高考英语阅读理解经济类

⑴ 2018年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷 阅读题C篇「经济学人」

C

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, instrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory ecation, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?

A. They developed very fast.

B. They were large in number.

C. They had similar patterns.

D. They were closely connected.

29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？

A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？

A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.

31. What is the main idea of the text？

A. New languages will be created.

B. People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.

C. Human development results in fewer languages.

D. Geography determines language evolution.

(答案戳下方“阅读原文 ” )

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⑵ 高三英语阅读理解题训练及答案详解

高考英语试题中阅读理解占40分，是试卷中所占比例最大的一部分。考生们在复习高考英语科目时,可以多做一些试题,下面就是我给大家带来的，希望大家喜欢！下面就是我给大家带来的 高三英语 阅读理解题训练及答案详解，希望大家喜欢！

第一篇：

Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.

All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.

The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.

In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full，lessening their desire to eat or drink.

The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.

Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber ckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.

In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became the

latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch’s effect on ocean environment.

51.How did the writer introce the topic of the passage?

A. By giving an example. B. By listing the facts.

C. By telling a story. D. By giving a comparison.

52.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic procts.

B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.

C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.

D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.

53.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.

B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.

C. Because it may be from an island in the pacific.

D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.

54.Which column can you find the passage on a newspaper?

A. Sports and entertainment. B. Media and culture.

C. Environment and society. D. Science and technology.

55.The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.

A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific

B. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific

C. give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean

D. introce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch

第二篇：

Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland's volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.

WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(微小的) ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(吸入) particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.

Other experts, however, weren't convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on peoples' health and said WHO's warnings were "hysterical." They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance — like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe — its health effects are often minimal, experts say.

"Not all particles are created equal," said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, "In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful." And he said most Europeans' exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.

Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. "The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven't heard of any ill effects there," he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was "over the top" and "a bit hysterical."

60. The text is mainly about .

A. the effect of volcanic ash

B. the health risk of volcanic ash

C. the disadvantages of volcanic ash

D. the opinions on health risk of volcanic ash

61. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?

A. The volcanic ash’s effects on Europeans were little.

B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.

C. Other experts thought WTO’S warnings were useful.

D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution.

62. The underlined word “hysterical” in Paragraph4 most probably means .

A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated

63. What can we learn from the passage?

A. The volcanic ash wouldn’t be harmful to people.

B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.

C. People close to the volcano would likely be at risk according to some experts.

D. Europeans should stay indoors because Iceland's volcano starts settling.

第一篇：

51.D。推理判断题。根据第一段”Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the state of Texas.Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers.So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.”可知，作者拿得克萨斯州与大量的垃圾漂浮物进行比较，所以选D项。

52.A。细节判断题。根据第二段中的”The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.”可知，这些垃圾漂流物是塑料制品。

53.B。细节理解题。根据第五段中的”There is an increased threat of infection of

disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste.”可知受污染的塑料制品会通过食物链来影响人类。

54.C。推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，这篇 文章 最有可能出现在报纸上”环境与社会”这个栏目里。

55.D。作者意图题。本文通过介绍太平洋上漂浮的大量的塑料垃圾废物的情况，指出了它们对海洋中的生物以及人类的影响，所以D项正确。

第二篇：

60.D. 主旨大意题。本文主要就火山灰对人的健康的危害问题世卫组织和其他专家给出不同观点。A太笼统;B不能体现不同的观点;C与文章内容无关;D符合题意。

61. A. 细节理解题。第三段最后一句可知A是正确的;由第三段中During a volcanic eruption……in healthy people.可知B错误;由第三段中Other experts, however, weren't convinced…… cigarette smoke or pollution可排除C D。

62. D. 词义猜测题。由上文中volcanic ash is not all that harmful和下文中only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk可知D正确, 夸大的，言过其实的。

