历年高考英语阅读长难句
Ⅰ 高考英语长难句解析，要分析句子结构，句子意思。有什么语法
2021新东方英语考研直通车田静核心语法及长难句解析（英语一）（高清视频）网络网盘 链接:
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Ⅱ 历年高考中出现的英语长难句(2)
51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没有达成协议。
简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。
52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.
这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。
简析：含主谓倒装句。
53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.
要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。
简析：含比较级句型。
54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 — and Ed was leading.
就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。
简析：关键词figure on预计，估计;in one’s favor对某人有利。
55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .
因此当伊德来参加我们的比赛时,我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤里,而且几乎注意不到他的肚子,我感到很惊奇,以致无话可说,我的表弟过去一定努力把自己训练好,保持很好的竞技状态。
简析：含有not only…but also…及so…that…的句型结构，must have P.P表示对过去事实的推测。
56.In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.
在一定程度上，我认为我们都赢了，我赢得了这次比赛，伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。
简析：承前省略谓语动词won。
57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.
据说在澳大利亚土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去处理。
简析：含比较级句型。
58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.
这项研究设计得如此好以致一旦开始任何事都不可能改变它。
简析：夹杂过去分词短语once begun。
59. The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
妈妈不知道谁应该受责备，因为打破玻璃这件事是她不在家里的时候发生的。
简析：关键词be to blame受责备。
60.When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored 160.
当我在军队服役时，我曾接受过所有战士都参加的智力测试,与平均分100分相比，我得了160分。
简析：关键词against 与…相比较。
61.We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well
我们原不是那样计划艺术展览的，但出来的结果却很好。
简析：关键词work out 结果是……
62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time .
房子装修花费我的闲暇时间不多。
简析：句型结构little of的用法，例We see very little of our children (we do not see them often) now that they are grown up.孩子们已经长大了，所以我们现在很少见到他们。
63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
这条河流已经遭受很重的污染，现在要清理为时太晚。
简析：含too…to…句型及现在分词的完成式。
64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the snow.
大多数人相信这些脚印只是普通动物的足迹，这些足迹由于在雪里融化再结冰而变大了。
简析：关键词nothing more than only。
65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel?
但若他们真的抓住一个“雪人”的话，那么他们可能面临一个现实问题：他们会把它放进动物园，还是在一个旅馆里给它一个房间呢?
简析：含选择疑问句型。
66. With proction up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
产量增长了60%，公司又经历了一个极好的年头。
简析：含with构成的介词短语。
67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
世贸组织如果没有一个占世界五分之一人口的大国加入的话，那么它就不能名副其实。
简析：关键词live up to one’s name 名副其实。
68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.
重要的是你做这件工作的能力，而不是你来自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。
简析：强调句型It is +强调部分+that / who+从句。
69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with?
我怎么才能让父亲卸完车上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢?我还要和这些女孩一起度过以后的日子。
简析：关键词make a scene 大吵大闹，出洋相。
70.Dad’s face turned decidedly less red before he could bring out a “yes”.
父亲在说出一声“是”之前,脸终于没有先前那么红了。
简析：迂回表达，心情如释重负。
71. Soon I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.
很快我听到好象是门被撞进的声音，接着是一阵上楼的脚步声。
简析：that替代前而的sound。
72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.
爸爸从我手里拿起那只仍冒烟的枪，又开了一枪，这才杀死了那只大猩猩。
简析：关键词fire another shot 又开了一枪。
73.It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached it.
事情发生是这样的,爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那个动物赶到之前(距离20英尺远)将门锁上。
简析：句型结构It happened that…事情发生是这样的…
74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the mirror.
当他在镜子前自我欣赏时，他想他当然看上去很适合那个角色。
简析：关键词all right确实，无疑。
75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines, but nothing came to his mind.
他抱着头，尽力的想台词，但什么也想不起来。
简析：迂回表达nothing came to his mind=He remembered nothing.
76. In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it.
实际上，他越是观看这台戏剧，他越是认为自己已进入角色。
简析：句型结构the more…the more…越…越…
77. Instead she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, letting herself in through the back door.
反而，她在附近公园散步一会儿就回到家，她经过后门让自己进去的。
简析：分词短语letting herself in 作状语。
78. She settled down to wait and see what would happen.
她静下心来等，看会发生什么事。
简析：关键词settle down to do sth 静下心来做…
79. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door.
她拿起那个装着开水的壶，悄悄地向门移动。
简析：现在分词短语作伴随状语。
80. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was followed by the sound of running feet.
当那根铁丝掉在地上，哪只手缩回时，外面传来尖叫声，接着是逃跑的声音。
简析：三处被动语态间接描述小偷遭到的惩罚。
81. It wasn’t long before the police caught the thief.
很快警察抓住了那个小偷。
简析：句型结构It wasn’t long before+从句，很快就…
82. Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper.
接着，我注意到门旁一个高个子男人，拿着用棕色纸遮盖着的某种东西。
简析：含两个分词短语。
83. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun stuck out of his coat.
转向下一个顾客，看见一杆枪从他的外套伸出来，我非常恐惧。
简析：过去分词短语作to see的宾补。
84.“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder “None of your excuses! Go start work at once! ”
“史密斯!”经理用象雷一样的声音大喊，“你不要找借口!给我立即开始工作。”
简析：口语化的语言。
85. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.
菲力浦帕底特在110层高的建筑物上，人群拥挤的大街上空等候。
简析：含倒装句型及分词用法。
86. Philippe took his first step with great care. The wire held Now he was sure he could do it.
菲力浦非常小心地迈开第一步，钢丝绳承受住了，现在他确信他可以走钢丝了。
简析：关键词hold (vi) 承受。
87.And thousands of terrified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.
成千上万感到很害怕的观众盯着看，他们的心跳很快。
简析：含with构成的介词短语。
88. Already she does many things a human being can do.
她已经会做一个人能做的许多事情。
简析：含定语从句。
89. She even enjoys watching television before going to bed.
她甚至喜欢在上床睡觉前看电视。
简析：含分词及动名词。
90. The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.
衡量一个人真正品质的标准是看如果他知道他不会被别人发现的情况下他会做些什么事。
简析：表语从句中还含有虚拟语气。
91.Thirty years after being introced to McCauley’s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.
