大學英語精讀課文怎麼講

1. 大學英語精讀第三版第三冊unit3課文大意summary，中英文

Unit 3

Text

Every teacher probably asks himself time and again: What are theeasons for
choosing teaching as a career? 也許每位教師都一再問過自己：為什麼選擇教書作為自己的職業?

Do the rewards teaching outweigh the trying comments? Answering these
questions is not a simple task. Let's see what the author says.
教書得到的回報是否使老師的煩惱顯得不值得多談?回答這些問題並非易事。讓納叢豎我們看看本文的作者說了些什麼。

Why I Teach 我為什麼當教師

Peter G. Beidler

Why do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I
didn't want to be considered for an administrative position. 你為什麼要教書呢?
當我告訴一位朋友我不想謀求行政職務時，他便向我提出這一問題。

He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a "step up" toward
what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
所有美國人受的教育是長大成人後應該追求鄭冊金錢和權力，而我卻偏偏不要明明是朝這個目標「邁進」的工作，他為之大惑不解。

Certainly I don't teach because teaching is easy for me.
當然，我之所以教書不是因為我覺得教書輕松。

Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn
my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. 我做過各種各樣的工作，籍ring than usual.
說精神沮喪，這是因為我1小時後走出教室時，確信這堂課上得比平常還要平淡無味。

Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge
I feel compelled to share. 我之所以教書，也不是因為我認為自己能夠解答問題，或者因為我有滿腹學問，覺得非與別人分享不可。

Sometimes I am amazed that my students actually take notes on what I say in
class! 有時我感到很驚異，學生竟真的把我課上講的東西做了筆記!

Why, then, do I teach? 這樣說來，我為什麼還要教書呢?

洞大I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. June, July, and
August offer an opportunity for reflection, research and writing.
我教書，是因為我喜愛校歷的步調。6月、7月和8月提供了一個供思考、研究和創作的機會。

I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. When the material
is the same, I change —— and, more important, my students change.
我教書，是因為教學是建立在「變化」這一基礎上的職業。教材還是原來的教材，但我自身卻變化了--更重要的是，我的學生變化了。

I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own
lessons, to stimulate myself and my students.
我教書，是因為我喜歡有讓自己犯錯誤的自由，有讓自己吸取教訓的自由，有激勵自己和激勵學生的自由。

As a teacher, I'm my own boss. If I want my freshmen to learn to write by
creating their own textbook, who is to say I can't?
作為教師，我可以自行做主。如果我想要求一年級學生通過自行編寫課本的辦法來學習寫作，誰能說我不可以那樣做呢?

Such courses may be huge failures, but we can all learn from failures.
這樣的課程也許會徹底失敗，但我們都可以從失敗的嘗試中獲得教益。 I teach because I like to ask questions that
students must struggle to answer. 我教書，是因為我喜歡向學生提出必須絞盡腦汁才能回答的問題。

The world is full of right answers to bad questions. While teaching, I
sometimes find good questions.
我們這個世界有無窮無盡的正確答案來對付拙劣的問題。何況我在教學過程中有時也會想到一些出色的問題。

I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out
of the ivory tower and into the real world.
我教書，是因為我喜歡想方設法使自己和我的學生從象牙塔里走出來，步入現實世界。 I once taught a course called
"Self-Reliance in a Technological Society." My 15 students read Emerson,
Thoreau, and Huxley. They kept diaries. They wrote term papers.
我曾經開過一門叫做「在工業技術社會里如何自力更生」的課程。我教的15位學生讀了愛默生、梭洛和赫胥黎的作品，記了日記，還寫了學期論文。

But we also set up a corporation, borrowed money, purchased a run-down
house and practiced self-reliance by renovating it.
但除此而外，我們還辦起一個公司，借錢買下一所破舊的房屋，通過對這一建築物的整修翻新，我們就自力更生這一課題進行了一次實踐活動。 At the end of
the semester, we sold the house, repaid our loan, paid our taxes, and
distributed the profits among the group. 在期末我們把房子賣掉，還清貸款，繳了稅，餘下的收益分給了參加實踐的學生。 So
teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep
on learning. 所以說，教學使我的工作進程有了規律，使我的生活變得豐富多彩，教學向我提出了挑戰，也給了我不斷學習的機會。I have left
out, however, the most important reasons why I teach.
不過，我要教書的最重要的幾個原因還沒有講到呢。

One is Vicky. My first doctoral student, Vicky was an energetic student who
labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet.
其中一個原因與維基有關。維基是我的第一個博士生。她精力充沛，孜孜不倦地撰寫她那篇論述14世紀一位不知名詩人的學位論文。 She wrote articles
and sent them off to learned journals. She did it all herself, with an
occasional nudge from me. 她寫過一些文章，寄給了學術刊物。這一切都由她獨立完成，我偶爾從旁略加指點。

But I was there when she finished her dissertation, learned that her
articles were accepted, got a job and won a fellowship to Harvard working on a
book developing ideas she'd first had as my student.
我親眼看到了她完成論文，看到了她得悉自己的文章被採用，親眼目睹她找到了工作並獲得了在哈佛大學當研究員的職位，著書論述她在做我學生時萌發的思想。

Another reason is George, who started as an engineering student, then
switched to English because he decided he liked people better than things.
另一個原因與喬治有關。他開始學的是工程學，後來他深信自己愛人勝過愛物，所以改學英語。

There is Jeanne, who left college, but was brought back by her classmates
because they wanted her to see the end of the self-reliance house project.
還有珍妮。她中途輟學，但是她的同學把她拉了回來。因為他們想讓她看到自力更生整修舊房子這一項目的結果。 I was there when she came
back. I was there when she told me that she later became interested in the urban
poor and went on to become a civil rights lawyer.
我親眼看到她回來了。我親耳聽到她對我說，她後來對城市貧民產生了興趣，繼而成了捍衛公民權的律師。

There is Jacqui, a cleaning woman who knows more by intuition than most of
us learn by analysis. 還要提一提清潔女工傑基。她憑直覺了解的事情比我們多數人通過分析弄清的東西還要多。

Jacqui has decided to finish high school and go to college.
傑基已經決定讀完中學，然後還要上大學。

These are the real reasons I teach, these people who grow and change in
front of me. 這些在我眼前成長、變化的人，便是我要當教師的真正原因。

Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to
breathe. 當一名教師意味著是創造的見證人，他目睹人體開始呼吸，開始了生命。

A "promotion" out of teaching would give me money and power. But I have
money. 「升職了」，不再教書了，也許會給我帶來金錢和權力。 I get paid to do what I enjoy: reading, talking
with people, and asking question like, "What is the point of being rich?"
可是我現在也有錢。我拿了薪金去做自己樂意做的事：讀書、交談、提問，比如問：「做個富翁有什麼意思呢?」And I have power. I have the
power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What
other power matters? 我現在還有權呢。我有權啟迪，有權激發才智，有權開出書目，有權指點迷津。還有其他什麼權力更值得考慮呢?

But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love.
但教書還會帶來金錢和權力以外的東西：那便是愛。

Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love
that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher's life and
begins to breathe. 不僅是愛學習、愛書本、愛思想，而且還有老師對出類拔萃的學生的愛。這樣的學生走進了老師的生活，老師自己也開始成長了。

Perhaps love is the wrong word: magic might be better.
「愛」這個字也許用得不恰當：用「魔力」可能更為貼切。

I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I
occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.
我教書，是因為在與開始成長的學生朝夕相處時，我有時感到自己也和他們一起開始成長了。

And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest
books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters?
我現在還有權呢。我有權啟迪，有權激發才智，有權開出書目，有權指點迷津。還有其他什麼權力更值得考慮呢? But teaching offers something
besides money and power: it offers love. 但教書還會帶來金錢和權力以外的東西：那便是愛。Not only the
love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels
for that rare student who walks into a teacher's life and begins to breathe.
不僅是愛學習、愛書本、愛思想，而且還有老師對出類拔萃的學生的愛。這樣的學生走進了老師的生活，老師自己也開始成長了。Perhaps love is the
wrong word: magic might be better. 「愛」這個字也許用得不恰當：用「魔力」可能更為貼切。I teach because,
being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself
catching my breath with them. 我教書，是因為在與開始成長的學生朝夕相處時，我有時感到自己也和他們一起開始成長了。

希望對你有用！

2. 大學英語精讀第一冊第1課內容講解

大學英語精讀第一冊第1課內容講解

導語：《大學英語精讀》選材力求題材、體裁多樣，內鍵羨容豐富有稿培拍趣並有定的啟發性。下面我分享大學中岩英語精讀中的一篇課文及筆記，歡迎參考!

Unit One: How to Improve Your Study Habits

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Want to know how to improve your grades without having to spend more time studying? Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on...

How to Improve Your Study Habits

Terhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here's how:

1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schele or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn't occupy all of the free time on the schele. It's important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schele may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.

2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject.

3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.

4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.

5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on test.

6. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make your knowledge permanent.

There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. Improving your study habits will improve your grades.

NEW WORDS

average

n. ordinary 普通的;中等的

intelligence

n. ability to learn and understand 智力

necessarily

ad. inevitably 必定

case

n. what has really happened; actual condition 實情

additional

a. added 附加的，額外的

n. addition

weekly

a. done or happening every week 每周的;一周一次的`

schele

n. timetable 時間表

chart

n. (sheet of paper with) information written or drawn in the form of a picture 圖(表)

commit

vt. 指定...用於

aside

ad. to the side在旁邊;到(向)一邊

etc

(Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things等等

normal

a. usual正常的

reading

n. the act or practice of reading閱讀

assignment

n. sth. given out as a task(布置的)作業

occupy

n. take up佔用

relaxation

n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement休息，娛樂

relax

v.

hobby

n. what one likes to do in one's free time業余愛好

entertainment

n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy娛樂

entertain

vt.

solve

vt. find an answer to (a problem)解決(問題)

aware

a. having knowledge or understanding知道的;意識到的

furthermore

ad. moreover; in addition而且;此外

enable

vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.)使(某人)能(做某事)

activity

n. sth. (to be) done 活動

adequate

a. as much as one needs; enough充分的;足夠的

distraction

n. sth. that draws away the mind or attention分心(或分散注意力)的事物

concentrate (on or upon)

vi. pay close attention (to)全神貫注(於)

skim

vt. read quickly to get the main ideas (of)略讀

preview

vt. have a general view of (sth.) beforehand預習

content

n. what is written in a book, etc.內容

organize

vt. form into a whole組織

later

ad. 後來;以後

skip

vt. pass over略過

portion

n. part; share一部分;一份

double

v. make or become twice as great or as many(使)增加一倍

comprehension

n. the act of understanding or ability to understand理解(力)

mention

vt. speak or write about (sth.) in a few words提及

confused

a. mixed up in one's mind迷惑的，混淆的

confuse

vt.

textbook

n. a standard book for the study of a subject教科書;課本

performance

n. achievement成績

meaningful

a. having important meaning or value富有意義的

attitude

n. what one thinks about sth.態度，看法

purpose

n. aim目的，意圖

excessively

ad. too much過多地，過分地

excessive

a.

permanent

a. lasting for a long time; never changing持久的;永久的

technique

n. way of doing sth.技巧，方法

helpful

a. useful; providing help or wiling to help有益的;給予幫助的，肯幫忙的

PHRASES & EXPRSSIONS

fill in

write in填寫，填充

decide on

make a choice or decision about選定，決定

set aside

save for a special purpose留出

as well

also; too; in addition也，還;同樣

be aware (of)

know (sth.); know (what is happening)知道，意識到

concentrate on

direct one's attention, efforts, etc. to全神貫注於

look over

examine (quickly)把...看一遍，過目

go over

review 復習

lead to

result in 導致

;

3. 大學英語精讀第三冊第8課Daydream a Little

大學英語精讀第三冊第8課Daydream a Little

導語：白日夢是指清醒時的腦內所產生的'幻想及影像，通常是開心的念頭、希望或野心。下面是一篇關於白日夢的英語含冊正課文，歡迎大家來學習。

Text

Daydreaming has always had reputation, but now scientific research has revealed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.

