介绍印度的礼仪用英语怎么说
India (/ˈɪndiə/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: भारत गणराज्य Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west;[note] Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometres (4,700 mi).
Home to the ancient Ins Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.Four of the world's major religions—, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism—originated here, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE and shaped the region's diverse culture. Graally annexed by the British East India Company from the early 18th century and colonised by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence which was marked by a non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
India is a federal constitutional republic with a parliamentary democracy consisting of 28 states and seven union territories. A pluralistic, multilingual and multiethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The Indian economy is the world's eleventh largest economy by nominal GDP and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity. Since the introction of market-based economic reforms in 1991, India has become one of the fastest growing major economies in the world;however, the country continues to face several poverty, illiteracy, corruption and public health related challenges. India is classified as a newly instrialised country and is one of the four BRIC nations. It is the world's sixth de facto nuclear weapons state and has the third-largest standing armed force in the world, while its military expenditure ranks tenth in the world.India is a regional power in South Asia.
It is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the World Trade Organization, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the East Asia Summit, the G20 and the G8+5; a member of the Commonwealth of Nations; and an observer state in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
⑵ 和印度人用英语交流注意哪些礼仪
印度习俗礼仪
印度是世界四大文明古国之一,人口众多,居世界第二位。
印度的礼节仪式是合十礼,晚辈对长辈行礼是弯腰摸长辈的脚,男
人和女人不能握手,在行双手合十礼或鞠躬礼时男人不能碰女人。如
系一般关系,男人和妇人不能单独谈话。印度人用摇头表示赞同,而用
点头表示不同意。
印度人极喜爱鲜花。他们尤其喜欢将花环戴在贵宾、新婚夫妇、过
生日者的脖子上。花环大小根据客人的身份决定,对一般客人花环到
胸,对贵宾花环要过膝。
印度人以大米为主食,爱吃咖喱及油爆、烤、炸的食物,口味喜辣。
尤其对中国四川菜中的鱼香类有兴趣,而不喜欢喝中、西式菜汤,不吃
木耳、笋、面筋之类食物。印度人不喝酒,甚至对喝酒特别反感,他们认
为这是违反宗教习惯的,印度人喜欢喝茶,喝茶方式颇奇特:把茶盛在
盘子里,伸舌头舔喝。
印度人特别讲究卫生,每日洗澡且只洗淋浴,在富裕而有教养的家
庭,主妇做饭前要洗澡并换上干净的衣服。厨房是神圣的地方,外人与
未沐浴的家人是不能进去的。饭前洗手,不食剩下的食物。
印度妇女额部眉间都有一彩色“吉祥点”,吉祥点本来是表示婚嫁
状况的,现除此含义外,已成为妇女化妆美容的固定组成部分了。
⑶ 印度见面礼节
印度居民大多信奉印度教，其次为伊斯兰教、基督教、锡克教。在印度，月亮是一切美好事物的象征。
印度人相见应递英文名片，英语是印度的商业语言。主客见面时，都要用双手合十在胸前致意。口中念着：“纳玛斯堆”（梵文：“向您点头”，现在表示问好或祝福）。晚辈在行礼的时候弯腰摸长者的脚，表示对长辈的尊敬。男子不能和妇女握手。许多家庭妇女忌讳见陌生男子，不轻易和外人接触。但如果邀请男人参加实社交活动时应请他们偕夫人同来。一般关系的男女不能单独谈话。
印度人是用摇头表示赞同，用点头表示不同意。人们用手抓耳朵表示自责；召唤某人的动作是将手掌向下摆手指，但不能只用一个指头；指人时也要用整个手掌，不能用一两个指头。
到印度庙宇或家庭做客，进门必须脱鞋。迎接贵客时，主人常献上花环，套在客人的颈上。花环的大小长度视客人的身份而定。献给贵宾的花环既粗又长，超过膝盖。给一般客人的花环仅到胸前。妻子送丈夫出远门，最高礼节是摸脚跟和吻脚。到印度家庭做客时，可以带水果和糖果作为礼物，或给主人的孩子们送点礼品。
用右手拿食物、礼品和敬茶，不用左手，也不用双手。就餐的时候，印度教徒最忌讳在同一个容器里取用食物。也不吃别人接触过的食物，甚至别人清洗过的茶杯，也要自己再洗涤一遍后才使用。 喜欢分餐进食，注重菜品酥烂，一般口味不喜太咸，偏爱辣味。主食以米饭为主，对面食中的饼类也感兴趣。不吃菇类、笋类、木耳。信奉印度教和锡克教的人，忌讳吃猪肉，牛肉。他们一般不喝酒，因为喝酒是违反宗教习惯的。但有喝茶的习惯，方式是“舔饮”，也就是把奶茶盛在盘子中，用舌头舔着喝。印度人最不喜欢吃大荤，吃素食的人较多，等级越高，吃荤越少。喜欢中国的粤菜、苏菜。
忌讳白色，习惯用百合花作悼念品。他们忌讳弯月图案，视1、3、7为不吉祥数字，和印度人交谈，要回避有关宗教矛盾、和巴基斯坦的关系、工资以及两性关系的话题。
印度奉牛为神圣，忌讳吃牛肉，忌讳用牛皮制品。崇拜蛇，视杀蛇为触犯神灵。忌讳用澡盆给孩子洗澡，认为是“死水”，是不人道的行为。
泰国各个民族都有自己的传统服饰。现在，泰国城市中的男子在正式社交场合通常穿深色的西装，打领带。妇女在正式社交场合穿民族服装，也可穿裙子；在日常生活中，可穿各式流行服装，但在公共场合忌穿短裤。
仪态礼仪
在泰国，进入佛殿要脱鞋，进入当地人家的客厅也要脱鞋。他们讨厌在平时生活中拍拍打打的举止习惯，认为这是不礼貌的。当地人向上伸出小指表示和好，大拇指朝下表示失败，伸出弯曲的食指则表示死亡。
相见礼仪
生性宽厚，温和有礼的泰国人在见面时不是握手说哈罗，而是合掌说声“沙娃滴卡”。这种合掌问候方式在泰语称为“威”（Wai）。做法是把双手提到胸前，双掌合并但不贴合，犹如在掌心握着一片棉花。这时您的双手的形状就有如一朵含苞待放的莲花。
在不同的场合，面对不同的人或事时，“威”的做法便会有所不同。比如说在向同辈问好时，合掌后指尖不高过下巴。在对长辈行“威”礼时，则须低头让指尖轻触鼻尖。对尊贵的对象如德高望重的长辈表示尊敬时，则把双掌抬高至额头。泰国人遇到僧侣或象征佛陀的佛像，都会下跪，合掌，并以额头触地膜拜。一般遇到同辈向他们“威”时，泰国人都会以“威”礼回报。但若是晚辈向长辈“威”时，长辈是不须回“威”的，有些只以点头或微笑回应。
