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海倫喜歡獨自旅行用英語怎麼說

發布時間: 2025-01-12 21:16:36

A. 誰能幫我總結一下高一英語短語.

高考英語必備片語
agree vi.同意;持相同意見I cannot agree with you on this point.在這一點上,我不能同意你的意見。
sb agree with sb 同意某人的話,意見
sth agree with sb 某物,某事適應某人 agree to sb 建議 agree on sth 在某一點上取得一致意見
agree up sth 在某一點上取得一致意見 agree to do sth 同意干某事
break vt.打破;損壞;破壞 We should all take a little break before dessert. 吃甜點之前我們大家應該稍微休息一下。 break down 機器壞了=go wrong 身體垮了/終止談話 11) I had never seen a grown man break down and cry. 我從未曾看到過一個這么強壯的漢子痛哭失聲。
break in 闖入,插話 break off 忽然停止講話/斷絕,結束/暫停工作,休息
break out (戰爭等)爆發;逃出(無被動式) break through 打破包圍
break up 驅散,學校的放學 The police had to employ force to break up the crowd.警察不得不使用武力驅散人群。 break away from 脫離,逃說,與...斷絕來往/改變某種習慣
bring vt.拿來;帶來;取來 I'll bring some of my pictures into the gallery. 我就帶一些我的攝影到藝廊來。 bring about =cause, result in, lead to bring down 使倒下,使下降 bring force 使產生,引起
bring forward 提出建議=put forward/提前
bring in =get in the pops/使得到某種收入 Mr. Li: Oh… would you kindly allow me to bring in h… would you kindly allow me to bring in the civet rian? It is the favorite of my sister.李先生:喔…您能允許我帶些榴槤嗎?它是我姐姐最喜歡的水果。 bring back to one's mind 使回想起
bring up sb 撫養某人 bring up sth 提出 bring up 嘔吐 bring to an end 結束=come to an end
call vt.叫喊;打電話給… I'll call the roll before class. 課前我要點名。
call on sb 拜訪,號召 call at 訪問(某人的家);(火車、船)停靠
call for 需要 And there's a phone call for you, Mr. Bennett. Bennett先生 有你的電話。
call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事 call off 取消(計劃,比賽)
call out (call out+to sb.)大聲地叫 call up sb 打電話
call in 請進來 We'll call in a couple of days. 我們兩三天後打電話。
carry vt.攜帶;運載;傳送 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 這是承繼Stewart家族香火的新一代。
carry out 進行到底,貫徹執行 4) Tomorrow, Sandra will carry out the garbage. 明天珊多拉將會收拾垃圾的。 carry out 是成就、完成的慣用語,但在此地,一看便知並非這種意思。可把它想像做從廚房把 garbage 運到外面去。
carry on 進行下去,堅持下去 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 這是承繼Stewart家族香火的新一代。 carry away 拿走,入迷,被...吸引 carry forward 推進,發揚(精神)
carry off 搶走,奪走/獲得獎品 carry through 進行到底,完成計劃 carry sb through 使...渡過難關
catch vt.捉;抓住 vi.接住 We didn't catch anything. 我們什麼也沒有釣著。
catch up 趕上 33. He shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.他與世隔絕一個月,力圖把功課趕上去。
catch on 勾住,絆倒 catch at 想抓住 A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水者見草也要抓;急何能擇。 be caught in the rain 被雨淋 catch up with 趕上某人,補上工作
clear a.清澈[晰]的 vt.清除 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天氣預報說今晚雨就會停。
clear up (天氣)轉晴,澄清事實,整理收拾 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天氣預報說今晚雨就會停。
clear away 清除掉,去掉,消散 clear off 消除(積雪)等障礙,把...拆掉,擦掉,清除
come vi.到來; 變得; 到達 May I come in? 我能進來嗎?
come across 偶然發現,偶然遇到
come on 快點(口),開始,到來,舉行,走吧,一起去 Oh, come on now. 噢 別這樣了。
come at 向...撲過來,向...襲擊 7. We may come at another time.我們可以另找個時間來。
come down 倒下,(溫度,價格)下降,病倒 come forward 涌現,主動地響應要求做某事
come in 進來,上市 And have you had an engineer come in to do an inspection? 你們可有一個工程師來做過檢查嗎
come from 來自於 I come from Japan. 我來自日本。 come out 出來,出發,結果 Did Mitchell Johnson's review come out yet? Mitchell Johnson的評論出來了沒有 ?
come to 蘇醒,總共,達到,得到諒解 When will he come to see you? 他什麼時候來看你?
come up sb 走進 come up 種子生長發育,被提出 and I'll come up with something. 我會想出個辦法的。
