黑洞英语阅读材料
Ⅰ 关于天文的英语阅读
Black Holes(黑洞)
Black holes are some of the strangest things in space. A black hole sucks in anything that gets near it. Nothing can escape from a black hole—not even light.
BLACK HOLES ARE STRONG
Nothing escapes from a black hole because its gravity is so strong. Gravity is a force that pulls one thing to another. Gravity is the force that holds you down on Earth. When you jump up, Earth’s gravity pulls you right back down. Earth’s gravity also makes the Moon orbit (go around) Earth.
The more matter (stuff) that is packed in a star, planet, moon, or other object, the stronger is its gravity. Gravity makes an object with more matter pull an object with less matter toward it. The Sun has a lot more matter than Earth. The Sun’s gravity pulls on Earth. It makes Earth orbit the Sun.
Matter is packed very tightly in some things and loosely in others. The matter that makes up an iron ball is packed much tighter than the matter that makes up a bag of feathers. A scientist would say that an iron ball is much denser than a bag of feathers.
A black hole is denser than anything you could imagine. A black hole could have a million times more stuff than our Sun. All of this stuff would be packed into an area smaller than a city. The force of gravity from so much stuff packed into such a small area is awesome.
WHERE DO BLACK HOLES COME FROM?
Astronomers and physicists think black holes come from dying stars. A dying star burns out and stops shining. All the stuff that makes up the star starts falling in on itself. The star gets denser and denser. If the star is big enough and has enough matter, it could get dense enough to become a black hole.
STUDYING BLACK HOLES
No one has really seen a black hole. You cannot see black holes because they do not give off any kind of light. Physicists used math to predict that black holes exist.
Astronomers look for signs of black holes. Astronomers study powerful rays coming from stars in deep space. The stars seem to be orbiting black holes. Astronomers think that black holes are sucking gas from the stars, and this makes the stars give off X rays.
Galaxies are enormous groups of stars. Astronomers think that most galaxies have huge black holes at their centers. The Hubble Space Telescope took pictures of a disk of hot gases at the center of our own Milky Way Galaxy. Astronomers think this disk is going around an enormous black hole right in the center of our galaxy.
黑洞(黑洞)
黑洞是在太空的一些奇怪的事。一个黑洞吸入任何靠近它。没有什么能逃脱黑hole-not甚至光。
黑洞是强大的
没有逃离黑洞因为它的引力是如此的强烈。重力是一股力量,把一件事到另一个地方。重力是地球上把你的力量。当你跳起来时,地球引力把你拉回来。地球的引力也让月球地球轨道(四处)。
越多事情(东西),装在一个明星,行星,月亮,或其他对象,它的引力就越强。物体重力使一个对象有更多物质拉向它用更少的问题。太阳比地球更重要。地球上太阳的引力拉。它使地球轨道太阳。
问题是包装非常紧密一些事情和松散。这件事让一个铁球比这件事更紧了,一袋羽毛。科学家会说,一个铁球比一袋密集的羽毛。
一个黑洞的密度比你能想象的任何东西。一个黑洞可能更多的东西比太阳的一百万倍。所有的这些东西会比城市更小的区域里。这么多东西的重力挤进这么小的区域是可怕的。
黑洞来自哪里?
天文学家和物理学家认为黑洞来自垂死恒星。垂死的恒星燃烧停止照耀。所有的东西,明星开始下降。星星变得越来越密集的。如果恒星足够大,有足够的物质,它能密度足以成为一个黑洞。
研究黑洞
没有人真正看到一个黑洞。你看不见黑洞因为他们不发出任何类型的光。物理学家利用数学预测,黑洞的存在。
天文学家寻找黑洞的迹象。天文学家研究强大的射线来自恒星外层空间。星星似乎环绕黑洞。天文学家认为,黑洞吸气体从恒星,这使得星星发出X射线。
星系是巨大的恒星组。天文学家认为,大多数星系有巨大的黑洞中心。哈勃太空望远镜拍照片的一个磁盘的热气体在我们的银河系的中心。天文学家们认为这个磁盘将在一个巨大的黑洞就在银河系的中心。
Ⅱ 霍金名言：爱着并且相信这个世界 请问原文上下段落是什么 英文原文是什么
英文原文:
rway beyond which he would be able to。
拓展资料
霍金名言:
1、活着就有希望。
2、当你面临着夭折的可能性，你就会意识到，生命是宝贵的，你有大量的事情要做。
3、时间有没有尽头？
4、宇宙有开端吗？如果有的话，在此之前发生过什么？
霍金
霍金毕业于牛津大学（University of Oxford）和剑桥大学，并获剑桥大学博士学位。
1959年17岁的霍金入读牛津大学的大学学院攻读自然科学，用了很少时间而得到一等荣誉学位，随后转读剑桥大学研究宇宙学。
Ⅲ 英语阅读高二
B
三十多年前出版的《时间简史》已经成为科学写作的里程碑。史蒂芬·专霍金，我们这个时代最属伟大的思想家之一，探索了许多有意义的问题，比如:宇宙是如何开始的?时间总是向前流动吗?宇宙是没有尽头的，还是有界限的?空间中还有其他维度吗?当
it all ends? It is one of Stephen Hawking's bestsellers and a popular-science book on cosmology (宇宙学).
