考研英语黄皮书阅读理解答案
考研英语阅读理解和翻译
想要把考研英语考好,不在考场上心理崩盘,只有详细研究真题和精读外刊,否则绝大部分考生对文章的理解注定是只言片语和模糊不清的,下面是我给大家提供的考研的英语阅读理解练习真题及翻译，一起来练习一下吧!
The world is goingthrough the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. Theprocess sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emergingcountries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at thisprocess and worrying: “Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollableanti-competitive force?"
There's no question that the big are getting bigger and morepowerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% ofinternational trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growingrapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment ofproction in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. InArgentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationalswent from 43% to almost 70% of the instrial proction of the 200 largestfirms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smallereconomic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of theworld economy。
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&Awave are the same that underlie the globalization process: fallingtransportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers andenlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. Asproctivity grows, the world's wealth increases。
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave arescanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms todaycould re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly acentury ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergersof telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices forconsumers or a rection in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary,the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration isincreasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it doesnot appear that consumers are being hurt。
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. Afew weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the bankinginstry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of lastresort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationalsshift proction from one place to another when a nation gets too strict aboutinfringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself therole of“defending competition" on issues that affect many othernations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?
33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?
[A]To take in more foreign funds
[B]To invest more abroad
[C]To combine and become bigger
[D]To trade with more countries
34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behindM&A wave is _________。
[A]the greater customer demands
[B]a surplus supply for the market
[C]a growing proctivity
[D]the increase of the world's wealth
35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________。
[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous
[D]the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be saidto be _________。
[A]optimistic
[B]objective
[C]pessimistic
[D]biased
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
33. What is the typical trend of businesses today? 今天的商业典型的发展趋势是什么?
[A]To take in more foreign funds 吸收更多外资
[B]To invest more abroad 进行更多对外投资
[C]To combine and become bigger 合并做强
[D]To trade with more countries 与更多国家贸易
【答案】 C
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 文章第一段中说“世界正在经历一场前所未有的最大的的并购浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国开始，横扫欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家”，因此可以判断正确答案是[C]。
34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behindM&A wave is _______。
根据本文作者，在合并浪潮背后的一个驱动力是______。
[A]the greater customer demands 更大的消费需求
[B]a surplus supply for the market 对市场的剩余供给
[C]a growing proctivity 日益增长的生产率
[D]the increase of the world’s wealth 世界财富的增长
【答案】 A
【考点】 事实细节题。
【分析】 根据“合并浪潮的推动力”可以定位到第三段。在作者看来，“日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产，是推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量”。将四个选项对比这三个因素，只有[A]包括了根据顾客的需要扩大市场这个因素。
35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that _____。
从第四段中我们可以推断出_____。
[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
日益增长的集中肯定会损害消费者的利益
[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
世通就是一个合并利与弊的好例子
[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous
全球化进程的成本很高
[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
标准石油托拉斯或许已经威胁到竞争
【答案】 D
【考点】 推断题。
【分析】 [A]“日益增长的集中肯定会损害消费者的利益”与原文第四段第一句不符合，因为作者说“这股合并浪潮是带来益处还是弊端的实例还很少”，因此很难说肯定会带来损害。[B]提到“世通”，说是一个带来利益和降低成本的好例子。这句说是“价格没有随着合并而提高”，并没有提到价格降低问题，因此，合并虽然没有伤害消费者，也没有给他们带来利益。[C]本段没有涉及。[D]可以从文中“很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并能够再次造成像100年前美国标准石油托拉斯对竞争形成的威胁”，这说明当年这个石油公司肯定曾经对竞争造成巨大威胁。
36. Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitudecan be said to be _____。
作者看待新的商业浪潮的态度可以说是_______。
[A]optimistic 乐观的
[B]objective 客观的
[C]pessimistic 悲观的
[D]biased 歧视的
【答案】 B
【考点】 作者态度题。
【分析】 本题考查考生是否了解作者的态度。文中作者提到了“合并”的益处，但是同时也在第四段中提到“我们必须警惕这样的合并浪潮”。作者是从两个方面来谈论这个问题的，因此我们可以判断作者的态度应该是客观的。
难句解析：
1. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role ofsmaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stabilityof the world economy。
【结构分析】本题的主干是“This phenomenon has created serious concerns”，两个“over”引导介宾短语，是并列的成分，做“concern”的定语。而“of smaller economic firms”与“of nationalbusinessmen”都是第一个“role”的定语。
2. I believe that the most important forces behind the massiveM&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: fallingtransportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers andenlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands。
【结构分析】本句主句是“I believe ”，“that”引导一个宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中，后面的“that”前面省略了“forces”，这个“that”引导一个定语从句，修饰这个省略的“forces”。冒号后面的部分是“the most important forces”的同位语，其中“markets”后面的“that”引导定语从句修饰“markets”，“capable ofmeeting customers' demands”是“operations”的定语。
全文翻译：
世界正在经历一场前所未有的最大的的并购浪潮。这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国开始，横扫欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。这些国家的许多人面对这个浪潮，倍感忧虑：“商业集中的浪潮会不会演变成一股无法控制的反竞争的力量?”
