炼铁厂英语怎么说及英文翻译

A. 姹傚浘鐗囦腑鐨勮嫳鏂囩炕璇戞垚姹夊瓧 鍏朵粬涓嶅彉

Iron core锛氶搧鐭跨煶
Coal injection锛氬姞鍏ョ叅
Coal锛氱叅
缈昏瘧瀹屾瘯锛岃蜂綘鑷宸辨寜鐓у崟璇嶉愪釜鏌ュ广傛病鏈夐敊锛屽繀椤婚噰绾筹紒锛

Coke oven锛氱偧鐒︾偔鐐 coal鍓浜у搧
Limestone锛氱煶鐏

Natural gas锛氬ぉ鐒舵皵鍗栨
Direct Rection锛氱洿鎺ヨ繕鍘熷弽搴 浠庨搧鐭跨煶鐢熶骇鍑哄浐浣撻噾灞為搧
Blast furnace锛氱偧閾侀珮鐐 浠庨搧鐭跨煶鐢熶骇鍑鸿瀺鍖栫敓閾侊紙鍘熸枡鐢熼搧锛 锛堥粍棰滆壊涓锛塻lag-鐭挎福锛涚啍鐐肩敓閾

Electric arc furnace锛氱數寮х倝 鐢熶骇鍑轰腑鐮佽繀铻嶅寲閽
Recycled steel锛氬洖鏀堕挗
Steel refining facility锛氱簿鐐奸挗
Basic oxygen furnace锛氳浆鐐 鐢熶骇鍑鸿瀺鍖栭挗
Pig iron cast锛氶摳閫犵敓閾