一、社交习俗
印度人社交习俗总的特点可以用这样几句话来概括：
印度国民多“种姓”， 不同宗教多规定；
民族繁杂多信仰， 性格一般多稳重；
绿色吉祥多偏爱， 白色懊丧多忌用；
讲究礼貌多敬语， 礼节方式多注重；
厌倦食物多种类， 待人接物多禁令。
在生活细节上有如下特点：
印度教徒中分为不同等级的社会集团，可以译为“种姓”。即把人分成四个不同等级；“波罗门”为第一种姓，地位最高；“刹帝利”为“二种姓，地位稍次；“吠舍”为平民，是第三种姓；“首陀罗”为所谓的贱民，为第四种姓，其地位最为低下。他们的各种姓都有自己的道德规范和风俗习惯。在四大种姓之外，还有一种被排除的“不可接触的贱民”，被称为“哈里真”。他们是最受歧视的人。印度教徒迎接贵宾时，主人要向客人敬献花环，并亲手将花环套在客人的脖颈上。花环的大小，要视客人的身份而定。献给贵宾的花环一般很粗大，其长过膝；给一般客人的花环仅及前胸。荷花是印度的国花，倍受印度国民的青睐。因其“出淤泥而不杂，濯清涟而不妖”，故人们常借以赞美人的气节与风骨，又被赞誉为“花中君子”。印度人普遍昵爱绿色，认为绿色是吉祥的色彩，象征着春天和新生。印度妇女民间传统都喜欢在自己的前额正中点一颗指头般大小的圆形痣，人们都称其为“吉祥痣”。其颜色不同，形状各异，或红色、或黄色、或紫色、或绿色，黑色痣虽有，但较少见，一般都依衣着颜色而定。
印度人对蓝孔雀十分崇拜，并将其视作吉祥、如意、幸福的象征。印度是个极为尊重牛的国家，印度教徒把牛奉为神明。按他们的习惯，每逢饭前都要首先敬牛。还有的人敬狗、敬蛇、敬老鼠等等。他们的形体动作语言丰富，不过一些动作所示的意思与我们区别很大。如：表示同意的意轴，他们总要先把头稍歪左边，然后立刻恢复原状；表示不同意，他们反倒点头示意。
二、礼节礼仪
印度人相互见面的礼节，有合掌、举手示意、拥抱、摸脚、吻脚。一般两手空着时，口念敬语“纳马斯堆”，同时要施合掌礼。合掌之高低，对开者宜高，两手至少要与前额相平；对晚辈宜低，可齐于胸口；对平辈宜平，双手位于胸口和下颌之间。若一手持物，则口念“纳马斯堆”，同时要举右手施礼。对于长辈，或对某人表示恳求时，则施摸脚礼（即用手摸长者的脚，然后再用手摸一下自己的头，以示自己的头与长者的脚相接触）。摸脚跟和吻脚礼是印度的最高礼节。印度东南部的一些少数民族的人与客人相见时，总把自己的鼻子和嘴紧紧贴在对方的面颊上，并用力地吸气，嘴里还要叨念着：“嗅一嗅我！”，以示其对客人的崇敬。印度安达曼群岛上的森蒂耐尔人，在与久别挚友重逢时，双方要交替互坐膝头，并热烈地拥抱数分钟，以表示相逢后的喜悦心情。印度伊斯兰教徒的见面礼节是按其传统宗教方式，用右手按胸，同时点头，口念“真主保佑”。现代在社交场合上的印度男人们，也开始运用握手礼节了，但印度妇女除在重大外交场合外，一般与不与男人握手。
一般礼仪
正统的锡克教信徒头戴包头巾，不抽烟，不吃牛肉并且不剪头发。
进入印度人的住家要脱掉鞋子。
称谓与问候
见面与分手时，男人与男人握手。如被引见妇女，男人不与她握手而应双手合十，微微弯腰。男人不能触碰女，在公共场所不能与单身女人说话。
约会与准时
遵守时间是明智可取的。
款待与馈赠
虽然正统的穆斯林妇女通常不与男人见面，但如果邀请男人参加实社交活动时应请他们偕夫人同来。
来到印度人家里时，主人会给你戴花环，你应马上把它取下来以示谦让。
印度教徒不吃牛肉。牛在印度是神圣的动物。
穆斯林不吃猪肉，恪守教义的穆斯林滴酒不沾。
接受或传递食品时，一定要用右手。
作客时可以带水果和糖果作为礼物，或给主人的孩子们送点礼品。
交谈
印度人喜欢谈论他们的文化业绩、印度的传统、有关其他民族和外国的情况。
不要谈及个人私事、印度的贫困状况、军事开支以及大量的外援。
⑷ 关于印度餐桌礼仪英语短文
印度菜在菜式创造和就餐礼仪上，都已经逐渐变得更加国际化，但是有一些细节专仍然需要外国食属客们注意，否则仍有可能在餐桌上贻笑大方。
印度的餐桌礼仪：
1、 就餐也要拿捏时间
印度人通常一天只吃两顿饭，第一餐是在上午接近中午的时候，第二餐基本在晚上9点以后。但是习惯西式生活的印度人，也开始一日三餐，每餐包括开胃菜、汤、主菜和甜点，根据个人食量点菜，也可以不要开胃菜。
如果和印度人同桌吃开胃菜，吃得太快或太慢都是不好的，最好尽量保持和对方相同的速度把菜吃完。甜点和茶一定要等到饭后再端上餐桌，否则也是对客人非常不礼貌的行为。
2、印度人实行分餐，所以吃多少盛多少，不要剩菜。
3、“手抓饭”忌讳