63.C. 由第三段 But once it falls from a greater distance….. effects are often minimal和第四段中 only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk以及第五段中 the further the particles travel, the more diluted and less dangerous they will be可知C正确。ABD观点表达绝对。

⑶ 2020年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解C

When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion enthusiast are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria.
当你想给环保人士的假日购物清单增加些什么时，你可能不会想到皮毛。但是一些生态学家和时尚发烧友们正试图恢复海狸鼠皮毛的市场。

Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur – unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
新奥尔良和布鲁克林的不同寻常时装秀展示了海狸鼠皮毛制成的不同风格的服装。“谈论没有罪恶感的皮毛听起来很疯狂——除非你知道海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地，”Righteous Fur（正义皮毛）项目总监克里·麦克里说。

Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
路易斯安那州的科学家非常担心，他们决定付给猎人每尾5美元。一些皮毛最终出现在时装秀上，比如上个月布鲁克林的时装秀。

Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species. It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
海狸鼠是皮毛农场主从阿根廷带到这里并放生的。“那里的生态系统无法应对这种非本土物种，它正在破坏环境”，这一领域的专家迈克尔·马西米说。

The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
几十年来，皮毛贸易一直控制着海狸鼠数量，但是20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场崩溃后，这些猫一样大小的动物疯狂繁殖。

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
生物学家埃德蒙·莫顿负责路易斯安那州的海狸鼠控制。他说要让人们相信海狸鼠皮是绿色的并不容易，但他对此毫无疑问。猎人们每年带来超过30万条海狸鼠尾巴，所以莫顿现在的部分工作就是推广皮毛。

Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them – I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
还有Righteous Fur和它不同寻常的时尚。模特佩奇·摩根说，“给人们一个没有罪恶感的选择，让他们可以穿着，而不用被人往身上泼油漆——我认为这将是一件大事，至少在纽约是这样。”设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认，她花了一段时间才意识到，用海狸鼠皮制作作品在道德上是可以接受的。她正尝试给海狸鼠时尚贴上环保标签。

⑷ 2020年高考英语北京卷 - 阅读理解D

Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
某些形式的AI （人工智能）确实正变得无处不在。例如，金融市场上进行大量交易的算法，出现在城市街道上的自动驾驶汽车，智能手机将一种语言翻译成另一种语言。这些系统有时比我们人类更快、更敏锐。但到目前为止，这些只适用于系统所设计的特定任务，一些AI开发者正在期待改变。

Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (A GI). In some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of A GI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we're successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
当代一些AI先驱希望从今天的“弱”或“窄”的AI世界中走出来，创造“强”或“全”的AI，也就是通常所说的A GI（人工通用智能）。在某些方面，今天强大的计算机已经让我们的大脑看起来很弱。A GI的支持者认为A GI可以24小时为我们工作，利用所有可用的数据，可以为许多问题提供解决方案。DM是一家专注于A GI开发的公司，有着“解决智能问题”的雄心。“如果我们成功了，”他们的任务声明写道，“我们相信这将是有史以来最重要、最广泛有益的科学进步之一。”

Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine" could be “the last invention that man need ever make."
自AI诞生之初，想象力的发展速度已经超过了你的想象。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文·古德预言，最终将创造出一台“超智能机器……它将远远超过人类的所有智能活动，无论多么聪明。”古德接着表示，“第一台超智能机器”可能是“人类需要创造的最后一项发明”。

Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression. Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
人们对于出现强大而又邪恶的人造智能机器的担忧已经加剧，例如，玛丽·雪莱的《弗兰肯斯坦》科幻小说和《终结者》系列电影。但如果最终证明AI 是我们的垮台，它就不太可能掌握在这样的人形形态手中，而这些形态具有明显的人类动机，比如敌对行为。相反，我同意牛津大学哲学家尼克·博斯特罗姆的观点，他认为，A GI带来的最大风险不是来自于反对人类的决定，而是来自于不惜牺牲一切代价执着地追求既定目标。

