高考英语阅读理解作者意图
高考中英语阅读理解分为4篇，即A,B,C,D 四篇。均为信息文，信息文，意思如字面，是为了传递信息的，其文章主题是围绕一个主题展开的，如2020年全国卷1 A篇讲的是Train Information, 内容涉及到坐火车的时刻表，失物招领等。信息文中的信息排列还是很清晰的的，比小说类的题材要简单很多，大部分内容字面意思懂了，题就能做对，现在我们从高考阅读出题特点，题型特点，各个题型的做题技巧，怎么提升自己的阅读理解能力来聊聊如何拿高分。这些做题技巧也是侯老师独家归纳总结，并且经过学生提分案例的验证，可以是高考英语提分的精华部分。
如上文所述，高考英语阅读理解有四篇，四篇的难度排列顺序有讲究，分别从容易到难排列。前面的A篇最简单，单词简单，句子短，甚至不需要看原文，看着题找答案就行了，所以A篇是送分题，绝对不能失分。A篇后的B, C, D篇，难度依次加大，成绩一般的孩子，读完了C篇，就觉得脑子不够用了，D篇根本读不下去，以至于做错题，属于很正常。所以我建议平时模考在70分以下的同学，好好琢磨A，B，C的答案，以提高自己的争取率，把该拿的分数拿到手，再挑战D篇。
另外从阅读题的题型划分，阅读题题型的出题特点也有迹可循。各种题型考察的就是学生在不同层面上对文本的理解力和思维能力。有的老师在讲阅读题时，只告诉学生：从原文中找答案，答案都在原文里。这样给出的做题技巧太笼统，无法解决学生的问题。正解是，根据不同的题型有不同的做题技巧，甚至技巧也是理解能力的一部分。
阅读理解中考的题型有文章主旨题，段落主旨题，词义题，细节题，推断题，指代题，句子改述题，作者态度题。北京市高考题要求比较高，会出态度题，全国卷中至今还没有涉及到作者态度题。对于这几种题型中，对理解能力要求最高的是，推断题，句子改述题，作者态度题。这三种题型最难拿分，因为学生不仅需要读懂字面意思，还需要深刻理解字面背后的意思，了解作者的意图，通过某些用词和句子，来推断句外之意。某些同学的思维不太对，即使在母语中也很少注意言外之意，凡事都不肯思考，常常听别人说什么就是什么，这是自己本身思维思辨力不强，所以这种思辨能力的培养需要长期纠正。而且我也发现思维的转换，并非一朝一夕的之功，需要不断提醒学生训练自己的思考方式，有时候要过度训练，强化学生思维。并且实践来看，我带过的学生2个月后初见成效，但强化且内化成自己的一部分，需要半年甚至一年的巩固。很多学生我带过一段时间后，分数提了，但如果中途不上，分数又掉下去了，也就是因为这个原因。
文章主旨题，考察的是学生对文章主题的整体把握，这是很重要的一项总结能力，读完长长的一篇文章，即使有些细节不清楚，起码应该知道文章是在讲什么。那么应该怎么解题呢？要看每段话的第一句，然后总结归纳重复出现的名词和动词，最后跟题中的选项核对，看哪一项最符合文章的主题。为什么一定要额外注意名词和动词呢？因为在语言中，名词和动词是支撑和体现意思的单位，其他的一些词类，如冠词，介词，助动词，只是完成了语法功能，并不能支撑意思的表达。你见过有谁说话，光说，a, the, in 的吗？
词义题，考察的是该单词在文章中是什么意思，有些词会有一词多意的情况，这个时候要考虑文章的语境中该单词是什么意思。词义，首先要观察这个单词的特点，如果是复合词 compound word，要看组成这个单词的每个部分，各个组成部分拼在一起，就是该单词的意思，如 deskmate，hi-tech，很容易猜出来。其次要看这个单词的词性，即根据前后的单词，推断出这个词是名词，代词，动词，形容词，还是副词。比如，孩子一看 an UFO，知道UFO是一个名词，因为前面有冠词an。然后推断出词性后，依然要根据上下文的关系来推断这个词的意思。如句子中During a performance, the elephants plays a variety of instruments, including drums and xylophones. 题目的要求是学生猜出a variety of 是什么意思。首先这个短语位于名词的前面，表示是修饰instruments “乐器”的，后面又给出了两个例子：鼓和打击乐，可见是不止是一类乐器，是好几种，所以 a variety of 指的是各种各样的。
细节题，所有的细节题，都是送分题，即使是阅读理解最难的D篇，也可以拿到分。因为细节题找对位置就可以拿分。我观察了一下细节题做不对的学生，绝大多数是思维方式有问题，不仔细看，细节看不到，把握不准，即使他的理解是正确的，也常常做不对题。这其实也是个很麻烦的事情，就好像明明你妈妈帮你准备好了便当，你却忘了带，依然没饭吃。这种学生也需要训练思维。