霍金首次出版这本书的目的是向那些不擅长宇宙学的人解释难懂的理论思想
由于霍金为不懂科学理论的非专业读者撰写了《时间简史》，他使用了非技术词汇来描述宇宙的结构、起源、发展和可能的终结，这也是天文学和现代物理学研究的目标。
在本书的各个章节中，霍金解释了一些基本的概念，如空间和时间，构成宇宙的基本构件以及控制宇宙的基本力量(如重力)。他还写过宇宙现象，比如大爆炸和黑洞。霍金教授还讨论了现代科学家用来描述宇宙的两个主要理论，即广义相对论和量子力学。最后，书中还讨论了寻找一个统一的理论来描述
高二英语试卷第3页(共8页)
Ⅳ 英语优秀文章摘抄3篇
散文 凭借精巧的谋篇布局,巧妙的措辞选景,来渲染气氛,创造意境,从而体现出它独特的风格。下面是我带来的英语优秀 文章 摘抄，欢迎阅读!
英语优秀文章摘抄篇一
A Lesson In Life 人生物语
Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there，they serve some sort of purpose，to teach you a lesson or help figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be - your roommate，neighbor，professor，long lost friend，lover or even a complete stranger who，when you lock eyes with them，you know that very moment that they will affect your life in some profound way.
And sometimes things happen to you and at the time they may seem horrible，painful and unfair，but in reflection you realize that without overcoming those obstacles，you would have never realized your potential，strength，will power or heart. Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good or bad luck. Illness，injury，love，lost moments of true greatness and sheer stupidity - all occur to test the limits of your soul. Without these small tests，if they be events，illnesses or relationships，life would be like a smoothly paved，straight，flat road to nowhere. Safe and comfortable but ll and utterly pointless.
The people you meet who affect your life and the successes and downfalls you experience - they are the ones who create who you are. Even the bad experiences can be learned from. Those lessons are the hardest and probably the most important ones.
If someone hurts you，betrays you or breaks your heart，forgive them for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious to whom you open your heart to. If someone loves you，love them back unconditionally，not only because they love you，but because they are teaching you to love and opening your heart and eyes to things you would have never seen or felt without them.
Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can，for you may never be able to experience it again.
Talk to people you have never talked to before，and actually listen. Let yourself fall in love，break free and set your sights high. Hold your head up because you have every right to. Tell yourself you are a great indivial and believe in yourself，for if you don‘t believe in yourself，no one else will believe in you either. You can make of your life anything you wish. Create your own life and then go out and live it.
“People are like tea bags - you have to put them in hot water before you know how strong they are.''
英语优秀文章摘抄篇二
老爸(Dad)
The first memory I have of him—of anything，really—is his strength. It was in the late afternoon in a house under construction near ours. The unfinished wood floor had large，terrifying holes whose yawning[张大嘴] darkness I knew led to nowhere good. His powerful hands，then age 33，wrapped all the way around my tiny arms，then age 4，and easily swung[摇摆] me up to his shoulders to command all I surveyed.
我对他——实际上是对所有事的最初记忆，就是他的力量。那是一个下午的晚些时候，在一所靠近我家的正在修建的房子里，尚未完工的木地板上有一个个巨大可怕的洞，那些张着大口的黑洞在我看来是通向不祥之处的。时年33岁的爸爸用那强壮有力的双手一把握住我的小胳膊，当时我才4岁，然后轻而易举地把我甩上他的肩头，让我把一切都尽收眼底。
The relationship between a son and his father changes over time. It may grow and flourish[繁茂] in mutual maturity[成熟]. It may sour in resented dependence or independence. With many children living in single-parent homes today，it may not even exist.
父子间的关系是随着岁月的流逝而变化的，它会在彼此成熟的过程中成长兴盛，也会在令人不快的依赖或独立的关系中产生不和。而今许多孩子生活在单亲家庭中，这种关系可能根本不存在。
But to a little boy right after World War II，a father seemed a god with strange strengths and uncanny[离奇的] powers enabling him to do and know things that no mortal could do or know. Amazing things，like putting a bicycle chain back on，just like that. Or building a hamster[仓鼠] cage.Or guiding a jigsaw[拼板玩具] so it forms the letter F;I learned the alphabet[字母表] that way in those pre-television days.
