酶的活性英语怎么说及英文翻译

① 求关于酶学方面的生物学英文原文与译文

Oxidize revivification 酶
Pronounce:yanghuahuanyuanmei
English name:oxidordeuctase
Elucidation:the ability catalyst dichotomy son the occurrence oxidize the generic name of 酶 of restoring the function.Oxidize the 酶 (oxidase;oxydase) ability catalyst material the function been oxidized by the oxygen among them, take off the hydrogen 酶 (dehydrogenase) ability catalyst appurtenance quality member to take off a hydrogenous function.Mainly is existed in cell in.

The ammonia 基 transfers 酶
Transaminase, aminotransfe-rase

Also be called to turn ammonia 酶 .BE the catalyst transfers the ammonia 基 of α -amino acids to the α -酮 the sour formation new 酮 is sour to respond with amino acids of the generic name of 酶 is D.the Needham(1927) discovers in the pigeon chest muscle of the ammonia 基 transfer a function, afterwards A.E.Braunstein and M.G.Kritzmann etc. studied the property of this 酶 , discover almost to all exist this kind of 酶 in all living creatures.Have already known having a valley ammonia sour ammonia 基 transfers 酶 and day ammonia 基 with sour winter ammonia to transfer 酶 to wait various amino acids different ammonia 基 to transfer 酶 especially, the reaction can go against, the living creature which participates amino acids synthesizes.Take the phosphoric acid 吡哆醛 as to assist 酶 .It with with take off to assist the form that the egg white of 基酶 combines to change into the phosphoric acid 吡哆胺 , and the born 酮 is sour.Become amino acids with other 酮s sour reactions, oneself reply to change into phosphoric acid 吡哆醛 .Also have the valley ammonia 酰胺 in the liver, day winter the α -ammonia 基 of the ammonia 酰胺 transfer to transfer 酶 for酮 sour ammonia 基 .
Egg white water solution 酶
(Protease, proteinase)
The catalyst many 肽s or the 酶 of protein water solution know together as, calling egg white 酶 .Extensive cent department among the animal, plant and the germ, category numerous, dissolve a 酶 body to contain quantity in digest way and various cell inside the body of animal is abundant.The egg white 酶's metabolism to machine body and living creature adjust to control an important function.The molecular weight is generally about 2-30,000.
The egg white 酶 can is divided into inside the 肽酶 and the outside 肽酶 according to the part of water solution bottom thing, the former water solves protein middle the 肽 key of the part, the latter then from protein of ammonia 基 or the bitter end of 羧基 graally decline solution amino acids cripple 基 .

The crack matches 酶
The catalyst is removed a certain gene by the bottom thing but remains a pair of reaction of keys, or pass adverse reaction the generic name of the 酶 of reaction that a certain 基 regiment add a double key up

Different 构酶
The different 构酶 also calls the different 构 turns 酶 , is the generic name of 酶 that the catalyst born and different construction responds.It is one of the 酶 classificatory and main category.Can is divided into according to responding a way:differ dissimilitude 构酶 , eliminate 旋酶 , follow anti- and different 构酶 etc..

Synthesize 酶
Won't accompany with gland 苷 decomposition but catalyst of three phosphoric acids to synthesize the 酶 of reaction to be called to synthesize the reaction that the 酶(Synthase) synthesizes a 酶 catalyst to contain ATP etc. 基 quality, respond complications, the ATP resolves for the ADP with positive phosphoric acid or AMP and burnt phosphoric acid

分太少嘹``

原文
氧化还原酶
拼音:yanghuahuanyuanmei
英文名称：oxidordeuctase
说明:能催化两分子间发生氧化还原作用的酶的总称。其中氧化酶（oxidase;oxydase）能催化物质被氧气所氧化的作用，脱氢酶（dehydrogenase）能催化从物质分子脱去氢的作用。主要存在于细胞中。

氨基转移酶
transaminase，aminotransfe-rase

也称为转氨酶。是催化把α-氨基酸上的氨基转移给α-酮酸形成新的酮酸和氨基酸反应的酶类之总称是D．Needham（1927）在鸽胸肌中发现的氨基转移作用，后来A．E．Braunstein和M．G．Kritzmann等研究了此酶的性质，发现几乎在所有生物中都存在着这种酶。已知有谷氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶等各种氨基酸特异的氨基转移酶，反应是可逆的，参与氨基酸的生物合成。以磷酸吡哆醛为辅酶。它以与脱辅基酶蛋白结合的形式变为磷酸吡哆胺，并生成酮酸。与其他酮酸反应变成氨基酸，本身复变为磷酸吡哆醛。肝脏中也有把谷氨酰胺、天冬氨酰胺上的α-氨基转移给酮酸的氨基转移酶。

蛋白水解酶
（protease,proteinase）
催化多肽或蛋白质水解的酶的统称，简称蛋白酶。广泛分部于动物、植物以及细菌当中，种类繁多，在动物的消化道以及体内各种细胞的溶酶体内含量尤为丰富。蛋白酶对机体的新陈代谢以及生物调控起重要作用。分子量一般在2--3万左右。
蛋白酶按水解底物的部位可分为内肽酶以及外肽酶，前者水解蛋白质中间部分的肽键，后者则自蛋白质的氨基或羧基末端逐步降解氨基酸残基。

