Michelle is my best friend. She is patient because she writes and draws patiently(耐心地).She has short hair. She is black. But she looks so cute. She comes to my home and plays with me every weekend. At my home, we often play computer games ,surf the Net or watch cute photos of cats, dogs and birds.

On summer holiday, she often swims with her family in the swimming pool. Her birthday is on July 16th.She usually has a birthday party with her friends. We can sing, dance, take photos and eat birthday cake.

She is a lovely girl, I think. Do you think so?

( )1. Michelle is my best friend.

( )2. She is white.

( )3. Michelle often plays computer games with her mother.

( )4. On summer holiday, Michelle often swims in the swimming pool.

( )5. July 16th is my birthday.

第三篇:Kangaroos

There are many kangaroos in Australia and not only in zoos. You can see them everywhere outside the cities and towns. Kangaroos have very strong legs, so they are very good at jumping. Their tails are very strong, too. So when they want to have a rest, they rest on their tails. Knagaroos are also very good at looking their babies. Mother Kangaroos keep their babies safe in their pockets.

一、 Write "T" for True and "F" for False beside the statements.

( )⒈ There are many kangaroos in America.

( )⒉ Kangaroos have very strong legs.

( )⒊ Kangaroos’ tails are very strong, too.

( )⒋ Mother kangaroos keep their babies safe in their pokets.

第四篇:My School

I am a student of Houzhai Middle School. My school is new. It is big and beautiful. There are three grades. Every grade has twelve classes.

There are about one hundred teachers in our school. The people of my school are very friendly. We all work hard. In our school, there are many new buildings. Our classroom is big and bright, and there is a TV, we can learn much. There is a small hill behind our teaching building. We often visit it. There are many tall trees and beautiful flowers. Some birds often sing in the morning. There is a small lake too, the water is very clear. Do you think my school is beautiful? Welcome to my school!

New Words: clear 清澈的'

正确的填T,错误的填F

( ) 1. My school is old and big.

( ) 2. I am a primary school pupil.

( ) 3. The students are very friendly.

( ) 4. The students are all lazy.

( ) 5. There are many trees, flowers in the school.

( ) 6. The water of the lake is dark.

( ) 7. I like my school.

>>>>>>参考答案<<<<<<

第一篇:

1-5 F F T F T

第二篇:My friend----Michelle

1-5 T F F T F

第三篇:Kangaroos

一、F、 T、 T、 T

第四篇:My School

1-7 F F T F T F T

;

G. 成考英语阅读理解常考的类型有哪些答题技巧有吗

阅读理解是成考英语试卷中卷面分值最高的,为了方便考生们更好地复习英语,小编在这里整理了成考英语阅读理解文体类型及答题技巧,希望能对考生们有帮助!
一.英语阅读文体类型简析
成考英语阅读常见的文体类型有:记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。
1.记叙文:英语记叙文以描写叙述为主,主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。特点是其主题往往潜伏在字里行间,阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法,快速抓住文中描写的主要内容,从整体上去把握文章的连贯性,进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。成考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。
2.议论文:一般来说作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出,接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证,最后为结论。还应注意的是:在对论点论证的过程中,每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。
3.说明文:成考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法,理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。
4.应用文:英语应用文属于实用型文体,如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解,弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法,力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的“关键内容。
二、成考英语答题技巧
阅读理解常见的设题形式有:词义猜测题、主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理题和推断题。题型不同,答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简单分析。
1.词义猜测技巧
这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备定构词法,而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时,应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外,还要应注意生词后的标点符号,如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时词意隐藏在全文或某一段中,这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。
2.抓主旨大意的技巧
一般来说,议论文的主旨大意要么在首段,要么在尾段。说明文的主旨也通常位于首段记叙文的主旨有的位于开首段(如新闻报道、时事经纬等文章的主旨均置于开场白的位置,达到开门见山、直奔主题的效果),但大多数记叙文的主旨隐藏在文章之中,需理清文章脉络,挖掘文章内涵,把握作者意图。
3.推断题型答题技巧
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义,即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述,而寓意在文章的字里行间,要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析,推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意推断题推断得正确与否,很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气级观点。
4.细节题型的答题技巧
细节题型的解答通常是借助对文中的具体信息的查寻来解决。答题时要采取略读、扫读、析读和精读的办法从文中找出问题答案。细节题型多问及时间、地点、人物、数量和特征等。

H. 中考英语阅读理解体裁

阅读理解在英语考试里所占的分值比较大,但是却有存在较大的难度。下面,针对中考,我们来看看中考的英语阅读理解题材都有哪些,为中考加油。

阅读理解题对学生提出了较高的能力要求,主要是考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力,既要抓住文章的主旨,又要抓住细节;既要理解具体事实,又要理解抽象概念;既要理解文章字面意思,又要挖掘作者意图,揣摩隐藏在字里行间的内涵既要理解全篇的逻辑关系又要理解某些细节的意思,并且在读懂句子和文章的基础上,将所读文章进行判断、分析和推理。概括的说就是这类题注重考查阅读技能,包括理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意,以及推断或理解作者的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力,还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想,作出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨,事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查。设题通常考虑以下四个方面。

1. 直观性问题 。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。

2. 常识性问题。 考查学生依据短文信息,并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型.