无疑，大企业正在变得更大、更强。1982年，跨国公司占国际贸易不到20%的份额。而如今，这个数字已经超过25%，并且还在迅速上升。在那些对外开放并鼓励外资的经济体中，国际分公司在生产中也正占据一个越来越大的份额。比如，在阿根廷，经过90年代初的改革之后，跨国公司在200家大型企业的工业生产中从43%增加到几乎70%。这个现象使人们开始重视小型企业和民族资本的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定。
我认为，日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产，是推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量。所有这些对消费者来说都是有益而无害的。随着生产力的`提高，世界的财富也在增长。
这股合并浪潮是带来益处还是弊端的实例还很少。但是很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并能够再次造成像100年前美国标准石油托拉斯对竞争形成的威胁，人们当时很害怕这家公司，结果导致了它最终的解散。像世通这样的通讯公司的合并似乎不会抬高消费价格，或者减缓技术进步的速度，与之相反的是通信的价格的快速下降。汽车行业的合并也同样在增加——瞧瞧戴姆勒与克莱斯勒，雷诺与尼桑的合并——但看起来消费者并未受到伤害。
但是有一个事实，那就是合并必须受到密切关注。就在几星期以前，格林斯潘对银行业的大规模合并发出了警告。正在创建的这样的巨大的银行一旦出现，谁来充当最终的借贷者，谁来发挥监督、规范和运作的作用呢?当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严厉时，跨国公司会不会把它们的生产从一地转到另一地呢?在那些将会影响许多其他国家的问题上，一个国家是否应该发挥“保护竞争”的作用，就如同美国政府对微软公司案例那样?
;❷ 考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题
“I've never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “It's a stupid endeavor.” That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproctive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.
Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has proced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy's mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He's plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy?s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”
The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin's work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we?re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?” [397 words]
6. Mr. Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____ .
[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments
[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval
[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use
[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit
7. What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project?
[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it.
[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research.
[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information.
[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem.
8. Which of the following is true about animal cloning?
[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it
[B]Few people have realized its significance.
[C] An exact of a cat or bull can be made.
[D] It is becoming a prosperous instry.
9. From the passage we can infer that _____.
[A] Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon
[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning
[C] human reproctive system has not been understood
[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals
10. Mr. Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______.
[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success
[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma
>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<
核心词汇
confines n. limits or borders范围，界限;边界 例：the confines of human knowledge 人类的知识范围 / the confines of family life 家庭生活的范围
超纲词汇
aborted a. *① 流产的 ② 出问题的，出故障的
canine a. 犬的，犬科的
cramped a. 狭窄的，拥挤的 例：working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作
embryo n. 胚胎
fetus n. 胎，胎儿
Missyplicity n.这是个临时造的词，是三个部分的合成：Missy指文中提到的那条狗密斯，
plicate意为“复制”，?ity为名词后缀
plop vi.&vt.(使)扑通一声落下 例：Can you plop some ice in my drink? 能在我的饮料中放点冰块吗? 文中是比喻用法，指“投入资金”
surrogate n.代理, 代理人,代用品 vt.使代理, 使代替;*surrogate mother 代理母体
veterinary a.兽医的 例：veterinary medicine/science兽医学
vexed a.*① 气恼的，烦恼的 例：the vexed parents of an unruly teenager因孩子难管教而气恼的父母 ②(问题等)争论不休的，难于解决的 例：vexed question/issue棘手的问题
viably ad. ① 可实施地，切实可行地 *② 能存活地，能生长发育地
长难句分析
1. That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy.
该句主干是That's an interesting choice of adjective。现在分词短语coming from... 做后置定语，修饰前面的名词choice，相当于一个定语从句(which is)coming from... ;在分词短语中，定语从句who... 也做后置定语，修饰先行词a man。
2. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.
