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在长城上散步翻译英语怎么翻译

发布时间: 2025-03-24 16:03:53

A. 你想登长城吗 用英语翻译 Would you like to____ _____the Great Wall

你想登长城吗
Would you like to (walk up) the Great Wall?

walk up
沿 ... 走;走上;登上

We're going to walk up the Great Wall.
我们要登上长城。

B. 关于长城的英语作文(带汉语翻译)

关于长城的英语作文:What impresses me most in Beijing is the Great Wall which is one of the greatest projects in the world。 It's not only the cultural heritage, but also a symbol of China。 "It's glorious。" I think。 It looks like a big dragon running across the mountainous area。 It starts Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west。 It's so long that nobody can walk from the beginning to the end。

汉文翻译:在北京给我印象最深的是长城,是世界上最大的项目之一。它不仅仅是文化遗产,也是中国的象征。我觉得它很辉煌,它就像一条巨龙穿越山区。从东面的山海关开始一向延伸到西边的嘉峪关。太长了以至于没有人能从走到尾。

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C. 长城旅游景点英文介绍带翻译 介绍长城旅游景点的英语作文


几句英语介绍长城带翻译小学



The Great Wall is about twenty thousand kilometers long.长城大概有两万公里长.
It was built in Qin Dynasty to protect people.它修建于秦朝,用于保护人民.
Up until now,it's still functional and becomes one of the most attractive scenes in the world.
直到现在,它仍然屹立不倒并且成为了世界上最吸引人的风景之一.
You can visit and climb the Great Wall in Beijing.
你可以在北京游玩攀登长城.
Ibelieve you won't regret if you go there.
相信你去了以后是不会后悔的.