Daydream a Little

Eugene Raudsepp

"Daydreaming again, Barb? You'll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way! Can'姿清t you find something useful to do?" Many youngsters have heard words like those from their parents. And until recently this hostile attitude towards daydreaming was the most common one. Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered and unhealthy escape from real life and its ties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do.

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest. But then researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers. They learned that sleepers who aren't allowed to dream lost the benefits of rest. They become tense and anxious. They become irritable. They have trouble concentrating. Their mental health is temporarily damaged. To feel well again, they must be allowed to dream.

Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to mental health. Daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have concted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.

談悔Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, this same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to detail. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to proce improved self-control and creative abilities.

But that's only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Instrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was e to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that "you can imagine your future." Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these notable achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.

Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick believed that the way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out. He offered this advice: "Hold a picture of yourself … in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it. Picture yourself vividly as defeated, and that will make victory impossible. Picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift ……"

The experiences of some athletes seem to confirm this belief. For instance, John Uelses, a former pole-vaulting champion, used daydreaming techniques before each meet. He would imagine himself winning. He would vividly picture himself clearing the bar at a certain height. He would go over all the details in his mind. He would picture the stadium and the crowds. He'd even imagine the smell of the grass and the earth. He said that this exercise of the imagination left memory traces in his mind that would later help his actual performance.

Why would a mental vision of success help proce real success? Dr. Maxwel Maltz, a surgeon and author, say this: "Your nervous system cannot tell the difference between an imagined experience and real experience. In either case it reacts automatically to information that you give it …… It reacts appropriately to what you think or imagine to be true."

He believes that purposeful daydreaming builds new "memories" in the brain. These positive memories improve a person's self-image. And self-image has an important effect on a person's action and accomplishments.

Can you use purposeful daydreaming to shape your own future? Why not try? Here is how those who believe in creative daydreaming recommend going about it. Choose a time when you can be alone and undisturbed. Close your eyes, to permit your imagination to soar more freely. Many people find that they get best results by pretending that they are sitting before a large screen. They project the desired image of themselves onto that screen.

Now picture yourself —— as vividly as possible ——the way you want to be. Remember to picture your desired goals as if you had already attained them. Go over all the details of this picture. See them clearly and sharply. Impress them strongly on your memory. The resulting memory traces will supposedly start affecting your everyday life. They will help lead you to the attainment to your goals.

Of course daydreaming is no substitute for hard work. If it's athletic achievement you want, you also have to get lots of practice in your sport. You have to work hard to develop skills. If it's school success you're after, you can't neglect studying Daydreaming alone can't turn you into your heart's desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of self-development, it might make a critical difference. It could be the difference between becoming merely good at something and becoming a champion.

If what researchers are saying is true, a life lived without fantasies and daydreams isn't as rich and rewarding as life can be. So they suggest setting aside a few minutes each day for daydreaming. By so doing, you may improve your physical and mental well-being. By taking a ten-or fifteen-minute "vacation" into the realm of imagination each day, you may add much to the excitement and enjoyment of your life. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.

New words

hostile

a. unfriendly; belonging to an enemy 敵對的

view

vt. consider, regard

escape

n. & v. 逃跑;逃避

nighttime

a. occurring at night

interfere

vi. get in the way of another 干涉;妨礙

interference n.

researcher

n. advantage, profit, good effect 益處

tense

a. feeling or showing nervous anxiety 緊張的

irritable

a. easily annoyed or made angry

means

n. method or way

psychologist

n. person who has studied or is skilled in psychology 心理學家

contribute

vi. help in bringing about 貢獻

growth

n. growing; development

concentration

n. concentrating or being concentrated

span

n. length of time ring which sth. Continuses or works well 一段時間

self-control

n. control of one's own feelings, behavior, etc.

creative

a. having the power to create; inventive

remarkable

a. deserving attention; unusual, out of the ordinary 顯著的;非凡的

shape

vt. influence and determine the course or form of 形成，塑造

instrialist

n. one owing an instry or engaged in its management

maintain

vt. state or assert as true; keep up 斷言;維持

picture

vt. imagine; make a picture of

inventor

n. a person who makes up or proces sth. new

notable

a. outstanding; worthy of notice 著名的;值得注意的

achiever

n. one who achieves; winner

vividly

ad. in a lively manner 生動地;逼真的

vivid a.

immeasurably

ad. to an extent or degree too great to be measured; beyond measure

driftvi. float or be driven along by wind, waves or currents 漂(流)

athlete

n. person who is trained and skilled in physical exercises and who competes in games that need strength and speed 運動員

pole-vaulting

n. jumping with the help of a long pole held in the hand 撐竿跳

champion

n. person or team taking the first place in competition 冠軍

meet

n. (AmE) gathering esp. for competitive sports

clear

vt. get past or over without touching

bar

n. 橫竿;桿;條狀物

stadium

n. 露天體育場

trace

n. mark showing that sb. or sth. has existed or happened 痕跡

memory trace

chemical change occurring in the brain when new information is absorbed and remembered 記憶痕(腦部吸收或記憶信息時所產生的化學變化)

vision

n. sth. seen in the mind's eye; the power of imagination 想像(力)

automatically

ad. 自動地;無意識地

automatic a.

appropriately

ad. properly, suitably

appropriate a.

purposeful

a. having a conscious purpose

self-image

n. view of oneself 自我形象

accomplishment

n. sth. completely and successfully done 成就

recommend

vt. advise or suggest; speak favorably of 建議;推薦

soar

vi. fly or go up high in the air; rise 翱翔;升騰

screen

n. white surface on which cinema films, TV programs, etc. are sown 銀幕;屏幕

project

vt. cause a picture from a film or slide to fall on a surface, etc. 映，投射

goal

n. one's aim or purpose 目標

attain

vt. succeed in arriving at, esp. after effort, reach 獲得;達到

attainment

n. the act of attaining; (usu. pl) sth. successfully reached or learnt, esp. a skill

substitute

n. a person or thing acting in place of another 代替者;代用品

athletic

a. having to do with active games and sports; of or concerning athletes

achievement

n. sth. successfully finished or gained 成就

after

prep. in pursuit of; in search of

neglect

vt. pay no attention to; give no or not enough care to 忽視

combination

n. joining or putting together 結合

method

n. way of doing sth.

merely

ad. only; simply

well-being

n. health and happiness; welfare 康樂;安康

vacation

n. time of rest and freedom from work of school; holiday

realm

n. area; kingdom 領域;王國

enjoyment

n. the act or fact of enjoying; pleasure; satisfaction

PHRASES & EXPRESSION

amount to

develop into; be equal to

interfere with

hinder, affect; interrupt 干擾;妨礙

contribute to

help to achieve; give help towards 有助於

get along with

have a friendly relationship with

e to

because of; cause by

come true

happen just as was wished, expected, or dreamt

go about

make a start at; undertake 著手做

PROPER NAMES

Barb

巴勃(女子名，Barbara 的昵稱)

Joan T. Freyberg

瓊.T.弗賴伯格

Kaiser

凱澤(姓氏)

Florence Nightingale

佛洛倫斯.南丁格爾

Fosdick

福斯迪克(姓氏)

Uelses

尤爾塞斯(姓氏)

Maxwell Maltz

馬克斯韋爾.莫爾茨

;