指代题，送分题，绝对的送分题。指代题的问法经常是： What does “it”refer to in line 24? 既然文章中用到了代词“it”，表明前面肯定提到了某个名词，然后后面可以用“it”，所以这里要注意查找前面出现的名词。但高考题常常会挖个坑，前面有几个名词，学生可能只觉得只有最近的那个名词才是正解。所以正确的做法是要把名词带入句子中，在句子中核实验证。
段落主旨题，跟文章主旨题差不多，考察学生对段落主题的把握，即在读完一个段落后，可以明白这段话是在讲什么，即使某些细节可能有些模糊，对主题是十分清楚的。具体的解法是，看段落的第一句，以及靠近第一句的位置，有很少的可能性文章的主旨句在末尾。因为信息文常见的段落结构是，开篇点题，后面用细节和例子来支撑主旨句。所以段落第一句以及靠近第一句的位置，经常可以见段落主旨句。
推断题，是比较难的题型，要求学生根据文章某一段，或者某几句，推断出言外之意。常见的问法：What can you infer from Paragraph 2? 之所以难，是因为学生不仅要理解字面意思，还可以体味到深层次的意思。这个要求其实对学生的思维有了更高的要求。如果有的学生平常没有较高深层次的思考能力，这个题并不容易做对。如果一个学生平常老师让干什么就干什么，从来不问为什么，那么就是思维力不够，要加强对思维的培养和锻炼。
由此可见，高考阅读理解要拿高分，不仅仅是背诵单词的问题，还要结合技巧和思维培养。而且每个学生的思维方式不同，看待世界的角度和方式不同，要培养思维，真的需要因人而异。根据我的经验，单词好背，思维难转换；思维转换不过来，即使是读了同一篇文章，看到的东西也是不一样的。学生常常说的一句话是：我以为，我觉得，我认为； 我反问一句： 你以为的就是作者以为的么？学习外语，无非是学习另一种思维，而学会理解别人，向来都是人生的一大难题，成年人也未必能够做好，更何况是高中生？
最后预祝今年参加高考的学生得偿所愿，英语超常发挥。
❷ 职称英语解题技巧：领会作者的观点、意图和态度
与掌握所读材料的主旨和大意类似，领会作者的观点、意图和态度也是阅读理解题中较难解答的问题。回答这类题首先要在阅读过程中注意体会和觉察作者的观点、意图和态度。这种信息有时是直接表达的，但更多的是间接、含蓄的流露。不过，作者的这种主观情感和态度往往和全文的主题和要点相关联。所以，在根据主题和主旨的同时，应注意揣测作者的观点、意图和态度。
下面是这类题的一些常用的提问方式：
1. The author's main purpose in this passage is
2. The author's purpose of writing this passage is __
3. In this passage the author's attitude toward ...could best be described as
4. What is the author's attitude toward
5. The author's main thought is that __
6. The author probably feels that
7. The author appears to feel that
8. Which of the following does the author want to illustrate in discussing ...?
9. In this passage the author looks on ... with an attitude of
10. What is the tone of the passage?
11. What is the author's opinion about ...?
12. The author uses the example of... to show that ________
例1
I entered the hotel manager’s office and sat down. I had just lost £50 and I felt very upset. "I left the money in my room," I said, "and it's not there now." The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. "Everyone's losing money these days." he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained £50. "I found this outside this gentleman's room." she said. "Well, "I said to the manager, "there is still some honesty in this world!"