在我知道玛考雷名言三十年后，它对我来说仍是最好的人生准则，因为这句名言给我们提供了一种衡量我们自己而不是他人的方法。
简析：关键词introce引见，例：Let me introce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting让我给你说说品酒的乐趣。
92. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions.
我们当中很少有人被要求作出关于国家进行战争，军队进行战斗的重大决定，但我们每天都要求作出很多个人的决定。
简析：含动名词的所有格形式。
93. Here’s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.
有一个家伙，就这样走进一家银行，擅自拿走这么多钱。
简析：help oneself to擅自拿走。
94. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station.
托德想起自己的难处，他曾设法搞一大笔钱，他需要这笔钱来开办他的加油站。
简析：夹杂两个定语从句。
95. Don’t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford car.
不要搭载陌生人，加油站所有的工作人员最好不要为一辆白色福特牌小汽车服务。
简析：关键词folks，加油站的工作人员。
96. “Fill her up”, the man said sounding like any other driver.
“给车加油”那个男人说，听起来(这个劫匪)就好像是其他任何一名司机。
简析：关键词sound like 听起来像…
97. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.
看来对他来说没有合适的工作。
简析：关键词suitable适合的。
98. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.
但当约翰和他的战友们出现时，一些观看的人们禁不住嘲笑那个在行进中不能同步的那个人(约翰)。
简析：句子结构较复杂，关键词keep pace with 与…步伐一致。
99. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.
他们不仅使人们在晚上睡觉困难，而且他们损害我们历史名胜的房子和商店。
简析：句型结构not only…but (also) …不仅…而且…
100. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.
也攻读生物学的哈利说他们要制造尽可能大的噪音来迫使政府官员们认识到大家正不得不忍受的东西。
简析：句型结构as...as possible尽可能地……
Ⅲ 如何克服高考英语阅读理解中的长难句障碍
如何克服高考英语阅读理解中的长难句障碍高考英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章，原汁原昧”，考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么，这些 阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢？除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂，搀 杂了大量的长、难句。句法掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪，影响其对短文内容的理解。 试看从 NMET2001 E 篇择选的一长句： When a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a tan say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa． 该句后半句实际上包含有四个宾语从句和一个状语从句，hear 后跟宾语从句，省略引导词(that)，这个 宾语从句中动词 say 又带了一个由(that) 引导的分宾语从句。 而这个宾语从中动词 know 又带了一个仍由(hat) 引导的分宾语从句，这个分宾语从句中有一个 until 引导的时间状语从句．句中分词 asking 作状语，后又接 了一个 if 引导的宾语从句，五个从句盘根错节。令人眼花缭乱。 再如 NMET2002 D 篇中第二段最后一句： He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill，in Bedfordshire，and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773． 此句长达 65 个单词，结构比较复杂，句中包括一个并列句、两处并列谓语、三个宾语从句、一个状语 从句。外加插入成分。在并列句中，but 把前后两个分句连接起来，前一个分中有 found out 和 thought 两个 并列谓语．后一个分句中有一个 until 导的时间状语从句，该时间状语从句中已有 came across 和 learnt 两个 并列谓语。 其实，再复杂的复合句，只要能恰当地运用句法知识进性结构和功能分析，就可突破其含义，准确地 理解短文大意，获取重要信息。 一、抓住结构引导词分析其长难句结构和功能 任何一个复杂长句都不外乎由一个或多个并列结构和复合句构成。并列结构一般有连词 and，but，or 等连接；复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句) 三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词，找出这些引导词就能分析 出复合句的完整句子结构，清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。表示目的： so that，for the purpose that，in order that 等；表示结果：so…that…，such…that…，as a result，therefore， thus 等；表示条件：if，on condition that，unless 等；表示原因：because，since，as 等。 【例 l】 Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better．(NMETl995 C 篇) 析：这是一个含有 that 引导的表语从句的复合句。并且表语从句后接了 which 引导的非限制性定语从 句。非限制性定语从句内有 not only…but also…连接的并列结构。句意：噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就 是没有必要使用消声器．这不仅减轻了轿车的重量。而且使发动机耗油更少，运转更好。 【例 2】 even have different words for some tools, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in We the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming， while he upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating． (NMET2001D 篇) 析：whether…or…表示判断选择的搭配结构，which 引出定语从句，指代前文中的事实，that 引出同 位语从句，while 引出状语从旬，表示对比。句意：我们甚至用不同的词语来表示食物，特别是肉类，取决 于它们是否还在田问里，还是即将就厨。这表明撒可逊农民干的是农活而上层的诺曼人干的是吃喝。 【例 3】A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car， the owner， have to pay for any damage done to the car， as you even if your dog has been killed in the accident． (NMETl997 C 篇) 析：该句前半部分 explain 接 what 引导的宾语从句：后半部分对此进行具体解释，其中，在主句前后 各有一个 if 导的条件状语从句和 even if 引导的让步状语从句。 the owner 是插入语。 as 句意： 一个瑞典 Kennel 俱乐部的官员解释了这项(法律)的含义，如果你的狗跑到公路上被汽车撞了。作为主人。即使你的狗被撞 死了，你也要为被撞坏的汽车做出赔偿。 【例 4】First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head， and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize SO dearly won．(2005 全国 I 卷 E 篇) 析：全句是由 and 连接的两个并列分句，在前半句中含有 which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰整个主 句．在定语从句中，means 后接宾语从句，意为“首先，我必在叶丛中找到红的西红柿，这意味着我差不多 要倒立了”。在后半句中 once found 为一省略 they are 的时状语从句。主句中 reach，pick，withdraw 为并列 谓语动词，意为“一旦发现，我必须伸手到底下摘西红柿，然后缩回来，而不把用这么昂贵的方式得来的 奖品弄丢”。 【例 5】 is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers， It although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when an e-mail is introced，the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely e to the increased use of the Internet． 析： 此句夹杂较复杂的句型结构。 although 引导的让步状语从句中， 主干部分为 just about anyone can tell you that…在 that 引导的宾语从句中又含有 when 引导的时间状语从句。句意：由于因特网的使用。计算机 所使用的纸张的数量是很难衡量的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人都能告诉你。当引进电子邮件后，打 印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于越来越多的使用因特网。 