印度人用手也是有忌讳的，那就是他们只用右手抓食物，而左手绝对不得用来触碰食物。印度人认为，左手是专门用来处理不洁之物的，因此吃饭时，他们的左小臂一般沿桌边贴放，手垂放于桌面以下，或是干脆把左手藏在隐蔽的地方。
4、用餐结束清洗右手
服务员会给客人用小碗端来洗手水，水里漂着用于清洁的柠檬片和用于装饰的花瓣，当然，只能清洗右手。
⑸ 写关于 印度人的吃饭礼节 的英语文章
羊肉的“巨无霸”The lamb "big MAC"
印度人大部分信奉印度教，宗教对饮食有着很大的影响。India's National People's Congress, religious hins part of eating a big impact.众所周知，牛，在印度人心目中极为神圣。As is known to all, cattle, in India to be sacred.尽管很多牛在大街上游荡，但在餐馆里，在任何招待会上，你是决不会吃到牛肉的。Although a lot of cattle roam in the street, but in a restaurant, in any conference, you'll never eat beef.在印度去吃麦当劳，别忘了不要点牛肉的“巨无霸”，因为那里只有羊肉的。In India to McDonald's, don't forget not the "big MAC" points beef, because there's only lamb.外国人要想吃牛肉，只能到穆斯林聚居的专门店铺去买，拿回家自己做。Foreigners will want to eat beef, only to the Muslim enclaves special shops to buy and take it home by yourself.
由于宗教的原因，印度的素食者特别多。Due to the reason of religious, Indian vegetarian much more special.请印度人吃饭，先要搞清楚对方是不是素食者，否则会很尴尬。Please India people eat, first find out whether someone's vegetarian, otherwise would be very awkward.严格的素食者，是连鸡蛋也不吃的，但牛奶一般都喝。Strict vegetarian, is even don't eat eggs, but generally drink milk.有些虔诚的印度教徒，吃饭前还要做祷告。Some devout hins, even before the dinner to pray.
不吃牛肉，但喝牛奶Do not eat beef, but drink milk
印度是世界上数一数二的产奶大国，牛奶在印度人的饮食结构中，占有非常重要的位置。India is the world's superpower, and milk milk proction in India people's diet, occupied a very important position.每天早晨和傍晚，到国营奶站打奶的人络绎不绝，有的大家庭一打就是几升。Every morning and evening, to state-run milk standing play milk came in an endless stream, some big family a dozen is a few liters.很多印度人的早餐就是一杯茶，再加几块饼干。Many Indian breakfast is a cup of tea, add a few biscuits.而印度人喝茶一般是要加牛奶和糖的。India tea is commonly milk and sugar.
在德里的菜市场，还能买到雪白的奶豆腐，吃起来有很浓的奶香味。In Delhi, the markets can also buy in the white NaiDouFu, eat up has a strong milk fragrance.印度人特别喜欢吃甜食，印度餐最传统的甜食也是用两种奶酪和糖制成的。India people enjoy eating sweets, Indian meal the most traditional sweets also is to use two kinds of cheese and made of sugar.