长城英文导游词带翻译



长城的修筑与所在区域的自然地理环境具有不可分割性,各个地区的长城都体现了当地的自然地理环境特征。下面是为大家带来的,希望可以帮助大家。
1:
The tourists everybody is good, today I'll guide you to visit the Great Wall.
Look, far see the Great Wall it is like a long dragon, in between the mountains winding. From shanhaiguan east to west of jiayuguan, has more than thirteen thousand.
Now we have e to the Great Wall. This section of the Great Wall built in badaling, tall and strong, it is built against the huge stone and ChengZhuan. With square brick on the top of the wall, very *** ooth, like a wide road, WuLiuPi mark in parallel. Outside walls along the rows of buttress has two meters high, buttress on the square? At the mouth and a nozzle for? With hope and shot. On the top of the wall, every three hundred meters there is a square ChengTai, station troops fortress, war, between the ChengTai can mutual echo.
Now we are standing on the Great Wall, stepping at the foot of the square brick, holding the stone on the wall, you will naturally think of the ancient working people to build the Great Wall. Single the countless stone, a piece of have two or three one thousand catties, at that time there were no trains, cars, no crane this steep ridge, rely on countless countless hands, shoulders to the time of the working people is great.
Such boldness of vision of the male project, in the history of the world but a great miracle!
Is the majestic of the Great Wall, the male of vast gray not let us deeply intoxicated? Then let you to use your experience.
游客们大家好,今天由我来带领大家参观长城。
瞧,远看长城它像一条长龙,在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。从东头的山海关到西头的嘉峪关,有一万三千多里。
现在我们已来到长城脚下。这一段长城修筑在八达岭上,它高大坚固,是用巨大的条石和城砖筑成的。城墙顶上铺着方砖,十分平整,像很宽的马路,五六匹马可以并行。城墙外沿有两米多高的成排的垛子,垛子上有方形的?望口和射口,供?望和射击用。城墙顶上,每隔三百多米就有一座方形的城台,屯兵的堡垒,打仗的时候,城台之间可以互相呼应。
现在我们站在了长城上,踏着脚下的方砖,扶著墙上的条石,你会很自然地想起古代修筑长城劳动人民来。单著这数不清的条石,一块有两三千斤重,那时候没有火车,汽车,没有起重机这陡峭的岭,就靠著无数的肩膀无数的手,可想当时的劳动人民是多么伟大。
这样气魄雄的工程,世界历史上可是一个伟大的奇迹啊!
难道长城的雄伟壮丽,那莽莽苍苍的雄资不让我们深深陶醉吗?接下来就让大家自己去细细体会吧。
2:
As the saying goes, "not a true man unless he es to the Great Wall", climb the Great Wall have the constancy, and never quit the perseverance and determination, can't give up halfway! We can watch while climbing. I'll introce the Great Wall for everybody: the Great Wall is posed of GuanCheng, beacon tower pier of watchtowers, *** oke, and the barbican, wall, wall, the crenel, perforation, hole, etc. Beacon tower pier and *** oke is used to transfer the situation of the enemy. In *** oke on the pier burning *** oke ring the day, how much *** oke the heap represents the number of enemy soldiers. Night can't see the *** oke, a fire on the beacon tower. This way of passing rmation at that time is the most rapid and most effective, the beacon tower has played a very big effect.
At this moment, I saw a kid to climb on the wall. I put him down for everyone, said: "please note that can't climb on the wall, it is very dangerous. Outside the wall is dangerous mountain, it's no fun to fall down!" Here, I'll tell you something about a story about the Great Wall: once upon a time, a man named meng jiangnu, she went to send clothes for repairing the hu *** and of the Great Wall. She reached the Great Wall, but didn't find her hu *** and. She hurriedly ask others, others say that he had been buried in the Great Wall. Her sad cry, cry for many years, finally, her tears fell the Great Wall, finally saw her hu *** and.
The Great Wall is very beautiful, very spectacular, winding, wele you to touring!
俗话说“不到长城非好汉”,攀登长城要有持之以恒、永不退缩的毅力和决心,不能中途放弃!我们可以一边观赏一边攀登。我先为大家介绍一下长城:长城是由关城、敌楼、烟墩、烽火台、敌台、墙台、宇墙、垛口、望洞、射孔等组成的。烽火台和烟墩是用来传递敌情的。白天在烟墩上燃烟,烟堆的多少代表敌兵的数量。晚上看不见烟,就在烽火台上生火。这种传递资讯的方式,在那个时代是最迅速、最有效的,烽火台起到了非常大的作用。
这时,我看到有个小孩子在城墙上爬。我把他抱下来后对大家说:“请注意不能在城墙上爬,这是很危险的。城墙外是险要的山峰,跌落下去可不是好玩的!” 下面,我再给大家讲讲有关长城的故事:从前,有个人叫孟姜女,她去为修长城的丈夫送衣服。她到了长城,却没找到她的丈夫。她连忙问别人,别人说他已被埋在长城里了。她伤心的哭,哭了很多年,最后,她把长城哭倒了,终于看到了她的丈夫。
长城很美丽、很壮观,蜿蜒曲折,欢迎你们细细游赏!
3:
Dear passengers, everyone! I am your tour guide lily pula, you can call me ho. This is very honored to visit the Great Wall with you.
From a distance, the Great Wall is like a huge dragon. Close look, I can't see the other end of the Great Wall. Standing on the Great Wall, beacon tower stands on the Great Wall, like a "daruma" will never fall. The Great Wall is an important ancient defense works, from yan started to build the Great Wall, the Great Wall has a history of more than 2000 years now!
There is a touching legend about the Great Wall. When building the Great Wall, in addition to need not to build the wall over the age of 60, other youth to build the Great Wall. Suzhou scholar Fan Xiliang, in order to avoid being caught by the rulers, had to be in hiding. Once, he fled to meng garden, accidentally encountered meng jiangnu. Meng jiangnu is a *** art beautiful girl, she and her parents hid the Fan Xiliang together. Two old people like Fan Xiliang, meng jiangnu betrothed to his wife. But, the person and tragedies will descend, it is the unforeseen that newly married less than three days, Fan Xiliang go by officers and soldiers to catch. Later, meng jiangnu Trinidad TiaoTiaoDe came to the Great Wall to find her hu *** and. Who knows, migrant workers told her that Fan Xiliang is dead. She was crying at the foot of the Great Wall, I don't know how long cry, listen to "bang", the Great Wall fall down a few kilometers.
The passengers, please do not throw garbage everywhere, and in the scribble on the ChengZhuan moment. We are to meet at 7 in the gate.
各位旅客,大家好!我是你们的导游何宜臻,大家可以叫我小何。这次很荣幸能和大家游览长城。
远远望去,长城像一条巨大无比的长龙。近看,长城一眼望不到头。站在长城上看,一座座烽火台屹立在长城上,像一个永远不会倒的不倒翁。 长城还是古代一项重要的防御工程,从燕国开始修建长城,长城现在已经有2000多年历史了!
关于长城还有一个感人的传说。在修建长城的时候,除了60岁以上的老人不用去修建长城,其它的青年都得去修建长城。苏州书生范喜良,为了逃避官府的追捕,不得不四处躲藏。有一次,他逃到了孟家花园,无意中碰到了孟姜女。孟姜女是一个聪明美丽的姑娘,她和父母便一起把范喜良藏了起来。两位老人很喜欢范喜良,就把孟姜女许配给他作了妻子。但是,人有旦夕祸福,天有不测风云,新婚不到三天,范喜良声就被官兵捉走了。后来,孟姜女千里迢迢地来到长城找丈夫。谁知,民工告诉她,范喜良已经死了。她便在长城脚下痛哭,不知哭了多久,只听“轰隆”一声,长城倒了几公里。
旅客们,请不要随地扔垃圾,和在城砖上乱涂乱刻。我们7点在城门 *** 。