【例 6】 Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundlesor struggling with their ballalators through the circle, These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for tings and ideas that we simply can't think of． 析：后句包含两个定语从句，一个是由 which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰 words；一个是由 that 引导 的定语从句修饰 things and ideas。该句意为：这些字是我编造的，必定代表我们没有想到的事物和主意。 二、抓主干、剔从句 抓主干、 一个句子的支架就是句中的谓语动词。根据英语中五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、宾语、表语 等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则一目了然易于理解。一些长句其实就是一个由主句 和若干个状语从句组成的一个多层次主从复合句，一定要搞清主句和状语从句之间的逻辑关系，只要把逻 辑关系搞清楚了，则长难句就好对付了。如果把各个从句剔出来单独理解，再把大意拼凑起来，构成整个 长句的意思，就可降低长句的理解难度。如： 【例 1】 One tiny 9 inch-plant bought for $ 1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. (2005 全国 I 卷 E 篇) 析： 句子主干部分为 one tiny 9-inch plant has already taken over much of my rose bed and…。 bought 短语、 covering 短语分别作定语和状语。句意：一个在春天时花$1．25 买的九英寸植物已经接管了我的玫瑰苗圃， 覆盖了我的其他植物。正在向前门发展。 【例 2】Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention． (2005 全国 I 卷 D 篇 1 析：句子主干部分为 Lewis found that…，在 that 引导的宾语从句中，含有两个 who 引导的定语从句。 修饰 the oldest child 和 the youngest。句意：莱温斯发现在有三、四个孩子的家庭里，晚餐的谈话焦点往往 是年龄最大和最小的孩子。最大的总是有许多的东西要说，而最小的则需要最多的关照。 【例 3】 Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.. (NMET2002 春招 D 篇) 析：第一个 that 引出宾语从句，第二个 that 引出定语从句。第三个 that 引出同位语从句。句意：Pasteur 发现 (宾语从句) 在酒发酵之后，再加温几分钟，能杀死残留在酒中的酵母(定语从句)，其结果能使酒的保 鲜时间更长(同位语从句。 【例 4】 What Winter knows of the 19-year-old boy who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation．(NMET2002 春招 E 篇) 析：在这个句子中，what 引出主语从句。who 引出定语从句，is 后用 that 引出两个并列表语从句。句 意：关于那个救了他的命的 19 岁的人 (定语从句) winter 知道的仅仅是，(主语从句) 他死于一场车祸(表语 从句 1)，他的家人尊重他的意愿把他的器官捐献出来，用于移植(表语从句 2)。 【例 5】 First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able t study at the Ecole polytechnique. (NMET2003C 篇) 析：句子主干部分为 the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，过去分词短语 put forward by…作状语，现在分词短语 including…作定语，短语中含有两个由 wh0 引导的定语从句。句意： 这个定理．先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难。包括一位法国女科 学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习曾女扮男装。 三、抓关键词 关键词即为含有句子主要意思的关键信息，抓住关键词读者可以快速抓住该句大意和理解线索。 【例 1】 Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the program and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet，whether it be cat, dog or snake! (NMET2003C 篇) 析：关键词：fans…爱好者．whether…or…无论是……还是……句意：来自动物医院(这个电视节目)的故 事(这本书)，将使这个电视节目的爱好者以及对无论是猫、狗还是蛇这类宠物有浓厚兴趣的任何人感到高 兴。 【例 2】After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure． 析：句中含两个分词短语，关键词 state“表明”。句意：在他们逗留之后。所有的游客都会收到一份生 存证明记录他们的成功．也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时，他们会得到一份证明．表明他们曾尝试过冒 险。
Ⅳ 英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧
英梁宽伍语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧
一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。分析长难句的基本方法是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句;然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的橡或处理技巧。
一、处理长难句的原则方法
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。具巧敏体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义;然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。注意，弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。
另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内(如在参加考试时)将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。
二、经典高考真题实例分析
下面这篇文章共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。
A 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.
【解题分析】
1. 跳读插入语：请看文章第一段的'第一句。第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干：Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最偏僻的岛屿);第二步理解附加的插入语部分：a 38-square-mile island(该岛面积为38平方英里，而且这是吉尼斯记录之一)，这样该句话的意思就弄明白了。
2. 跳读非谓语动词短语：我们来看第一段第三句。首先跳过前面的非谓语动词短语，找出主干：the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (该岛是英国领土，人口大约几千)。然后再来理解前面的非谓语动词短语：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810(这个岛屿是在1506年被一个名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海军上将发现的，Tristan da Cunha1810年开始有人居住)。通过这样分解难度，我们读得轻松，理解得准确。
3. 跳读分隔现象：请看文章第二段，这一段有35个单词，却只有一句话。因为该段既包括了分隔现象，又包含了定语从句，又有一个同位语，而且该句还是一个倒装句。如果从前到后按照顺序来理解，未免有点繁杂，抓不住重点。所以首先要跳过两个分隔符号之间的内容，同时也要暂时搁置后面的非限制性定语从句，找出主干并把主干重新倒置过来变成正常语序：Easter Island is coming in a close second(Easter Island is coming in a close secondEaster Island是紧跟第二的最偏僻的岛屿);然后再理解分隔符号之间的内容和后面的定语从句等附加成分：Easter Island 常常被误认为是最偏僻的岛屿，它在最临近的岛屿(Pitcairn Island)东面1,260英里，在南美西面2,300英里。
4. 跳读定语从句：定语从句在阅读理解中是很常见的，有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句用来限定所修饰的词，与之关系非常密切，阅读时要特别注意两者的密切联系，跳过限制性定语从句找到主句后要马上回头理解它的含义，确定它与先行词的修饰关系。如文章第三段的第一个句子里就有一个限制性定语从句：who were lost at sea. 阅读时一定要注意它与people的密切联系：不是别人而是在大海里迷路的人五世纪左右在那里定居。而非限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系不是很密切，主要起补充说明作用，它可能出现在主句中间，也可能出现在句尾。如果它出现在句中，阅读时可以跳过去然后再来理解，也可以一起顺便读过去。如果非限制性定语从句出现在句尾，那阅读时很方便，看完主句后附带着看一下就可以了，因为它只是对先行词的补充说明。如这一段的最后一句：for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我们得知该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年，使得岛上的人们有充足的时间来修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附带得知该岛以这些石雕而闻名。
Ⅳ 求高考英语疑难句翻译资料
08年高考英语阅读长难句解析
1.Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.