该句主干是He knows that... 。that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句，且从句位于主句之前，主句是the offspring will face the problems... ;从句是让步状语从句：even if he gets a dog viably pregnant;should they survive是个省略了if的条件状语从句，为插入语，修饰主句。另外，主句的宾语the problems后接有过去分词短语shown... 做后置定语，相当于一个定义从句(that)are shown... ;冒号后的名词短语做the problems的同位语。
语篇分析
本文题材涉及生物技术。作者从克隆动物这个角度间接论证克隆人的不可行性，主张应该慎重对待克隆人研究。它是一篇观点论证型文章，按照“提出观点—论证观点—重申观点”的脉络展开论述，可分成三部分。
第一段为第一部分，提出观点：克隆人是不可行的。
引用专家Mark Westhusin和一位试图克隆其爱犬的富人的话(never met a human worth cloning，a stupid endeavor)表达作者的观点。接着介绍Mark Westhusin所进行的克隆动物的实验(two calves，a cat and a dog)，并特别指出对狗的克隆最具难度(one of the mysteries of modern science)。
第二、三段为第二部分，论证观点。
第二段：指出Mark Westhusin克隆动物的经验使他极力反对克隆人(vexed by talking of human cloning)。首句是段落主题句。段中详细介绍了一个克隆狗的项目(the Missyplicity project)中出现的状况：①从成百上千的卵中只获得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎;②转移到母体时没有一个胚胎存活下来。从这些细节中可以推出，克隆是低效而且危险的。这在末句“Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous”得到了证实。该段最后还给出了Mark Westhusin的观点：动物实验中的浪费现象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此，该段将Mark Westhusin反对克隆人的态度表露无疑。
❸ 2023年考研英语真题答案
2023年考研英语真题答案将是考生们未来参加考研英语考试的重要参考资料。本文将对2023年考研英语真题答案进行详细的剖析枣丛，一、词汇篇，二、阅读理解篇，三、完型填空篇，四、翻译篇，五、写作篇，六、综合篇，为考生们提供了一份完善的参考资料。
2023年考研英语真题答案是考生们参加考研英语考试的重要参考资料，本文将对2023年考研英语真题答案进行详细的剖析，帮助考生们提高考研英语成绩，获取考研英语考试成功。
一、词汇篇考研英语词汇是考研英语考试中凳如樱的重要组成部分，考生们在复习词汇时要注意及时熟悉单词的词性、词义、拼写、用法及其相关的习惯用语等，并要多看看一些的词汇，此外，要注意单词的复数形式，以及词汇间的关系，如动词和名词之间的关系，以及单词与句子之间的关系等。
二、阅读理解篇考研英语阅读理解部分要求考生分析大意，正确理解的内容，根据的内容分析出正确的结论。考生们在复习阅读理解时，应注意仔细阅读，抓住的主旨，把握的结构，多分析的上下文，根据的内容推断出正确的结论，从而更好地回答题目。
三、完型填空篇考研英语完型填空部分要求考生根据文中所给的上下文，从可选答案中选出合适的单词来填充空格，以完成的意思。考生们在复习完型填空时，要注意把握的大意，理解的结构，从而准确理解的内容，从而更好地回答题目。
四、翻译篇考研英语翻译部分要求考生将给定的汉语句子翻译成英文句子，以完成的意思。考生们在复习翻译时，要注意把握的大意，理解的结构，多练习翻译中的句子，掌握语言表达的规律，从而更好地完成翻译。
五、写作篇考研英语写作部分要求考生根据提示，用英语写出一篇。考生们在复习写作时，要注意把握的大意，理解的橡世结构，多练习写作，掌握语言表达的规律，从而更好地完成写作。
六、综合篇考研英语综合部分要求考生根据提示，结合题干给出的材料，用英语写出一篇。考生们在复习综合时，要注意把握的大意，理解的结构，多练习综合写作，把握中涉及到的语言表达规律，从而更好地完成综合写作。
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❹ 08年考研英语阅读理解第三篇翻译
08年考研英语阅读理解第三篇翻译：
在20世纪60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了42分之一了。这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。
虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。虽然现在人们比140年前高了2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。他们已经不可能再长得更高了。“在这个基因和环境的条件下，现在整体的人们已经长到我们能够达到的范围了，”Wright州大学的人类学家William Cameron Chumlea说道。拿NBA球员来说，他们身高的增加主要由于从世界各地招募到了球员。
身高的增长一般在20岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。在20世纪初，营养不良和儿童疾病妨碍了整体的发育。但是当饮食和健康的促进，儿童和青少年平均每20年都增长了大概1.5英寸，这就是长高的趋势。根据疾病防治中心，从1960年开始，人们的平均身高，男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就没有怎么改变了。
总的说来，避免太高的身高是有很多优点的。在生产时，较大的婴儿通过产道是有更多的问题的。而且，就算人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了，我们的脚和背部继续对抗着巨大的压力，这些压力来源于双足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。“有一些限制是个体器官的基因结构导致的。”西北大学的人类学家William Leonard说道。
基因的最大化可以改变，但是不要期待它会马上就能发生。Mass州的Natick的军队研究中心的高级人类学家Claire C. Gordon确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作站。她说，不像那些篮球制服，军队的制服长度很长时间都没有改变了。如果你需要在不远的将来预测人类的身高而去设计一款新的设备，Gordon说基本上，“你都能够使用现在的数据并且觉得非常地自信。”
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In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.
Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the indivial organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”
❺ 求张剑黄皮书考研英语一2005-2017阅读的真题解析复习思路pdf，最好百度云
张剑的推荐， 但是我用的是他的模拟题，他的模拟+作文很棒的， 推荐。至于真题，自己没用过，不敢乱说，我觉得真题的话你最后自己钻研最好。这样可以形成自己的思路，会更好的适应考场。 以上建议仅供参考。
❻ 2000passage3考研英语阅读真题及答案
2022扫描书籍PDF讲义
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