Continuous cast锛氭ā楂樿繛缁閾搁
Slab锛氭澘鍧
Thin slab锛氳杽鏉垮澂
Bloom锛氭柟鍧
Billet锛氬皬鏂瑰澂

B. 鄂钢11冶金专业英语考试题及答案

一．词组汉译英（任选10个词组作为一道词组汉译英题目，每题2分）.
1.炼钢 2.高温 3.熟铁 4.平炉 5.木炭 6.. 炉腹 7.铁沟 8.钢厂 9.高炉 10.熔池 11.风量 12.石灰 13.脉石 14.球团矿 15.喷水 16.连铸系统 17.资金
18.铸坯 19. 铁水 20.合金
答案：1. steelmaking 2.high temperature 3.wrought iron 4.open-hearth 5.charcoal
6.bosh 7. iron runner 8.steel plant 9.blast furnace 10.bath 11.blast volume
12.lime 13.gangue 14.pellet 15、water spray 16.casting system 17.capital
18.strand 19.hot metal 20.alloy
二、选择题(任选10题，每题2分)
1.Hematite is ( A ) of the most widely used ores.
A.one B.a C.an D.the
2.In the case of red iron ore,the compound of iron and oxygen(C ) not so “tight”.
A.are B.am C.is D.was
3.Iron and oxygen atoms are very closely( A ) with each other in magnetite.
A.combined B.combining c.combines D.combine
4.Early sponge iron was( B )in bloomery hearths furnaces.
A.proce B.proced C.proces D.procing
5.Pig iron consists( B )the element iron combined with numerous other chemical elements,
A.in B.of C.with D.for
6.In 1709,Abraham Darby,a young man succeeded in( A ) iron with coke.
A.smelting B.smelt C.smelted D.smelts
7.The earth( B ) a large number of metals which are useful to man.One of the most important of these is iron.
A.containing B.contains C.contained D.contain
8.Modern instry ( B )considerable quantities of this metal,either in the form of iron or the form of steel.
A.needed B.needs C.needing D.need
9.All five of these elements must either be removed almost entirely or at( B )reced drastically in amount.
A.most B.least C.more D.less
10.Modern steelmaking processes are ( C )into two general classes from the chemical point of view.
A.divide B.dividing C.divided D.divides
11.The primary( A )between the two methods of steelmaking is that phosphorus and sulphur can only be removed effectively from the metal under a cover of basic slag.
A.difference B.different C.differences D.difference from
12.The slag is ( C ) and the copper is stirred with tree trunks.
A.remove B.removing C.removed D.removes
13.Poling is a critical operation in which the aim is( A)the oxygen content down to 0.03%-0.06%.
A.to bring B.bring C.brung D.brings
14.Tough pitch copper contains0.03%-0.06% oxygen and is very ( B)for working.
A.suit B.suitable C.suited D.suits
15.If the copper is over-poled it must be re-( C)and re-poled.
A.oxidising B.oxidise C.oxidised D.oxidises
16.Forging is usually(B)by hammers.
A.doing B.done C.does D.do
17.Rolling is the process of shaping metal in a maching( B) rolling mill.
A.calls B.called C.call D.calling
18.Stamping or cold forging means( B) cold-rolled or hot-rolled sheets between two dies.
A.to press B.pressing C.press D.pressed
19.When you wake up in the moring rested after a good night’s(A )you look at your watch to see the time.
A.sleeping B.sleep C.sleeps D.sleeped
20.The street car which (B)you to school or to work gets its power from the heavily charged trolley wires overhead.
A.take B.takes C.taking D.taked
21．The important traits of steel,such as a high melting point,high specific heat,and low heat conctivity,are factors ( A ) the difficulty in continuous steel casting.
A.to B.for C.with D.of
22.Contimuous casting of rounds is quite ( B ) at present.
A. limiting B.limited C.limits D.limit
23. The refining of steel by Bessemer and open-hearth processes removes impurities（ B）pig iron by the oxygen of the air
A.with B.from C.among D.of
24. Most of the impurities（ B ）taken into the slag.
A.is B.are C.being D.was
25. Bessemer himself had envisaged the use of oxygen but of course he( D )not obtain sufficient amounts.
A.can B.must C had D.could
26. In the 1960s steel-making ( C )a leap forward.
A.takes B.taking C.took D.taked
27.These react with( B )sand or lime to form a slag which is removed separately.
A.add B.added C.adding D.adds
28.The continuous casting of steel has been difficult to ( A).
A.perform B.be performed C.performed D.performing
29.Low alloy steels with under 10 percent of added elements and high alloy steels( A )over 10 percent of added elements.
A.with B.within C.of D.for
30.The alloying elements modify the effect of the ( B).
A.treat B.treatment C.treatments D.treating
三、将以下单词填入空白处（任选一题作为填空题，每空2分）。
《1》 notch support mould bleeders undertaken ceramic skimmer double plug applied
1.The furnace is built on o foundation of pilings and concrete to( support ) the furnace and burden.
2.Above the iron notch is the slag ( notch ).
3.Between the bosh and lower stack usually has a ( ceramic ) lining.
4.The design of the cooling system and refractory should be (undertaken )together.
5.The charge is hoisted to the top of the furnace and mped on to a ( double )bell and hopper arrangement .
6.Liquid slag will float on the iron and is separated from the iron by the ( skimmer )in the casthouse.
7.The mudgun is used to (plug )the taphole at the end of the cast.
8.At the top of the uptakes are a series of pressure relief valves called ( bleeders ).
9.Nowadays,secondary refining is generally ( applied )after the refining process.
10.The metal is also cast into ( mould )in the vaccum chamber.
答案：
《2》 metallurgical partly hydrogen sponge iron ore gas seal legs equipment undergo reformer
1.The blast furnace takes place the direct rection process,which is the great improvement in the( metallurgical ) technology.
2.In gas rection process,recing gases are carbon monoxide,( hydrogen )and mixtures.
3.The shaft-furnace process plays an important part in ( gas ) rection process.
4.The main component of the MIdrex process are the shaft furnace,the gas( reformer ),and the cooling-gas system.
5.The cooled DRI is continuously discharged through ( seal legs ) at the bottom of the furnace.
6.Rotary kiln furnace is important ( equipment ) used solid recing agents.
7.The outcome of all direct rection techniques is ( sponge iron ).
8.Smelting rection thechology usually proces hot metal from( ore )without coke.
9.Dissolved gases only ( partly) escape while the steel solidifies.
10.Nitrogen lowers the ability of steels to (undergo)deep drawing operations.

四、英译汉（单词2分一个,任选5个作为一题）
○1ironmaking ○2belt ○3slab ○4blast furnace ○5slag pit ○6spring
○7green pellet ○8limestone ○9BOF ○10belly ○11preheat ○12burden ○13oxgen lance
○14ladle ○15DRI ○16EAF ○17.oxygen ○18.parameter ○19.water glass ○20.ferroalloy
答案：1.炼铁 2.皮带 3.板坯 4.高炉 5.渣池 6.弹簧 7.生球
8.石灰石 9.碱性氧气转炉 10.炉腰 11.预热 12.炉料 13.氧枪
14.钢包 15.直接还原铁 16.电弧炉 17.氧气 18.参数 19.水玻璃
20. 铁合金
五．将以下句子翻译成中文。（任选5个作为一题，每题6分）
1. After its inventors,it was also known as the Siemens-Martin process(or open hearth process).
2. As the demand for high quality steels increased,post-treatment became a routine step in the proction of steel.
3. The portion of the ore that is too fine to be charged directly into blast furnace is usually agglomerated.
4. The molten slag usually goes directly to slag pits adjacent to the casthouse, where it is cooled with water sprays.
5. The checker chamber is packed bricks which provide many small,vertically aligned flues for the high temperature gases.
6. The deoxidization procts settle out in the slag.
答案：1.依据它的发明者的名字命名，就叫做西门子-马丁工艺（平炉工艺）。
2. 随着对高质量钢需求的增长，炉外精炼已成为当今炼钢过程中必不可少的步骤。
3. 矿石中很细小的颗粒不能直接装入高炉，通常需要烧结成块状。
4. 熔渣通常直接送到出铁场附近的渣池，在那里用水喷射冷却。
5. 蓄热室是用格子砖堆砌而成，它能提供许多直径比较小的高温气体直通管。
6. 脱氧产物进入渣中。