裂合酶
催化由底物除去某个基因而残留双键的反应、或通过逆反应将某个基团加到双键上去的反应的酶之总称

异构酶
异构酶亦称异构化酶,是催化生成异构体反应的酶之总称。是酶分类上的主要类别之一。根据反应方式可分为:差相异构酶、消旋酶、顺反异构酶等。

合成酶
将不伴随腺苷三磷酸的分解而催化合成反应的酶称为合成酶(Synthase)合成酶催化的反应含ATP等基质,反应复杂,ATP分解为ADP与正磷酸或AMP与焦磷酸。

② 求一篇关于酶的英文文献翻译，急需，追加100分。

Etymology and history

Eard BuchnerAs early as the late 1700s and early 1800s, the digestion of meat by stomach secretions[7] and the conversion of starch to sugars by plant extracts and saliva were known. However, the mechanism by which this occurred had not been identified.[8]

In the 19th century, when studying the fermentation of sugar to alcohol by yeast, Louis Pasteur came to the conclusion that this fermentation was catalyzed by a vital force contained within the yeast cells called "ferments", which were thought to function only within living organisms. He wrote that "alcoholic fermentation is an act correlated with the life and organization of the yeast cells, not with the death or putrefaction of the cells."[9]

In 1877, German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne (1837–1900) first used the term enzyme, which comes from Greek ενζυμον, "in leaven", to describe this process.[10] The word enzyme was used later to refer to nonliving substances such as pepsin, and the word ferment was used to refer to chemical activity proced by living organisms.

In 1897, Eard Buchner began to study the ability of yeast extracts that lacked any living yeast cells to ferment sugar. In a series of experiments at the University of Berlin, he found that the sugar was fermented even when there were no living yeast cells in the mixture.[11] He named the enzyme that brought about the fermentation of sucrose "zymase".[12] In 1907, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation". Following Buchner's example, enzymes are usually named according to the reaction they carry out. Typically, to generate the name of an enzyme, the suffix -ase is added to the name of its substrate (e.g., lactase is the enzyme that cleaves lactose) or the type of reaction (e.g., DNA polymerase forms DNA polymers).[13]

Having shown that enzymes could function outside a living cell, the next step was to determine their biochemical nature. Many early workers noted that enzymatic activity was associated with proteins, but several scientists (such as Nobel laureate Richard Willstätter) argued that proteins were merely carriers for the true enzymes and that proteins per se were incapable of catalysis. However, in 1926, James B. Sumner showed that the enzyme urease was a pure protein and crystallized it; Sumner did likewise for the enzyme catalase in 1937. The conclusion that pure proteins can be enzymes was definitively proved by Northrop and Stanley, who worked on the digestive enzymes pepsin (1930), trypsin and chymotrypsin. These three scientists were awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[14]

This discovery that enzymes could be crystallized eventually allowed their structures to be solved by x-ray crystallography. This was first done for lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, saliva and egg whites that digests the coating of some bacteria; the structure was solved by a group led by David Chilton Phillips and published in 1965.[15] This high-resolution structure of lysozyme marked the beginning of the field of structural biology and the effort to understand how enzymes work at an atomic level of detail.

③ 请问酵素的酶活力，是什么意思...酵素的质量是用酶活力来衡量的吗！

酶活力（enzyme activity）也称为酶活性，是指酶催化一定化学反应的能力。酶活力的大小可用在一定条件下，酶催化某一化学反应的速度来表示，酶催化反应速度愈大，酶活力愈高，反之活力愈低。测定酶活力实际就是测定酶促反应的速度。酶促反应速度可用单位时间内、单位体积中底物的减少量或产物的增加量来表示。在一般的酶促反应体系中，底物往往是过量的，测定初速度时，底物减少量占总量的极少部分，不易准确检测，而产物则是从无到有，只要测定方法灵敏，就可准确测定。因此一般以测定产物的增量来表示酶促反应速度较为合适.
酶的活力
1.定义 指酶催化一定化学反应的能力。
2.单位 在特定条件下，1分钟内转化1微摩尔底物所需的酶量为一个活力单位(U)。温度规定为25度，其他条件取反应的最适条件。
比活：每毫克酶蛋白所具有的酶活力。单位是u/mg。比活越高则酶越纯。
转化数：每分子酶或每个酶活性中心在单位时间内能催化的底物分子数(TN)。相当于酶反应的速度常数kp。也称为催化常数（Kcat）。1/kp称为催化周期。碳酸酐酶是已知转换数最高的酶之一，高达36×106每分，催化周期为1.7微秒。
3.测定 一般采用测定酶促反应初速度的方法来测定活力，因为此时干扰因素较少，速度保持恒定。反应速度的单位是浓度/单位时间，可用底物减少或产物增加的量来表示。因为产物浓度从无到有，变化较大，而底物往往过量，其变化不易测准，所以多用产物来测定。
参考： http://ke..com/view/212797.htm?fr=ala0

④ 关于酶的英文翻译有没有啊

A cell sol catalyzed decomposition of glucose enzyme