(NMET2008全国 ll D篇)
译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得•巴恩斯教授说道：“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。
简析：第一个句子中有一个宾语从句，宾语从句中有一过去分词短语found in cocoa作定语，还有一个非限制性定语从句；第二个句子中有一个定语从句。
实例： 53.According to Professor Barnes，theobromine______.
A.cannot be as effective as codeine
B.can be harmful to people’s health
C.cannot be separated from chocolate
D.can be a more effective cure for coughs
2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth’s surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth’s surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet.(NMET 2008 江苏卷B篇)
简析：句子中含有两个定语从句，这是解题的关键。 either ...or连结的是并列结构。
译文：来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面，这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。在到达低层大气的能量中，有30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖。
实例： 60.Only a small part of the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface because most of it is______.
A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere
B.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere
C.lost in the upper and lower atmosphere
D.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes
3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.
(NMET 2008 山东卷D篇)
简析：第一句中夹杂有一个结果状语从句，又有复杂主语。主语的中心语为The response，其后的to her request for help为后置定语，第二句是由and并列的两个简单句，其中第二句中承前省略了主语kids FACE。
译文：人们对她请求帮助的反应如此强烈以至于波建立了一个为了更洁净环境的孩子的组织。现在这个组织在全世界有300，000名成员，并且它是世界上最大的青少年环保组织。
实例：72.Kids F.A.C.E is______.
A.a program to help students with writing
B.a project of litter recycling
C.a campaign launched by President Bush
D.a club of environmental protection
73.What can we learn about Poe?
A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.
B.She donated billboard across the country.
C.She got positive responses for her efforts
D.She joined the National Park Service.
4.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同龄人) group.(NMET 2008 辽宁卷C篇)
简析：夹杂定语从句和形式宾语结构。
译文：对他来说，不关心自己的学习是一种酷的标志的原因之一是受到他的同龄人的影响。
实例： 64.Why did Tom give up studying?
A.He disliked his teachers.
B.His parents no longer supported him.
C.It’s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.
D.There were too many subjects in his secondary school.
5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重庆卷E篇)
简析：句子中夹杂着固定短语，v-ing式作主语，复杂主语，v-ing式作结果状语以及定语从句。
译文：无穷尽的选择给人们的生活带来了无尽的烦恼。买像咖啡壶这样最基本的东西也不是那么简单了。对许多人而言，面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼花了乱、不知所措，结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆而去，或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品。
实例：73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?
A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable proct.
B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.
C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.
D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.
6.As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had “seven fathers，” because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her.Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books.Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.(NMET 2008天津卷A篇)
简析：第一句主干结构为she felt like ...because ...，句首内容为状语，because从句中有一个插入成份。第二句中v-ing作状语表原因。第三句主干结构为：she didn’t ...because ...。
译文：作为家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩，她常常有一种感觉，就是她拥有“七个父亲”，原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父亲都想控制她。由于羞怯和觉得无地位的缘故，她总是埋头苦读。尽管她酷爱读书，可是在小学她的成绩不佳，因为她太害羞而不能积极地参与。
实例：36.Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?
A.She had seven brothers.
B.She felt herself a nobody.
C.She was too shy to go to school.
D.She did not have any good teachers.
7.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Or，in summer，they may think it is the heat.However，the real reason lies inside their bodies.At that time —about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.
(NMET 2008 四川卷C篇)
简析：句中夹杂两个宾语从句，一个时间状语从句和一个what引导的表语从句。
译文：他们可能认为吃午饭是他们困乏的原因。或者在夏天，他们可能认为是炎热的缘故。然而，真正的原因在于他们身体的内部。在那时，也就是说，在你醒来大约八个小时之后，你的体温开始呈下降的趋势。这就是使你行动迟缓并且感到困乏的原因。
实例：44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?
A.They eat too much for lunch.
B.They sleep too little at night.
C.Their body temperature becomes lower.
D.The weather becomes a lot warmer.
8.These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills，while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先)，among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt，according to one research.(NMET 2008陕西卷E篇)
简析：第一句中包含一个that引导的同位语从句，在其中又有一个that引导的定语从句，还有一介词 + 关系代词(among whom)引导的定语从句。注意more women之后省去了与前半句中相同的take up jobs that require ...。
译文：大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实：更多的男性从事空间技能的工作，而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作。这种现象也可以追溯到我们的祖先时代，据一项研究表明，在他们当中，女性做的是照看孩子这样的需要语言技能的工作，男性做的是像狩猎这样的需要空间技能的工作。
实例：59.Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?
A.Young boys may be stronger than young girls.
B.More women take up jobs requiring speech skills
C.Women may have stronger feelings than men.
D.Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.
9.In those days，IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it.However，a lot of IP，including songs，films，books and artwork，can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet.(NMET2008江西卷D篇)
简析：句中有since引导的原因状语从句，v-ing式作定语(including ...)和状语(without paying .../using the Internet)。
译文：在那个时代，知识产权很容易受到保护，因为不付费想得到知识产权是很困难的。然而，现在许多知识产权包括歌曲、电影、书籍和艺术品通过使用因特网都可以免费下载。
实例： 69.What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?