4. 大學英語精讀 第三冊課文翻譯 全部

Unit 1 法律小沖突
一個年輕人發現，在街上漫無目的的閑逛也會帶來涉及法律上的麻煩。一種誤解導致另一種誤解，直到最終他必須在法庭上接受審判…….
法律小沖突
我平生只有一次陷入與法律的沖突。被捕與被帶上法庭的整個經過在當時是一種令人極不愉快的經歷，但現在這卻成為一個好故事的素材。尤其令人惱怒的是我被捕及隨後在法庭上受審期間的種種武斷情形。
事情發生在十二年前的二月，那是我中學畢業已經幾個月了，但是要等到十月份才能上大學，所以當時我仍在家中。
一天上午，我來到離我住地不遠的倫敦郊區的里士滿，那是我正在找一份臨時的工作，一邊攢些錢去旅遊。由於天體晴朗，有沒有什麼急事，我便悠然自得的看看窗店櫥窗，逛逛公園，有時乾脆停下來四處觀望。一定是這種顯然無所事事的樣子使我倒了霉。
事情發生在十一點半左右，當我在當地圖書館謀之未成，剛從那裡出來，就看見一個人從馬路對面走過來，顯然是想跟我說話。我願意為他是要問我時間。想不到他說他是警察，要逮捕我。開始我還以為這是個玩笑。但緊接著又來了一個穿著警服的警察，這下我無可置疑了。
「為什麼抓我？」我問。
「四處游盪，有作案嫌疑，」他說。
「做什麼案？」我又問。
「偷東西，」 他說。
「偷什麼」我追問。
「牛奶瓶」他說，表情極端嚴肅。
「噢，」
事情是這樣的，這一帶經常發生小偷小摸的案件，尤其是從門前台階上偷走牛奶瓶。
接著，我犯了個大錯誤，那是我才十九歲，留著一頭亂蓬蓬的長發，自以為是六十年代「青年反主流文化」的一員。因此，我想對此表現出一副冷漠，滿不在乎的態度，於是用一種很隨便的無所謂的腔調說：「你們跟我多久了？」這樣一來，我在他們眼裡，我是慣於此種情形的，這又使他們確信我是一個徹頭徹尾的壞蛋。
幾分鍾後來了一輛警車。
「坐到後面去，」他們說：「把手放在椅背上，不許亂動。」他倆分別坐在我的左右，這下可不是鬧著玩的了。
在警察局，他們審問了我好幾個小時。我繼續裝著老於世故，對此種事習以為常的樣子。當他們問我一直在干什麼事時，我告訴他們我在找工作。「啊哈」，這下我可看到他們在想，「無業遊民」。
最後，我被正式指控，並得到通知下周一到里士滿地方法院受審。他們這才讓我走。
我本想在法庭上自我辯護，但是父親一弄清事情原委後，就為我請了一位很不錯的律師。就在那個星期一，我們帶著各種證人出庭了，這其中包括我的中學英語教師作為我的平行見證人。但法庭沒有傳喚他作證。對我的「審判」並沒有進行到那一步，才開庭十五分鍾，法官就駁回了此案。我被無罪釋放。可憐的警察毫無勝訴的機會。我的律師甚至成功的使警察承擔了訴訟費。
這樣， 我沒有留下任何犯罪記錄。但當時，最令人震驚的是我被無罪釋放所明顯依賴的證據：我有標準的口音，有受人尊重的中產階級父母來到法庭，有可靠的證人，還有，很明顯我請得起很好的律師。想到這次指控的含混不清的特點，我敢斷定，我如果出生在一個不同背景的家庭，並真失了業，則完全可能被判為有罪。當我的律師要求賠償訴訟費時，他的辯詞很顯然的緊緊圍繞著我「學習成績優異」這一事實。
與此同時，在法庭外面，曾逮捕我的警察中的一個沮喪的想我的母親抱怨說，又有一個小夥子要與警察做對了。他以責備的口氣對我說：「我們抓你的時候，你本可以幫幫忙的。」
他這話是什麼意思？也許是說我因該做出大發雷霆的樣子，並說：「喂，你們知道是在和誰說話么？我是品學兼優的高材生。你們怎麼敢抓我？」那樣的話，他們也許會向我道歉，可能還會脫帽致意，讓我揚長而去。
Unit 2 獲益匪淺的問題
1、不久前的一個晚上在餐桌旁，我的三個孩子---年齡分別為9歲、6歲、4歲---暫時停止爭搶食物，騰出世紀教我認識什麼是範式變換、什麼是線性思考的局限以及如何重新看待相關的各種因素。
2、事情是這樣的：當時我們在玩自己那套只動嘴的「哪個不是同一類？」的芝麻街游戲。本來玩這游戲時，孩子們要看三張畫並挑出那張不屬同一類的畫。我說：「來吧，哪個不是同一類，橘子，西紅柿還是草莓？」
3、老大很快就說出了自以為非常得意的答案：「西紅柿，因為其他兩種是水果。」我承認這是正確答案，盡管有些純粹主義者堅決認為西紅柿是一種水果。對我們這些從小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西紅柿的人來說，西紅柿永遠是蔬菜。我正准備再出一道三種東西為一組的題目時，我4歲的孩子說：「正確答案是草莓，因為另外兩種是園的，草莓卻不圓。」我怎麼能駁斥這種論點呢？
4、接著，我6歲的孩子說：「不屬同一類的是橘子，因為另外兩種是紅色的。」9歲的孩子不想讓弟妹占上風，說道：「不是同一類的也可以是橘子，因為其他的兩種長在藤上。」
5、老二把這看作對他發出的挑戰，「可以是草莓，因為只有草莓會放在冰淇淋上。」
6、毫無疑問，這里正發生著什麼事兒。這事兒比爭搶食物還亂，比西紅柿是水果還是蔬菜重要的多。哥白尼把太陽視為宇宙中心，重新調整了地心說這一長達數世紀的範式，我的孩子們正坐著哥白尼當年做的事。魯賓 馬修斯把他的布朗克斯冰淇淋改名為哈根達斯，在不改變產品的情況下提高了價格，我的孩子們正做著魯賓 馬修斯做過的事。愛德華 詹納放棄了尋找治療天花的特效葯，從而發現了能預防這一疾病的疫苗，我的孩子們正做著愛德華詹納做過的事。
7、他不去研究得了天花的患者，而是去研究接觸天花卻染上此病的人，他發現他們都患了一種類似天花但比較輕微的疾病：牛痘；牛痘使他們得以防止染上致命的天花。
8、他們在重新看待相關的各種因素，他們在重新認識他們的問題。他們重新表述他們的問題。總之，據托馬斯 庫恩在他們的《科學革命的結構》一書中所言，他們正做著歷史上有過重大發現的科學家都曾做過的事：他們在改變就的範式。
9、但假若我們的游戲是學校里做在作業本上的練習，那麼沒有把西紅柿圈出來的孩子全部會 被批為答錯。凡沒有把問題解讀為「哪個不是水果」的孩子都是錯的。也許這種情形說明了為什麼世界上最傑出的科學家和發明家中有那麼多的人讀書時是不及格的學生。其中最引人注目的是阿爾伯特 愛因斯坦，他也許是本世紀最有影響的範式改變者。
10、這樣說，並不是想對學校評頭品足。天知道，發一通議論太容易了。這樣說，不過是想提醒大家信息的價值實在是有限的。我提出這一點，是因為我們的社會似乎發展到了這樣一個階段，人人都大聲要求得到更多的技術，大聲要求即刻享用增多的信息。
11、學生們必須聯機。你們家必須用數碼與環球信息網連通。企業必須能即時下載大量資料。但是，除非我們改變範式、重新看待相關的各種因素，否則，信息高速公路就不會給我們帶來什麼結果。
12、無論是現在還是最近，我們都不缺信息。試想我們擁有的信息比四百年前的哥白尼多了多少。但他作出了足以震撼地球的（權作雙關語）驚人之舉，完全改變了人們對宇宙的看法。他作出此舉不是靠發現更多的信息，而是靠用不同的目光來看大家都看到過的信息。愛德華 詹納不是靠積累信息發明預防葯物，而是靠重新表述問題。
13、當我們開始駛入信息高速公路時，我們所需要的不是更多的信息，而是看信息的新方法。我們應該像我的孩子所做的那樣，去發現有一個以上的正確答案、有一個以上正確的問題、有一個以上看一堆信息的方法。我們應該記住：當你只有一把錘子時，你往往把每個問題都看作釘子。
Unit 3 我為何教書
你為什麼教書呢？當我告訴我的朋友我不想做任何行政職務時，他向我提出了這個問題。他感到大惑不解的是，為什麼所有的美國人受到的教育都是長大後追求金錢和權利，而不是想要明明是通往這個目標的一個「階梯」性的工作
當然，我教書並不是應為教書對我而言很容易。我曾做過多種工作來賺錢謀生，如做機修工，木工，作家，而教書是其中最難的。對我來說教書是一件令人眼睛紅腫，掌心出汗，精神沮喪的職業。眼睛紅腫是因為無論我備課到多晚從未覺得胸有成竹。掌心出汗是因為在走進教室之前，我總是非常緊張，學生們肯定會發現我原來是個笨蛋。精神沮喪是因為我一個小時後我走出教室時總會覺得這節課比平常更加枯燥無味。
我教書也不是因為我認為自己能夠解答問題，或因為我覺得自己有非與人分享不可的知識。又使我感到驚愕不已，因為學生竟真的把我課堂上講的東西做了筆記。
那麼我為什麼還要教書呢？
我教書，是因為我喜歡教學日歷的節奏。六月，七月，八月提供了思索，研究和寫作的機會。
我教書，是因為教書是一種以變化為基礎的職業。當教材不變時，我在變-------更重要的是我的學生在變。
我教書，是因為我喜歡自由，我又犯錯誤的自由，吸取教訓的自由，激勵自己，激勵學生的自由。作為教師，我是自己的老闆。如果我讓一年級的學生通過自己編寫課本的方式學習寫作，誰會干涉我呢？這樣的課程也許會徹底失敗，但我們都可以從失敗中學習到很多東西。
我教書，是因為我喜歡問學生一些需要絞盡腦汁才能回答的問題。這個世界充滿了拙劣問題的正確答案。而我在教學中，有時也會發現一些不錯的問題。
我教書，是因為我喜歡找到一些是我自己和學生們走出象牙塔，步入現實世界的方法。我曾經開過一門叫做「在技術社會里如何自己更生」的課程。我的十五個學生讀了愛默生，梭洛和赫胥黎的作品，他們記了日記，並寫了學期論文。
但我們也組建了一個公司，借錢買了一座破舊的房子，通過對這座房子的整修翻新，我們實踐了自力更生的這一課題。學期末，我們賣掉了房子還清了貸款，交了稅，所生的利潤大家分了。
所以教書是我的生活節奏分明豐富多彩，也向我提出了挑戰，給了我不斷學習的機會
不過，我還沒講到我教書最重要的原因呢.
其中一個原因是維基。她是我的第一個博士，是一個精力充沛的學生。他孜孜不倦地撰寫了一篇關於一個鮮為人知的十四世紀的詩人的學位論文。他還寫過幾篇文章，並寄給了學術刊物。她獨立完成了這一切，只是偶爾從我這里得到一些啟示。我親眼看到她完成了論文，並得到她的文章已被採用。我還親眼看到她找到工作，並獲得了哈佛大學的研究學員的職位，著書論述在當我的學生時萌發的思想。
另一個原因就是喬治。他本來是我的工程學學生，後來他認定自己的愛人之心勝過愛物之心，就轉而學英語了。
還有珍妮，他中途輟學，但是他被同學們拉了回來，因為他們想讓她看看自力更生整修的舊房的結果。我請眼看到她回來了，親耳聽到她對我說，她後來對城市貧民產生了興趣，繼而成了一名維護公民權的律師。
還得提一提清潔女工傑基，她憑直覺了解的事情比我們中大多數人通過分析學到的東西還要多。傑基已經決定讀完高中後還要上大學。
這些在我眼前成長，變化的人就是我當教師的真正原因。當一名教師意味著親眼看見泥人開始呼吸這一創造性的成果。
「提升」了，不在教書了，也許會給我帶來金錢和權利。但是我有錢，我拿了工資去做我喜歡做的事情： 讀書，與人交談，提出諸如「富有的意義何在?」之類的問題。