The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.
真正的A GI的前景和危险都是巨大的，但是今天所有关于这些可能性的激动人心的讨论都是以我们能够建立这些系统为前提。而且，在与许多世界上最重要的AI研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到A GI，如果有的话。

⑸ 2021年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解A

Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel. The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location with security and comfort.
对于旅行者来说，罗马很贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因。罗马的旅社单人间每晚25美元左右，因此，你通常可以住在安全舒适的市中心。

Yellow Hostel

If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
如果一定要让我就罗马的住宿做一个推荐的话，那就是Yellow Hostel。这是本市评级最好的旅社之一，这是有充分理由的。价格实惠，气氛活跃又不太吵闹。另外还有一好处，离火车总站很近。

Hostel Alessandro Palace

If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers ring the summer.
如果你喜欢社交型旅社，这就是罗马最好的。Hostel Alessandro Palace
很有意思，工作人员为客人举办很多酒吧活动，比如免费拍照、泡吧和卡拉OK。屋顶上还有一片区域，夏天可以和其他旅行者一起闲逛。

Youth Station Hostel

If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
如果你想找一家干净而又现代化的旅社，没有比Youth Station更好的了。它提供漂亮的家具和床，另外：不收城市税；房间里有空调和暖气；每个房间都有免费Wi-Fi。

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes距离市中心车站仅10分钟的步行路程，距离城市所有主要景点都很近。工作人员友好且乐于助人，在您到达时为您提供城市地图，并在您需要时提供建议。不过，使用Wi-Fi需要支付2欧元一天。

⑹ 高考英语阅读理解试题及答案分享

高考英语阅读理解试题及答案分享

高考英语阅读文章使用的语言都较为正式，结构复杂的长句及省略和插入语等较复杂的`语言现象在文章中随处可见。影响了考生对文章内容的理解和判断。为了帮助大家备考高考英语，我整理了一些高考英语阅读理解，希望能帮到大家!

高考英语阅读理解【1】

Why do we have in a camera a lens(镜头)instead of a simple hole?

The reason can be seen from the figures(图像).

In Figure 1, the hole is small. Rays of light from a point (P1)outside reach a very small part of the wall opposite, and we see there a small point. But when the hole is bigger, as in Figure 2, rays from the point(P2)can cover a larger part of the wall opposite, and we don’t see a clear point, Rays from other points(Q) outside can also fall on the same place inside. Therefore the picture is not clear when the hole is big and it is not bright when the hole is small because very very little light can pass through it.. We can get better result with a lens. If the lens is made in the shape shown in Figure 3, all the rays of light from the point(P3) are thrown on point(P’) inside. The picture which we see, therefore, is clear, and it is also bright because more light can pass through a lens than through a small hole.

1. In Figure 1 we see a faint small point on the wall because .

A. the point(P1) is very small B. the hole isn’t big enough

C. light rays don’t travel in straight lines D. light rays can’t pass through a small hole

2. Figure 2 shows that the bigger the hole is, .

A. the more light can pass through B. the clearer the picture will be

C. the better result we will get D. the faster the light rays travel

3. From figure 3, we can see a lens .

A. can form a clear picture B. can make light go in a straight line

C. can help light rays to go faster D. cannot give the picture more light than in Fig. 2

4. The main idea of the second paragraph of the article is that .

A. a smaller hole is better than a bigger one

B. big holes are better than small ones

C. both a big hole and a small one have their weak points

D. light rays are sure to pass through a hole no matter it is big or small

5. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Light can go through all kinds of materials

B. A camera can’t be made without a lens

C. The lens is only used in a camera

D. Most of the light we get is from the lens

高考英语阅读理解【2】

Overhead bridges are found in many parts of Beijing, especially in places where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is dangerous.

The purpose of these bridges is to enable pedestrians (行人) to cross roads safely. Overhead bridges are used to very much the same way as zebra crossings. They are more efficient (效率高的) although less convenient because people have to climb up a long flight of steps. This is inconvenient especially to older people. When pedestrains use an overhead bridge, they do not hold up traffic. However, when they cross a busy road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is why the government has built many overhead bridges to help pedestrians and to keep traffic moving at the same time.