A.It makes IP rights harder to protect.
B.It sells songs and films.
C.It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.
D.It prevents the proction of artwork.
70.According to paragraph 2，what has “taken the world by storm”?
A.Intellectual property rights.
B.The Internet.
C.Free downloading.
D.The large number of songs，films and books.
10.The busier we are，the more important we seem to ourselves and，we imagine，to others.To be unavailable to our friends and family，and to be unable to find time to relax—this has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷D篇)
简析：句中有“The + 比较级，the + 比较级”的结构，还有复杂的不定式结构。
译文：我们越忙，对我们自己而言，而且我们也以为在其他人看来，我们越重要。我们无空帮助朋友，找不到时间照顾家庭，找不到自己放松的时间，这已经成为了成功生活的模式。
实例：74.According to Paragraph 4，a successful person is one who is believed to ____ .
A.be able to work without stress
B.be more talented than other people
C.be more important than anyone else
D.be busy working without time to rest
11.The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancer—people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑)，for example—are more likely to use sunscreen.As a result，it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.(NMET 2008福建卷E篇)
简析：第一句的主体结构为：The research said that ...is that they failed to ...，其中第一个that引导一个宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有一个倒装结构，其中主语为that they often ...的一个主语从句，表语为among the problems with ...。破折号间内容为插入语。
译文：研究员们说，早期研究带来的问题之一是他们没有考虑到那些最有可能患皮肤癌人，比如皮肤白皙和有雀斑的人。可是皮肤白皙的和有雀斑的人最有可能使用防晒剂，结果是好像防晒剂的使用者患皮肤癌更常见。
实例：73.People with fair skin and freckles______.
A.seldom use sunscreen
B.are more in danger of skin cancer
C.can be free from the harm of the sun
D.often expose themselves to the sun
12.Yocum and Bell，who have just completed an art gallery for the city，feel that the experience from decoration of their building，focusing on the inside rather than the outside，has influenced their work.It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less.(NMET 2008湖南卷B篇)
简析：该句中有一个who引导的定语从句，两个宾语从句(分别由that及how引导)，v-ing式作定语。第一句的主体结构为：Yocum and Bell feel that the experience has influenced their work。
译文：刚刚为这座城市建成艺术画廊的约克姆和贝尔，确切感受到装饰他们自己的房子中获得的经验，也就是说，把装饰的注意力放在房子的里面而不是外面对他们的工作产生了影响。同时这使这两位建筑师有了一次机会去展示他们是如何以较少的钱做更多的事。
实例：63.It can be inferred from the passage that Yocum and Bell______.
A.benefited a lot from pulling down the roof
B.turned more old buildings into art galleries
C.got inspiration from decorating their old building
D.paid more attention to the outside of the gallery
Ⅵ 英语in a time怎么翻译
阅读是英语考试的重中之重，对英语阅读中的长难句理解是攻克阅读的有效方法。本文将着重讲解高考英语阅读真题中的长难句，希望提高大家阅读能力。
长难句解题思路
1. 首先寻找连词：连词包含并列连词，从属连词和关系词，并且依据连词将长句划分成短句；
2. 依据五大句型基本结构，判断短句的句子成分。注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词（现在分词，动名词，过去分词，不定式），明确句子的谓语动词，剥离定语，状语，从而确定句子的基本结构。
第1句：时间状语从句，定语从句
When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.
长句分析：
(1) when 引导的是时间状语从句;
(2) he had seen: 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语，因此省略了关系代词that。注意：先行词为不定代词everything时，关系代词不可使用Which；
(3) to the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语；
(4) describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;
长句翻译:当他回来时，这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。
第2句：目的状语从句，宾语从句
The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
长句分析：
(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句，so 前面的句子是主句，that 后面的句子是目的状语从句；
(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语，it 是指示代词， 指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语；
(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;
(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法；
长句翻译：机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序，这样它才能知道它要做什么。
第3句：定语从句
The company Jackie chose planned to employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.
长句分析：
(1) 并列连词but 链接了两并列句,前面一个句子为复合句;
(2) Jackie chose: 是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词company的,由于定语从句中缺少宾语,所以该定语从句省略了关系代词that/which;
(3) choose: 选择；选取；挑选；决定;过去式:chose, 过去分词:chosen;
(4) plan to do something: 计划做某事;
(5) more than + 数量词: 超过,多余,相当于over;
(6) apply for : 提出申请；申请…职位；请求;
长句翻译:杰基选择的那家公司只打算雇用一个人，但有二十多个人申请了这份工作。
第4句：定语从句
Around this time, I started playing in a band with a Chinese man who became one of my best friends in Beijing.
长句分析：
（1）who引导了一个定语从句，修饰先行词a Chinese man;
（2）around : 大约, Around this time的大约这个时候;
（3） start doing something: 开始做某事;
长句翻译:大约在这个时候，我开始和一个中国人在一个乐队里演奏，他成了我在北京最好的朋友之一。
第5句：条件状语从句
I will tell you about it if no water is spilt when you reach here.
长句分析：
（1）主句是I will tell you about it， if 引导条件状语从句，when引导时间状语从句；
（2）tell somebody something = tell something to somebody: 告诉某人某事；
（3）spill: 溢出，涌出，蜂拥而出。过去式：spilt/spilled; 过去分词：spilt/spilled;
现在分词：spilling
长句翻译:如果你到这儿时没有水溅出来，我会告诉你的。
第6句：结果状语从句
The crocodile noticed that accident, so down he dived, and brought it up in his huge mouth.
长句分析：
(1) so 前后链接的两个句子表示因果关系，前面是因，后面是果；
(2) down he dived : 是将副词down 提到了主语的前面，用于强调down;
(3) dive: 猛冲；(头朝下)跳入水中；
(4) bring something up: 养育，抚养，养大；谈及；提出；呕吐；咳出；
长句翻译:鳄鱼注意到了这个意外，于是他潜了下去，用大嘴把它带上来。
第7句：原因状语从句，宾语从句，比较状语从句
Frost thinks kids don`t find the experience of being taught by smart machine as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones.