然而，对于一个生活在二战刚刚结束时期的小男孩来说，父亲就像神，他拥有神奇的力量和神秘的能力，他无所不能，无所不知。那些奇妙的事儿有上自行车链条，或是建一个仓鼠笼子，或是教我玩拼图玩具，拼出个字母“F”来。在那个电视机还未诞生的年代，我便是通过这种 方法 学会了字母表的。
There were，of course，rules to learn. First came the handshake. None of those fishy[冷冰冰的] little finger grips，but a good firm squeeze accompanied by an equally strong gaze into the other‘s eyes.“The first thing anyone knows about you is your handshake，”he would say. And we’d practice it each night on his return from work，the serious toddler in the battered[用旧了的] Cleveland Indian‘s cap running up to the giant father to shake hands again and again until it was firm enough.
当然，还得学些做人的道理。首先是握手。这可不是指那种冷冰冰的手指相握，而是一种非常坚定有力的紧握，同时同样坚定有力地注视对方的眼睛。老爸常说：“人们认识你首先是通过同你握手。”每晚他下班回家时，我们便练习握手。年幼的我，戴着顶破克利夫兰印第安帽，一本正经地跌跌撞撞地跑向巨人般的父亲，开始我们的握手。一次又一次，直到握得坚定，有力。
As time passed，there were other rules to learn.“Always do your best.”“Do it now.”“Never lie!”And most importantly，“You can do whatever you have to do.”By my teens，he wasn‘t telling me what to do anymore，which was scary[令人害怕的] and heady[使人兴奋的] at the same time. He provided perspective，not telling me what was around the great corner of life but letting me know there was a lot more than just today and the next，which I hadn’t thought of.
随着时间的流逝，还有许多其他的道理要学。比如：“始终尽力而为”，“从现在做起”，“永不撒谎”，以及最重要的一条：“凡是你必须做的事你都能做到”。当我十几岁时，老爸不再叫我做这做那，这既令人害怕又令人兴奋。他教给我判断事物的方法。他不是告诉我，在人生的重大转折点上将发生些什么，而是让我明白，除了今天和明天，还有很长的路要走，这一点我是从未考虑过的。
One day，I realize now，there was a change. I wasn‘t trying to please him so much as I was trying to impress him. I never asked him to come to my football games. He had a high-pressure career，and it meant driving through most of Friday night. But for all the big games，when I looked over at the sideline，there was that familiar fedora. And by God，did the opposing team captain ever get a firm handshake and a gaze he would remember.
有一天，事情发生了变化，这是我现在才意识到的。我不再那么迫切地想要取悦于老爸，而是迫切地想要给他留下深刻的印象。我从未请他来看我的 橄榄球 赛。他工作压力很大，这意味着每个礼拜五要拼命干大半夜。但每次大型比赛，当我抬头环视看台时，那顶熟悉的软呢帽总在那儿。并且感谢上帝，对方队长总能得到一次让他铭记于心的握手——坚定而有力，伴以同样坚定的注视。
Then，a school fact contradicted something he said. Impossible that he could be wrong，but there it was in the book. These accumulated over time，along with personal experiences，to buttress my own developing sense of values. And I could tell we had each taken our own，perfectly normal paths.
后来，在学校学到的一个事实否定了老爸说过的某些东西。他不可能会错的，可书上却是这样写的。诸如此类的事日积月累，加上我的个人阅历，支持了我逐渐成形的价值观。我可以这么说：我俩开始各走各的阳关道了。
I began to see，too，his blind spots，his prejudices[偏见] and his weaknesses. I never threw these up at him. He hadn‘t to me，and，anyway，he seemed to need protection. I stopped asking his advice;the experiences he drew from no longer seemed relevant to the decisions I had to make.
与此同时，我还开始发现他对某些事的无知，他的偏见，他的弱点。我从未在他面前提起这些，他也从未在我面前说起，而且，不管怎么说，他看起来需要保护了。我不再向他征求意见;他的那些 经验 也似乎同我要做出的决定不再相干。
He volunteered advice for a while. But then，in more recent years，politics and issues gave way to talk of empty errands and，always，to ailments.
老爸当了一段时间的“自愿顾问”，但后来，特别是近几年里，他谈话中的政治与国家大事让位给了空洞的使命与疾病。
From his bed，he showed me the many sores and scars on his misshapen body and all the bottles for medicine.“Sometimes，”he confided[倾诉]，“I would just like to lie down and go to sleep and not wake up.”