3. 理解性问题。 考查学生对文章的中心思想,某段的段落大意,某一事实的细节及作者意图等的理解程度。

4. 推理性问题。 这类题需在深刻理解短文后,再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。

阅读是一个复杂的心理过程,语言学家古德曼(Groodman)认为,阅读就是读者通过其心理和语言活动理解来接受作者的思想和观点。如果学生能读懂一篇文章,则表明作者写作时的思维过程与该生在阅读时的思维活动趋于吻合,这就是说学生的阅读理解必须实于原文,不可脱离文章凭空想象。

对学生进行阅读技巧训练还应该从文体角度来训练,因为一篇文章的设题是受其文体限制的。下面我们分析几个不同体裁文章的特点,供大家参考。

a. 故事类。

初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。阅读故事类的材料,应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。特别注意的是,以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。而阅读材料后的阅读理解题往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。在阅读故事类短文时,应指导学生理解文章的深层含义,也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的'是,现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时,往往有一道推理类理解测试题.

b.科普类。

这里所指的科普类是广义的。它包含有介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时,要以事实为中心进行思考,抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等.如果是介绍社会现象的文章,要掌握所谈现象的内涵。

c.图表类。

这类短文是通过看图或表格等来了解某方面的情况。指导学生阅读这类材料时,主要从两方面入手;一是了解图表的主题,确定图表的主要内容,二是推敲图画语盲或数字,找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。

d.新闻类。

报刊阅读应逐步成为中学生阅读的一个重要内容。由于新闻报道强调遵循 5 个 w 和 1 个 H,所以,我们在阅读时也要抓住这一点去理解把握。

I. 求辨析:英语阅读理解四种文体

exposition:记录性的,实验报告,菜谱书,
argumentation:辩论,中间有观点
description:描述,像诗,散文
narration:讲故事,里面会说出道理

J. 高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧详解

高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧详解

英语阅读理解题的难度在不断增大,考生们也大多知难而进。下面是我为大家带来的高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧,欢迎阅读。

一、四选一型阅读

高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类:细节题、推理题、主旨大意题、词义句意猜测题、结构顺序题。

1、细节题解题技巧

细节题,顾名思义,就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多,如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换)。

现在围绕上述的定位理论,引申出几个小的技巧:

(1) 关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题,如涉及到数字(日期、时间、价格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出数字,再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息,还有人物姓名、地点名词等等,其他的还包括一些提示情节发展,或条纲性关键字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。

As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英语北京A篇)

What happened to the author in 2011?

A. She flew an airplane

B. She entered a competition

C. She went on a hot air balloon ride

D. She moved into a retirement community

解析:此题属典型细节题,通过题干中的时间in 2011不难定位到文中粗体字部分,很容易可以锁定正解为C。

(2) 同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致,但属于同义性质,同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。

He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英语北京B篇)

What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?

A. Finding the news value of his stories.

B. Giving him financial support.

C. Helping him to find issues.

D. Improving his good ideas.

解析:此题属细节题,定位方式为同义定位法。题干中的talks和文章中conversations对应,而want most和longs for对应,这样不难得出答案为D。

小结:在阅读中,精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的,做题的技巧也是可以总结的,关键是要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力。

2、推理题解题技巧

推断题定义:在理解原文字面意思的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。

出现特征:在考题中经常出现的词有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove /according to等。

She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.

How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英语北京A篇)

A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.

解析:由题目得知:是考察作者的态度题。首先定位到文章作者的话语和行为,即

(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway.

(2) We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.“

(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.

可知作者对它是正的情感,排除C,D.再由作者对它的不舍,答案选B

3、主旨大意题解题技巧

Topic/Title型-使用逆推法

(1) 要在阅读原文基础上,仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系

(2) 再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何

(3) 要注意题目是否过大或者过小

(4) 要避免下列三种错误

概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,导致范围过小)

过度概括(多表现为扩大范围)

以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。

Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.

Text messages have been popular in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless instry's trade association, CTIA, estimates(估计) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.

The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.

“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and ring, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said, following approval of the plan.

Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received support from the wireless instry.

The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.

There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.

The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.