我也有權利，我有權給與啟示，激發才能，有權開出書目，為人指點迷津。還有比這更重大的權利么？
而教書還可也帶來金錢和權利以外的東西，這就是愛。不僅是愛學習，愛讀書，愛思想，而且還有老師對走人自己生活，並開始脫引而出的學生的愛。「愛」這個字用在這里也學並不恰當，「魔力」可能更貼切些。
我教書，是因為與開始獲得新生的學生在一起，我有時覺得也與他們一起獲得了新生。
Unit 4 一位球迷的評論
1 這封電子郵件在某些方面與我收到的其他刻薄的信件相似。它痛斥我對洛杉磯道奇隊的評論，並爭辯說我把一切全都搞錯了。然而，這個評論與其他的評論至少有兩個方面不同。
2 與通常那些「你是個白痴」的評論不同的是，這一評論含有更多的細節。它包含了該隊比賽表現的關鍵數據。寫這篇評論的人對洛杉磯道奇隊的了解絕不亞於我自認為對它的了解。
3 而且這一評論是署名的。作者的名字叫薩拉•莫里斯。
4 我被深深打動，於是給她回信。一點也沒有想到這一封信引出了一段非同尋常的來往。
5 我可以問您一個問題嗎？兩年來，我一直經營著我的道奇隊網站。你是怎麼成為一個棒球評論專欄作家的？這可是我的夢。
6 這是薩拉的第二封電子郵件，它的到來一點也不意外。我每次對人微笑一下，人家就向我要一份工作。但是另一個事兒引起了我的注意。這就是信的最後一行字里的拼寫錯誤，是關於「我的夢」那一部分。
7 也許薩拉就是一個打字很糟糕的人。但也許她真的是在尋找某個目標，但就是一字之差，還沒有找著。
8 這就值得再回她一封信，於是我讓她解釋。
9 我今年30歲。……因為我身有殘疾，花了5年的時間才讀完大專拿到文憑。……在棒球賽季，我每個星期平均花55小時寫球賽報道，寫評論，做研究，聽比賽或者看比賽。
10 薩拉稱她的網站為「道奇地」。我搜索了一下，什麼也沒有找著。後來我重讀她的電子郵件， 發現在她的電子郵件最底下掛了一個地址
11 我點擊該地址。網站並不花哨。但是她以一個作家的嚴肅態度對該隊進行了詳細報道。不過，我還是不禁要問，有人讀嗎？
12 ：從來沒有人在我的來賓登記簿上簽名。我一個月收到一封信。
13 所以，這里是一個身體殘疾的婦女，她對道奇隊的報道之廣泛不亞於美國任何一個記者， 可她卻在為一個幾乎不為人知的網站寫作，網站的名字很怪很難記，讀者大概有兩個人。
14 我想她那個夢所缺的遠遠不只是拼寫里頭少了一個字母r。
15 我建起了自己的網站希望能找到一份工作。不過運氣不佳。因為我使用一根綁在頭上的小棒打字，最高的打字速度是每分鍾8個字，可這又有什麼要緊的呢？我的腦子挺好使，我對工作非常專注。這才是人們成功的關鍵。
16 使用一根綁在頭上的小棒打字？
17 我問她要用多少時間寫她那通常為400字的文章。
18 三到四小時。
19 我做了一件我以前從來沒有和互聯網上的陌生人做過的事情。
20 我讓薩拉•莫里斯給我打電話。
21 我說話有障礙，無法使用電話。
22 這就證明了我的懷疑。這顯然是一個精心策劃的騙局。這一位所謂女性作家很可能是一個45歲的男性管子工。
23 我決定結束與此人的通信。可就在那時我又收到一封電子郵件。
24 我的殘疾是腦癱。……它影響肌肉神經的控制。……當我的腦子告訴我的手去敲擊字鍵時， 我會挪動我的腿，碰擊桌子，並在這一過程中同時碰擊六個其他的字鍵。
25 當我的母親解釋我的殘疾時，她告訴我說，如果我比別人努力三倍，我就可以成就我要做的任何事情。
26 她寫道，她在帕薩迪拉長大的時候成了道奇隊的球迷。她上布萊爾高級中學二年級的時候，一位校少年棒球隊的教練叫她去做球隊的統計員。她做了，用的是一個打字機和一根綁在頭上的小棒。
27 她說由於她跟棒球結了緣，她才得以留在學校里，盡管她成績不好，每天還有數小時的令她脖子酸痛的家庭作業。
28 棒球給了我努力的目標 ……我可以做別的孩子做不了的事情 ……我想為給了我這么多的棒球做一點事情。
29 不錯，我就這么相信了她。有幾分信吧。在像她所稱的那種情況下，有誰能沒有最好的設備和幫助而報道一個棒球隊呢？我很好奇，所以我問她我能不能開車過去看她。 她同意了，並詳細告訴我路怎麼走，其中提到鄉下的泥路和沒有名字的街道。
30 我開車向東駛去，穿過得克薩斯的荒涼地帶。在一條蜿蜒曲折布滿小動物大小的坑窪的泥路上，我看到了樣子像舊工具棚的屋子。
31 但這不是一個工具棚，這是一所房子，一個被高高的雜草和廢棄物包圍的正在朽爛的小棚屋。
32 是不是這個地方呢？
33 一位身著舊T恤衫和裙子的婦女從棚屋裡走了出來。
34 「我是薩拉的母親，」洛伊•莫里斯一邊說一邊用她那粗糙的手握著我光滑的手。「她在等你呢。」
35 我從太陽光下走進去，打開一扇破爛的屏門，走進了陰暗的棚子，棚子里蜷縮在輪椅上的是一個87磅重的軀體。
36 她的四肢扭了一扭。她的頭轉了一轉。我們無法擁抱，甚至也無法握手。她只能張大眼睛看我，向我微笑。
37 可她那微笑里充滿了光芒！它穿透了由破爛的木地板、舊躺椅和結滿蜘蛛網的窗戶圍起來的黑暗空間。
38 我不忍心看別的任何東西，所以我的眼睛只盯住她那微笑，它是那麼清晰，那麼自信， 它甚至令我的多數懷疑一掃而光。但我還是要問，這就是莎拉•莫里斯嗎？
39 她開始在輪椅里搖晃，嘴裡發出聲音。我以為她在咳嗽。
40 可實際上，她是在說話。她的母親為她翻譯。「我要給你看點東西。」薩拉說。
41 洛伊把她推到搭在煤灰磚上的一張舊書桌前。桌子上放著一台計算機。計算機旁是一台電視機。她的母親將一根小棒綁在她女兒的太陽穴上。
42 薩拉趴在計算機上，用綁在她頭上的棍子調出道奇地網站上的一篇報道。她開始一啄一啄地在這篇報道上添字加句。
43 她抬起頭看我並發出咯咯的笑聲。我低頭看她，心裡充滿了驚奇──還有羞愧。
44 這真的就是薩拉•莫里斯。 這個偉大的薩拉•莫里斯。
45 幾個月前我與薩拉•莫里斯聯系的時候是想跟她干一仗。現在看著她在這個黑暗的房間里吃力地打著字寫一篇或許根本沒有人看的文章，我明白了這一仗是怎麼一回事。
46 不過，這一仗不是跟薩拉打，而是跟自己打。這一仗和體育界在現今玩世不恭的年代裡每天都在經歷的一模一樣。那就是要相信運動員仍然可以是英雄的搏鬥。
47 在一個遠離這種懷疑的地方，一個心智充滿神奇的薩拉•莫里斯幫我找回了信任。
Unit 5 媽媽哭泣的那一天
很久以前一個昏暗的冬日，我放學回家時從滿了期望。我胳膊下夾著一期新的我喜歡的體育雜志，房子里將會是就我一個人。爸爸上班，妹妹不在家，媽媽找了份工作，一小時內不會回家。我蹦上台階，沖進起居室，啪地開了燈。
眼前的景象把我驚呆了：媽媽身子緊縮成一團，臉埋在手裡，坐在沙發上的另一端。她在哭。我以前從沒有見過她哭，我小心翼翼地走近些，拍拍她的肩膀。「媽？」我說：「怎麼了？」她長舒一口氣，擠出一絲笑容。「沒什麼，真的，沒什麼大不了的，只是我要失去這份新的工作，我打字不夠快！」
「但你到那兒才三天，」我說，「你會跟上的。」我再重復媽媽對我說過上百次的一句話。每當我學習上或做一些對我很重要的事情遇到麻煩時，她就這樣說。
「不行」她難過地說。「過去我總說我能做到我決心做到的一切事情，現在我仍然認為在多數事情上我能做到，但這次我不行。」
我無能力，不知所措。16歲的我還認為媽媽無所不能。幾年前，我們賣掉牧場搬進城時媽媽決定開家日托所。她以前沒有受過這方面的訓練，但這沒有難住她。她參加幼托所函授學習，做練習。六個月後正式獲得了幼托所看護資格，不久托兒所就招生滿額，而且還有孩子等著入托，我認為媽媽理所當然有能力做到這個。
但是日托所和父母後來買的汽車旅館都不能提供足夠的錢供妹妹和我上大學。兩年後我該上大學了，再過三年妹妹也要上學了。時間不多了，媽媽拚命想掙錢。很清楚，爸爸已經盡了最大努力---------出了一份全日工作外，還種著80英畝地。
在賣掉汽車旅館的幾個月後，媽媽帶了一台舊打字機回家，這台打字機有時要跳字，鍵盤也很松。那天晚飯時，我說這台機器就是「廢品一件」
「我們只能買得起這個」媽媽說，「用著聯系夠了」從那天起，飯桌一收拾干凈，碟子洗完，媽媽就鑽進她的縫紉間練習，有幾晚那緩慢的嗒，嗒，嗒的聲音一直持續到午夜。
就快聖誕了，我聽到媽媽在廣播站找到了份工作，我一點也不吃驚，也沒怎麼當回事。但她非常高興。
星期一，她第一天下班回來，我就發現她不再激動，她看上去很困，臉綳著，我沒理會她。
星期二，爸爸做了晚飯，收拾了廚房，媽媽呆在她的縫紉間練習。「媽媽沒事吧？」我問爸爸。
「她打字遇到了些麻煩，」他說「她需要練習，我想如果我們多幫她一點，她會感激的。」
「我已經做了很多了，」我說，我立刻戒備了起來。
「我知道，」爸爸平靜地說：「但你可以做得更多。你可得記著她工作主要是為了你們能上大學。」
說實話，我並不在乎能不能上大學，我希望她能忘了這碼事。
星期三，當我發現媽媽哭泣時的驚訝和窘迫，完全證明我多麼不理解她所承受的壓力。挨著他坐在沙發上時，我開始慢慢的理解了.
「我想我們有時都難免有失敗，」媽媽靜靜的說，我能體會到她的痛苦，也能體會到她為了我的闖入打斷的強烈情感的發泄所感到的緊張。突然，我的心被打動了，我伸出胳膊，摟住了她。
媽媽再也控制不住了，她把臉枕在我的肩上，抽泣起來，我抱緊了她，不想說話。我知道我正做我應該做的，我能做的，這就夠了。在那一刻，感覺到媽媽的北由於激動在顫抖，我第一次領會到她的脆弱，她還是我媽媽，但又不僅如此：她還是一個像我一樣的人，會害怕，會受傷，會失敗。我能感到她的痛苦，就像上千次我在她的懷里尋找安慰時他能感受到我一樣。
一周後，媽媽找了份賣紡織品的工作，掙的錢只有廣播站一半多。「這份工作我做的來，「她簡單地說道，但夜晚在那台老舊的綠色打字機上的練習還在繼續。現在，當我晚上走過她的房間，聽到她打字的聲音，我有一種完全不同的心情。我知道那兒不僅僅是一個女人在練習打字。
兩年後我離家上大學時，媽媽有了一份報酬更多，責任更大的工作。我不能不認為以某種奇特的方式，媽媽從她失敗的那刻學到的東西和我一樣多，因為幾年後，當我上完學，自豪的接受了一份報紙的記者工作時，媽媽已經是我們鎮報的記者6個月了。
現在，那太沒修的老掉牙的綠打字機就在我的辦公室，她是一個紀念品，但它所喚起的記憶對我和對媽媽是不怎麼一樣的。當我寫文章遇到困難想要放棄時，或者當我自憐自憫認為生活不應該為難我時，我就往那破舊的打字機里卷進一張紙，想媽媽當年一樣，一字一字費力地打起來。這是我想到的不是她的失敗，而是她的勇氣，繼續前進的勇氣。
這台打字機是我得到過的最好的紀念品。
因字數限制，剩下幾課不能輸入了！