躺在床上，他给我看他那被岁月扭曲了的躯体上的疤痕，以及他所有的药瓶儿。他倾诉着：“有时我真想躺下睡一觉，永远不再醒来。”
After much thought and practice(“You can do whatever you have to do.”)，one night last winter，I sat down by his bed and remembered for an instant those terrifying dark holes in another house 35 years before. I told my fatherhow much I loved him. I described all the things people were doing for him. But，I said，he kept eating poorly，hiding in his room and violating the doctor‘s orders. No amount of love could make someone else care about life，I said;it was a two-way street. He wasn’t doing his best. The decision was his.
通过深思熟虑与亲身体验(“凡是你必须做的事你都能做到”)，去年冬天的一个夜晚，我坐在老爸床边，忽然想起35年前那另一栋房子里可怕的黑洞。我告诉老爸我有多爱他。我向他讲述了人们为他所做的一切。而我又说，他总是吃得太少，躲在房间里，还不听医生的劝告。我说，再多的爱也不能使一个人自己去热爱生命：这是一条双行道，而他并没有尽力，一切都取决于他自己。
He said he knew how hard my words had been to say and how proud he was of me.“I had the best teacher，”I said.“You can do whatever you have to do.”He smiled a little. And we shook hands，firmly，for the last time.
他说他明白要我说出这些话多不容易，他是多么为我自豪。“我有位最好的老师，”我说，“凡是你必须做的事你都能做到”。他微微一笑，之后我们握手，那是一次坚定的握手，也是最后的一次。
Several days later，at about 4 A.M.，my mother heard Dad shuffling[拖着] about their dark room.“I have some things I have to do，”he said. He paid a bundle of bills. He composed for my mother a long list of legal and financial what-to-do‘s“in case of emergency.”And he wrote me a note.
几天后，大约凌晨四点，母亲听到父亲拖着脚步在他们漆黑的房间里走来走去。他说：“有些事我必须得做。”他支付了一叠帐单，给母亲留了张长长的条子，上面列有法律及经济上该做的事，“以防不测”。接着他留了封短信给我。
Then he walked back to his bed and laid himself down. He went to sleep，naturally. And he did not wake up.
然后，他走回自己的床边，躺下。他睡了，十分安详，再也没有醒来。
英语优秀文章摘抄篇三
Picasso And Me (毕加索和我)
This is the 50th anniversary of the day I crossed paths with Pablo Picasso. It came about in a strange way. I had written a column showing how absurd some of my mail had become.
One letter was from Philadelphia. It was written by a Temple University student named Harvey Brodsky. Harvey said he was in love with a girl named Gloria Segall，and he hoped to marry her someday. She claimed to be the greatest living fan of Picasso. The couple went to a Picasso exhibit and，to impress her，Harvey told Gloria that he could probably get the artist‘s autograph.
Harvey‘s letter continued，“Since that incident，Gloria and I have stopped seeing each other. I did a stupid thing and she threw me out and told me she never wanted to see me again.
“I‘m writing to you because I’m not giving up on Gloria. Could you get Picasso‘s autograph for me?If you could，I have a feeling Gloria and I could get back together. The futures of two young people depend on it. I know she is miserable without me and I without her. Everything depends on you.”
At the end of the letter，he said，“I，Harvey Brodsky，do solemnly swear that any item received by me from Art Buchwald(namely，Pablo Picasso‘s autograph)will never be sold or given to anyone except Miss Gloria Segall.”
I printed the letter in my column to show how ridiculous my mail was. When it appeared，David Duncan，a photographer，was with Picasso in Cannes and Duncan translated it for Picasso.
Picasso was very moved，and he took out his crayons and drew a beautiful color sketch for Gloria Segall and signed it.
Duncan called and told me the good news.
I said，“The heck with Gloria Segall，what about me?”
David explained this to Picasso and in crayons he drew a picture of the two of us together，holding a glass of wine，and wrote on the top，“Pour Art Buchwald.”
By this time，the Associated Press had picked up the story and followed through on the delivery of the picture to Gloria Segall. When it arrived special delivery in Philadelphia，Gloria took one look and said，“Harvey and I will always be good friends.”
If you‘re wondering how the story ends，Harvey married somebody else，and so did Gloria. The Picasso hangs in Gloria’s living room.
It was a story that caught the imagination of people all over the world. I received lots of letters after the column was published. My favorite came from an art dealer in New York，who wrote：
“I can find you as many unhappy couples in New York City as you can get Picasso sketches. Two girls I know are on the verge of suicide if they don‘t hear from Picasso，and I know several couples in Greenwich Village who are in the initial stages of divorce. Please wire me how many you need. We both stand to make a fortune.”
Another letter，from Bud Grossman in London，said，“My wife threatens to leave me unless I can get her Khrushchev‘s autograph. She would like it signed on a Russian sable coat.”