用英语介绍长城 带翻译



我还链接了一篇,你自己选吧~~
The Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China is called the "Ten thousand Ii Great Wall" in Chinese. In fact, it' s more than 6 000 kilometres long. It winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys till at last it reaches the sea. It is one of the wonders of the world.
The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it was built ring the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Warring States Period, more walls were put up to defend the borders of the different kingdoms. It was ring the Qin Dynasty that the kingdom of Qin united the dif ferent parts into one empire. To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. Thus, the Great Wall came into being.
The Great Wall is wide enough at the top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side. Along the wall are watchtowers, where soldiers used to keep watch. Fires were lit on the the towers as a warning when the enemy came.
It was very difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines. All the work was done by hand. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.
Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest not only to the Chinese but to people from all over the world. Many of them have come to know the famous Chinese saying: "He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."
[点评]
长城是世界的奇迹,中国的骄傲,中国人对它了解甚多,但用英语将它描述出来恐非易事.此文描述较为详细,是非常好的背景资料.
[参考译文]
中国的长城
中国的长城汉语中常叫作“万里长城”.实际上它长 6 ooo多公里.它从西到东,穿过沙漠,越过高山,跨过深谷,蜿蜒而行,最后直到海边.它是世界上的奇观之一.
长城有两千多年的历史.最早是在春秋时期开始修筑的.战国时期,各诸候国为了保卫自己的边境,分别修筑了更多的城墙.在秦朝时,秦国把各诸侯国统一起来,成为一个帝国.为了御敌于国门之外,秦始皇令人把所有的城墙连接起来.这样,长城就形成了.
长城上面很宽,足够五匹马或10个人并排而行.沿城墙有许多烽火台,过去常有士兵驻守.敌人来时,就点燃烽火,以通知其他士兵.
没有任何现代机器,要修筑这样一座长城是非常困难的.所有的工作都不得不用手来完成.成千上万的人死了,被埋在自己修建的城墙下面.长城不仅是用石头和土筑成的,而且也是用数以百万计的人的血肉筑成的.
今天,长城不仅对中国人,而且对来自全世界各地的人们来说都是一处名胜.其中许多人都已知道这句中国名言:“不到长城非好汉”.

关于长城的英语介绍有哪些?



下面长城的英语介绍主要从长城的重要性和特点进行阐述,具体如下:
The Great Wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation. It is more than 12,000 miles long and is one of the greatest buildings in the world. The Great Wall was built in the Qin Shihuang period. After successive additions and repairs, almost all of the Great Wall we can see now were built in the Ming Dynasty.
Looking at the Great Wall from a distance, it looks like a long dragon, circling between the mountains and mountains. Now, we have come to the foot of the Great Wall. This section of the Great Wall is built on Badaling, which is tall and sturdy. Everyone looking forward, every other part of the Great Wall, there is a lookout port, which was used to look out and watch the enemy in ancient times.
对照译文:
长城是中华民族的象征,它全长一万二千多里,是世界上最伟大的建筑之一。长城始建于秦始皇时期,经过历代的增补修筑,现在我们能看到的长城几乎都是明代所建。
远看长城,它像一条长龙,在崇山峻岭之间蜿蜒盘旋。现在,我们已来到长城脚下,这一段长城修筑在八达岭上,高大坚固。大伙儿往前看,长城每隔一处,有一个_望口,它是古代用来_望和观看敌情的。

长城英文介绍 长城英文介绍范文



1、The Great Wall is located in the northern part of China, it Shanhaiguan in Bohai Bay, Hebei Province, east, west to Jiayuguan in Gansu Province inland areas. Trans-Hebei, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and other seven provinces, municipalities

D. 人教版八年级英语上册unit3单词知识点

Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
【复习目标】
● 会使用现在进行时态表示未来计划
● 会使用wh-特殊疑问句
【语言目标】

● What are you doing for vacation?
I’m spending time with my friends.
● When are you going?
I’m going next week.
● How long are you staying?
We’re staying for two weeks.