5. 大學英語精讀1unit1課文翻譯是什麼

1) 史密斯太太對我抱怨說，她經常發現與自己十六歲的女兒簡直無法溝通。

Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.

2) 我堅信，閱讀簡寫的 (simplified) 英文小說是擴大我們詞彙量的一種輕松愉快的方法。

I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.

3) 我認為我們在保護環境不受污染 (pollution) 方面還做得不夠。

I don』t think we』re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.

4) 除了每周寫作文外，我們的英語老師還給我們布置了八本書在暑假裡閱讀。

In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read ring the summer vacation.

5) 我們從可靠的消息來源獲悉下學期一位以英語為母語的人將要教我們英語口語。

We』ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester.

6) 經常看英語電影不僅會提高你的聽力，而且還會幫助你培養說的技能。

Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.

7) 如果你們對這些學習策略有什麼問題，請隨便問我。我將更詳細地進行講解。

If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I』ll explain them in greater detail.

8) 那個加拿大女孩善於抓住每個機會講漢語。這就是她為什麼三年不到就熟練地掌握了漢語口語的原因。

The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That』s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.

大學英語精讀Unit2 翻譯

1) 幸好附近有家醫院，我們立刻把他送到了那裡。

Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once.

2) 勝利登上喬治島 (George Island) 後，船長向指揮部 (the headquarters) 發了一份無線電報。

After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to the headquarters.

3) 他決心繼續他的實驗，不過這一次他將用另一種方法來做。

He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he'll do it another way.

4) 她在讀這部小說時，不禁想起了她在農村度過的那五年。

When she read the novel, she couldn't help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside.

5) 瑪麗覺得單靠自己的力量執行她的計劃是困難的。

Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself.

6) 我們認為他不能在一刻鍾內走完那段距離，但他卻成功地做到了這一點。

We didn't think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it.

7) 甚至在他的醫生告訴他患有肺癌之後，奇切斯特仍不肯放棄環球航行的宿願。

Even after his doctor told him he had lung cancer, Chichester would not give up his old dream of sailing round the world.

8) 我正忙著做一種新的捕鼠 (rats) 裝置時，馬克走來拖著我出去看花展了。

I was busy making a new device for catching rats when Mark came and dragged me out to a flower show.

6. 大學英語精讀該怎麼學

以下是幾點英語學習方法的總結（希望可以幫到您）
一、 讀
每天都應堅持讀。
1、 朗讀：一般文章讀2~3遍，帶著理解去讀，而不只是為讀而讀。
2、 背誦：好的文章應背熟，以記住好詞好句，同時培養自己的語感。
3、 速讀：文章第一遍用最快的速度讀完，以提高閱讀速度和理解能力，並逐漸培養不翻譯直接理解英文的能力。
4、 精讀：文章第二遍應精讀，以達到對文章的准確理解，並熟悉語法結構，加深單詞記憶。也可選擇部分文章速讀，對於較好的文章精讀。
5、 泛讀：每天看1小時左右的英文報紙，在有興趣的基礎上閱讀能力會有很大提高。遇到不會的單詞在不影響文章理解的情況下可以略過去，從而提高自己的閱讀速度。如果想記憶單詞，則可查詞典，多次查閱記憶便能記住單詞。（堅持一兩個月就會有明顯效果）
二、 聽
1、 從最初級的聽力入手，聽懂每個單詞、每句話、每段話及每篇文章。逐步增加難度。每天至少半小時。
2、 跟讀英語，一方面加強聽力，一方面訓練口語，同時還能培養語感。注意發音的准確性。
三、 寫
1、 每兩天寫一篇英文日記或作文。
2、 用英語寫信或E-mail。
3、 注意語法的應用和詞彙的記憶。
四、 語法
1、 從基礎到高級，掌握每一個語法點，並作詳細筆記。筆記所記的都是自己所會的，直到把所有語法細節都掌握。
2、 對於不熟悉的語法知識點應反復復習運用，直到掌握為止。
五、 詞彙
1、 每天記憶100~150新單詞，並復習前一天的舊單詞。對於生疏的舊單詞，可記錄下來，安排適當時間記憶。
2、 所有單詞記憶完一遍之後緊接著再記一遍，三四遍並不為多。重復是記憶單詞的最好方法，也是很多記憶的根本方法。
3、 結合例句記憶單詞，效果最佳。記憶單詞應注意力集中，
六、 練習
1、 大量的練習可以鞏固所學知識。
2、 通過練習可以提高閱讀理解能力，增加詞彙量，加強對語法的掌握。

7. 大學英語精讀第三冊第二課內容講解

大學英語精讀第三冊第二課內容講解

導語：大學英語精讀是不少大學選用的英語教材，下面是一篇大學英語精讀當中的'英語課文，歡迎學習。

Text

Aunt Bettie is faced with a difficult decision. A wounded Union soldier is found hiding in a farmhouse near her home. She has to decide whether to help him or let him be captured. What will she choose to do?

The Woman Who Would Not Tell

Janice Keyser Lester

"I never did hate the Yankees. All that hated was the war.……"

That's how my great-aunt Bettie began her story. I heard it many times as a child, whenever my family visited Aunt Bettie in the old house in Berryville, Virginia. Aunt Bettie was almost 80 years old then. But I could picture her as she was in the story she told me —— barely 20, pretty, with bright blue eyes.

Bettie Van Metre had good reason to hate the Civil War. One of her brother was killed at Gettysburg, another taken prisoner. Then her young husband, James, a Confederate officer, was captured and sent to an unknown prison camp somewhere.

One hot day in late September Dick Runner, a former slave, came to Bettie with a strange report. He had been checking a farmhouse half a mile away from the Van Metre home, a farmhouse he thought was empty. But inside, he heard low groans. Following them to the attic, he found a wounded Union soldier, with a rifle at his side.

When Aunt Bettie told me about her first sight of the bearded man in the stained blue uniform, she always used the same words. "It was like walking into a nightmare: those awful bandages, that dreadful smell. That's what war is really like, child: no bugles and banners. Just pain and filth, futility and death."

To Bettie Van Metre this man was not an enemy but rather a suffering human being. She gave him water and tried to clean his terrible wounds. Then she went out into the cool air and leaned against the house, trying not to be sick as she thought of what she had seen —— that smashed right hand, that missing left leg.

The man's papers Bettie found in the attic established his identity: Lt. Henry Bedell, Company D, 11th Vermont Volunteers, 30 year old. She knew that she should report the presence of this Union officer to the Confederate army. But she also knew that she would not do it. This is how she explained it to me: "I kept wondering if he had a wife somewhere, waiting, and hoping, and not knowing —— just as I was. It seemed to me that the only thing that mattered was to get her husband back to her."

Slowly, patiently, skillfully, James Van Metre's wife fanned the spark of life that flickered in Henry Bedell. Of drugs or medicines she had almost none. And she was not willing to take any from the few supplies at the Confederate hospital. But she did the best she could with what she had.

As his strength returned, Bedell told Bettie about his wife and children in Westfield, Vermont. And BedelL listened as she told him about her brothers and about James. "I knew his wife must be praying for him," Aunt Bettie would say to me, "just as I was praying for James. It was strange how close I felt to her."

The October nights in the valley grew cold. The infection in Bedell's wounds flared up. With Dick and his wife, Jennie, helping, she moved the Union officer at night, to a bed in a hidden loft above the warm kitchen of her own home.

But the next day, Bedell had a high fever. Knowing that she must get help or he would die, she went to her long-time friend and family doctor. Graham Osborne.

Dr. Osborne examined Bedell, then shook his head. There was little hope, he said, unless proper medicine could be found.

"All right, then," Bettie said. "I'll get it from the Yankees at Harpers Ferry."

The doctor told her she was mad. The Union headquarters were almost 20 miles away. Even if she reached them, the Yankees would never believe her story.

"I'll take proof," Bettie said. She went to the loft and came back with a blood-stained paper bearing the official War Department seal. "This is a record of his last promotion," she said. "When I show it, they'll have to believe me."

She made the doctor writer out list of the medical items he needed. Early the next morning she set off.

For five hours she drove, stopping only to rest her horse. The sun was almost down when she finally stood before the commanding officer at Harpers Ferry.

Gen. John D. Stevenson listened, but did not believe her. "Madam," he said, "Bedell's death was reported to us."

"He's alive," Bettie insisted. "But he won't be much longer unless he has the medicines on that list."

"Well," the general said finally, "I'm not going to risk the lives of a patrol just to find out." He turned to a junior officer. "See that Mrs. Van Metre gets the supplies." He brushed aside Bettie's thanks. "You're a brave woman," he said, "whether you're telling the truth or not."

With the medicines that Bettie carried to Berryville, Dr. Osborne brought Bedell through the crisis. Ten days later Bedell was hobbling on a pair of crutches that Dick had made for him. "I can't go on putting you in danger," Bedell told Bettie. "I'm strong enough to travel now. I'd lie to go back as soon as possible."

So it was arranged that Mr. Sam, one of Bettie's neighbors and friends, should go and help Bettie deliver Bedeel to Union headquarters at Harpers Ferry in his wagon.

They hitched Bettie's mare alongside Mr. Sam's mule. Bedell lay down in an old box filled with hay, his rifle and crutches beside him.

It was a long, slow journey that almost ended in disaster. Only an hour from the Union lines, two horsemen suddenly appeared. One pointed a pistol, demanding money while the other pulled Mr. Sam from the wagon. Shocked, Bettie sat still. Then a rifle shot cracked out, and the man with the pistol fell to the ground dead. A second shot, and the man went sprawling. It was Bedell shooting! Bettie watched him lower the rifle and brush the hay out of his hair. "Come on, Mr. Sam," he said. "Let's keep moving."

At Harpers Ferry, the soldiers stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. They were even more amazed when the Union officer with the missing leg rose from his hay-filled box.

Bedell was sent to Washington. There he told his story to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. Stanton wrote a letter of thanks to Bettie and-signed an order to free James Van Metre from prison. But first James had to be found. It was arranged for Bedell to go with Bettie as she searched for her husband.