Ⅳ 2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛指定书目
出处: 外研社Unipus
为提升学生综合阅读能力，助力参赛选手科学备赛，大赛组委会特邀多位英语语言文学领域资深专家精心筛选出10本英文图书作为2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛指定书目。
2017大赛指定书目打破往届书目传统，涉猎学科广泛，不仅包含文学与人生、语言与文化、社会与人、哲学与文明四大类别，还包含科学著作，旨在激发参赛选手们的英语阅读兴趣，提高其思辨能力。
2017阅读大赛指定书目
1
Historic Girls
《名垂青史的女孩》
2
A Brief History of Time
《时间简史》
3
The Scarlet Letter
《红字》
4
European Culture: An Introction
《欧洲文化入门》
5
Taking Sides:
Clashing Views on Global Issues
《立场——辩证思维训练
（全球问题篇）》
6
Shakespeare: A Very Short Introction
《读懂莎士比亚》
7
Thinking, Fast and Slow
《思考，快与慢》
8
The Beginnings of Chinese Civilization
《中国文明的开始》
9
The Story of Mankind
《人类的故事》
10
How the Mind Works
《心智探奇》
2017大赛指定书目在选取上契合阅读大赛的四大版块： Read and Know （读以明己）、Read and Reason（读以察世）、Read and Question（读以启思）、Read and Create（读以言志）。
其中，Read and Create版块的赛题文本会从指定书目中选取，其他版块的赛题文本会部分选自指定书目。
2017阅读大赛指定书目面面观
1
Historic Girls
《名垂青史的女孩》
归类：文学与人生
Elbridge Streeter Brooks
（埃尔布里奇·斯特里特·布鲁克斯）
简介：
巴尔米拉女王芝诺比阿、君士坦丁大帝的母亲海伦娜、东罗马皇后普尔喀丽亚、勃艮第的克洛蒂尔达、中国的武则天、苏格兰玛蒂尔达皇后、荷兰伯爵夫人杰奎琳、塞浦路斯王后卡特琳娜、阿维拉的圣特雷萨、英格兰的伊丽莎白女王、瑞典女王克里斯蒂娜，以及北美波瓦坦印第安人部落联盟的公主波卡洪塔斯，十二位女孩，十二个传奇故事。
2
A Brief History of Time
《时间简史》
归类：文学与人生
Stephen Hawking
（史蒂芬·霍金）
简介：
《时间简史》是一本关于宇宙本性的最前沿知识科普著作，讲述了时间和空间的核心秘密，包括我们的宇宙图像、空间和时间、膨胀的宇宙不确定性原理、基本粒子和自然的力、黑洞等内容。本书自1988年第一版问世以来，被翻译成40多种文字，至今已出售逾2500万册，成为全球最畅销的科普著作之一，对人类的观念有深远的影响。
3
The Scarlet Letter
《红字》
归类：文学与人生
Nathaniel Hawthorne
（纳撒尼尔·霍桑）
简介：
《红字》不仅是美国浪漫主义小说的代表，同时也被称作是美国心理分析小说的开创篇，海明威称其为“一本可以提高人们艺术水平的好书”。小说发表于1850年，以殖民地时期新英格兰生活为背景，以当时严酷的清教视为罪不可赦的一桩“通奸罪”为核心展开情节，细致入微地刻画了与这桩“罪行”有关的四个人物的精神世界。
4
European Culture: An Introction
《欧洲文化入门》
归类：语言与文化
编者：
王佐良等主编，司徒双等编著
简介：
英语中有数不清的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等等来自古希腊、罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作，或者牵涉到各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物。如果对这些所知无多，读书未必全懂，对谈也难顺利。而一旦对这些有了较多认识，不仅了解程度会提高，而且通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好。
5
Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Global Issues
《立场——辩证思维训练（全球问题篇）》
归类：语言与文化
编者：
James E.Harf（哈尔夫）
Mark Owen Lombardi（隆巴尔迪）
简介：
本书隶属于Taking Sides系列丛书，话题为当今全球问题，为读者提供了源自报刊、法庭辩词、议会陈述等关于同一问题的正反两方面论证文章，培养读者对于同一观点的辩证思维能力和论辩技巧。本书系“外研社杯”辩论赛指定用书。
6
Shakespeare: A Very Short Introction
《读懂莎士比亚》