【重点词汇】
● babysitting, going sightseeing, going fishing
● how long / plan, decide / at home, get back
【应掌握的词组】

1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. go to sports camp 去运动野营
6. o to the beach 去海滩
7. go camping 去野营
8. Go shopping 去买东西
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去划船
11. go skating 去溜冰
12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山
14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步远足
16. go sightseeing 去观光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18. o on a hike 徒步旅行,
go bike riding 骑自行车旅行,
go fishing 去钓鱼
19. do some shopping 买东西
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作饭
22. do some reading 读书
23. do some speaking训练口语
24. do some sewing 做缝纫活
25. that sounds nice 那好极了
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……怎么样?
28. how long 多长时间
29. how far 多远
30. how often 多长时间一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time
=have fun= have a wonderful time
= enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书,
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我,
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书,
make me a cake = make a cake for me给我做蛋糕
34. get back=come back回来
35. rent videos租借影碟
36. take walks=go for a walk散步
37. think about 考虑
38. decide on= decide upon决定一个计划
39. something different 不同的事情
40.a great vacation 一个愉快的假期
41. I can’t wait 我等不及了
42. the famous movie star 著名的影星
43. an exciting vacation 激动人心的假期
44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划
ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

【应该掌握的句子】
1.What are you doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my sister.
假期你要做什么?我要照顾我的妹妹。
翻译:周末他要做什么?他要去滑划板。
李平假期要做什么?他要去野营。
2.Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.你要和谁一起去?我要和父母一起去。
翻译:王林要和谁一起去观光?他要和他的朋友们一起去。

我要和同学们一起去游泳。
我和父母要去游览长城。
3.When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.
4.I’m going to Tibet for a week. 我要去西藏一周。
翻译:你要去西藏多长时间?
他们假期要在家里呆一个月。
5.What are you doing there? I’m going hiking in the mountains.
你在那里要做什么? 我要在山区里远足。
6.Show me your photos when we get back to school.
我们返回学校时,你把照片拿给我看。
翻译:我来把我的新照片拿给你看看。
他长大时想当一名时装杂志的记者。
7.Where are you going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for vacation.
你要去哪度假?我要去夏威夷度假。
翻译:他要去哪度假?他要去泰国度假。
8.I’m going to Hawaii for vacation in December, and I’m staying for three weeks.我要在12月去夏威夷度假,在那里呆3个星期。
翻译:他打算在11月2日去海南度假,在那呆大约1个月。

9.What is it like there? 那里什么样子?
翻译:那部电视剧怎么样?
那里的天气怎么样?
你和谁一起去?
10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans?
我可以问你一些有关你假期计划的问题吗?
翻译:我能吃点肉吗?
他向我打听你家的情况。
11. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.
他考虑去希腊或西班牙,但是最后他决定去加拿大。
翻译:我总是在欧洲读假。
这次,我想有所改变。
12. He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September.
他将在6月的第一个星期动身,一直呆到9月。
翻译:他想度过一个轻松的假期。
我想要过一个令人兴奋的假期。
13. Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave.
你离开时,请别忘记关门。
14.She couldn’t wait to get home to see he parents.
她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。
翻译:我听说泰国是一个观光游览的好地方。
她星期二动身去香港。

E. 在长城上徒步旅行英文翻译

went hiking on the Great Wall

F. 长城的英语是什么

长城的英语是:The Great Wall

The Great Wall:

万里长城

短语:

the south great wall南方长城

the Qi Great Wall齐长城

the green great wall绿色长城

the imperfect Great Wall残缺长城

The beautiful Great Wall长城是美丽的

The e Great Wall长城

例句:

.

万里长城所象征的就是这种防御观念。

(6)在长城上散步翻译英语怎么翻译扩展阅读

近义词:

city wall:城墙

短语:

city-wall brick城墙砖

city protection wall平遥古城墙

City Builder Wall Construction城市建设者墙壁建筑

Huanghua city Great Wall黄花城长城

The city-wall and the moat城池

protection of antique city-wall古城墙保护

例句:

It'stypicalJudaea,from theanimalbonestothecitywall.