只能用右手吃饭Only with the right hand to dinner
印度人吃饭的方式还保留着某些传统的习惯。India people eat way still has some traditional habits.虽然在较正式的场合，人们吃饭使用叉和勺，但在家中，用手抓更来得痛快。Although in more formal occasions, people eat use fork and spoon, but in the home, with the hand better than time.每人面前摆放一个大盘子，把米饭盛上，再浇上菜和汤，然后用手稍加混合，捏成团，就抓着送进嘴里。Each person is put before a big plate, the rice and at the poured again, serve food and soup, then by hand slightly, knead dough, hybrid grabbed the back into its mouth.在街头的小吃摊、小吃店以及寺庙里，人们通常用一种干树叶压制成的盘子来盛食物，有的餐馆则给每个吃饭的人一片新鲜的大树叶子，用来盛米饭等食物，这倒是很环保。In the streets of the snack bar and temples, eating places, people usually use a dry leaves to squelch plate to fill food, some restaurants is to give each eat them a fresh large leaves, used to put food such as rice, it's very environmental protection
⑹ 用英文介绍印度文化
The Republic of India
The Republic of India is a large South Asian country rich in ethnic diversity,with over one billion people speaking hundreds of languages. Politically it is the world's largest liberal democracy. The Indian economy is the fourth largest in the world, in terms of purchasing power parity, and is the world's second-fastest growing economy. India is also the second most populated country in the world. India has grown significantly, in terms of both population and strategic importance, in the last twenty years attributed to economic reforms.
Strategically located in Asia,constituting most of the Indian subcontinent,India straddles many busy trade routes. It shares its borders with Pakistan,the People's Republic of China,Myanmar,Bangladesh,Nepal,Bhutan and Afghanistan.Sri Lanka,the Maldives and Indonesia are the nearby island nations in the Indian Ocean. Home to some of the most ancient civilisations in the world, India was formally ruled by the British for almost ninety years before gaining independence in 1947.
Origin of India's name: The official name India is derived from Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the river Ins and is the most internationally recognisable of the country. The Constitution of India and general usage also recognises Bharat as the other official name of equal status. Bharat comes from the name of an ancient Hin king and means seeker of knowledge. The third name is Hinstan, meaning land of the Hins (where Hin refers to those who dwell to the right of the Ins/Sindhu river) used from the Mughal times onwards.
India,a sub-continent with 5000 year old History. A civilization united by its diversity,richness of culture,the glory of past,the turbulences and triumphs. The landmarks of each era,the achievements of a change,the legacy of a regime. As we walk through the history,India is an amazing discovery and its history is a unique tale of the past.
With the arrival of the Portuguese, French and English traders, advantage was taken of the fractured, debilitate kingdoms to colonise India. In 1857, an insurrection amongst the army sepoys ensued in the popular Revolt of 1857 against the powerful British East India Company; this mobilised resistance, though short-lasting, was caused by the widespread resentment against discriminatory policies of the British. After the revolt, the Indian independence movements started demanding complete independence. On August 15th, 1947, India was finally granted independence from British rule and became a secular republic.
January 26 (Republic Day of India): Republic Day is one of the greatest national celebrations observed throughout the country on January 26 every year. India became Republic on the 26th Jan, 1950. The country became a sovereign democratic republic with a written constitution and an elected parliament.
At the time of independence, although India was under British rule, there were 565 Princely States, big and small, ruled by powerful sovereigns who were protected by treaties of alliance with the British Crown. Without bringing them together, the fundamental unity of the country was not possible. This unification was accomplished by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose statesmanship helped to integrate the country into one nation. In a little less than 2 years, all the princely States became a part of the Republic of India.
It was on this date in 1927 that the Indian National Congress, then fighting its non-violent war for freedom, voted for complete independence as against 'dominion status'. When members of the INC took the pledge to work towards a 'sovereign democratic republic' of India.