归类：语言与文化
Germaine Greer
（杰曼•格里尔）
简介：
剧作家莎士比亚究竟有何过人之处？莎士比亚的戏剧作品与各学科前沿的最新研究成果有何关系?本书通过对多部莎剧的精妙解读，依次从当代诗学、伦理学、政治学、目的论和社会学等多个角度，揭示出莎士比亚在四百多年前的诸多创见与当代各学科前沿理论的密切联系，为我们展示了一代文豪莎士比亚所取得的独特成就。
7
Thinking, Fast and Slow
《思考，快与慢》
归类：社会与人
Daniel Kahneman
（丹尼尔·卡尼曼）
简介：
在书中，心理学家卡尼曼会带领我们体验一次思维的创新之旅。卡尼曼介绍了很多经典有趣的行为实验，指出我们在什么情况下相信自己的直觉；指导我们如何在商场、职场和个人生活中做出更好的选择，以及如何运用不同技巧来避免常常使我们陷入麻烦的思维失误。本书将会彻底改变读者对思考的看法。
8
The Beginnings of Chinese Civilization
《中国文明的开始》
归类：哲学与文明
简介：
《中国文明的开始》原是作者在华盛顿大学作的三次关于“安阳殷墟发掘”的英文演讲手稿集。除了关于殷墟发掘的介绍外，书中还讨论了中国现代考古学的建立、中华民族人种的起源等重要问题。
9
The Story of Mankind
《人类的故事》
归类：哲学与文明
Hendrik van Loon（房龙）
简介：
《人类的故事》是一部以通俗手法描写人类文明发展史的历史巨著，故事从远古的时候讲起，讲述埃及和美索不达米亚文明的源起，讲述希腊与罗马时代的辉煌，沿着宗教兴起的线索讲述到中世纪社会的发展和演变，从城市的兴起、文艺复兴、讲述到世界性的变革和各国的革命。在追溯到一些主要国家的历史线索时，也讲述了一些重要历史人物的故事，评述他们的功过。
10
How the Mind Works
《心智探奇》
归类：其他
Steven Pinker（史蒂芬·平克）
简介：
《心智探奇》是认知神经科学领域颠覆性的著作，凝聚认知神经学、人工智能和进化心理学等多项研究成果，权威解答“什么是智能”这一深刻问题，破解机器人难题。同时，详细剖析心智的四大能力，权威解读“心智如何工作”。观点独到精辟，立论严谨周密，论证新颖犀利，例证丰富新鲜，行文汪洋恣肆，带领读者进行一场探索心智本质的奇幻之旅。
如何科学阅读，高效备赛？
为帮助参赛选手深入解读指定书目，系统学习阅读方法，外研社Unipus邀请英语语言文学领域资深专家，特别推出《名家领读指定书目》系列直播课程。本课程让学生在掌握阅读方法和技能的同时，激发英语阅读兴趣，培养良好的英语阅读习惯，提高思辨能力，进而提升英语阅读的综合能力。
如何快速获取以上书目？
为帮助参赛选手便捷获取阅读大赛指定书目，“爱洋葱”官网和外研书店特别推出2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛指定书目专栏。
《名垂青史的女孩》
《红字》
《欧洲文化入门》
《中国文明的开始》
《人类的故事》
以上五本书可在“爱洋葱”官网获取。
《时间简史》
《立场——辩证思维训练（全球问题篇）》
《读懂莎士比亚》
《思考，快与慢》
以上四本书可通过外研书店微店购买。
《心智探奇》未被外研书店微店收录，还请同学们自行上网搜寻。
阅读的意义在于，它让你在超越世俗生活的层面上，建立起精神生活的世界；它让你站在巨人的肩膀之上、凌驾于伟人的思考之上；它还让你体会世界上最美妙的情感、感知最新奇的事物。
正如余秋雨先生曾说的那样：只有书籍，能把辽阔的时间浇灌给你，能把一切高贵生命早已飘散的信号传递给你，能把无数的智慧和美好对比着愚昧和丑陋一起呈现给你。
希望大家可以将单纯的“阅读”变成“悦读”，在阅读中体会个中情感，在阅读中提升个人正能量、赋予个人“气自华”。让我们一起开启一场美妙的“阅读旅程”吧！
Ⅵ 谁能帮我翻译一下这篇英语阅读~~~~(>_<)~~~~
在11月18日1908年，三名男子在一个热气球中。他们早就开始在伦敦开始。村长是Augusta Gaudron，另专外两名男子Tannar和Maitland.。他们有一个大气属球，他们做了很长的准备。
很快，他们听到了大海。他们放下绳子，它是从悬挂在气球篮子中了。最后他们用它绑住了一个金属盒子。这可能装了水，也可能是空的。因此，他们改变其重量。让它在海上方的使用。他们还携带的一袋沙子。
太阳升起后，气球到了更高的地方。它上升到3000米，空气十分寒冷。气球中的水变成冰。男子的篮子中的雪掉了下来，他们可以看到地上更多的雪。这些人试图抛弃一些沙子，但是很难。他们试图用他们的刀打破冻成了冰的沙子，但这并不容易。这项工作进展缓慢，他们也仍在下降，所以他们不得不放弃一些装沙子的包。其中一人倒在冰冷的湖水上，在冰上形成了一个黑色的洞。
最后他们把盒子拉到篮子里。它仍然是雪，所以他们上升到雪地上方了了。他们上升到5100米！一切都变得冰冷。他们是如此寒冷以至于他们决定降落。他们艰难的降落到了在波兰，但他们很安全。他们从伦敦旅行了1797公里！
额 我也有点看不懂 我尽力了 ⊙﹏⊙b汗
Ⅶ 宇宙的英语阅读
有关宇宙的英语阅读
关于宇宙，大家都有无限的想象，下面我收集了一些有关宇宙的英语阅读文章，一起来欣赏一下吧!