come to one's rescuers 幫助
come true 實現 I know, but it's still a dream come true. 我知道 但這終究是一個夢想實現了。
cut v.割,切,削減,切斷 they cut patches 剪下布塊
cut sth in half 把...砍成兩半 cut away 切除 He cut away a dead branch.他砍掉一根枯乾的樹枝。
cut through 走近路,剌穿 cut down 砍倒,減少,壓縮(開支)
cut off 切斷(關系,來往),中止(電話,思維) 3. He was cut off from his fellows.他和同伴失去聯系。
cut out 刪掉/改掉(惡習),停止 in a short cut 訣竅
do v.aux.助動詞(無詞意) What do you call this in English? 這個用英語怎麼說?
do with 涉及到 What are you going to do with the books? 你打算拿這些書怎麼辦?
do up one's hair 盤起長發 do up sth 包/捆起來 do out 打掃,收拾
do away with =get rid of 廢除,去掉,取消
die vi.死亡; 枯死; 熄滅 I will die before I'll eat that carrot. 如果要我吃胡蘿卜,我寧願去死。
dir from 因飢渴,戰爭,被污染的意外死亡 die off 因年老,疾病而死亡
die away 聲音變弱,漸漸消失/停息,消失 die down 慢慢地熄滅(風,火)
die out 熄滅,變弱,消失,滅絕(動物)
fall vi.落下;跌倒;陷落 to fall 墜下,掉下
fall a sleep 去睡覺=go to sleep fall ill 病了 335. Be careful not to fall ill. 注意不要生病了。
fall across 遇見(偶然) fall back 後退,後撤 fall behind 落後,跟不上
fall in 集合/陷入 29. The necessary outcome of a war is a fall in proction.戰爭帶來的必然結果就是生產力下降。
fall into 陷入+名詞 A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一塹,長一智。
fall off 減少,從...摔下來 to fall off a bench 從長椅上掉下來 fall on 看到,落在...上面
fall short of 缺乏 fall out of 放棄
get vi.變得,成為;到達 When do you get up everyday? 每天你幾點起床?
get about 到處走,消息的傳開 Don't forget about the bet. 別忘了打賭的事。
get across 穿過,講清楚使人了解,領會The children began to get across at each other. 孩子們開始爭吵了。 get away 逃掉,離開,擺脫 1. I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就動身離開。
get down 從…下來,寫下來,記下來,病了/使某人不安 It's time to get down to business now. 是進入正題的時候啦。
get along with sth 進展得 get along with sb 相處
get in 進去,進站,收進來,收帳 Yeah. Yeah. Let's get in our lines. 是啊 是啊。請排好位置。
get off 離開,下車 You can take the bus and get off at the second stop. 你可以坐公共汽車第二站下。
get on 上車 157. Don't get on my nerves!(不要攪得我心煩。)
get out 拔出,傳開 I need to get out more. 我需要多出門去。
get over 克服(困難),從病中恢復過來,不接from Yes, I know, but he'll get over it. 是的 我知道 過一下就會好的。 get around =spread 傳開
get through 完成,通過,用完,從人群中通過,接通電話 11. It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我們的海關檢查只花了幾分鍾時間。
get to 到達,抓住問題的要害,本質 Excuse me, how can I get to the bus station? 對不起,汽車站怎麼走? get together 聚會,聯歡 92. Let's get together one of these days.(找一天聚聚。)
get in a word 策劃 get into trouble 陷入 get rid off 擺脫,去掉
give vt.給出,賦予,發生 If you have more, please give me some. 如果你有多的,請給我。
give away 分發,贈送,頒發,背叛,出賣,暴露 give in 屈服
give off 放出(氣體,光) 15) Those flowers look pretty but don't give off a nice smell. 這些花看似漂亮,但是氣味並不好。
give out 使人筋疲力盡 7) Some restaurants give out an odor that reaches to the street. 一些餐廳裡面的氣味飄到了街上。 odor 是指比 scent 更濃更清楚的味道。
give up 放棄,停止做某事 455. He resolved to give up smoking. 他決心戒煙。
give over 讓位於=give way to被取代 give away to 被取代 give rise to 引起,導致From mutual understanding, a comfortable situation has been creation. 由於彼此的了解,因而建立了愉快的關系。create 除了"創造"以外,還有"give rise to, cause"的意思。
go vi.離開; 移動; 運行 I have to go now. 我必須走了。
go bad 變壞;變酸;腐敗 go red 變紅 go hungry 挨餓 go wrong 出錯;發生故障
go about 隨便走/進行 33. Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?請您告訴我怎樣去聯絡律師?
go after 追趕 go ahead 說吧,走吧,做吧(口語),走在前面 Good.now we can go ahead and write up the order. 好極了,現在我們可以准備下單了。 go at 從事於
go beyond 超出 It can go beyond the school system, Ellen. 這可以推廣到學校體制以外 Ellen。
