主要成分英語怎麼說及英語單詞
1. 老師,您好!請問英語句子中的成分有哪些,那些成分的英語單詞是什麼
名詞成分:主,表,賓
動詞成分:謂語
形容詞成分:表語、定語、賓補
副詞成分:狀語
數詞成分:定語及名詞成分;
代詞成分:主,表,賓,定
2. 英語單詞後綴
名詞後綴
1.-ant,-ent表示人或構件
applicant(申請人),assistant(助手),occupant(居住者,佔有人),component(部件,成分),defendant(被告)dependant(依賴他人者)
2.-ee在動詞後面,表示動作的接受者
employee(被僱傭者),abandonee(受領被拋棄財物者), addressee(收件人)appointee(被任命者),refugee (難民)
3.-eer表示「從事於……的人」
engineer(工程師),profiteer(投機者),pioneer(先 鋒),volunteer(志願者)
4.-er加在動詞後指人或機械;加在地名後面指該地區的人
dispenser(葯劑師),dyer(染色工),sampler(品嘗家) ,absorber(吸收者),amplifier(擴大器),Londoner (倫敦人),New Yorler(紐約人)
5.-or指人或物
accelerator(加速器),accumulator(蓄電池、存儲器),actor(演員),collector (收集者)
6.-graph用於寫或記錄的機械
ammograph(風速什),chorograph(位置測定器),seimograph(地震儀)。
7.-ian,-an,-ese指大陸、國家的人
African(非洲人),American(美國人),Asian(亞洲人),Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中國人)
8.-ician指熟悉……人
electrician(電工),logician(邏輯學家), mathematician(數學者)
9.-ist指相信某種理論或制度或經常做某項工作的人
botanist(植物學家),chemist(化學家),communist (共產黨員),typist(打字員),violinist(小提琴家)
10.-miter,-meter儀器 tachmiter(視距儀,准距儀),tromometer(微震儀)。
11.-ism主義
socailism(社會主義),capitalism(資本主義)
12.-ard指人,帶輕蔑意味
drunkard(醉鬼),coward(膽小鬼)
13.-ette小,(商業上)表示假的
cigarette(香煙),kitchenette(小廚房),essayette (短論文),storyette(短篇小說),flannette(棉法蘭 絨),leatherette(人造革)。
14.-y,-ie加在稱呼上表示親昵。
Deary(親愛的),daddy(爸爸),granny(奶奶、姥姥) ,shorty(短衣服)
15.-let小(加在名詞後面)
booklet(小冊子),streamlet(小溪)
16.-ling小(帶有輕蔑的意思)
lordling(愧儡王),professorling(小教授),weakling(窩囊廢),hireling(市儈)
17.-age加在動詞後面,表示行為的結果
stoppage(阻塞),storage(儲藏),marriage(婚姻) ,stortage(短缺)
18.-al加在動詞後面
approval(建議),denial(否認),refusal(拒絕), rehearsal(綵排)
19.-ion,-sion,-tion加在動詞後面
selection(選擇),correction(修改),intention(打算),recognition(認識),description(描寫), ecation(教育),solution(解決),decision(決定)
20.-cy構成名詞
accuracy(正確性),diplomacy(外交),constancy (經常),bankruptcy(破產)
21.-dom表示國家,職業,狀況
freedom(自由),martyrdom(殉難),kingdom(王國) ,wisdom(智慧)
22.-ful加在容器後面,表示某容器的容量
handful(一把的),mouthful(一口之量的),glassful (一杯之量的)
23.-hood為名詞後輟,表示關系或抽象意義
brotherhood(兄弟),fatherhood(你輩),neighborhood (鄰居),likelihood(可能性)
24.-it, is表示「炎症」
bronchitis(支氣管炎),arthritis(關節炎), appendicitis(闌尾炎)
25.-ity加在形容詞後面,表示抽象意義
ability(能力),reality(現實)
26.-ment加在動詞後面
advertisement(廣告),government(政府), punishment(懲罰),settlement(解決),statement (聲明),pavement(人行道)
27.-ness是最活躍的後綴之一,可以加在許多形容詞後,構成抽象名詞
friendliness(友好),kindness(和藹), progressiveness(進步)
28.-gram構成「畫、圖、字」等含義
diagram(圖表,圖解),program(計劃),telegram(電 文,電報)
29.-ship加在名詞後面,表示狀態、抽象概念
friendship(友誼),relationship(關系), membership(成員),citizenship(居民權)
30.-try,-ery加在名詞、形容詞、動詞後面,表示集體,地點
archery(箭術),fishery(漁場),brewery(釀酒廠) ,forestry(林業)
31.-th是名詞後輟
birth(出生),death(死亡),depth(深度),growth (生長),strength(力量),truth(真理)
32.-ty加在形容詞後面,表示特性或情況
bounty(慷慨,好施),cruelty(殘酷),loyalty(忠誠),plenty(多),safety(安全)
33.-ure加在動詞後面,表示行為及其結果
disclosure(說出,透露),expenditure(花費), mixture(混合),exposure(展現,暴露),picture(圖畫)
34.-ics主要表示一門學問
acoustics(聲學),aerobatics(技巧飛行), economics(經濟學),electronics(電子學), mechanics(機械學)
35.-logy表示一門學科
archaeology(考古學),biology(生物學),etymology (詞源學),geology(地理學)
36.-nomy
astronomy(天文學),economy(經濟),taxonomy(分類學)
形容詞後綴
1.-able,-ible加在動詞後面
acceptable(可接受的),avoidable(可避免的) understandable(可理解的),readable(可讀的), countable(可數的),possible(可能的)
2.-al加在地名上
African(非洲的),Australian(澳大利亞的),Canadian(加拿大的)
4.-ern表示方向
eastern(東方的),northern(北方的),southern(南方的),western(西方的)
5.-ese 表示人
Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中國人),Vietnamese (越南人)
6.-ic加在名詞後面
economic(經濟的),specific(特殊的),scientific (科學的)
7.-ical加在名詞後面