1. What did the writer believe had happened to his money?
A. He had left his money in the manager's office.
B. Someone had stolen his money.
C. The manager had the money.
D. The girl had stolen the money.
作者说：“I left the money in my room，and it’s not there now”，这句话的含义就是 “He believed that someone had stolen his money”。因此，选项B是正确答案。
例2
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on indivial tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encour~/ge our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
1. In the passage the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is ________
A. critical B. questioning
C. approving D. objective
本题考核学生是否读懂作者对混合编班的态度。要回答该问题，首先要清楚四个选项的不同含义。选项A表示作者持“批评的”态度，选项B表示作者持“怀疑的”态度，选项C表示作者持“赞同的”态度，选项D表示作者持“客观的”态度。根据文章的第一段内容，可以看出作者是持“赞同的”态度，所用的人称代词也是we，因此答案是选项C。如果是持“客观的”态度的话，则人称代词不会用we。
2. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's _______.
A. personal qualities and social skills
B. total personality
C. learning ability and communicative skills
D. intellectual ability
本题要求根据文章的意思推测作者的观点。根据第二段的内容，可以看出学生的total personality(总体素质)包括了academic ability or intellectual ability, personal qualities和 social skills。也就是说这些能力都是total personality的方方面面。再看一下这一段的第二；三两句，可以得出正确的答案应该是选项8。其他几个选项的意思都不全面，都不能反映作者的充分开发学生的全面能力的主张。
3. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to______.
A. argue for teaching bright and not—SO-bright pupils in the same class
B. recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities
C. offer advice on the proper use of the library
D. emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
本题要求读者了解作者写这篇文章的意图是什么。文章讨论了两种上课的方式： streaming pupils把学生按能力分班进行教学，和mixed—ability teaching把程度不齐的学生混班上课。并对比列举了前者的弊端和后者的种种优点。因此A项是正确的答案。而选项B、c、D中提到的几种做法均为mixed．ability teachin9的具体做法，都不能看做是作者写这篇文章的目的。这个题目要看懂全文才能够答对。
❸ 2020年高考英语北京卷 - 阅读理解C
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
在过去五年里，科学历史学家保拉·史密斯一直致力于重现人们早已遗忘的技术。在为她的新书做研究时，她偶然发现了一本16世纪的法国手稿，包括近1000份说明书，涵盖范围从工具制作到如何寻找最佳沙子。
The author's intention remains as mysterious as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.
作者的意图如同他的名字一样神秘；他可能只是在为自己的记录做笔记。但让史密斯备受打击的是，她并没有真正掌握作者描述的任何技能。“你根本无法通过阅读来理解手工作品”，她说。
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that proced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
尽管史密斯确实得到了最好的沙子，但用传统的方法做事情并不只是玩法国泥。重建生活在几个世纪前的工匠作品可以揭示他们是如何看待世界，他们的家中装满的物品，以及这些物品在作坊里如何进行生产。它甚至可以帮助解决当代问题：2015年，科学家发现，一种用于解决女性问题的10世纪英国药物可以杀死耐药病毒。
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
史密斯说，这项工作也为博物馆带来了启发。为了保存文物，人们必须知道这个物体是如何制作的。更重要的是，重建可能是了解宝藏在时间磨损之前是什么样子的唯一途径。学者们在古希腊和古罗马雕像的实践中看到了这种想法，这些雕塑被漆成了鲜艳的彩虹色。如果不看艺术作品最初出现的样子，我们无法欣赏这些细节——史密斯认为，只有当你有路线图时，你才能做到这一点。
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
史密斯把手稿的想法付诸实践。她最终的目标是将艺术和科学的世界重新联系起来：她相信，将古老的食谱带到生活中有助于发展一种强调实验、团队合作和解决问题的学习方式。
Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
当科学——也就是所谓的“新哲学”——初具雏形时，学术界寻求工匠帮助理解自然世界。正如工匠尝试用玻璃更好地弯曲光线，显微镜和望远镜因为艺术修补而发明。
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现动手经验和工艺的价值，我们就能把我们最好的现代洞察力与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。
❹ 高考英语阅读理解解题技巧全攻略
【 #英语资源# 导语】为了让同学们被少扣分甚至不扣分， 考 网总结了高考英语阅读理解题型的超详细解题技巧和方法，高考来啦，快快收藏起来好好研究吧！
阅读理解
通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。
一、 主旨大意题
这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。
1.归纳标题题
特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有：
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ___.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意题
包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常见命题形式有：
What is the general/main idea of the passage？ Which of the following expresses the main idea？ What is the subject discussed in the text?
BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What’s the article mainly about ？
解题技巧
阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文 ，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况拦碧。
位于段首 ：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第凳早二，三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。
位于段尾 ：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者简粗举的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主题句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。
位于段中 ：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释；或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。
首尾呼应 ：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。
无明确主题句：找关键词（出现频率较高）, 归纳总结。
注意
新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误：
（1）表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节；
（2）表述太过于笼统，已经超出该段的内容；
（3）表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据
二、细节理解题
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。
1.事实细节题→寻读法
分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有：
What can we learn from the passage?
All the following are mentioned except
Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法 （找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）
常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有：
Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索
设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。
4. 数字计算题→ （方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算）
可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。
三、推理判断题
主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer(推断),
indicate(象征，暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出结论), assume(假定，设想).
1.细节推理判断题
一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有：
It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.
The author implies/ suggests that_____.
We may infer that _________.
Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
2.预测推理判断题
根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有： What do you think will happen if/when…?
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
3.推测文章来源或读者对象
常见命题形式有：
The passage is probably take out of_____
The passage would most likely be found in_____
Where does this text probably come from?
4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题
作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。
询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词 是：explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。
询问语气态度的题，选项里 常出现的词 是：neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。
常见命题形式有：
The purpose of the text is_____
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____
What is the author’s attitude towards…?
What is the author’s opinion on…?
The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
解答技巧
推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。
①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。
四、词义猜测题
考点：
①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义
②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义
③判断某个代词的指代的对象。常见命题形式有：
The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.
The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.
The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______.
The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ?
解答技巧
1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词
首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。
例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词 ，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and *，即使我们不认识*这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。
通过反义词猜词 ，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意义，故为“不太可能”之意。)
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6.通过描述猜词
描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
7. 根据常识猜词
如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel “过梁”。）
Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed “踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”）
七选五
高考阅读理解信息匹配的7选5题型，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
从题型和内容我们可以看出 ，选项可分为：
a.主旨概括句（文章整体内容）
b.过渡性句子（文章结构）
c.注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。
其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
高考英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。
一、解题思路
1、理清句际间的关系
文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。
构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。
因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉，理清句际间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。
2、找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系有：
承接关系（如 so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等）
平列关系（如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude 等）。如文中的选项 71，由 Second、Third 得知应选表示平列关系的句子 G.项。
转折关系（如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever,whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等）。比如选项 75，与前句构成了转折关系，故应选 D 项答案。
层递关系（如 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither,not…but…, not only…but also 等）。如 72 选项，与前句组合为层递关系，故应选包含 also 的 E.项句子。
解释关系，如 73 选项应选 F.选项，与 74 选项平等的，是一组祈示句，而非陈述句，故应选 A.项而非 B项。
二、解题步骤
1、通读全文
在 阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是 全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义， 如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考 虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意，首段与末段的提示作用。
2、详读段落
在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词
在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空各自的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。
重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。
3、定位选项
明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。
4、通读复检
将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在 完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路 是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相 近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
5、确定排除
研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
尽管答案都已经确定，但是为了避免失误，对多余的选项进行进一步的研究，确定它们和文章的主题和前后句意没有关联性之后，才是最终的结果。
❺ 高中英语阅读题不知道为什么感觉自己总是无法理解作者的意图，做题时总是会出错
是阅读理解？首先要有英语词汇量，和早读的朗读和背诵，这样才会有英语感觉。不要小看了词汇量和背诵朗读，你感觉没有什么变化，但是并不代表真的没有变化，变化时感觉不出来的，当你坚持几个月之后，感觉就出来了。。。再有，阅读时先看问题，带着问题读文章；二要仔细看文章的句子，弄懂每句的意思，实在有不会的要靠个人理解；三是务必把英文翻译成汉语，绝不能碰到词不会，就那样不管，你要培养你猜词的能力。我是高考毕业生，对英语总结过，这是其中的一些，希望能帮到你。
❻ 面对高考 英语阅读如何正确领会出题者的意图
要设身处地的体会作者写作目的和中心思想，结合自身经历和社会体验，考量出题者的意图，选择最佳答案，注意必须紧扣文本，不要想当然，不要钻牛角尖。
❼ 高三英语阅读理解题训练及答案详解
高考英语试题中阅读理解占40分，是试卷中所占比例最大的一部分。考生们在复习高考英语科目时,可以多做一些试题,下面就是我给大家带来的，希望大家喜欢！下面就是我给大家带来的 高三英语 阅读理解题训练及答案详解，希望大家喜欢！
第一篇：
Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.