这是典型的犹太城市,不管从动物骨骼还是城墙上看。

G. 长城英语怎么说 长城怎么就翻译成了Great Wall

长城被翻译成“Great Wall”,为什么不翻译成“Long City”?
以我CET-4的专业眼光,“长”对应“long”, “城”对应 “city”,完美!
用网络翻译验证我的结论:结果“long city”被翻译成了“龙城”!
改一下:以我CET-4的专业眼光,长城不应该被翻译成“Great Wall”,长城应该被翻译成“long wall”!
用网络翻译验证我的结论:结果“long wall”被翻译成了“长墙”!
没毛病,长城本来就是长长的墙。
又一个问题:长城既然是长长的墙,为什么不叫长墙?
我困惑了!
第一个问题:
谁把“长城”翻译成了“great wall”?
郑和第四次下西洋,抵达非洲大陆,带回了神兽麒麟,献给了朱棣,朱棣很高兴,认为这是天降祥瑞,命宫廷画师画下了《瑞应麒麟图》。图上画的麒麟,其实就是长颈鹿!明朝人可不这么认为,他们觉得,这就是神兽麒麟!
明代沈度作《瑞应麒麟图》
试想:第一个看见长城的外国人,看到在崇山峻岭中蜿蜒逶迤的长城,被长城的雄伟气势所震慑,他就称其为“great wall”,不管中国人怎么叫,他们觉得,这就是“great wall”。
1583年,西班牙传教士门多萨拜见了罗马教皇,当时天主教想在地广人多的中国拓展势力,于是要求门多萨编写一本关于中国的书籍。
可是门多萨既不会中文,也从没来过中国。在当时的条件下,他只能到处搜集有关中国的资料抄来抄去。于是在1585年,西班牙文的《中华大帝国史》问世。
也许因为抄来抄去,抄得门多萨自己都不满意,于是就开始修订。在1588年的英译本中,第一次使用了“great wall”来称呼长城。这本书后来被翻译成了英文、法文、德文等版本,流传很广,成为西方人认识中国的启蒙书。
《中国大帝国史》
门多萨到底抄了谁的书呢?
他主要抄了葡萄牙历史学家巴洛斯在1539-1563年写成的《亚洲史》。巴洛斯也不懂中文,也没到过中国,可是他有个懂中文和葡文的华人奴仆做他的翻译。在巴洛斯的《亚洲史》里,第一次提到了中国的万里长城。只是在这本书里,“长城”并没有和“伟大”直接关联在一起。
巴洛斯的华人奴仆有没有看过万里长城不得而知,但至少,“great wall”这个词,非常符合人们对长城的第一印象:气势恢弘的高大长墙。
但其实,就像初恋的根本不懂爱情,那时候的老外也根本不懂中国!
第二个问题:
为什么“长城”不叫“长墙”?
因为“长城”的爷爷就是“城”!
“长城”的爸爸还是“城”!
他们全家都是城!
如果我们把长城分成原始型、初级型、基本型、完备型四个发展阶段,或者我们干脆就把它叫做长城的爷爷、长城的爸爸、长城自己、长城的儿子,从这一家一代更比一代强的脉络里,你就会发现,长城他们一家真的是城,而不是墙!
3500-4000年前,长城的爷爷登场!
大约3500年-4000年前,在内蒙古赤峰市,就出现了气势恢宏的石城堡带。它被历史学家称为夏家店下层文化。
注意,它是一个石城堡带,可不是一个小城堡。因为在这里发现大量的石器、陶器、骨器、青铜器,甚至还发现了完整的制陶流程,说明有人长期生活于此,享受着安宁的生活。
安宁的生活少不了城墙的保护!夏家店下层文化石城群中发现的主要遗迹有城墙、马面、壕沟、房址、院墙、灰坑、墓葬、排水设施、不明用途的石砌建筑等。
石城的城墙一般依山势而建,在开阔处修筑石墙,其多呈不规则形,而且大多数都不是合围封闭的。是不是已经有了长城的影子?
小塘山遗址航拍
值得一提的是,这4000年前的文化遗址,城墙居然修筑了马面!
马面是啥?
这个马面不是阎罗殿里的牛头马面,而是古代城墙的马面,也叫敌台、墩台。