【宇宙中可能存在其他“地球”】
The Kepler orbiting observatory was launched with a simple mission - to find other Earths. NASA describes it as 'a search for habitable planets.'
随着一项简单的任务，寻找其他“地球”，开普勒轨道天文台启动。美国宇航局将其描述为“一次对可居住的星球的搜寻”。
And analysis of its first 136 days of data has already begun - with scientists combing through scans of 150,000 stars, and evidence of 1,235 potential planets.
通过扫描浏览150,000颗恒星，科学家们已经开始分析梳理头136天的数据，结果表明有1,235颗可能的行星。
Such information is fascinating in itself - but it also allows scientists to work out projections using statistical analysis.
这类消息本身很吸引人的，但同时也需要科学家们运用数据分析得出推测。
One analysis has predicted that one-third of 'sun-like' stars - stars with the classification F, G or K - will have planets similar to Earth.
一项分析推测，三分之一的类太阳恒星，即F, G 或 K类恒星，将会有类似地球的行星存在。
Traub says, “About one-third of FGK stars are predicted to have at least one terrestrial, habitable-zone planet.”
Traub说：“根据预测，大约三分之一的F, G 或 K类类恒星会至少有一个行星类似地球，拥有可居住区域。”
Traub used statistical analysis to 'predict' planets that had not been detected by Kepler, and whether they would be within the 'habitable zone'. Traub's analysis hints that there may be even more potential 'Earths' orbiting them than previously thought - and that this 'principle' would extend to stars not yet scanned by Kepler.
Traub运用数据分析推测出尚未被开普勒轨道天文台侦察到的行星，同时推测出是否有可居住区域。这项分析暗示，或许有比从前预想的更多的潜在“地球”在进行着轨道运动，这一原则将会拓展到还没被开普勒轨道天文台扫描到的地区。
Some commenters felt that Traub's 'habitable zones' were too generous, it included planets shrouded in icy clouds of carbon dioxide.
一些批评家们觉得，Traub的“可居住区”太过笼统，还包括了被结冰的二氧化碳云层笼罩的行星。
The $600 million Kepler spacecraft, which launched in March 2009, is staring continuously at a patch of sky containing about 150,000 stars in the Cygnus constellation.
2009年3月，花费6亿美元的开普勒宇宙飞船发射，一直不断的探测着包含着150,000颗恒星的天鹅座。
The high-tech equipment analyses each stars' light every 30 minutes, watching for telltale dips in brightness which may indicate a planet is crossing its path.
高科技设备分析了每一颗恒星每30分钟的光，等待他们沐浴在光亮下的迹象，这意味着一刻行星正在通过它的`路径。
Sophisticated sifting software is used to send the data to earth-bound scientists, who scour the results. As Kepler continues to scan, data - and analyses such as Traub's paper - will continue to become more accurate.
复杂精致的筛选软件被用于给地球上的科学家发送数据，他们负责弄清楚结果。随着开普勒轨道天文台的继续扫描，数据与分析(例如Traub文件)将会继续变得更加准确。
【黑洞中可能存在超越人类的文明】
Despite being considered the most destructive force in space and absolutely uninhabitable, the conditions for life exist inside supermassive black holes, a Russian cosmologist has theorised. Vyacheslav Dokuchaev has even suggested that if life did exist inside the SBH, it would have evolved to become the most advanced civilisation in the galaxy.
尽管超大质量黑洞被认为最具破坏力并且绝对无法居住，然而俄罗斯的一名宇宙学家理论上认为，黑洞中有生命存在的条件。Vyacheslav Dokuchaev甚至曾暗示说，如果黑洞中真的有生命存在，他们已经进化成银河中最先进的文明。
Supermassive black holes are such powerful gravitational forces that they suck in everything around them, including light, and nothing that crosses the black hole's 'event horizon(at the lip of the black hole)' is ever seen again.
超大质量黑洞引力非常强大，会将它周围的一切都吸进去，任何穿过黑洞视界(即黑洞的边缘)的东西都将永无再现之日，包括光。
But now Dokuchaev, of Moscow's Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, says existing evidence combined with new research throws up intriguing possibilities for certain types of black holes.