All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.
The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.
In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full，lessening their desire to eat or drink.
The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.
Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber ckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.
In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became the
latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch’s effect on ocean environment.
51.How did the writer introce the topic of the passage?
A. By giving an example. B. By listing the facts.
C. By telling a story. D. By giving a comparison.
52.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?
A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic procts.
B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.
C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.
D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.
53.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?
A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.
B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.
C. Because it may be from an island in the pacific.
D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.
54.Which column can you find the passage on a newspaper?
A. Sports and entertainment. B. Media and culture.
C. Environment and society. D. Science and technology.
55.The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.
A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific
B. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific
C. give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean
D. introce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch
第二篇：
Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland's volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.
WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(微小的) ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(吸入) particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.
Other experts, however, weren't convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on peoples' health and said WHO's warnings were "hysterical." They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance — like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe — its health effects are often minimal, experts say.
"Not all particles are created equal," said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, "In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful." And he said most Europeans' exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.
Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. "The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven't heard of any ill effects there," he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was "over the top" and "a bit hysterical."
60. The text is mainly about .
A. the effect of volcanic ash
B. the health risk of volcanic ash
C. the disadvantages of volcanic ash
D. the opinions on health risk of volcanic ash
61. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?
A. The volcanic ash’s effects on Europeans were little.
B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.
C. Other experts thought WTO’S warnings were useful.
D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution.
62. The underlined word “hysterical” in Paragraph4 most probably means .
A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated
63. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The volcanic ash wouldn’t be harmful to people.
B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.