Indian Constitution:
When India gained freedom from the British on August 15, 1947 there was the need to regulate the meaning of freedom.Therefore, to have a set of rules and regulations that would guide the nation, the Constituent Assembly met on December 9,1946.The Constituent Assembly was convened and appointed a committee with Dr. B.R.Ambedkar as Chairman to draft the Constitution.
Borrowing from the Constitutions of other countries, for example, the parliamentary form of government from Britain, supremacy of judiciary from the United States, federal system with a strong centre from Canada, directive principles of state policy from Ireland, the idea of concurrent powers and co-operative federalism from Australia, the system of procere established by law from Japan, the Indian Constitution is an amalgam of all these.
The Indian Constitution, the longest in the world, consist 397 articles and 12 scheles which provides for a single citizenship for the whole of India.The constitution of India was originally written in English It gives the right to vote to all citizens of 18 years and above, unless they are disqualified. Fundamental rights are guaranteed to the citizens, equality of religion and so on.
National motto: Satyameva Jayate (In sanskrit it means Always Truth Alone Triumphs)
The Great Indian Flag: This is an ancient Indian symbol associated with the powers and changes of nature.
Officially, the Orange color stands for Courage and sacrifice.
The White color signifies Peace and truth.
While Green symbolises Faith and Chivalry.
It is the ty of every Citizen to realise the significance of our flag and pay the honour and respect its commands.
Official language: Hindi,English
Having being declared a Democratic Republic, the people starting governing themselves according to the Constitution written by the Constituent Assembly. With this, Republic Day became the most important day in the history of India. It is therefore natural that the festivities for the day are a lot more elaborate than that for Independence Day.
The Republic Day Parade
The parade showcasing India's military might and cultural diversity covers an eight-km route, starting from the Rashtrapathi Bhavan through the picturesque Rajpath down to India Gate before winding up at the historic Red Fort in Old Delhi.
The events of the day begin with the Prime Minister laying a wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti (at India Gate).He meets the dignitaries present and unfurls the National Flag.Following the unfurling the National Anthem is played to a 21-gun salute.
After this a brief investiture ceremony takes place ring which the President awards India's top gallantry awards - Param Veer Chakra, Veer Chakra and Maha Veer Chakra. In army these are known as the most prestigious awards for bravery for saving their motherland from the enemy of our country.
Indian struggle continues till now...
After independence,India has fought four wars with its neighbours. From 1975 to 1977, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a "State of Emergency in India", thereby freezing civil rights and detaining civilians without trial. Sikh riots in 1984 resulted in religious strife in much of India.
Also the destruction of the Babri Masjid in 1992 resulted in religious strife in much of India. In the desert town of Pokhran, in 1998, the Indian government exploded five nuclear warheads, confirming India's nuclear status. In 1999, India mobilised its military in Kargil, Kashmir to repel Islamist terrorists who, under the auspices of the Pakistani government, were encroaching upon Indian territory.
⑺ 用英语介绍印度的传统节日
Diwali - Traditional Indian Festival
星期一除了是Halloween之外原来还是印度一个传统的节日 -- Diwali。由於公司有很多印度人，星期一我们决定吃Indian food，好食程度就见仁见智啦。顺便在这里post一下这个节日的一些背景和传统。
1. Diwali is the biggest Indian Festival.
2. It is also called the Festival of Lights.
3. It symbolizes the victory of good over evil and the beginning of a new era. Hin's start their new year on this day. A huge number of traditional businesses start their accounting calendars on this day.
4. Diwali is celebrated by offering one's prayers to Laxmi, the goddess of Wealth and Ganesha, the remover of all obstacles.
5. People go on a spending and shopping spree before this festival, shopping for gifts, clothes, cleaning and decorating their homes.
6. People exchange gifts, money and sweets and light up their houses with clay lamps (these days candles and 100s of mini-light bulbs work too).