但是现在，莫斯科核研究所俄罗斯科学院的Dokuchaev说，现有证据结合最新的研究引出了对特定类型黑洞来说非常有趣的可能性。
Inside a charged, rotating black hole there are regions where photons can survive in stable periodic orbits. Dokuchaev specialises in studying those orbits and their dynamics.
带电荷的、旋转的黑洞中，光子能够在一些区域内幸存，并且进行稳定的、周期性轨道运行。
He speculates, in a paper published in Cornell University's online journal arXiv, that if there are stable orbits for photons, there is no reason why there could not be stable orbits for larger objects, such as planets.
Dokuchaev在发表在美国康奈尔大学网络期刊arXiv的一篇论文中推测说，如果光子在黑洞中有稳定轨道，比如行星等大的物体在黑洞中没有稳定轨道是非常没有理由的。
The problem is that these stable orbits would only exist once you have crossed the threshold of the event horizon, where time and space flow into one another.
问题是，只有曾穿过黑洞视界的临界才会存在稳定轨道，那里时间与空间会流入其他地方。
However, beyond the event horizon is another domain, known as the Cauchy horizon, where time and space return to stable states. It is inside the Cauchy horizon that life could exist, Dokuchaev argues in the paper published in arXiv, and the type of life that could exist in those conditions - where they would be subject to massive fluctuating tidal forces - would have evolved beyond ours.
然而，黑洞视界的另一边是一片被称作柯西视界的领域，那里的时空会恢复到稳定状态。Dokuchaev在发表在arXiv的论文中主张，柯西视界中有生命存在的可能, 而且在那种条件下存活的生命很可能进化的比人类还好，他们可能受支配与巨大的、波动的潮汐力。
Though that is a spine-tingling thought, Dokuchaev's proposition can only ever remain theoretical. Because nothing can ever escape from a black hole e to its enormous gravitational pull, we will never know if it is true.
虽然这是一个令人兴奋的想法，可是Dokuchaev的这项议题很可能永远只停留在理论层面。因为任何事物都无法逃离黑洞的巨大引力，我们永远也无法知道Dokuchaev的议题是不是真的。
;Ⅷ 求100词左右的介绍黑洞或者反物质或者虫洞的英语短文。不要太难得。初三能读懂就行！
General relativity predicts a particularly dense dark objects. Evolution of massive stars in their late collapse occurs, the dense material in particular, it has one called "event horizon" of the closed border, a black hole hidden in a huge gravitational field, e to the gravitational field so strong, including in particular photon (ie the composition of light particles, the speed c = 3.0 × 10 ^ 8m / s), including any material can only be entered could not escape. The formation of a black hole minimum mass star's core is about three times the solar mass, of course, this is the last star of nuclear quality, rather than main sequence stars in the period of quality. In addition to this stellar-class black hole, there are other sources of black holes - the so-called micro-black holes may be formed in the early universe, the so-called supermassive black holes may exist in the central galaxy. A black hole can be found through the concept of electronic equipment.
The black hole within its borders to prevent any outsiders to see anything, which is the object known as the "black hole" of the reason. We were unable to observe the reflection of light it can only be affected indirectly understand the objects around the black hole. Having said that, but the black hole still has its borders, namely "event horizon (horizon)." It is assumed that the evolution of stellar black hole of death matter, is in a special super-massive stars collapse generated. In addition, the quality of a black hole must be larger than the Chandrasekhar limit of stellar evolution to the end of the form, quality, smaller than the Chandrasekhar limit of the star is unable to form a black hole.
翻译成汉语就是下面的意思----
广义相对论预言的一种特别致密的暗天体。大质量恒星在其演化末期发生塌缩，其物质特别致密，它有一个称为“视界”的封闭边界，黑洞中隐匿着巨大的引力场，因引力场特别强以至于包括光子(即组成光的微粒，速度c=3.0×10^8m/s)在内的任何物质只能进去而无法逃脱。形成黑洞的星核质量下限约3倍太阳质量，当然，这是最后的星核质量，而不是恒星在主序时期的质量。除了这种恒星级黑洞，也有其他来源的黑洞——所谓微型黑洞可能形成于宇宙早期，而所谓超大质量黑洞可能存在于星系中央。黑洞可以经由电子仪器观查到。
黑洞不让任何其边界以内的任何事物被外界看见，这就是这种物体被称为“黑洞”的缘故。我们无法通过光的反射来观察它，只能通过受其影响的周围物体来间接了解黑洞。虽然这么说，但黑洞还是有它的边界，即“事件视界（视界）”。据猜测，黑洞是死亡恒星的演化物，是在特殊的大质量超巨星坍缩时产生的。另外，黑洞必须是一颗质量大于钱德拉塞卡极限的恒星演化到末期而形成的，质量小于钱德拉塞卡极限的恒星是无法形成黑洞的。
Ⅸ 英语阅读理解！谢谢了!
BDBDB