C. People close to the volcano would likely be at risk according to some experts.
D. Europeans should stay indoors because Iceland's volcano starts settling.
第一篇：
51.D。推理判断题。根据第一段”Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the state of Texas.Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers.So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.”可知，作者拿得克萨斯州与大量的垃圾漂浮物进行比较，所以选D项。
52.A。细节判断题。根据第二段中的”The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.”可知，这些垃圾漂流物是塑料制品。
53.B。细节理解题。根据第五段中的”There is an increased threat of infection of
disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste.”可知受污染的塑料制品会通过食物链来影响人类。
54.C。推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，这篇 文章 最有可能出现在报纸上”环境与社会”这个栏目里。
55.D。作者意图题。本文通过介绍太平洋上漂浮的大量的塑料垃圾废物的情况，指出了它们对海洋中的生物以及人类的影响，所以D项正确。
第二篇：
60.D. 主旨大意题。本文主要就火山灰对人的健康的危害问题世卫组织和其他专家给出不同观点。A太笼统;B不能体现不同的观点;C与文章内容无关;D符合题意。
61. A. 细节理解题。第三段最后一句可知A是正确的;由第三段中During a volcanic eruption……in healthy people.可知B错误;由第三段中Other experts, however, weren't convinced…… cigarette smoke or pollution可排除C D。
62. D. 词义猜测题。由上文中volcanic ash is not all that harmful和下文中only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk可知D正确, 夸大的，言过其实的。
63.C. 由第三段 But once it falls from a greater distance….. effects are often minimal和第四段中 only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk以及第五段中 the further the particles travel, the more diluted and less dangerous they will be可知C正确。ABD观点表达绝对。
❽ 高中英语阅读理解解题技巧精选
一、多练习，多比较，熟悉文章设题手法
常有学生说文章看懂了，题目却做不对，这大致有两种原因：一是只理解了文章表面意思，未能深层理解;二是未能透彻理解题目。目前阅读理解题目可以粗分为两类：主旨题和考察整体理解水平的细节题。其中主旨题占半数以上。细节题学生也应注意其选择并非与文章完全对应，而经常换一种表达方式，或根据“弦外之音”考查学生对隐含细节的理解。对题目选项的设计，学生要注意它经常分为两类：本身意义成立的选项和本身意义不成立的选取项。前者包括答非所问、文不对题、超出范围等手法，后者包括偷换概念、张冠李戴、细节含糊等手法，所以学生要注意去除迷惑选项，确定答案。
二、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
阅读文章的标题往往是全文的主题，它能给我们启发和想象，帮我们理解全文的内容和走向。所以审视标题有利于文章的理解，提高解拆大题的效率。主题句往往对全文起提示、启示、概括、归纳之作用，根据主题句既可以知道文章描述的是谁或什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主体方面的哪些内容。文章主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。用归纳法写的文章主题句一般是文章的最后一句。作者一开始往往先陈述事实与细节描绘，最后一句从上文的细节描绘推出结论或建议，归纳要点与共性。用演绎法写的文章主题句一般是第一句，作者遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，在一开头就提出了全文的论点即主题，而在下面几节针对这一主题从不同的方面加以论述、论证，即从概述开始，随之加以细说。高考对阅读文章主旨题的考察侧重深层理解，目的在于考察学生对整篇文章主题或局部段落的概括能力，经常出现的题目类型有：What is the purpose of writing this assage？What is the best title for the text？What is the main idea of the passage？What is the article mainly about？对于这些题型，同学们要熟悉找答案的诀窍，及刚才所说的找主题的办法。
三、细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除了主旨题以外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考察学生对文中的具体事例、数字、情节、人物等的理解，经常出现排序题（按事情发展顺序排序）、图表题（按文章内容找出正确图形）、正误题（依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断）。如Which of the following statements is？对于这种题型同学们必须细读文章，对于文章的内容和细节做到胸有成竹，对事态的发生、发展有深入的了解，才能动手选择答案。同学们必须知道，作者提出了一个话题以后，必定会用很大的篇幅围绕这一主题展开细节，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础，因此不可忽视。但记住，无论细节题如何变化，立足点都应该是从文章中找出相应词语作为依据。
四、先看问题，再读文章，掌握正确的解题思路，提高阅读速度
《大纲》要求中学生阅读速度达到每分钟70到80个单词，而阅读理解做题参考时间限为35分钟，这把做题时间也算在内了，考生必须在十分有限的时间内领会文章主旨、理清文章脉络。所以要掌握正确的解题思路，即：看题目――阅读――解题――有选择地再阅读――再解题。先把文章所给问题浏览旅笑竖一遍，带着问题去阅读，这样那些表层理解的题目在初读时就可以迅速选定。然后对剩下的深层意思的题目再回原文去找依据。因为已读过一遍，去哪一段、哪几句找依据已心里有数，所以不必再从头至尾读一遍，而只需找与题目有关的依据。
五、理解文章结构，掌握作者意图