长句分析：
（1）because引导了一个原因状语从句，前面为主语，后面为从句；
（2）thinks 后面是宾语从句，该宾语从句省略了引导词that;
（3）as strange as: 引导了比较状语从句，第一个as 前面是主句，第二个as和后面是从句；
（4）在宾语从句kids don`t find , find 是谓语， the experience of … 是宾语且核心词是experience, strange是宾语补足语；
（5）Of being taught : being taught 是动名词的被动语态，做介词Of的宾语，因为孩子是被智能机器教，因此使用倍动态；
（6）in a time of : 在原因状语从句中充当grown up的时间状语。
词汇语法解析：
（1）find + somebody/something + 形容词：发现/认为/觉得 某人/某怎么样。形容词为宾语补足语，和宾语somebody/something 构成了复合宾语：
find the book interesting: 觉得这本书很有趣；
（2）动名词的被动语态：being done
The boy missed being hurt by the car.
这个男孩避免了被车伤到；
（3）grow up: 长大；
（4）in a time of : 在…时期
句子翻译：
Frost认为孩子们不像老人那样觉得被智能机器教导的经历和奇怪，因为他们生长在一个手机和电脑都很普及的时代。
第8句：非限定性定语从句
She and a group friends are using their program skill to create a new app called Food of Thought , which will allow parents, students and even kind-hearted strangers to donate money to lunch accounts for students who are in a nearby school.
长句分析：
（1）首先寻找连词，关系代词which引导了一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Food of Thought . 因此which前面是主句，which后面是从句；
（2）在which引导的定语从句中,who 是关系代词，引导定语从句修饰先行词students， 并且在定语从句中做主语；
（3）在which引导的定语从句, which 是主语，allow 是谓语，to donate 是宾语补足语；
（4）在主句中出现三个动词 using, create, called, 需要区分谓语动词和非谓语动词。Using是谓语动词，to create是动词不定式做宾语补足语，Called 是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰app;
重点词汇语法解析：
（1）donate: 赠送；献（血）；捐献（器官）;捐款，捐赠；
donation : 名词形式
donate something to somebody/something : 将…捐献给某人/某物；
（2）过去分词短语做后置定语：表示被动
a book written by Moyan :一本由莫言写的书；
a shopping mall opened last month: 一个上个月开张的购物商场；
（3）allow：允许
allow doing sth （allow to do 不正确）
allow sb to do sth
（4） kind-hearted: 仁慈的；善良的；宽容的；好心的;
（5）account：帐户；帐目；描述，报告；解释，说明；
open an account: 开银行账户；
keep detailed account: 记明细账；
He gave a detailed account of what happen on that night.
他详细的描述了那天晚上发生的事。
（6）account for :
（a）(数量，比例上)占…
Computer accounts for 5% of expense.
电脑占据开支的5%。
（b）说明，解释（原因，理由）
I can't account for why it happened.
我不能解释这件事为什么发生了。
长句翻译：
她和一群朋友正在利用他们的程序技巧，开发一款名为“思想食物”的新应用程序，该应用程序将允许家长、学生甚至善良的陌生人向附近学校学生的午餐账户捐款。
第9句：时间状语从句
Bees are now in danger and its number is going down every year largely because of human activity, while a third of the world's food proction depends on this yellow and dark insect and other pollinators .
长句分析：
（1）首先寻找连词：and, while
（2）while 作为连词有两个作用，一是并列连词，表示转折，翻译成“然而”，二是从属连词，引导时间状语从句，翻译成“当…的时候”。根据题意可知，此时while 为并列连词；
（3）此长句的前半部分是由and连接的两个并列句，前半部分主语+系统词 + 介词短语构成的主系表结构，后半部分是现在进行时；because of 为介词短语做原因状语
重要词汇语法解析：
（1）in danger ：垂危；处于危险中；处于危险之中；
（2）go down ：下降；下沉；下降，降低；消退
（3）because of ：因为，由于；
（4）proction ：生产，产量；
（5）depend on ：依靠
it all depends: 看情况
（6） a third ：三分之一， two thirds ：三分之二：英语中分数由两部分组成”基数词 + 序数词”，当基数词大于1时，序数词要使用复数形式；
长句翻译：蜜蜂现在正处于危险之中，它的数量每年都在下降，这主要是由于人类的活动，而世界上三分之一的粮食产量都依赖于这种黄色和深色的昆虫和其他授粉者。
第10句：定语从句
In 1767, the British introced new laws that increased the prices of all goods which were brought into America .
长句分析：
（1）首先寻找连词：that, which
（2）that 引导了定语从句，修饰先行词laws ，并且that 在定语从句中充当主语的成分；
（3）which 引导了定语从句，修饰先行词all goods, 并且which 在定语从句中做主语。注意：该定语从句是被动语态，系动词使用复数形式were， 是因为和先行词all goods 保持主谓一致；
（4）introce: 介绍， 采纳，发起；
长句翻译：1767年，英国实行了新的法律，提高了所有带入美国的商品的价格。
第11句：原因状语从句，宾语从句
As the family have picked up the new lifestyle, they find that they can spend more time talking over meals, playing sports and doing all kinds of activities together.
长句分析：
（1）首先寻找连词：as, that；
（2）as 放在句首引导原因状语从句，从句后面是主句；
（3）在主句中，they 是主语，find是谓语动词，that引导宾语从句，做find的 宾语；
（4）在宾语从句中, can spend是符合谓语，time为宾语， talking, playing, doing 是由三个动名词构成的并列宾语补足语；
重点词汇解析：
（1）as可以引导愿意状语从句，翻译成“因为，由于”，语气没有because强烈，是对主句的一个附加说明，主句和从句之间没有必然的因果关系；
（2）pick up: 学会，养成；
（3）lifestyle: 生活方式；
（4）spend time (in) doing something ;
spend time on something :
花费时间做某事；
（5） all kinds of : 各种各样的
长句翻译：随着这个家庭开始接受新的生活方式，他们发现他们可以花更多的时间边吃饭边聊天，一起运动，一起做各种活动。
第12句：原因状语从句，定语从句
Those who choose to be happy must help others to find happiness , as the happiness of each has something to do with the happiness of all.