C. 鼓风炉和高炉是一样的吗为什么英文翻译都是Blast furnace

竖炉的一种。由炉顶、炉身和炉缸或本床组成。炼铁鼓风炉通称高炉；鼓风炉则一般指有色金属的熔炼竖炉。
一. 鼓风炉
blast furnace | air furnace 词博科技英语次科技词汇[38501-38600] | blast cupola furnace 鼓风炉; 化铁炉 .词博科技英语次科技词汇[49401-49500]|
例句与用法
1.铅团在鼓风炉中被溶解。杂质就能被掠去了。
The lead paste is then smelted in a blast furnace. Impurities can be skimmed off.
2.从均匀送风炉出发,评述了诸多均匀送风鼓风炉,如:无焦冲天炉、转炉、悬浮炉、煤炭气化炉、旋风炉、余热锅炉、沸腾炉等等,以期功能强化、能源节约和污染减轻,从而奠定炉型工程学基础。
In order to strengthen the function,save energy and lighten pollustion,this paper reviews many balanced-blast furnaces,example for cokeless cupola,converter,suspended furnace,coal-gasifier,cyclone furnace,remaining heat boiler,fluidezed bed etc.,started from balanced-blast cupola,therefore establishing the base of furnace type engineering science.

2. 正文
竖炉的一种。由炉顶、炉身和炉缸或本床组成。炉顶设有加料口和排烟口。炉身下部两侧各有向炉内鼓风的风口若干个，炉缸设有熔体排出口和放空口，本床只设一个排出口。
炼铁鼓风炉通称高炉；鼓风炉则一般指有色金属的熔炼竖炉。
鼓风炉可用于铜、镍、钴等金属的造锍熔炼和铅、锌等金属的还原熔炼，还可用于熔化杂铜和处理其他物料。鼓风炉的炉料一般为块状，燃料为焦炭。炉料分批从炉顶加入，形成料柱。空气由下部风口鼓入，焦炭在风口区燃烧，形成高温熔炼区；炉料在此激烈反应，不断熔化。还原熔炼时，熔体在炉缸内澄清，分别放出金属和炉渣，造锍熔炼时，熔体经本床流入前床，澄清分离出冰铜和炉渣。热烟气穿过炉料上升至炉顶排出过程中，使炉料预热（熔炼混捏精矿时,还使精矿烧结）,并发生部分熔炼化学反应。所以鼓风炉的传热传质条件好，热效率高，单位面积日生产能力（即床能率）大。

鼓风炉炉身横断面多为长方形，小型炉一般为圆形或椭圆形。炉内的风口部位叫风口区，风口区横断面积为衡量炉子大小的尺度。长方形鼓风炉风口区的宽度一般为1～1.5米,长度3～10米。风口至料面的距离称为料柱高度。炉顶料面上的温度为炉顶温度。鼓风炉熔炼的操作分高料柱（3.6～ 5.5米)冷炉顶(100～200℃)和低料柱（2.5～3.5米）热炉顶(300～500℃)两种。还原熔炼多用高料柱，造锍熔炼多用低料柱。鼓风炉的燃料为焦炭。还原熔炼时，焦炭兼作还原剂，焦率较高，如炼铅鼓风炉焦率约10～13％；造锍熔炼，焦率较低，炼铜鼓风炉焦率约 8～10％。鼓风炉风压与料柱高度和炉料块度有关，高料柱操作,一般为80～150毫米汞柱(表压)，低料柱操作，一般为50～80毫米汞柱（表压）。鼓风炉风口区为熔炼区，温度最高,炼铅炉约为1250℃,炼铜炉约为1350℃。鼓风炉的床能率以风口区单位面积计，炼铅炉一般为50～70吨／（米2·日）,熔炼铜精矿的鼓风炉一般为40～50吨／（米2·日）。
鼓风炉是传统的冶金设备之一。19世纪末，炉身开始采用局部水冷装置，后来发展成全水套炉身；现已发展为汽化冷却，生产低压蒸汽。