马面有长方形和半圆形两种,它的一般宽度为 12-20米,凸出墙体外表面8-12米,间距为20-250米,一般为70米。
在战斗中,马面上的守军,可以和城墙正面的守军,形成火力交叉,让射击没有死角,让攻城的敌人无处可躲。
马面是一个非常科学的设计。此后3000多年修建的南京明城墙,就没有设计马面,所以朱棣后来迁都北京,在修筑北京城墙时就增加马面的构筑。
平遥城墙的马面
夏家店下层文化石城,起初是为了抵御野兽侵袭,使城内居民的生命财产得到保证。随着时代的发展,防御对象由野兽转变成了相邻聚落的敌人,石城的数量与规模也随之扩大,从而逐渐形成了今天所见到的气势恢宏的城堡带。
2600多年前,长城的爸爸登场!
“长城的爷爷”,这个称呼是我编的。
但“长城的爸爸”,却是公认的称呼,它就是“长城之父”——齐长城!
齐长城,顾名思义,就是齐国修建的长城,全长超过640公里,横跨泰沂山脉,横亘在齐鲁大地,穿越8个市17个县区,历时170多年修建,迄今已有2600多年的历史。
齐长城
2600多年前的中国,诸侯征伐、兼并加剧。据统计在春秋战国之间不到300年的时间内,就发生过规模不同的战争480多次。
从春秋时期190多个诸侯国,减少到战国只剩下7个为主的十几个诸侯国,战争的规模和次数越来越多。春秋五霸之首的齐桓公,一生灭国35个,但他还不是灭国最多的,灭国最多的是楚庄王,一生灭国36个。
春秋时期的诸侯国林立
为了加强防御,长城的大家庭里新增了很多同辈:如齐长城、楚长城、秦长城、赵长城、燕长城等等,可是只有楚长城和齐长城,是在春秋时间开始修建的,其他都是战国时才开始修建。
齐长城可谓是长城家族里的长兄,因为“长城”之名便源于齐长城。
在日本的一家博物馆,收藏着一组14件编钟,编钟上有61个字的铭文,铭文中提到了一位将军的名字——骉(音“标”)羌,因此这套编钟被称为骉羌钟。
东周 骉羌钟(图片源自文藏)
骉羌钟上的铭文记载的历史事件:公元前404年,韩国、赵国、魏国联合进攻齐国,一个名叫骉羌的韩国将领横刀立马,身先士卒,在这场战争中作战勇猛,首先攻入齐国的长城。骉羌因而受到韩君、周天子的奖赏,特此铸器表彰骉羌的卓著战功。
这套编钟铭文的亮点在于,最早出现有“长城”二字。
对于绵延640多公里的齐长城,作为防御体系发展至此,已经相对完备,除了墙体,已经配备了关口、城寨、仓库、复线以及场内外的阵地,形成了战略纵深的防御体系,就远不是一道墙可以概括的了。
2000多年来,长城的晚辈陆续登场
从西周到战国、从秦汉到明朝,万里长城经历了2000多年的营造,已成为完备的战略防线体系。
秦始皇保留加固燕、赵、秦防御北边的旧墙,起临洮(甘肃岷县)至辽东。
汉长城因险制塞,以夯土长墙与不筑墙连缀的墩台配合而成,向西延伸至甘肃敦煌,亭燧向西延伸至罗布泊以西的新疆库尔勒。
明长城,明代大规模修筑长城18次,东至鸭绿江,西至甘肃嘉峪关。
嘉峪关
除此之外,晋、北魏、东魏、西魏、北齐、北周、隋、唐、宋、辽、金、元、明、清等十多个朝代,都不同规模地修筑过长城。
长城已发展成为以垣墙为主体,包括城障、关隘、兵营、卫所、墩台、烽堠、道路、粮秣武库等诸多军事设施和生活设施在内的,庞大的国防工程体系。
雄伟的万里长城
至此,长城已经成为一个庞大的家族。1987年长城被列为世界文化遗产名录,长城的总长度定格在21196.18公里,这一长度不仅包括雄伟的八达岭长城、从嘉峪关到山海关的万里长城,也包括齐长城等。
时代变迁、朝代更迭,长城的名字叫方城、堑、长堑、塞、亭障、界壕等,在大部分的时间里,长城都不称为“墙”。
反观“Great Wall”的译名,“Great”的形容实至名归,而至于“Wall”,也许只有在中国文化语境中才能体会“城”和“墙”内在关联。

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