go by =pass 經過,過去 76. He let a week go by before answering the letter.他一周以後才回信。
go down 下降 I'll go down to Henry's grocery. He's always open. 我到亨利雜貨店去。那裡總是開門營業的 go into 進入 Yes, you're right. After all, she is smart enough to go into business.是啊,你說的對。畢竟,她完全有經商才智。 go off 消失,腐敗,壞的
go out (火)熄滅,過時了,罷工 Why not go out for a walk? 干嗎不出去散步?
go over 復習,檢查 to go over to the construction site with me? 去看一看建築工地嗎
go through 審閱/經歷了(痛苦,困難),完成 Would you like to go through our factory some time? 什麼時候來看看我們的工廠吧?
go up 提高,上漲(價格) I can go up to the lodge for some hot dogs and drinks. 我可以到那邊小屋去弄些熱狗和飲料來。rise up 起來反抗 He that lies down (sleeps) with dogs must rise up with fleas. 與惡人交終會變惡;近朱者赤,近墨者黑。
go around 分配,傳播,傳開 OK, let's go around the table. 好 讓我們順著桌子來。
go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事
go back to 追溯到… I'll work for 5 years and then go back to school. 我會工作五年,然後會學校。
go with 相配=match=go along with They had excepted me to go with them. 他們原本希望我和他們一起去。 go well with 協調 Salesgirl: Sure. We have both skirts and trousers that would go well with the sweater. Look to this section.女店員:當然。我們有裙子和長褲都可以配那件毛衣。看看這邊。
go too far 太過分了,走太遠了
hold vt.懷有,持有(見解等) No, the restaurant will hold our table. 不會 餐廳會保留我們的席位。
hold up 主持,耽擱,延誤,繼續下去,拿起
hold back 阻擋,忍住,保留,隱瞞 hold down 控制,鎮壓=put down
hold off 延誤,保持距離,使"疏遠"
hold on 堅持下去,停止,別掛(電話) He gave them to me to hold on to them 他給我戒指 要我自己保管
hold out 堅持到勝利,支持,維持,伸出 hold to 堅持某個看法(路線),緊緊地抓住 OK, hold to the right. 好 在右邊停住。
hunt vt.追獵;追趕 vi.打獵 He that will have a hare to breakfast must hunt overnight. 早餐想吃野兔肉,頭晚就須去捕捉。 hunt for 尋找 hunt out 找出來 hunt throw 翻找
keep vt.保存,保持;留住 We keep in touch with each other by Email since he left China. 他離開中國以後,我們用Email保持聯系。
keep to 堅持某種習慣,遵循,靠(左右) 8. In England traffic must keep to the left.在英國,車輛必須靠左行駛。 keep back 留在後面,阻止,忍住 keep down 控制,下降,縮減開支
keep off 避開,遠離,讓開 keep out 使其等在外面,不讓進入
keep up 保持,維持,鼓足勇氣 keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事
keep sth from sb 把某事瞞著某人 keep up with 跟上
knock vi.&vt.&n.敲,擊,打 174. Why don't you knock it off? 為什麼不把它關掉?
knock into sb 撞到某人身上;偶然遇到 knock sth down 降低價格,拆除,縮減開支
knock off 下班,停工,很快地寫出文章 knock sb up 匆匆做飯,敲門把某人叫醒,使某人疲倦
knock at 敲(門) 6.Yhere was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.(有人敲門,那是那天晚上打擾我的第二個。) knock sb up 把某人叫醒
know vt.知道;認識;通曉 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼鏡擱哪兒了嗎?
know about 了解,知道情況 How much do you know about the works of George Eliot? 喬治•艾略特的作品你知道多少? know of 聽說,知道為什麼 be know for sth 以...出名 as known to all 眾所周知
lay vt.放,安排,鋪設,覆蓋 and lay them face down. 將牌蓋住。
lay aside 放在…一邊,積蓄 lay down 放下,制定計劃 lay emphasis on sth 強調
lay down one's life for 為...獻出生命 lay out 布置;設計 lay off 解僱
leave v.離開,留下
leave alone 不要管(某人),不要碰(某物)
leave behind 遺留,遺志 leave off (使)停止;中斷
leave out 刪掉,漏掉 leave over 剩下的,暫時不去解決的
lay in 積蓄,儲蓄 36. We have to play inside because it is raining.因為天下雨,我們不得不在屋裡玩。
let vt.容許,使得,假設 Rose, let me introce my friend to you. 羅斯,讓我介紹一下我的朋友。
let alone 不要管,不碰,更不用說 let down 放下(窗簾),失望
let off 燃放鞭炮,放掉蒸汽,放過某人 let out 放掉氣,發出響聲,泄露
look v.看,期待 n.外觀,神色 Yes, but you look as pretty now, as you did then. 但你看起來還是那麼漂亮。 look after 照料 61. It's very noble of you to look after my old grandmother when I was out for business.你心地真好,在我出差期間照顧我年邁的外婆。