Records showed that a James Van Metre had been sent to a prison camp in Ohio. But when the ragged prisoners were paraded before Bettie, James was not there. A second prison was checked, with the same result. Bettie Van Metre fought back a chilling fear that her husband was dead.

Then at Fort Delaware, near the end of the line of prisoners a tall man stepped out and stumbled into Bettie's arms. Bettie held him, tears streaming down her face. And Henry Bedell, standing by on his crutches, wept, too.

NEW WORDS

tell

v. act as an informer 告發

Yankee

n. (in the Civil War) a native of any of the northern states; a citizen of the U.S. 北方佬;美國佬

great-aunt

n. an aunt of one's father or mother; sister of one's grandfather or grandmother

civil

a. 國內的; 民間的

Confederate

a. of or belonging to the Confederacy 南部邦聯的

capture

vt. make a prisoner of; seize 俘虜;奪得

unknown

a. whose name, nature, or origin is not known

former

a. of an earlier period 以前的

farmhouse

n. the main house on a farm, where a farmer lives

groan

n. a sound made in a deep voice that expresses suffering, grief or disapproval 呻吟(聲)

attic

n. the space just under the roof of a house, esp. that made into a low small room 閣樓

Union, the

n. those states that supported the Federal government of the U.S. ring the Civil War; the U.S.A. (美國南北戰爭期間的)聯邦政府;美國

a. of or having to do with the Union

rifle

n. 步槍

awful

a. terrible; very bad

bandage

n. a narrow long piece of material, esp. cloth, for binding a wound or injury 綳帶

dreadful

a. very unpleasant or shocking; terrible

bugle

n. a musical wind instrument usually made of brass, used chiefly for military signals 軍號，喇叭

filth

n. disgusting dirt 污穢

futility

n. uselessness

futile a.

lean

vi. support or rest oneself in a bent position 靠，倚

establish

vt. find out or make certain of (a fact, answer, etc.), prove 確立，證實

identity

n. who or what a particular person or thing is 身份

identical

a. 同一的;完全相同的確良

Lt.

abbr. lieutenant 陸軍中尉

company

n. 連

volunteer

n. person who joins the army, navy, or air force of his own free will 志願兵

presence

n. being present in a place

skillfully

ad. in a skillful manner 靈巧地，嫻熟地

skillful

a. having or showing skill

fan

vt. 扇，扇動;激起

spark

n. 火花

flicker

vi. burn unsteadily; shine with an unsteady light

drug

n. a medicine or substance used for medical purposes

supply

n. (pl.) the food, equipment, etc. necessary for an army, expedition or the like 補給品

pray

vi. 祈禱

valley

n. a stretch of land between hills or mountains; the land through which a stated river or great river system flows 山谷;流域

infection

n. 感染;傳染

infect vt.

flare

vi. burn with a bright, unsteady flame (火焰)閃耀

loft

n. a room under the roof of a building, attic 閣樓

ferry

n. 渡口;渡船

headquarters

n. (used with a sing. or pl. v. ) the place from which the chief of a police force or the commanding officer of an army sends out orders 司令部

proof

n. evidence showing that sth. is true 證據

bear

vt. show; have

seal

n. 印，圖章

item

n. a single thing among a set, esp. included in a list 條;項

commanding

a. having command; in charge

commanding officer

指揮官

command

vt. 指揮

Gen.

abbr. general 將軍

madam

n. respectful form of address to a woman (whether married or unmarried)夫人，太太，女士，小姐

risk

vt. endanger; take the chance of

patrol

n. a small group of soldiers, vehicles, etc. sent out to search for the enemy, or to protect a place from the enemy 巡邏隊

junior

a. younger or lower in rank than another

hobble

vi. walk awkwardly; limp 跛行;蹣跚

crutch

n. support used under the arm to help a lame person to walk 拐杖

wagon

n. four-wheeled vehicle for carrying goods, pulled by horses or oxen 四輪運貨馬(牛)車

hitch

vt. fasten with a hook, ring, rope, etc. 鉤住，拴住，套住

mare

n. female horse or donkey

alongside

prep. close to; along the side of

mule

n. an animal that has a donkey and a horse as parents 騾

disaster

n. a great or sudden misfortune; terrible accident

line

n. a row of defence works, esp. that nearest the enemy 戰線，防線

horseman

n. a person who rides a horse, esp. one who is skilled

pistol

crack

v. (cause to) make a sudden explosive sound (使)發出爆裂聲

sprawl

vi. lie or sit with hands and feet spread out, esp. ungracefully

lower

vt. move or let down in height 放下;放低

secretary

vt. an official who takes charge of a governmental department; an employee in an office, who is in charge of correspondence, records, making appointments, etc. 部長，大臣;秘書

ragged

a. (of a person ) dressed in old torn clothes; (of clothes) old an torn 衣衫襤褸的;破舊的

parade

vt. cause to walk in an informal procession for the purpose of being looked at; cause to march in procession 使列隊行進

n. 遊行;檢閱

chill

v. (cause to) have a feeling of cold as from fear; (cause to ) become cold, esp. without freezing (使)感到冷;(使)冷

fort

n. 要塞，堡壘

stumble

vi. walk or move in an unsteady way; strike the foot against sth. and almost fall

stream

vi. flow fast and strongly; pour out

PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

take prisoner

capture and hold as a prisoner, esp. as a prisoner of war 俘虜

flare up

break out or intensify suddenly or violently; burst into bright flame or rage 突發;加劇;突然發光;突然發怒

write out

write in full, write (sth. formal)

brush aside

disregard, ignore 不理;漠視

bring through

save (sb.) from (an illness, etc.)

PROPER NAMES

Berryville

貝里維爾(美國地名)

Virginia

弗吉尼亞(美國州名)

Bettie Van Metre

貝蒂.范.米特

the Civil War

(美國)南北戰爭

Gettysburg

葛底斯堡(美國城市)

Dick Runner

迪克.朗納

Henry Bedell

亨利.貝德爾

Vermont

佛蒙特(美國州名)

Westfield

韋斯菲爾德(美國地名)

Jennie

詹妮(女子名)

Graham Osborne 格雷厄姆.奧斯本

Harpers Ferry

哈珀斯渡口(美國地名)

Stevenson

史蒂文森(姓氏)

Secretary of War(old use)

(美國)陸軍部長

Edwin M. Stanton

埃德溫.M.斯坦頓

Ohio

俄亥俄(美國州名)

Fort Delaware

特拉華堡(美國地名)

;

8. 大學英語精讀第二冊第7課內容介紹

大學英語精讀第二冊第7課內容介紹

導語：運氣是指某種事件發生的概率微小、隨機性強、無法計算且不可豎坦控制的情況下，事件結果產生後恰好與某人的猜想或個人情況決定一致，並且在現實中發生一般為不可思議或完全不可能余賀桐存在的背景下發生的事件。下面是一篇關於運氣的'英語課文，歡迎大家來學習。

TEXT

In this article the author describes what happened to her one night and what happened to her one night and her feelings about it.

拍裂There's Only Luck

My mind went numb when I saw the gun pointing against the car window as we pulled out of the garage: This can't be happening to me. Then I felt the gun, cold, against my head, and I heard my friend Jeremy saying, "What do you want? Take my wallet," but at the time I thought of nothing.

I remember being vaguely annoyed when the gunman pulled me from the car by the hair. I remember the walk to the house - Jeremy, me, the two men with two guns. I remember the fear and anger in the gunmen's voices because Jeremy was being slow, and I remember wondering why he waas being slow. I did not realize that Jeremy had thrown the keys into the shrubbery. But I remember that sound of the gun hitting Jeremy's head and the feeling as the man who had hold of my hair released me. And I remember the split second when I realized he was looking at Jeremy, and I remember wondering how far I could run before he pulled the trigger. But I was already running, and upon reaching the car across the street, I didn't crouch behind it but screamed instead.

I remember thinking there was something absurdly melodramatic about screaming "Help, help!" at eight o'clock on a Tuesday evening in December and changing my plea to the more specific "Help, let me in, please let me in!" But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly, and I ran on until I heard Jeremy's screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled.

The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats and helped Jeremy find his glasses and keys. In a group they were very brave. We waited for the cops to come until someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold, and I said politely, "Please go and eat. We're O.K."

I was happy to see them go. They had been talking of stiffer sentences for criminals, of bringing back the death penalty and how the President is going to clean up the country. I was thinking, they could be saying all of this over my dead body, and I still feel that stiffer sentences wouldn't change a thing. In a rush all the rage I should have felt for my attackers was directed against these contented people standing in front of their warm, cozy homes talking about all the guns they were going to buy. What good would guns have been to Jeremy and me?

People all over the neighborhood had called to report our screams, and the police turned out in force twenty minutes later. They were ill-tempered about what was, to them, much ado about nothing. After all, Jeremy was hardly hurt, and we were hopeless when it came to identification. "Typical," said one cop when we couldn't even agree on how tall the men were. Both of us were able to describe the guns in horrifying detail, but the two policemen who stayed to make the report didn't think that would be much help.

The cops were matter-of-fact about the whole thing. The thin one said, "That was a stupid thing to do, throwing away the keys. When a man has a gun against your head you do what you're told." Jeremy looked properly sheepish.

Then the fat cop same up and the thin one went to look around the outside of the house. "That was the best thing you could have done, throwing away the keys," he said. "If you had gone into the house with them…" His voice trailed off. "They would have hurt her" - he jerked his head toward me - "and killed you both." Jeremy looked happier. "Look," said the fat cop kindly, "there's no right of wrong in the situation. There's just luck."

All that sleepless night I replayed the moment those black gloves came up to the car window. How long did the whole thing last? Three minutes, five, eight? No matter how many hours of my life I may spend reliving it, I know there is no way to prepare for the next time - no intelligent response to a gun. The fat cop was right: There's only luck. The next time I might end up dead.

And I'm sure there will be a next time. It can happen anywhere, anytime, to anyone. Security is an illusion; there is no safety in locks or in guns. Guns make some people feel safe and some people feel strong, but they're fooling themselves.