7. Oh yeah, people always observe a vegetarian diet on this day
感觉上有点像是中国的农历新年耶~
⑻ 用英文介绍印度风俗 简短一点
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largestcountry by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma andBangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India'sAndaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Ins Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinentwas identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.Four world religions—,Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Graally annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
The Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly instrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, illiteracy, corruption, malnutrition, and inadequate public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks ninth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional republicgoverned under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, andmultiethnic society. It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.
⑼ 各国餐桌礼仪英语翻译
各国餐桌礼仪英语翻译
在法国，你完全可以用两只手吃饭——用刀叉或者是叉子加面包。面包在这里并不是开胃菜——而是帮助把食物弄到叉子上面的工具。吃面包的时候，慢慢的撕下，千万别直接对着面包咬。不用的.时候，面包是放在桌子或是桌布上的，别放在盘子里。以下是我为大家整理分享的各国餐桌礼仪英语翻译，欢迎阅读参考。
各国餐桌礼仪英语翻译
Dining Etiquette
Dining while abroad can feel as though you are tiptoeing around a minefield of unfamiliar rules. Table manners are the ultimate way to show respect (or some accidental disrespect) to your gracious host.
在国外吃饭，宛如蹑手蹑脚的游走在一堆不熟悉的规则中间。餐桌礼仪是对主人展现尊敬(有时反而显现不敬)的最好方式。
Slurp your food.
吃东西时砸吧嘴。
In Japan, most commonly when eating noodles and soups, slurping shows your appreciation of the food to the chef. The louder the better! You may also drink directly from the soup bowl -- spoons are uncommon. Furthermore, never cross your chopsticks, lick your chopsticks, or stick your chopsticks vertically into a bowl of rice. Its considered very rude in Japan and many other Asian countries, including China.
在日本，吃面喝汤极其寻常，发出啧啧声是对厨师食物的肯定。越大声越好!你还可以直接端起汤碗来喝汤——调羹反而用的不多。另外，千万别把筷子交叉，舔筷子或是把筷子垂直插在米饭中间。这在日本以及其他亚洲国家包括中国，都是极其粗鲁的表现。
Eat only with your right hand.
只用右手吃饭。
Sorry lefties -- in India, the Middle East, and some parts of Africa, it is considered unclean to eat with your left hand.
左撇子对不住啦——在印度、中东以及非洲某些地区，用左手吃饭是不卫生的表现。
Dont offer to split the bill.
别想着AA制。
In France, splitting the bill is considered the height of unsophistication. Offer to pay the bill in its entirety or someone else will.
在法国，AA制被看成不懂人情世故。要么就请客，不然就等别人买单吧。
Bread is a utensil.
面包只是食具。
In France, you are supposed to use two hands to eat -- either fork and knife or fork and bread. Bread isnt meant to be an appetizer -- instead it serves to assist the food to the fork. When you eat the bread, tear off a piece of it to eat instead of biting directly into the bread. When not in use, the bread belongs on the table or tablecloth instead of the plate.
在法国，你完全可以用两只手吃饭——用刀叉或者是叉子加面包。面包在这里并不是开胃菜——而是帮助把食物弄到叉子上面的工具。吃面包的时候，慢慢的撕下，千万别直接对着面包咬。不用的时候，面包是放在桌子或是桌布上的，别放在盘子里。
Dont touch any part of your meal with your hands.
不要用手碰到任何食物。
In Chile, touching food with your hands is considered ill-mannered. Yep, even fries! In Brazil, too, pizza and burgers are normally eaten with a fork and knife.
在智利，用手碰食物是非常不礼貌的表现。是的，甚至是薯条!而在巴西亦是如此，披萨和汉堡通常都是用刀叉吃的。
Dont put food in your mouth with a fork.
不要用叉子把食物放在嘴里。
In Thailand, forks are used to push food into a spoon. Also, its unusual to use chopsticks -- theyre considered tacky.
在泰国，一般都是用调羹吃东西，用筷子都是很奇怪的——会被看成没有教养。
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