look at 看 May I have a look at the watch? 我能看看這塊表嗎? look back 回顧
look in 順便來訪=drop in I don't know. You may look in the TV Guide. 我不知道,你可以看看《電視報》。 look into sth 調查,了解某事,瀏覽(書報) look on as 把...看作... look out 小心,當心,向外看
look around 到處看 Well ... you mind if I look around 嗯……你們不介意我到處瞧瞧
look over 審閱,翻閱 Yes, so we had better look over your specifications. 是的,所以我們最好先把您的規格說明細看一遍。look through 瀏覽,仔細地檢查 look to 負責,留意 The more women look in their glass,the less they look to their house. 婦女照鏡越多,照管家務就越少。
look up (從詞典中)找出,天氣轉變,物價上漲,仰視 to look up 仰視 look up to sb 尊敬某人
look down on sb 輕視某人 look down upon sb 輕視某人
look forward 期待 I look forward to seeing you and Harry and Michelle. 我等著見 Harry和Michelle。
make n.(產品)來源 vt.製造 It's really hard to make a decision. 挺難做決定的。
make for 有助於,向…走過去 make out 辯認出,理解,開(寫)支票,假裝
make up 構成 I am old enough to make up my own mind. 我已經長大了,可以自己拿主意了。
make up for 補償 make up of 由...組成 make phone of 嘲笑,和某人開玩笑
make the best of 充分利用 make certain 弄清楚
make up one's mind 決定,下決心 make up one's minds 決心,下決心
make tea 泡茶 801. She intends to make teaching her profession.她想以教書為職業。
make coffee 沖咖啡 make off 逃跑,匆匆離開
open a.開的;開放的 vt.開 Does the shop open at 9 am on weekdays? 這家店平日是早上9點開門嗎?
open to the public 向公眾開放The town gardens are open to the public from sunrise to the sunset daily.市立公園每天從早到晚對公眾開放。
open traffic 通車 open into 門打開後通向 open to 道路通向 The road bridge is now open to traffic.這座公路橋現在開放通行。 open up 開墾 open fire on sb. 向某人開火 open out 打開,轉開
pass v.通過 n.經過;通行證 Even if you take the exam again, you won't pass it. 就算再考一次你也通不過。 pass away 消磨(時間) to pass away 去世,死(委婉的說法)
pass by 從某人身邊經過,過去 304. Don't let chances pass by. 不要讓機遇從我們身邊溜走。
pass off 消失,順利地進行 pass for 冒充,假扮 pass on 傳下去
pass through 經歷 We don't like them to pass through here. 我們不希望汽車通過這里。
pick n.風鎬;牙簽 v.鑿;摘 ;挑選I pick up my sister from her school. 我到學校接妹妹。
pick out 挑選,認出(某人),領會
pick up 撿起來,中途把某人裝上車,恢復健康 I pick up my sister from her school. 我到學校接妹妹。
pull v.拖,拔, 扯 n.牽引 to pull a trailer 拖汽車房屋(電影中經常見到)
pull down 拆掉,推掉,使身體虛弱,使價格降低 pull off 脫衣帽 pull off a plan 實現計劃
pull out 拔出,離開,度過難關,恢復健康 to pull out of the garage 從車庫開車出來
pull throw 渡過難關,使從病中恢復過來 pull up 車子停下,拔起(樹、草)
put v.放;移動;使穿過;寫 Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼鏡擱哪兒了嗎?
put away 放下,收起來,把…放在原位 595. He has a nice sum of money put away. 他存了一大筆錢。
put aside 把放在...留出(時間),備用
put back 放在原處,推遲,延期 52. When the others had gone, Mary remained and put back the furniture.當其他人走了之後,瑪麗留下來,將傢具放回原處。
put down 鎮壓,寫下來 He put down his glass.他放下杯子。 put forward 提出,提前,提供
put in 提交,申請(+for) All is not gain that is put in the purse. 裝進錢包里的不一定都是正當的收入。
put off 推遲,延期,打消,關上 71. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日畢。
put on 穿上,上演 put on a bit of makeup. 我化一點妝。 put through 接通電話
put out 撲滅,關燈,生產,出版 Far water does not put out near fire.遠水救不了近火。
put up 張貼,留某人過夜,建造 if we can put up some collateral. 如果我們能提供擔保物的話
put into proction 把...投入生產 put into use 投入使用 put one's heart into 全心全意投入
run v.(使)跑 n.賽跑;路線 He can run as fast as Jim. 他跑的和吉姆一樣快。
run across 穿過(跪道),偶然遇到 run after 追趕 to run after the gentleman 追求紳士
run away 逃走,失去控制 to run away from his sister 從他姐姐那兒逃走(發生了什麼事情?)