NEW WORDS

numb

n. having lost the power of feeling or moving 失去感覺的，麻木的

garage

n. building in which a car is kept 汽車庫

wallet

n. leather pocket-case for paper money, cards, etc. 皮夾

vaguely

ad. not clearly 模糊地

vague

a.

annoy

vt. make rather angry 使惱怒

gunman

n. a man armed with a gun, esp. a criminal or terrorist 持槍歹徒

shrubbery

n. low bushes forming a mass or group 灌木叢

release

vt. set free 松開;釋放

split

vt. divide into parts 劈開

split second

very brief moment of time; instant 瞬間，一剎那

trigger

n. 扳機

crouch

vi. lower the body to the ground 蹲伏

absurdly

ad. foolishly; ridiculously 愚蠢地，荒唐可笑地

absurd

a.

melodramatic

a. exciting in effect, often too much so to be thought real 感情誇張;鬧劇式的

plea

n. asking for sth. with strong feelings 懇求

specific

a. definite; not general 明確的;具體的

flee

v. run away (from) 逃走;逃離

baseball

n. 棒球(運動)

bat

n. 球棒，球拍

cop

n. (informal) policeman

noodle

n. (usu. pl.) 面條

stiff

a. severe 嚴厲

criminal

n. someone who has broken the law 罪犯

penalty

n. punishment 懲罰

rage

n. great anger 狂怒

contented

a. satisfied; happy 滿足的

cozy

a. warm and comfortable 暖和舒適的

ill-tempered

a. (often) angry or annoyed 脾氣壞的;易怒的

ado

n. trouble and excitement 忙亂

hopeless

a. giving no cause for hope; very bad or unskilled 沒有希望的;無能的

identification

n. 鑒別

identify

vt.

horrify

vt. frighten; shock very much 使恐怖;使震驚

detail

n. small, particular fact 細節

matter-of-fact

a. concerned with the facts; practical 注重事實的;講究實際的

sheepish

a. foolish or embarrassed by awareness of a fault 局促不安的

trail

vi. grow graally weaker, dimmer, etc.

jerk

vt. pull or lift suddenly 猛拉;猛抬

replay

vt. play (match, recording, etc.) over again 重放

glove

n. 手套

last

vi. go on

relive

vt. experience again, esp. in the imagination

intelligent

a. clever; rational 聰明的;明智的

response

n. action done in answer; answer 反應;回答

respond

vi.

security

n. safety, freedom from danger or fear 安全，平安

secure

a.

illusion

n. false perception; (the seeing of) sth. that does not really exist 錯覺;幻覺

PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

pull out (of)

move out (of) (車，船等)駛出

have (get, catch) hold of

抓住

bring back

restore, reintroce 恢復

clean up

clean thoroughly and remove anything unwanted 徹底打掃;整肅

turn out

appear; come or go out to see or do sth. 出來，出動

in force

in large numbers 大批地，人數眾多地

much ado about nothing

a lot of unnecessary explaining, of excitement about things not serious or unimportant 無事生非;小題大作

come to

reach (a particular point) in explaining, etc. 談到(某一點)

agree on

have the same opinion on

in detail

giving a lot of facts 詳細地

trail off

(voice, etc.) become graally weaker and fade into silence (聲音等)逐漸變弱

no way

不可能

prepare for

get ready for

and up 結束，告終

PROPER NAMES

Ruth Reichl

露絲.賴克爾

Jeremy

傑里米(男子名)

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9. 大學大一英語精讀上冊第六單元第11段課文分析

大學英語精讀1 Unit6 課文分析
New words and phrases
1. happen to: chance; take place
¨ 你是怎麼成為導游的？How did you happen to be a tourist guide?
¨ I happened to be out when she called.
2. neat: adj.
1) clean and tidy, orderly
¨ Zola always keeps her kitchen neat and tidy.
2) economical with time and effort; skilful; efficient
¨ In the end we found a very neat solution to the problem.
CF: neat, tidy, & orderly
這些形容詞均含「整齊的，整潔的」之意。
neat 指人或物外表既清潔又整齊。
¨ His clothes were always neat and clean. 他穿的衣服總是又整潔又干凈。
tidy 強調整齊，井然有序。
¨ Andrew』s apartment is always so tidy. 安德魯的房間總是整整齊齊的。
orderly 語義比上述幾個詞強，最常用。指把復雜細微的東西按其內在聯系安排整齊，強調井井有條。
¨ She needs to organize her ideas in a more orderly way. 她需要以更有條理的方法組織自己的思想。
3. efficiency expert: a very efficient person
NB: 本片語是一個「名詞+名詞」的名詞定語結構。在這種結構中，兩個名詞無所屬關系；並且第一個名詞通常起相當於邏輯賓語作用，而主體名詞通常起相當於邏輯主語的作用。例如：a book case (= a case that holds books)。本課中，作者用了很多這種結構，例如：kitchen utensils，shirt factory，quality control，work flow，assembly line，machine operators，background music，coffee break，math class等。

4. foundation: n. basis
¨ The earthquake shook the foundations of the house.
¨ 工人們正在給房子打地基。The workers are building the foundation of a house.
Collocation:
be without foundation (or have no foundation) 毫無根據
lay the foundations of 為…奠定基礎
shake/rock the foundations of sth. 動搖…的基礎
(or shake/rock sth. to its foundations)
CF: foundation, basis, base, & ground
這些名詞均含有「基礎」之意。
foundation 用於具體意義時，指堅固結實的建築物的基礎或地基；用作比喻意義時，與basis基本相同。
base 指構成或支撐某一具體物體的基礎，也可指軍事基地或用作比喻意義。
basis 主要用作抽象或引申意義。
ground 含義與basis和foundation接近。一般指某種決定、論點或關系的基礎，也可指某種原因的基礎。
1). The basis of his opinion is something he read in the paper.
2). The earthquake shook the foundations of the house.
3). Then I went to work at the Alameda naval air base , as a machinist's helper.
4). The grounds for his decision were never clearly stated.
5. come in : have or find a place; have a part to play
¨ 她在一百米賽跑中獲第二。She came in second in the hundred-meter dash.
6. look around/round: walk round a place and examine it; examine the state of affairs
¨ 他到處跑，要找一個出租房。He looked around for a house to rent
7. be amazed at / by: be greatly surprised at / by
¨ 她對你告訴她的事感到吃驚。She is amazed by what you have told her.
8. whatsoever:
¨ Whatsoever she does is ridiculous.
adv. at all
¨ 我沒有任何理由懷疑他說的一切。I have no reason whatsoever to doubt what he says.
9. inspect: vt. examine
¨ 海關官員頗為懷疑地檢查了我的護照。The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously.
CF: inspect, examine & investigate
這些動詞都有「調查、檢查」之意。
inspect 側重按一定質量標准檢查某物，找出不足或不同之處。
examine 最普通用詞，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔細觀察或調查以確定事物的性質、功能、特點等。
investigate 指為發現事實真相或了解掌握情況而進行深入細致的現場考察。
1). The study investigates the impact of violent TV programming on children.
2). I got out of the car to inspect the damage.
3). The research examined the effects of alcohol on long-term memory.
4). She held the bank note up to the light and inspected it carefully.
10. miss: v.
1) lack
¨ 我們小隊少一個向導。Our team is missing a guard.
2) fail to see, hit, hold, catch, reach, etc.
¨ 子彈差一點打中她的心臟。The bullet narrowly missed her heart.
3) regret that a person or thing is not present
¨ 在她離開時，我真的很想念她。I really missed her when she went away.
11. except for: apart from; with the exception of
¨ 除了看門人以外，那房子空盪盪的。The house is deserted, except for the keeper.
CF: except, except for & besides
這些前置詞或短語均含「除…之外」之意。
except 側重於排除在外，從整體里減去。
except for 多用於說明基本情況或對主要部分加以肯定，還引出相反的原因或細節，從而部分地修正前面的主要意思，含惋惜意味。
besides 指在總體之外另加部分或個體，「除…外，還有…」。
1). Do you play any other sports besides football and basketball?
2). She felt fine except for being a little tired.
3). People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.
4). I finished all the questions except the second one.
5). Except for one or two cars, the street was empty.
12. relieve: v. make less or easier
這一針能止痛。The injection can relieve the pain.
¨ 醫生的解釋解除了我的擔心。The doctor』s explanation relieved me of my fears.
13. boring: adj. ll, uninteresting
¨ 那堂課很單調沉悶，學生們都無精打采。The lesson was boring and the students were bored by it.
14. ll: adj.
1) boring
¨ 會議開得死氣沉沉的。The conference was deadly ll.
2) not bright or clear
¨ Jane』s hair was a ll, darkish brown.
3) slow in understanding; stupid
¨ If you don』t understand then you』re ller than I thought.
CF: ll, boring & tedious
這幾個詞都是形容詞，都有「令人厭煩的」、「生厭的」之意。
ll 指因呆板，缺乏趣味性而令人感到厭煩，其內涵是千篇一律，無吸引力，死氣沉沉。
¨ The weekly meeting tends to be deadly ll.每周一次的例會往往是很乏味的。
boring 概念最廣泛，尤其指引人厭倦，枯燥無聊的談話、文章，也指令人生厭的人。
¨ He really is one of the most boring people I've ever met.他真是個我從未遇見過的最令人討厭的人。
tedious 指因對某人或某事的描寫太長太多而乏味，也指因反復做某事而乏味。強調因沉悶而引起的生理上的不適。
¨ We had to sit through several tedious speeches.我們只得坐在那裡聽幾個乏味的講演。
15. absent-minded: adj. not attentive, paying little attention to what one is doing; forgetful
¨ 這個心不在焉的男孩老是丟書。The absent-minded boy is always losing his books.
16. hold up: delay or cause to stop
¨ 由於交通事故，交通被迫中斷了幾個小時。Traffic was held up for several hours by the accident.
17. fire: v.
1) dismiss sb. from his / her job, sack (infml.)
¨ 薩姆因工作效率低而被資方解僱。Sam was fired by the management for his inefficiency.
2) discharge a gun; shoot
¨ 警察發射橡皮子彈以驅散人群。Policemen fired rubber bullets to disperse crowds.
CF: fire, dismiss & discharge
這些動詞都有「解僱，開除」之意。
fire 口語用詞，多指被斷然地突然解僱，其行動猶如開槍一樣干凈利落。
dismiss 正式用詞，是這組詞中語氣最輕的一個詞，一般只有從上文才能看出解僱的原因或理由。
discharge 語氣較重，指有理由的解僱，含不再復用的意味。
1). Bryant was unfairly dismissed from his post.
2). She was fired after she was caught stealing from her employer.
3). Several of the recruits（新兵）were discharged from the Army e to medical problems.
18. major:
adj. greater or more important
¨ 在世界上大多數城市裡，繁忙的交通是個大問題。Heavy traffic is a major problem in most cities all over the world.
n. specialty or a student specializing in a certain field of study
¨ 在大學里，她是英語專業的學生。She is an English major at college.
19. achieve: vt. get sth. by efforts; finish sth. successfully
¨ 我僅完成了我希望做到的一半。I』ve achieved only half of what I』d hoped to do.