长句分析：
（1） 首先寻找连词：who, as；
（2） as 引导原因状语从句，as 前面的句子是主句；
（3）在主句中，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those, 并且在定语从句中充当主；
（4）Must help 是主句的符合谓语，others 是宾语，to find happiness 是宾语补足语 ；
重点词汇解析：
（1）choose to do something: 选择做某事；
（2）help somebody ( to ) do something : 帮助某人做某事，to可以省略；
（3）happiness: 幸福；
（4）have something to do with : 和…有关系；
have nothing to do with: 和…无关系；
长句翻译：选择快乐的人必须帮助别人找到幸福，因为每个人的幸福都与所有人的幸福有关。
第13句：宾语从句
A survey made by Nelsen last year showed that kids are using mobile phone even before they got into their teens.
长句分析：
首先找出连词,有that, before ;
（1）that 引导宾语从句，做动词showed 的宾语。在此宾语从句中,before 引导时间状语从句，before前面是that宾语从句的主句；
（2）a survey 是整个复合句的主语，其中 made by Nelsen last year是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰survey；
重点词汇解析：
（1）survey : 调查；信息反馈；问卷调查;
（2）get into : 进入；穿上；成癖；陷于......；
（3）teens: 青少年；十多岁；青少年读物（13到19岁之间）
长句翻译：尼尔森去年做的一项调查显示，孩子们甚至在十几岁之前就开始使用手机。
第14句：强调句型，定语从句
Most of the time, it is not the problem you meet with but your reaction to the problem that creates the mess in your life.
长句分析：
（1）本句是一个强调句型，将it is , that去掉，重新组合句子：
Not the problem you meet with but your reaction to the problem creates the mess in your life.
（2）not ….but, 不是…而是…， 引导并列主语，the problem 和 your action to the problem ; creates 是谓语动词， the mess是宾语；
（3）you meet with 是一个定语从句修饰先行词problem,该定语从句省略了关系词that/which；
重点词汇语法解析：
（1）强调句型的结构：
It is(was) + 被强调的部分 + that(who) + 其他剩余部分。
该句型可以用来强调主语，宾语，状语，但是不可以强调谓语；
（2）强调句型判断标准：
去掉it is(was), that(who), 句子仍然是一个完整的句子。
（3）not…but…：不是…而是…: 链接两个并列主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则
Not you but I am wrong.
不是你错了，而是我错了。系动词使用am,依据I 来确定的；
（4）meet with: 遭遇，偶尔遇到；
（5） mess: 脏乱，不整洁，困境；
长句翻译：大多数时候，造成生活混乱的不是你遇到的问题，而是你对问题的反应。
第15句：宾语从句，让步状语从句，时间状语从句
She says although she always heard about bullying when she was in primary school, she never thought it would happen.
长句分析：
（1）本题是一个复合句，says是复合句的谓语动词，后面所有的部分都是says的宾语从句；
（2）该宾语从句也是一个复合句，其中although引导了让步状语从句，该状语从句中又包含了when引导了时间状语从句（3）宾语从句的主句是she never thought it would happen.其中it would happen 也是一个宾语从句，做谓语动词thought的宾语。
重点词汇解析：
（1）although 不可以和but连用，但是可以和yet, still 连用；
（2）hear about: 听说；
（3）bully: 恐吓；胁迫；伤害;
（4）primary school:小学
长句翻译：她说虽然她在小学的时候就听说过欺凌，但她从未想过会发生这种事。
第16句：让步状语从句，定语从句
Although happiness is a door that is always open, we are the ones who have to decide if we are going to walk through the door.
长句分析：
（1）although 引导让步状语从句；在该从句中that引导了一个定语从句，修习先行词a door, 并且在定语从句中充当主语的成分；
（2）在主句中，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones，并且在定语从句中充当主语的成分；
（3）在定语从句who have to decide中，if引导宾语从句，做decide宾语；
长句翻译：虽然幸福是一扇永远敞开的门，但我们是决定是否要走进这扇门的人。
第17句：宾语从句，强调句型
He suddenly realized that in the past it was his laziness that made him poor and unhappy
长句分析：
1. Realized是主句的谓语动词，后面的that是一个宾语从句；
2. That引导的宾语从句是一个强调句型：去掉it wash…that…, 宾语从句的正常语序为his laziness made him poor and unhappy；
重要词汇语法解析：
1. suddenly ：突然；忽然；猛然；骤然；
2. realize: 实现；意识到；领悟；理解；
3. laziness: 懒惰；
4. make + somebody + 形容词：使某人处于某种状态。形容词为宾语somebody的宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明
5. 强调句型的结构：
It is(was) + 被强调的部分 + that(who) + 其他剩余部分。该句型可以用来强调主语，宾语，状语，但是不可以强调谓语；
6. 强调句型判断标准：去掉it is(was), that(who), 句子仍然是一个完整的句子。
长句翻译：他意识到是他的懒惰使他过去贫穷不快乐。x数时候，不是你遇到的问题，而是你对问题的反应造成了你生活中的混乱。
第18句：宾语从句，定语从句，条件状语从句
The strangers were good at judging if the person they were looking at was tired, and if they were sleepy, their attractiveness score was low.