run down 身體虛弱,電用完了 run into sb 碰到某人
run for 競選 Why shouldn't you run for what, Mom? 為什麼 不該競選什麼 媽媽
run out 用完 Well, I suppose I've run out of excuses. 噢 我想我再也找不出籍口了。
run over 匆匆瀏覽 run through 穿過,匆匆看一下,做完 Let's just run through the arguments for and against. 我們來看一下贊成和反對的理由。
run a risk of =at the risk of 冒...險 run a fever 發燒 run short of 缺乏
see vt.看見;遇見;看出 Hello. Can I see Mr. Green? 你好,我能見格林先生嗎?
see sb off 為某人送行,解僱 see into sth 調查,了解某事
see about 負責處理 5. I'll have to see about that.這事兒我得想一想再定。
see through 看穿某人 see sth through 進行到底 see to get that 務必要
send vt. vi.送,寄發;派遣 To make it fast, you can send a fax. 要想快點的話就發個傳真。
send for 派某人去請,去叫某人 send off 發出,寄出
send sb off =see sb. off 為某人送行,解僱 send out 發出,發射 send in 交上去,遞送
send on 轉交 I can send one for you to try. 我們可以寄個給你試用。
set vi.(日,月)落,vt.放 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我們要上樓收拾一下爺爺的房間。 set about sth 著手做某事 set about doing sth 著手做某事 set out 出發,開始做某事,陳述 24. After several delays, he finally set out at 8 o'clock.幾經耽擱,他終於在八點鍾出發了。
set apart 分離,流出 set aside 流出,宣布…無效 In that case ,I'll have some set aside for you. 既然這么說,我會為你留一些下來。 set down 放下,寫下 set off 出發
set up 建立 We are going upstairs to set up Grandpa's room. 我們要上樓收拾一下爺爺的房間。
set fire to 放火燒 set an example for 為某人樹立榜樣
start vi.跳起;出發;開始 What time do you start work? 你什麼時候開始工作?
start from 從...開始 start with 就此開始 to schele one hour a week--to start with.安排一星期一個小時。 start in 開始 start after sb. 追趕上某人 start off 動身出發 start out 著手進行
start up 開工,突然站起來 at the very start 一開始
take vt.耗費(時間);需要 I used to take a walk in the early morning. 我過去常一大早出去散步。
take away 拿走,離開 20. I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday.我想帶走你昨天給我看的那本書。 take back 拿回來 take back one's words 收回(剛講的話)
take A for B 把A誤認為是B take in sth 接受 take in sb 欺騙
take off 起飛,取消 Before gold,even kings take off their hats. 在黃金面前,國王也要脫帽。
take on 呈現,承擔 The U.S. will take one route, the Japan take other. 美國和日本採取不同的新路徑。
take on sb 僱用 take up 占據(時間,地方),從事於
take pride in =be proud of 引以為豪 take turn 輪流 take in turn 依次
take pains to do 努力做某事 take a chance 碰運氣
take a lead 帶頭 take effect 生效 take charge of 負責 take one's leave 告辭
think v.思考;認為;想起 Yes, I think so. 是的,我認為是。
think about 考慮,關心 What do you think about it? 你對此怎麼看?
think of 想起,記得,覺得怎樣 What do you think of their skill? 你覺得他們演奏技術如何?
think of as 把...當作... think over 仔細考慮 think out 想出,解決了,想清楚
think back to 回想過去 think well of 高度評價 think highly of 高度評價
throw v.投射;摔倒 n.投擲 to throw a plane 拋(紙)飛機
throw about 到處扔 throw away 扔掉,浪費(金錢),失去(機會)
throw back 扔回來,阻止,進攻 throw down 扔下來,推翻 within a stones throw off 靠...很近
throw in 扔,扔進 throw into 扔,扔進 throw in a word or two 插一兩句話
throw off 匆忙地脫掉,擺脫,扔掉 throw off one's airs 放下某人的架子 throw on 匆忙穿上
throw out 趕走 Don't throw out the baby with the bath water. 切勿良莠不分一起拋。
throw light on 提供線索,有助理解某事 throw one's self into 投入 throw cold water 潑冷水
turn v.轉向,旋轉 n.輪流 Open your books and turn to page 20. 打開書,翻到第20頁。
turn back 翻回到+to turn down 拒絕,音量調低
turn up 音量調高,出席 L: You can fill in this lost property report, and I'll keep my eye out for it. Those kinds of things usually turn up eventually, but I suggest you contact your embassy and tell them about your situation, so they can issue you a new passport in ca