20. management: n.
1) the people in charge of a factory or business
¨ 該公司正由新的管理人員領導。The business is under new management.
2) the act of managing a business
¨ 許多小公司的失敗是經營不善所致。The failure of many small businesses is caused by bad management.
21. proctive: adj. procing well or much
¨ 他們很努力, 但效率不太高。They work hard, but their efforts are not very proctive.
22. frequent: adj. happening often; habitual
¨ 他漸漸地不常登門了。His visits became less frequent as time passed.
23. promotion:n.
1) a rise in position
¨ 你只要做出成績, 就能指望獲得提升。If you are successful, you can expect promotion.
2) an activity intended to help sell a proct
¨ 他負責推銷工作。He is responsible for sales promotion.2) an activity intended to help sell a proct

Background knowledge
a. The American Ecational System
In the United States, ecation is the responsibility of indivial states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization:
Kindergarten: before 5 years old
Elementary school: 6-11 years old (Grades 1~6)
Junior middle school: 12-13 years old (Grades 7~8)
Senior middle school: 14-17 years old (Grades 9~12)
College: 4 years for a B.A. or B.S. degree
University: 2~3 years for an M.A. or M.S.; 2~8 years for an Ph.D.
b. What is instrial engineering?
Instrial engineering is the detailed analysis of the use and cost of men, materials and equipment in an organization, with a view to increasing its proctivity, profit and efficiency. Those who are involved in this kind of analysis are called instrial engineers.
Originally the analytical techniques of instrial engineering were used mainly in manufacturing instries to improve proction methods, establish proction control proceres, determine work standards, and develop wage payment plans. Graally, the use of instrial engineering techniques has been extended to non-manufacturing areas such as construction and transportation instries, farm management, and restaurant and hotel operations. Although the field of instrial engineering has continued to grow, its primary application is still in the manufacturing instries.

課文翻譯
薩姆著手提高襯衫廠的效率了，但正如我們將在本單元後半部分發現的，他的計劃實施結果跟他原先預料的並不完全一樣。
Sam Adams, Instrial Engineer
如果你問我母親，我怎麼偏偏會成為一名工業管理工程師的，她就會告訴你，我一直就是這樣一個人。
她的意思是說，我一貫希望把樣樣東西都安排得井井有條，整整齊齊。還在上小學時，我就喜歡把襪子放在衣櫃左上方的抽屜里，內衣放在右上方的抽屜里，襯衫放在當中的抽屜里，折得齊齊整整的褲子放在最下面的抽屜里。
事實上，我那時一直是全家人的效率專家。父親的工具、母親的廚房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我統一安排。
我需要講究效率。我希望有條不紊。對我來說，樣樣東西都有個固定的地方，樣樣東西總是放在適當的地方。這些素質為我日後從事工業管理打下了良好的基礎。
遺憾的是，我這個人也有一點專橫，不太善於聽取別人的意見。等我把在大學取得學士學位後承辦第一項工程的情況告訴你以後，你就會明白我這話是什麼意思了。
畢業後我回到家鄉——印第安納州的一個小鎮上。當時我還沒有找到工作。我父親的一位朋友霍布斯先生在鎮上有一家小型襯衫廠。在過去五年裡，廠里的工人從二十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生擔心他的工廠規模變得太大了，效率變得太低了，便請我進廠當了個短期顧問。
我來到廠里，花了一個星期左右的時間一邊到處查看，一邊做些筆記。說真的，我對看到的情況不勝驚訝。
最為奇怪的是，廠里竟然沒有任何質量控制。沒有人檢驗工廠生產的成品。結果，有些裝箱待運的襯衫不是缺了一兩粒鈕扣，就是少了衣領，有時甚至還會短只袖子。
工廠的生產條件很差。工作台很高，工人坐在旁邊很不舒服。除了吃中飯的半小時外，全天沒有別的休息時間來調劑一下令人厭倦的工作。廠里也不播放音樂。工場間的牆壁全是一片暗灰色。使我感到驚奇的是，工人們竟然沒有罷工。
此外，廠里的生產流程也時斷時續。在裝配線上有個縫鈕扣的年輕人特別心不在焉。沒有多久，我便認出了他，原來他就是在中學上數學課時坐在我後面的"大個子吉姆"。他動作很慢，所有的襯衫到了他這兒都被耽擱下來。裝配線上他後面的同班工人只好等在那兒無事可干；因此，在"大個子吉姆"一邊工作一邊胡思亂想的時候，大量時間便白白流逝了，勞動效率大受損失。整個禮拜我都在納悶，為什麼他沒有被解僱。
我觀察了一個星期後，霍布斯先生便要我就調查結果作一個口頭匯報。我把要點概括了一下向他匯報如下：
"如果實行質量檢驗，你們就會大大改進成品。"
"如果把裝配線重新設計一下，生產流程就會達到平穩，並能節省時間和精力。"
"如果降低工作台的高度，機器操作工作業時就會舒服一些。"
"如果廠方播放悅耳的背景音樂，美化一下單調的環境，工廠的生產率就可以大大提高。"
"如果工人們在上、下午各有一次十五分鍾的休息時間喝咖啡，他們的效率就會更高。"
"如果工作出色能經常得到加薪提拔，工人們就會有更大的生產積極性。"
霍布斯先生對我的匯報表示感謝，並告訴我說他將和他的兄弟——該廠的另一位廠主兼經理——討論我的建議。"我們關心工廠的發展，"他說。"我們要跟上時代的步伐。"
他還送給我一張一百美元的支票並贈送給我一盒襯衫。

10. 大學英語精讀第四冊Unit One課文介紹

大學英語精讀第四冊Unit One課文介紹

導語：我們都曾幻想自己有一大筆錢，下面是一篇講述獲得一大筆錢的簡單方式的英語課文，歡迎大家學習。

Text

Two college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems to good to be true, it probably is.

BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY

John G. Hubbell

"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags.

"I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered.

"I can live with it," his brother agreed.

"But it pains me," I said，"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longer embarrasses you."

The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone.

"Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired.

"Super!" She snapped. "Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled up out front."

"Another truck?"

"The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's happening.

What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The company had promised our boys $600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday morning.

"Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted.

" Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed, "And we can do the job in two hours!"

"Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife informed me. "There are thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?"

"Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed. "They're college men. They'll do what they have to do."

At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of ad inserts. "They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. "All this must be delivered by seven o'clock Sunday morning."

"Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you later. Got a lunch date.

When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife.

"Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so.

"Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think."

"Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'"

"That's encouraging."

"No, it's not," she corrected. "It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bags have been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation! It's almost as if the inserts keep reprocing themselves!"

"Another thing," she continued. "Your college sons must learn that one does not get the best out of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.

Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled, "I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again! Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags.

"But that would cut into our profit," he suggested.

"There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliveries on time. If they don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or sleeping until it is removed."

There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, "Dad, you have just worked a profound change in my personality."

"Do it!"

"Yes, sir!"

By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $5 and a few competitive bonuses while the bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed.

The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $2 per hour. Graally, the huge stacks began to shrink.

As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amount

for gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each — about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of them put it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while.

All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners of the house out the front door to curbside. I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard them discussing finances.

"Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!"

"We're going to be rich!"

Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire library.

"No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!"

"Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!"

"You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain.

"Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as well make a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……"

New Words

buck

n. (sl.) U.S. dollar

plastic

a. 塑料的

n. (pl) 塑料

doorknob

n. 門把手

leisurely

a. unhurried 從容的，慢慢的'

leisure

n. free time 空閑時間，閑暇

lucrative

a. profitable 有利的;賺錢的

pain

vt. cause pain to

panhandle

vi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streets

delivery

n. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投遞;送交

enthuse

vi. show enthusiasm

inquire

vt. ask

super

a. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellent

snap

vt. say(sth.) sharply 厲聲說

insert

n. 插頁

normally

ad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常

company

n. 公司

echo

vt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和;重復

ad

n. (short for) advertisement

inform

vt. tell; give information 告知

porch

n. (AmE) veranda 門廊

armload

n. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armful

walk

n. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道

unnaturally

ad. in an unnatural way 不自然地

quaver

vi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble 顫抖

truckload

n. as much or as many as a truck can carry

department store

n. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百貨公司

dime

n. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten cents

dime store

n. (AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉價商品店;小商口店

drugstore

n. (AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty procts, film, magazines, and food 葯店，雜貨店

grocery

n. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品雜貨店

section

n. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion (文章等的)段落;節;部分

cram

vt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把……塞滿;把……塞進

stack

n. an orderly; heap or group of things 一疊(堆、垛等)

band

n. flat, thin piece of material 帶;帶狀物

vt. tie up with a band 捆紮

rubber band

n. 橡皮筋

takeout

a. (餐館)出售外賣菜的

range

n. the distance at which one can see or hear (聽覺、視覺等)的范圍

marvel(l)ous

a. wonderful; astonishing

steak

n. 牛排;大塊肉(或魚)片

sour

a. 酸的

eel

n. 鰻鱺

diplomacy

n. 外交

encouraging

a. 鼓舞人心的

dent

n. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress凹痕，凹坑，初步進展

reproce

vt. proce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖

bodily

a. of the human body; physical

harm

n. damage or wrong 傷害

audience

n. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance to be heard 觀眾;聽眾;陳述意見的機會

snarl

vt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮著說

bonus

n. an extra payment to workers 獎金

thoughtful

a. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的

cash

n. money in coins or notes 現金

activist

n. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement 激進分子

work force

n. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, instry or area 工人總數;勞動人口

competitive

a. 競爭的

organizer

n. person who organizes things 組織者

mediation

n. 調解

party

n. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方;當事人

graally

ad. slowly and by degrees.

graal

a.

shrink (shrank, shrunk)

vi. become less or smaller 減少;變小

deadline

n. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最後期限

station wagon

n. 小型客車，客貨兩用車

minimum (pl. minima or minimums)

n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、數等

minimum wage

n. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工資

odd

a. strange; unusual

goings-on

n. activities, usu. of an undesirable kind

carton

n. a cardboard box for holding goods 紙板箱(或盒) curbside

n. the area of sidewalk at or near curb (curb: 人行道的鑲邊石)

enlist

vt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得……的支持和幫助;徵募

trash

n. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish 垃圾

pickup

n. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡車;輕型貨車

overhear

vt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)無意中聽到;偷聽到

finance

n. money matters; (used in pl.) money; (science of ) the management of funds 財政;錢財;金融

geez

int.哎呀，呀

sale

n. the act of selling sth.

Phrases & Expressions

pull up

bring or come to a stop (使)停下

a piece of cake

(informal) sth. very easy to do

even as

just at the same moment as

know better than

be wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至於

be at

be occupied with, be doing

make a dent (in)

make less by a very small amount; rece slightly; make a first step towards success(in)減少一點;取得初步進展

cut into

rece; decrease 減少

have no business

have no right or reason 無權，沒有理由

settle for

accept, although not altogether satisfactory (無可奈何地)滿足於

settle one's account

pay what one owes 結帳

quite a while

a fairly long time

draw(sb.'s) attention to

make sb. notice, or be aware of

for sale

intended to be sold

for rent

available to be rented

be done with

stop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用

may/might/could as well

with equal or better effect 不妨，還不如，最好

Proper Names

Montgomery Ward

蒙哥馬利—沃德百貨公司

Sears, Roebuck

西爾斯—羅百克百貨公司

;