长句分析：
1. 首先寻找此长句中的连词：if, and。And前后为句子，因此and 链接了两个并列句；
2. 第一个if引导了宾语从句，充当judging的宾语，If 翻译成是否。且在此宾语从句中嵌套了一个定语从句they were looking at,该定语从句修饰先行词the person, 该定语从句缺少宾语，省略了关系词whom;
3. 第二个if引导的是条件状语从句，翻译成“如果”,主句为后面的their attractiveness score was low。
4. 注意：第二个if 并不是引导宾语从句，做judging的宾语。原因如下：如果if是judging的宾语从句，那么从The strangers到sleepy 是一个句子， 后面的their attractiveness score was low.是另一个句子，两个独立的句子之间应该使用并列连词链接。可是此处并没有连词，因此第二个If不是judging的宾语从句；
重点词汇 解析：
1. be good at: 擅长；
2. judge: 判断；
3. attractiveness：吸引力；魅力；吸引性；
长句翻译：陌生人善于判断对方是否累了，如果困了，他们的吸引力得分就很低。
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Ⅶ 高考英语经典长难句的分析(2)
8.One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time wasattemptingto rebuild the Roman Empire.
【句式翻译】历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。
【句式分析】本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。
【词语点拨】attempt v.& n.尝试，试图
William attempted to find the solution to the problem.
威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。
He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.
他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。
【语法点拨】过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如：
What was he writing all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在写什么?
My brother fell while hewas ridinghis bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。
9. The last few years have seen environmentaldisasterson a grand scale, andexperts are predicting far worse to come.
【句式翻译】最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时。
【词语点拨】on a grand scale大规模地，大张旗鼓地
We should popularize scienceona grand scale.
我们应该大规模普及科学。
【语法点拨】现在完成时的构成：has/have done，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now,so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：
Wehave bookeda roomfor today and tomorrow.
我们已经预订了今天和明天的房间。
The househas been emptyfor ages.
这幢房子已经空了相当长时间了。(现在仍空着)
10. In the last few decades, scientists havereachedconsensusand reported that human beings are causing changes inthe Earth’s climate -- something previously seen asbeyondour control.
【句式翻译】最近几十年，科学家们达成共识并报道说，人类正在引起地球的气候变化—而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句，主句中运用了现在完成时。
【词语点拨】1) reach (a) consensus 达成共识，达成一致意见
It is very difficult for them toreach a consensuson this issue.
他们在这个问题上很难取得一致意见。
2) beyond prep. 超过;越过;在…较远的一边
The delay was caused by heavy weather and wasbeyond our control.
延迟是由恶劣天气造成的，我们无法控制。
The beauty of the scene wasbeyond compare.
景色之美无与伦比。
Linda always wondered what wasbeyond the horizon.
琳达总是纳闷着地平线的那一边是什么。
【语法点拨】现在完成时，具体用法第10句。
11. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites havealso beendevelopedand in thelast five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings andabout the same number from snakebites.
【句式翻译】治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。
【词语点拨】develop v.开发，发展，研制(新产品)
Over the last few years tourism here hasdevelopedconsiderably.
在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。
The two companies have teamed up todevelopa new racing car.
那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。
【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/havebeen done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now,so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：
The office looks nice. Ithas just been cleaned.
办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。
The machinehas been repairedfor two hours.
这台机器已修了两小时了。
12. Adverts are not only made and paid for bybusiness, but also by indivials, organizations and associations that wish toinformor ecate the public. 广告不仅【句式翻译】广告可由商家付费制作，也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。
【句式分析】本句是由并列连词not only…but also连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了一般现在时的被动语态。
【词语点拨】inform vt. 通知 ，告知;构成短语：inform sb of sth 通知 某人某事
I shallinform yousoonofthe date of my arrival.
我将把我到达的日期通知你。
I regret toinform you thatI am unable to help you.
我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。
【语法点拨】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done。表示“现在经常性、习惯性的动作，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。
A lot of foodis wastedeveryyear.
每年浪费掉很多食物。
Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gasesare sent intothe air with the smoke. 数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。
13. Margaret,marriedwith two small children, has been working for the last seven years as anight cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.
【句式翻译】玛格丽特，已婚，带着两个孩子，七年来一直在做清洁工，晚上给一座大楼里的办公室打扫卫生。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了现在完成进行时，包含有两个非谓语短语，marriedwith…在句中作后置定语，cleaning offices作伴随状语。
【词语点拨】marry v. (使)结婚;嫁;娶
Because of her beauty, she has managed tomarryabove her.
由于貌美，她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。
I'm sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted tomarry you.
我相信杰克说想娶你是真心的。
Theygot married toeachother against their parents’ wishes.
他俩的结合违背了各自父母的愿望。
【语法点拨】现在完成进行时的构成：has/have been doing。表示“一个动作从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去”。如：
Youhave been sittingin front of that computer too long.
你在电脑前坐的时间太长了。
No wonder he is so tired. Hehas been workingall day.
难怪他这么累，他工作一天了。
14.Ever since they were first put on the market in theearly 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed inmany countries in the world, mainly on thebasisof their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.
【句式翻译】自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。
【句式分析】本句是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，have been developed and marketed…是现在完成时的被动语态形式。
【词语点拨】basis n. 基础;构成短语：on the basis of 以……为基础
Don’t evaluate a persononthe basis ofappearance.
不要以相貌取人。
Mr. Smith goes to the gymona regular basis.
史密斯先生定期去健身房。
【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态，具体用法第11句。
15.At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front rowandlistening tothe great professorWillard talking about the future of my brain.
【句式翻译】星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授谈论大脑的未来发展。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了将来进行时，含有一个复合宾语的结构，talkingabout…在句中作宾补。
【词语点拨】listen vi. 听(后面常接介词to)
Whatever you said, he simply wouldn’tlisten.
你怎么说他也不听.
We’re going tolisten toareport this afternoon.
今天下午我们要去听报告。
【语法点拨】将来进行时的构成：will be doing，表示“将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作”。常用延续性动词,常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。如：
The ministerwill be givinga speech on international affairs.
部长将就国际事务发表演讲。
Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I’ll be havingmy classes then.
Ⅷ 高考英语长难句解析，要分析句子结构，句子意思。有什么语法
1、although
引导的让步状语从句，表示“虽然，纵然”之意。一般可与yet,
still
或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多。
2、
the
most
important
thing
是主语，about
this
new
type
of
pineapple
介词短语作定语修饰thing
，that
引导的宾语从句，we
had
known其实是省了that
的定语从句，修饰它前面的the
his-and-miss
pineapples
。