B. english 第3人稱代詞

人稱代詞(Personal Pronoun)

定義

語法上對說話者、說話者的對手、以及所說及的人或事物所作的區分叫作人稱(Person),而表達人稱之區別的代詞就叫作人稱代詞(Personal pronoun)。

人稱共有下列三種:

(1)第一人稱(First Person):指說話者本身(包括個人及團體。)

(2)第二人稱(Second Person):指說話者的對方(包括個人及團體。)

(3)第三人稱(Third Person):指所說及的人或事物(包括個體或整體。)

人稱代詞在詞形上沒有復數的詞尾變化,但是在數(Number)、性(Gender)、及格(Case)卻有其各不相同的代表詞,

A.人稱代詞的用法

(1)人稱代詞依其格的區分,用法如下:

(a)主格:作主語或主語補語。

例:I speak English better now.

(我現在英語講得比較好了。——主語)

例:It is she who sings the best in my class.

(在我的班裡歌唱得最好的就是她。——主語補語)

註:

① 「It is I」與「It is me.」

傳統文法以「It is I.」為正確,但是現代英語使用「It is me.」已很普遍,甚至於要說「It is I who…」也常改說「I am the one who…」,以避開「It is I…」。

② 第三人稱單數為主語時,應注意與單數動詞一致。

例:He does everything very carefully.

(他做事都很小心。)

例:She was not at the party yesterday.

(昨天她沒有參加宴會。)

(b)所有格:表達對人、事物等的擁有或所有。

例:This is our school.

(這是我們的學校。)

例:He always did his best to help others.

(他總是會盡他的一切去幫助別人。)

註:「所有格代詞+own」可表達自身的擁有或所有。

例:This is his own house(=This house is his own.)

(這是他自己的房子。——表示非租借的意思。)

(c)賓格:作直接賓語、間接賓語、賓語補語、介詞的賓語。

例:We all know him.

(我們都認識他。——直接賓語)

例:The teacher asks us questions in class.

(老師在上課中都會問我們問題。——間接賓語)

例:The new teacher took Amy for me this morning.

(今天早上新到的老師把Amy錯認是我。——賓語補語)

例:I sometimes go camping with them.

(我有時候和他們去露營。——介詞的賓語)

註:

① 主語的比較皆使用主格。

例:Mary is older than he by two years.

(瑪麗年歲比他大兩歲。)

請注意下列例句的不同比較

例:I love you more than he (loves you).

(我比他更愛你。)

I love you more than (I love) her.

(我愛你甚於愛她。)

② 作補語用的人稱代詞,其格與相關的名詞或代詞須一致。

例:I believe (that ) it was he who wrote that letter.