参考书目
赵天从主编：《重金属冶金学》,冶金工业出版社,北京，1981。

二.高炉
blast furnace 环境资源与相关词汇
. 近义词或词组
high furnace 化学及化工专业英语词汇(H) | shaft furnace 焊接专业关联词汇（铸造2）(3) - 焊接术语| blastfurnace
1.高铝质耐火泥浆用于高炉、热风炉及其它工业炉砌筑高铝砖。
High aluminum refractory mortars widely used for aluminum brick masonry in blast furnaces ,hot air stoves coke ovens , reheating furnaces and other instry furnaces.

2.焦炉厂中生成的焦炭在高炉中还原铁矿石（铁的氧化物）成铁。
As a simple overview, the blast furnace needs coke from the coke plant to rece the iron ore (iron oxide) to iron.
来源：www.labguide.cn

横断面为圆形的炼铁竖炉，用钢板作炉壳，里面砌耐火砖内衬。高炉本体自上而下分为炉喉、炉身、炉腰、炉腹、炉缸五部分。炉喉之上设置装料设备（见高炉供料和装料系统）。炉缸上部沿周均匀设风口，热风通过热风围管、支管和弯头、直吹管由风口鼓入炉内（见高炉鼓风系统）。风口平面之下有出渣口，渣口平面之下有出铁口。

高炉内型 高炉内型轮廓要根据原料、燃料、高炉容积和操作等条件设计。设计炉型时首先确定炉缸直径及单位炉缸面积每日燃烧焦炭的数量。中国设计的经验式是,式内d为炉缸直径（米）；i为冶炼强度〔吨／（米3·日）〕，取1.0～1.2；V为高炉容积(米3)；J为燃烧强度〔吨焦炭／（米2·日）〕,取24～28.8。然后按各部分尺寸比例和炉身角 (85°左右)计算。设计的内型要与生产中的高炉内型对比，参考容积近似的其他高炉的尺寸进行修改。

高炉炉体结构 按炉体外部结构、高炉基础、高炉内衬和冷却设备分述如下：
炉体外部结构 主要有自立式、炉缸支柱式、框架支柱式、框架自立式等四种。它们的差别在于支承炉顶、上部炉壳和砖衬负荷的地方不同。早期小高炉多是自立式，大型高炉大多采用框架自立式。现代大型高炉鼓风压力高,炉体外壳钢板加厚,壳内喷涂耐火材料，防止热应力和晶间腐蚀引起开裂和变形。风口平台有较宽敞的操作空间；取消渣口，改用矮式泥炮；风口平台连成一片，以便叉车和换风口机行走。

高炉基础 高炉基础所承受的负荷按平均每立方米炉容约5～6吨考虑，用钢筋混凝土基础建在岩石、筒式桩或钢管桩（内灌水泥）上。海滨建厂的大型高炉基础采用长几十米的钢管桩作底座。
高炉内衬 高炉炉壳内部砌有一层厚345～1150毫米的耐火砖，以减少炉壳散热量，砖中设置冷却设备防止炉壳变形。高炉各部分砖衬损坏机理不同，为了防止局部砖衬先损坏而缩短高炉寿命，必须根据损坏、冷却和高炉操作等因素，选用不同的耐火砖衬。炉缸、炉底传统使用高级和超高级粘土砖。炉底使用碳砖有三种型式：全部为碳砖；炉底四周和上部为碳砖，下部为粘土砖或高铝砖；炉底四周和下部为碳砖，上部为粘土砖或高铝砖。后两种又称为综合炉底。炉身上部和炉喉砖衬要求具有抗磨性和热稳定性的材料，以粘土砖为宜。炉腹砖衬被侵蚀后靠“渣皮”维持生产。
冷却设备 主要有冷却水箱和冷却壁两种。因高炉各部分热负荷而异。炉底四周和炉缸使用碳砖时采用光面冷却壁。炉底之下可用空气、水或油冷却。炉腹使用碳砖时可从外部向炉壳喷水冷却，使用其他砖衬时，用冷却水箱或镶砖冷却壁。炉腰和炉身下部多采用传统的铜冷却水箱。炉身上部可采用各种形式的冷却设备，一般用铸铁或钢板焊接的冷却水箱。炉喉一般不冷却。冷却介质过去使用工业水，现在改用软水和纯水。直流或露天循环供水系统也已被强制循环供水系统所代替，后者优点是热交换好、无沉淀、消耗水量少等。