economical(經濟的),historical(歷史的)political(政治的)
8.-ish
(1). 加在國家名稱後面,表示該國的或者該國的人。
Swedish(瑞典的),Irish(愛爾蘭的),Danish(丹麥的)
(2). 加在普通名詞後面,表示「具有……性質」,或者含有輕蔑的意思。
Childish(幼稚的),womanish(女人氣的),foolish(愚昧的),selfish(自私的)。
(3). 加在表示顏色的形容詞後面,表示「略帶……顏色的」。
Greenish(微綠的),yessowish(微黃色的)。
9.-ar加在外詞後面,構成形容詞
annular(環狀的),familiar(熟悉的),linear(線的) ,nuclear(原子的),angular(角的),circular(圓的)
10.-ed加在名詞後面,構成形容詞
aged(年長的),cultured(有文化的),skilled(有技術的),talented(有才能的),wretched(可憐的)
11.-fold加在數詞或名詞後,構成形容詞
twofold(三倍的),threefold(三倍的),tenfold(十倍的),thousandfold(千倍的),manifold(許多倍的)
12.-id構成形容詞
acid(酸的),acrid(刻薄的)
13.-ing加在動詞後面,構成形容詞
appetizing(開胃的),encouraging(鼓舞人心的),exciting(令人激動的),interesting(有趣的)。
14.-less加在名詞後面,構成與之反義的形容詞
armless(無手臂的),boundless(無限的),countless(不可數的),faithless(背信棄義的)
15.-proof加在名詞之後,表示「防…的」形容詞
airproof(防氣的),soundproof(隔音的),bombproof (防炸彈的),burglarproof(防盜的),waterproof(防水的)
16.-some加在形容詞後,構成形容詞
fulsome(過度的,討厭的),gladsome(愉快的), tiresome(疲憊的),lonesome(孤獨的)
17.-ious,-uous,-eous構成形容詞
various(多種多樣的),continuous(繼續的), courageous(有勇氣的)
18.-en加在名詞後面,構成動詞
lengthen(加長),frighten(恐嚇)
動詞後綴
1.-ate,-ute
accumulate(集中),formulate(形成),calculate(計算),attribute(歸功)
2.-en加在名詞、形容詞後面
blacken(使……黑),broaden(擴寬),deepen(加深) ,fasten(加快),harden(加固),thicken(加厚)
3.-ify加在名詞、形容詞後面
acidify, alkalify(鹼化),beautify(美化), electrify(使充電),certify(肯定),modify(修正)
4.-ize,-ise,-yxe,-yse
Americanize(美國化),analyze(分析),democratize (民主化),modernize(現代化),popularize(通俗化,推廣)
5.-er
batter(猛打),flatter(吹捧),chatter(喋喋不休地說),whisper(耳語)
副詞後綴
1.-ly加在形容詞後面
immediately(立即),quickly(快的),namely(即,就是說)
2.-ways,-wise,-ward加在名詞或代詞後面
endways(末端向上地),endwise(末端向下地), lengthways(縱長地),lengthwise(縱長地), backwards(向後退地),upwards(向上地)
3. 英語句子成分分析,每種還要舉至少5個例子,詳解各個單詞在該句中做什麼成分。
版本一
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定義:構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
(二)主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位於句首。但在there be結構、疑問句(當主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位於謂語、助動詞或情態動詞後面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)
We often speak English in class.(代詞)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(數詞)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(動名詞)
The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主語從句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為後面的不定式)
(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特徵和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之後。謂語的構成如下:
1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、復合謂語:(1)由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系動詞加表語構成。如:We are students.
(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特徵和狀態,它一般位於系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之後。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)
Is it yours?(代詞)
The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)
The speech is exciting.(分詞)
Three times seven is twenty one?(數詞)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(愛好)is playing football.(動名詞)
The machine must be out of order.(介詞短語)
Time is up. The class is over.(副詞)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表語從句)
(五)賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位於及物動詞和介詞後面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代詞)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數詞)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短語)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(動名詞短語)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(賓語從句)
賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.
(2)復合賓語(賓語+賓補),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)賓語補足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補)。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名詞)
They painted their boat white.(形容詞)
Let the fresh air in.(副詞)
You mustn』t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短語)
We saw her entering the room.(現在分詞)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介詞短語)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(從句)
(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分詞)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名詞)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代詞)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短語)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(動名詞)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介詞短語)
(八)狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態特徵的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副詞及副詞性片語)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短語)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分詞短語)
Wait a minute.(名詞)
Once you begin, you must continue.(狀語從句)
狀語種類如下:
How about meeting again at six?(時間狀語)
Last night she didn』t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因狀語)
I shall go there if it doesn』t rain.(條件狀語)
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.(地點狀語)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式狀語)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴隨狀語)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的狀語)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(結果狀語)
She works very hard though she is old.(讓步狀語)
I am taller than he is.(比較狀語)
練習一
一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什麼句子成分:
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our ty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(~):
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語(—)、狀語(=)、補語(~):
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、選擇填空:
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that B. when C. in which D. where
句子結構
簡單句的五個基本句型
主語 + 不及物動詞 She came./ My head aches.
主語 + 及物動詞 +賓語 She likes English.
主語 + 系動詞 +主語補語 She is happy.
主語 + 雙賓動詞 +間接賓語 +直接賓語 She gave John a book She bought a book for me.
主語 + 賓補動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補語 She makes her mother angry.
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
( There +be There lies a book on the desk. )
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.
7. ---I love you more than her,child .
8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open.
10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
12. All the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one.
14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous,help yourself to what you like.
16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come.That is why he didn't know.
18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month.
24. Go back where you came from.
25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hungry.
27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher.
29. Do you know the latest news about him?
30. I』ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
4. 英語劃分句子成分的英文單詞,例如主語,謂語,賓語……
主語 subject
謂語predicate
賓語 object
表語 predictive
賓補 object complement
定語 attribute
狀語 adverbial
同位語 appositive