The government of Beijing has spent a large amount of money on building these bridges. For their own safety, pedestrians should be encouraged to use them instead of risking (冒…危险) their lives by dashing across the road. Old people , however , may find it a little difficult climbing up and down the steps, but it is still much safer than walking across the road with all the danger of moving traffic.

Overhead bridges serve a very useful purpose. Pedestrians, both old and young, should make it a habit to use them. This will prevent unnecessary accidents and loss of life.

1. What is the advantage of overhead bridges mentioned in this passage?

A. Taller trucks can pass under them.

B. Pedestrians can climb up and have a view of the city.

C. They are safer for pedestrians and can keep traffic moving at the same time.

D. They are easier and more convenient for the pedestrians.

2. Why were overhead bridges built in Beijing?

A. Because they prevent traffic from being held up.

B. Because they provide an easy way for the drivers to cross the road.

C. Because they save money for the government.

D. Because they save time for the pedestrians.

⑺ 麻烦把下面的英语翻译为汉语，谢谢！！这是2012重庆高考英语阅读理解。

经济学家（economist）约翰·凯恩斯在其1930年的文章“我们子孙的经济可能性”中写到（wrote）：“人类的需求分为两类：绝对需求，包括（included）其他需求；相对需求.........
以为是你在录入时出现的错误，比如：acconmist,ewrote，inpe，isnottrue，alough等等。在网上搜了一下试题，果然如此。真是误人子弟！！
找到原文http://www.econ.yale.e/smith/econ116a/keynes1.pdf 看一下吧：

"Needs of the second class, those which satisfy the desire for superiority, may indeed be insatiable; for the higher the general level, the higher still are they. But this is not so true of the absolute needs-......."这是原文的一段，比较一下有几个错误。下面的没看，想必还有错。
太惊诧了，这是高考试题？有意而为之？好像不是纠错题啊。
是不是同学们复制得次数太多了？也不好好看看。

⑻ 2018年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解B

Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
我们中的许多人喜欢七月，因做吵为它是大辩早自然的浆果和核果丰收的月份。这些来自不列颠哥伦比亚省田野，五颜六色、甘甜的宝石是营养保护的小小动力。

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants. The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries, they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
在普通浆果中，草莓的维生素C含量最高，尽管是由于种子的 原因，覆盆子含有更多的蛋白质, 铁和锌（水果中不含太多蛋白质）。蓝莓的抗氧化剂含量特别高。 黄色和橙色的核果，如桃子，富含类胡萝卜素，我们可以将其转化为维生素A，这是一种抗氧化剂。至于樱桃, 它们太好吃了，谁会在乎营养价值呢？不过，它们富含维生素C。

When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
当和浆果或其他水果片混纯灶侍合时，冷冻香蕉是制作浓稠冰凉的水果奶昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的最佳基础配料。为此，选择熟的香蕉冷冻，这样更甜。去皮，将其放入塑料袋或容器中冷冻。如果你愿意，在香蕉上洒一点新鲜柠檬汁可以防止香蕉变成棕色。冷冻香蕉可以保存几个星期，这取决于它们的成熟度和冰箱的温度。

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
如果你有榨汁机，你可以简单地加入冷冻香蕉和一些浆果或切片水果。松软的奶油甜点完成，可以立即食用。这对于儿童聚会来说是一项有趣的活动；他们喜欢把水果和冷冻香蕉放进机器的顶部，观察下面挤出的冰淇淋。

⑼ 2018年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解D

We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
我们都经历过：在电梯里，在银行排队，或者在飞机上，周围都是像我们一样专注于手机的人，或者更糟糕的是，在令人不安的沉默中挣扎。