英语文章讲究主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序推理上运用较高级的组篇手段。如果希望准确、深刻地理解文章升孙，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉及句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传达某个信息，或是与阅读者讲授某个道理。而这些讯息通常并不是明确地表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。作者往往在构思语篇之前总要预先设定读者知道什么、不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的“潜台词”。因此，这类试题要求考生在理解文章内容的基础上，透过隐藏在语篇深层的逻辑线索去真正领悟作者的言外之意。
六、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
根据考试大纲与说明，要求学生做阅读理解题时能以每篇6分钟的速度阅读并做完5篇词汇量共计约2500字，3%生词率的各种题材的文章。每篇文章至少有6个生词，学生普遍认为生词是主要障碍之一。由于当今阅读文章题裁广泛，题材多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没有学过的词汇。许多学生感到生词特别集中，困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一要扩大英语词汇量，二要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的办法。
阅读理解的技巧无论有多合理，都必须在实践中才能得到掌握和完善，所以学生在平时的练习中如能运用所学的技巧多阅读、多磨练，能力必有提高。
❾ 高中英语阅读题不知道为什么感觉自己总是无法理解作者的意图，做题时总是会出错
我特喜欢英语，我觉得阅读你首先要不排斥，，想单纯做题做得好没有阅读功底是不可能的，不知道你是不是高中生，我说说几点我的建议吧
一定要多读，语感很重要，慢慢你会感觉英语很亲切，最好是每天背一些好的句子或者文章，这样你会慢慢掌握一些外国人的思维方式，对阅读很重要
每天至少保证3篇阅读文章，前两篇要详细地做，后一篇像看故事一样，尽量享受其中
你们阅读题是不是有4篇啊，有没有感觉前两篇准确率相对高一点?做题的时候适当用一点小方法，比如做前两个阅读的时候先看问题，带着问题读文章，第三个可以先看文章，再做题，，一般前3个阅读做了之后头会比较大，所以可以先做一道后面的小题比如改错，单词填空或者7选5什么的，返回来再继续做，头脑可以清醒一些
不认识的单词可以猜，，这也是上面我说的第二点让你看故事的作用
做题的时候尽量不要把自己认为的东西理所当然地当成是作者的看法，这样就很容易出错，
还有一个小tip，看到imply 这类词所选的答案一定不是原文中的话，是要稍微推一下的
强调一下，平时一定要多读、多背文章，阅读和完形填空都是一样靠阅读量支撑的，，所以多读多背真的特别特别重要！
得阅读者得天下，祝你早日得天下！
❿ 英语阅读理解很多人都说要明白出题人的意图，到底该杂去理解求大家给个例子让我明白点。
把自己当成作者，设想假如你来写这篇文章，你会怎么写？
多读几遍，相信书读百遍其义自见。
注意文章开头和结尾，注意线索，抓高频词。
例如：A Swing and a Hug
It was a warm,sunny,Saturday afteroon som fifteen or sixteen years age.I had volunteered to take my two older kids to the local playground while my wife put the youngest down for a nap.As soon as we got there my daughter headed forl the swings and asked for a push. As I was helping my daughter to go higher and higher ,I noticed another little girl trying in vain to get her own swing going .Her elderly grandmother was sitting quietly on a nearby bench and smiled at me.
I gave my daughter on bigpush and then walked over to the little girl an dasked if she could use a push too. She smiled and said "Yes!" I soon had her feet soaring towards the clouds while she laughtedd happily.For the next two hours I found myself pushing swings and playing tag with amy son ,daughter,and the other litter girl.By the time we headee home,I was physically exhausted ,but my spirits was still flying higher than those swings.
Two years later I was exhausted again after a long day's work. Still, I needed to pick upmy kids from the local grade school before heading home.I stood wearily in the parents'waiting area watching for my children. Suddenly ,I felt two tiny arms wrap around my stomach.I looked down and there was the little girl from the playground smiling up at me .she gave me one more big hug before heading off to catch her school bus.As I watched her back ,I didn't feel quite so tired anymore and my spirits were once again soaring in the Heavens.
In this life every single bit of love we share finds its way back to us again.It may travel from heart to heart or it may blossom in the soul where it was planted.It may take seconds or it may take years.The law of love,though,is never broken.What we give,we get back.What we sow ,we reap.The love we share,the kindness we give,and the joy we create will always come back to bless us.
秋千与拥抱是高频词，这两件事物之间的联系表现的爱的法则。很明显，作者的写作意图在文章末尾，最后一自然段是最重要的。
希望有帮助！