The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英语山东卷B篇)

66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students

B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Instry

C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters

D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon

解析:D。主旨大意题。第一段开门见山,提出将创建一个全国性的短信警报系统;最后一段重申主题,对这种新系统的未来进行展望。因此最准确的标题是D。A项错在protecting students;B项错在by wireless instry;C项错在National Disasters。

4、词义句意题解题技巧

要求考生通过阅读上下文,结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思。出现特征:划线或者引号

解题方法之一:根据上下文,往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。

Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?

62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京,B篇,62,答案D)

A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager

解析:从burning这个词来说,意为“发热的,强烈的,燃烧的`”,后面紧跟动词词组“find out”说明在寻找时刻的心情是很紧张和急迫的,最后是一个宾语从句,是我曾经做错过什么,那么这个题目显然就是选择和“渴望的,热切的”词义,显然为D选项。

5、结构顺序题解题技巧

常见提问方式:

How is the passage organized?

Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

The author develops the passage mainly by….

解题思路:

(1) 注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头,简要概括文章的中心思想,

(2) 找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头,也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。

(3) 最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系,承上启下,使文章行文连贯,逻辑严密。为突出主题,作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章,通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。

The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place

Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet procts that we have stopped thinking about what diet procts are doing to us. We are paying for procts that harm us psychologically and physically(身体上).

Diet procts significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet procts allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.

On another level, diet procts have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet procts make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

The danger of diet procts lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet instry has created chemicals to proce these wonder procts. Diet procts may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet procts are potentially dangerous.

Now that we are aware of the effects that diet procts have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet procts, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英语北京卷E篇)

75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

解析:文章第一段点明节食产品在误导人们;第二段说明节食产品对人们心理上的影响;第三段说明节食产品误导人们认为不费劲就可以减肥,即对人们身体上的危害;第四段说明节食产品的危害;第五段说明人们应该慎重对待节食产品,故从文章结构上看应该是B项正确。

二、七选五型阅读

考生需要在语篇信息存在缺失的情况下,准确理解整篇文章,特别是设题部位前后句的逻辑关系,通过上下文的线索进行判断,预测下文,然后做出正确判断。

命题分析:我们如果把整篇文章看成一个信息群,这个信息群实际上是由两大信息版块构成的:

已知信息:原文在五处空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息

待选信息:七个待选选项中的信息

这两个信息板块间绝不是孤立的,而是有紧密的互动逻辑关系,连起来是一篇完整的文章。

考试题型对学生的考察能力来看无外乎两个方面:

(1) 把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系

(2) 把握微观信息间关联性(即空格前后句间关系)

解题方法:词汇同现、词汇复现、代词妙用、数字线索、逻辑线索。

Muzak

The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? _____ (71) It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.

Quiet background music used to be called “elevator (电梯) music” because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name “Muzak”. About one-third of the people in America listen to “Muzak” everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired.______ (72)

If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? _____ (73)

Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. _____ (74)Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.

_____ (75)They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!( 2010年高考英语北京卷)

A. Some people don't like Muzak.

B. The music gives them extra energy.

C. Music is playing in the background.

D. Factory workers proce 13 percent more.

E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.

F. They ge t as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.

G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.

答案:CBFDA

代词妙用:代词指代前面提到的thing, 所以只要找到与代词含义一致的词就可搞定。

71空格后面出现“It's similar to the music you listen to,”那么我们只要分析出其中的“it”的具体指代即可,通过题目及略读下文,我们很容易知道该文介绍一种音乐,而且第一段故作悬念,一直未给出其名字,所以我们只要找到选项中包含音乐一词而没有点名缪扎克一词的即可,很容易锁定BC选项,因为B项意义与下文相去甚远,故舍B取C没商量。

75空格后出现“They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time.”,同理,我们就要确定“they”的具体指代,首先由于“say”的出现,我们锁定“they”为人的复数,所以轻松锁定ADF,所谓真金不怕火来炼,D显然逻辑不通,F由于其主语也为人,段落第一句永远不会出现意思不明的代词(we, you 除外,因为它们可以明确指代广义的人),故轻松排除F选出真金A。

72此题虽然不是明显的后文出现代词,但其前亦有代词出现,“It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning,”下文承接上文,肯定有联系,找出“it”的具体指代-the music, 轻松选出B项。(注:也可应用词汇复现法)

词汇复现法:情非得已时选择的一种方法,知道与前后文中有词汇重复的选项即可,有时也可指含义一致的词汇,如72

73前文中“but others are happy when their songs are chosen”有“their songs”, F项亦有相同词汇出现,放进去,意思通晓明白,搞定。

74后文中“Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.有”percent more“,D项亦有相同词汇出现,且意思连贯,选出即可。

72题中前句中出现”when people are more tired. “能够与”tired“相对应的四选项中只有”energy“,累了对应能量,亦可做出此题。

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