What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
问题是什么呢？有可能我们每个人都不善于开口说话。更可能是，开口说话会尴尬，而且具有挑战性，或者我们认为这很烦人，没有必要。但是下次你会在陌生人中发现，闲聊是值得的。专家说，这是一种非常宝贵的社会实践，能带来巨大的好处。

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease for social communication, says Bernardo Carcci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂
将闲聊视为无关紧要很容易，但我们不能忘记，如果没有闲聊，深厚的关系就不会存在。印第安那大学害羞研究所所长贝尔纳多•卡杜奇说过，闲聊是社交的润滑剂。“几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一笔大生意都是从闲聊开始，”他解释道，“成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人联系，而不仅仅是与他们交流。”

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂
在2014年的一项研究中，UBC心理学副教授伊丽莎白·邓恩邀请人们去咖啡馆。一组要求与服务员互动；另一组只要求在必要时发言。结果表明，那些与服务员聊天的人有更高的积极感受和更好的咖啡店体验。”这并不是说和服务员说话比和你丈夫说话好，”邓恩说，“但与我们社交网络的边缘成员互动对我们的幸福也很重要。”

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carcci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.
邓恩认为，与陌生人接触会感觉到更强烈的归属感和与他人的联系。卡杜奇认为，培养这种归属感始于闲聊。”闲聊是礼貌的基础，”他说。

⑽ 2018年高考英语北京卷 - 阅读理解D

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
为自动驾驶汽车做准备的城市

The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the read world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
自动驾驶汽车的可能性通常看起来是未来主义者的梦想，距离真实世界里的实现还要好几年。然而，未来显然就是现在。今年四月，加州机动车管理局开始发放许可证，允许各公司在公共道路上测试真正的自动驾驶汽车。州政府还为企业出售或出租自动驾驶汽车以及运营无人驾驶出租车服务扫清了障碍。值得注意的是，加州在这方面并没有走在最前沿。各公司一直在全国各大城市测试他们的汽车。很难预测公路上何时能遍布无人驾驶汽车。但是无论需要多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和城市，至于是好还是坏，就取决于如何管理这种转变。

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help rece traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
虽然到目前为止大部分的讨论都集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全性上（确有道理），决策制定者也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何帮助减少交通阻塞、减少排放，提供更便捷、更实惠的灵活性选择。无人驾驶汽车的到来是一个机会，可以确保那些汽车对环境友好，有更多的共享机会。

Do we want to -or even worsen-the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most alts own indivial self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing services.
我们想通过无人驾驶汽车复制甚至恶化现在的交通状况吗？想象一下，未来大多数成年人都拥有自己的自动驾驶汽车。这样他们就能够忍受在拥挤的高速公路上上下班的漫长而缓慢的旅程了，因为他们可以在路上工作、娱乐或睡觉，这也会鼓励城市的扩张。他们把无人驾驶汽车带到约会的地点之后，就让空车绕着大楼行驶，以此避免付停车费。他们不再步行几个街区去接孩子或者去干洗店，只要让无人驾驶的迷你巴士去就可以了。这种便利甚至会让越来越少的人乘坐公共交通工具——研究人员已经在叫车服务中发现了这种糟糕的负面效果。

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could rece carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues. But driveless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究表明，在全球范围内，用电动、自动驾驶和共享系统取代了汽油动力的私家车，至2050年，可以减少交通运输中80%的碳排放，并降低40%的交通基础设施和运营成本。更少的排放和更便宜的驾驶听起来很有吸引力。几乎可以肯定的是，考虑到无人驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，第一批商业化的无人驾驶汽车将在叫车服务行业诞生。不过随着价格的下降以及越来越多的人熟练掌握这项技术，无人驾驶汽车的拥有率可能会提高。

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless
vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement present a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
决策制定者应当开始考虑，如何确保无人驾驶汽车的出现不会加剧我们现今这个被汽车主导的交通系统的弊端。即将到来的技术进步为城市和各州提供了发展交通系统的机会，这些交通系统旨在承载更多的人、更加便宜。未来汽车就要来了，我们只需要做好准备。