(我相信寫了那封信的人是他。——「it」為主語)

Do you really believe it to be him?

(你真的相信是他嗎?——「it」為賓語)

③ 兩個以上的人稱代詞並列時,禮貌的表達次序是:

you and I/me

you, he/she, and I/me

he/she and I/me

you and he/she

例:You and I are to blame, not she.

(不對的是你和我,不是她。)

例:Would you and Mary like to come with us?

(你和瑪麗要不要和我們一道來?)

例:She didn't know whether to ring you or me.

(她不知道是否該打個電話給你或我。)

(2)We, You, They的特別用法

(a)We

(i)總稱:如中文的「我們,咱們」。

例:Indeed we want freedom, but we must obey laws.

(誠然我們要自由,但是我們必須服從法律。)

(ii)本地:指自己出生或所在的地方

例:We grow rice in Taiwan.

(台灣是生產稻米的。——說話者是台灣人,說話時人可能在台灣,亦有可能不在台灣。)

例:We don't have much rain here in autumn.

(本地秋天雨量不多。)

(b)You

指包括對方的一般大眾。

例:Nowadays you young people don't marry so early as we did years ago.

(當今你們年輕人不像多年前的我們那樣早婚。)

例:When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do.

(入鄉隨俗。——格言)

(c)They

(i)指有關人士、團體或政府當局等。

例:They always say the same words when an accident happens.

(一有意外事故發生他們總是說同樣的話。)

(ii)其他地方:「We」(ii)的相反

例:They grow corn in those states.

(那幾州是生產玉米的。)

(iii)They = People

例:They say that there will be a new war in the Middle East.

(=People say that…)

(=It is said that…)

(大家都說中東將會發生一場新的戰爭。)

B.「It」的用法

(1)指事物,人(不明性別或何人時),嬰孩、動物(不提性別)或昆蟲等。

例:「Where is my watch, dear?」

(我的手錶在哪兒,親愛的?)

「I saw it in your drawer last night.」

(昨晚我看到它在你的抽屜里。)

例:「Who is it?」

(是誰?——如敲門時,不明對方的性別或何人。)

「It's me, Peter.」

(是我,彼得。)

例:Mrs. Huang had a baby last night.It weighs 4 kilos.

(黃太太昨夜生了一個嬰兒,體重達四公斤。)

例:What's that?

(那是什麼?)

It's a silkworm.

(是蠶。)

(2)表達時間、日期、季節、天氣、距離、環境等。

例:「What time is it?」—「It's five to twelve.」

(幾點鍾了?——現在是十一點五十五分。)

例:「What's the date?」—「It is the third of October.」

(今天幾月幾日?——今天是十月三日。)

例:It is very hot in summer.

(夏天的天氣都是很熱。)

例:How far is it from here to the station?

(這里到車站有多遠?)

例:I like it here very much.

(我很喜歡這里的環境。)

(3)表達強調

句型It +be…+that(who)…

例:It was Paul that (who) broke the window.

(=Paul broke the window.)

(打破了窗的人是保羅。)

解說 「It… that…」是表達強調的正常句式,但是若強調點是「人」,則使用「It…who…」也很普通。本句式可用於一個句子中的任何強調點,例如:

例:Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

→It was Peter who met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

(昨天在戲院看到海倫和比爾的人是彼得。)

→It was Helen and Bill that Peter met at the theater yesterday.

(昨天彼得在戲院所遇見的人是海倫和比爾。)

→It was at the theater that Peter met Helen and Bill yesterday.

(昨天彼得遇見海倫和比爾的地點是戲院。)

→It was yesterday that Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater.

(彼得在戲院遇見海倫和比爾的時間是昨天。)

(4)形式主語

例:It is shameful the way he behaves himself before girls.

(他在女生面前的舉止真叫人臉紅。)

例:It is easy to find fault with others.

(批評別人是容易的。)

例:It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.

(你講她的壞話是不對的。)

例:It is a great convenience living / to live in a big city.

(住在大城市裡事事都方便。)

例:It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.

(她居然和農民結婚實在令人意想不到。)

解說 上面各例句都可以把「It」所代表的實際主語移到句首來,例如:

The way he behaves himself before girls is shameful.

To find fault with others is easy.

雖然如此,現代英語仍以「It…」較普通。

(5)形式賓語

例:I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination.

(我認為考試作弊是不對的。)

例:Don't you find it a waste of time watching television too much?

(你不覺得電視看得太多是浪費時間嗎?)

例:I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days.

(我覺得傑克近日來會有這么多的錢可花費是一件奇怪的事。)

解說 本句式都用於有賓語補語的不完全及物動詞的句子,「it」代表著賓語補語之後的實際賓語(不定式、動名詞、或that-clause)。本句式的實際賓語不可以移入「it」的位置而把「it」省略。常可用本句式來表達的不完全及物動詞有:

find(發現,覺得),think(想,覺得),believe(相信),consider(認為),make,take,etc.

(6)「it」可以代表前述的短語或句子

例:Don't let your children play with matches or lighters.It is dangerous.

(不要讓你的小孩們玩火柴或打火機。那是危險的。)

例:「Jim can solve that puzzle.」

(吉姆能解答那個謎題。)

「I don't believe it.」

(我不相信。)

(7)「it」常作非人稱動詞的主語

例:It happened that I was there then.

(碰巧當時我也在場。)

例:It appears that he'll be elected.

(他像是會當選的樣子。)

例:It occurred to me then that I had an appointment with her that evening.

(當時我突然想起來我本來和她在當天晚上有約會。)

C.獨立所有格代詞

定義:代詞能獨立表達對事物的擁有或所有,並在句子中扮其所代表的名詞的功能者叫做獨立所有格代詞(Independent Possessive)

註:「its」幾乎不作獨立所有格使用。

用法

(1)代表前述或後述的名詞

例:This is your umbrella and mine(=my umbrella)is the one in your hand.

(這一把是你的雨傘,我的是你手拿著的那一把。)

例:These are your balls, mine(=my balls)are those in that basket.

(這些是你的球,我的是在那個籃子里的那些。)

例:Ours(=Our car)is a sports car so it runs the fastest.

(我們的是一輛賽車,所以它跑得最快。)

解說 獨立所有格可以作句子的主語、補語、賓語等使用,全為第三人稱,其數則由它所代表的名詞來決定(由上示各例可知)。

(2)代表對話內共知的事物

例:You eat yours,and I eat mine.

(你吃你的,我吃我的。——他們在吃什麼?這自是對話者之間共知的事。)

(3)獨立用法:

Yours truly(sincerely…).

Sincerely(Truly…)yours.

這種用法都是書信結尾的客套語,等於中文的「……敬啟」,只用於「yours」。

(4)of +獨立所有格代詞:雙重所有表達法

例:He is an old friend of mine.

(他是我的一個老朋友。)

例:They are beautiful,those flowers of yours.

=Those flowers of yours are beautiful.

(你的這些花很美。)

(請參考第十五章,第六節,C3雙重所有格。)

D.反身代詞

定義:人稱代詞的賓格或所有格詞尾加「-self,-selves」的代詞稱為反身代詞(Reflexive Pronoun),亦稱復合人稱代詞(Compound Personal Pronoun)。

用法

(1)反身用法:及物動詞的賓語即為主語本身的用法叫作反身用法。

例A:The old man killed himself last night.

(那個老人昨夜自殺了。)

例B:We enjoyed ourselves very much at the party last night.

(昨夜我們在宴會中過得很愉快。)

例C:Help yourselves,please.

(請各位不要客氣。)

解說 如各例句所示,各反身代詞都是指其主語本身。這種用法有些已成為慣用表達法(例B),例如:

例:He absented himself from school this morning.

(他今天早晨缺席,沒有到學校。)

例:She seated herself by the window.

(她揀了窗邊的一個座位坐下來。)

例:I was late this morning because I overslept myself.

(今天早晨我遲到是因為我睡過頭了。)

例:Don't overeat yourself,or you'll get sick.

(不要暴食,否則你會生病的)

例:They dressed themselves up quickly and left the house.

(他們匆匆地穿好衣服後就出去了。)

(2)作介詞的賓語用:也是屬於反身用法。

例A:The door opened of itself. (無外力干預,即"自動")

(門自動地開了。)

例B:I like to travel by myself. (無外人參加,即"獨自")

(我喜歡獨自旅行。)

例C:She was beside herself with grief. (脫離自我, 即"失常")

(她悲傷過度,神經失常了。)

(3)表達強調

例:I myself heard him say so yesterday.

(我昨天親自聽他這么說的。)

例:she did it herself.(=She herself did it.)

(她自己做的。)

例:The story itself is not interesting.

(故事本身並不令人感到有趣。)

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