北京市公園管理中心英語四級
All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT
that ____.
以下選復項中哪制一個不是廣告客戶刊登分類廣告的好處。
Ⅱ 求英語四級閱讀理解的翻譯
2009年北京高考英語閱讀理解試題中文翻譯
A篇 How I Turned to Be Optimistic
I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt』s house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.
I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to 「the hard times. 」
My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences I have learned one important rule: Almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.
我如何變得樂觀
我開始長大，在那個冬季的晚上，當我的父母和我從我的姑姑家返回的時候，我的母親說，我們可能不久將離開美國。我們當時在公共汽車上。我哭，有些在公共汽車上的人轉過頭看著我。我記得，我無法忍受再也聽不到每天早上為小學生們播放的電台節目的思緒了。
我不記得自己再一次為這個原因哭泣了。事實上，我想當我告別我的朋友和親戚我很少哭。當我們離開我曾經想要去看的所有的地方，那些只有從書上和圖片上知道的奇異的，魔法的地方。我離開的國家幾乎再也不會回到我的腦海中了。
4年來，所發生的事教我必須樂觀，但這種想法不是立刻來找我的。頭兩年在紐約我真的失望了，憂郁家庭的搬家，我不得不換了三所學校讀書。我並不很了解我是什麼或者我應該做什麼。母親改嫁，事情對我來說變得更加復雜了。過一段時間之後，我的繼父和我才習慣了對方。我常常難過，並認為「艱難的時期」遙遙無期。
我的責任在家庭中增加了很多，因為我知道的英文比家裡的其他人要多。我寫的信件，填寫表格，在與入境處人員面試時翻譯，帶我的爺爺奶奶去看醫生並且在那翻譯，甚至與公司的代表討論電話費。
以我的經驗，我學到的一個重要的規則：幾乎所有的普通麻煩最終都會消失！只要你沒有放棄，好的結果最後肯定回到來，只要一點等待！我相信，我的生活結果將會是好的，盡管它不會那麼容易。
B篇
Dear Friend.
The recent success of children』s books has made the general public aware that there's a huge market out there.
And there's a growing need for new writers trained to create the ＄3 billion worth of children's books bought each year……plus stories and articles needed by over 650 publishers of magazines for children and teenagers.
Who are these needed writers? They』re ordinary folks like you and me.
But am I good enough?
I was once where you might be now. My thoughts of writing had been pushed down by self-doubt, and I didn't know where to turn for help.
Then, I accepted a free offer from the Institute to test my writing aptitude（潛能）, and it turned out to be the inspiration I needed.
The promise that paid off
The Institute made the same promise to me that they will make to you, if you show basic writing ability:
You will complete at least one manuscript（手稿）suitable to hand in to a publisher by the time you finish our course.
I really didn't expect any publication before I finished the course, but that happened. I sold three stories. And I soon discovered that was not unusual at the Institute.
Since graation, I have authored 34 nationally published children's books and over 300 stories and articles.
Free test and brochure
We offer a free aptitude test and will send you a of our brochure describing our recognized home-study courses on the basis of one-on-one training.
Realize your writing dream today. There's nothing sadder than a dream delayed until it fades forever.
Sincerely.
Kristi Holl, Instructor
Institute of Children's Literature
親愛的朋友。
最近兒童讀物的成功，使一般公眾意識到，它有一個市場非常龐大的市場。
越來越有必要為新的作家培訓，以創造每年價值30億美元的兒童書籍購買... ...加上針對兒童和青少年的故事和文章所需要的650多出版商雜志。
誰是這些需要的作家？他們是像你和我的普通人。
但我就足夠好了嗎？
我曾經在您可能現在呆的地方。我寫作的想法被自我懷疑壓倒了，我不知道去哪裡尋求幫助。
然後，我接受了來自於能夠測試我寫作潛能的組織免費提供的幫助。它結果成為了我需要靈感。
承諾得到了回報。
該組織所做出的對我的承諾同樣將支付給你，如果你表現出基本的寫作能力：您將至少有一個完整的適合你的手稿手，以便於在你完成我們的課程的時候能夠交上來。
我真的沒有想到我完成了課程之前會有任何出版，但它卻發生了。我變賣了三個故事。我很快發現，在這個組織那並不是不尋常。
自畢業後，我已出版著作34個國家的兒童讀物和超過300個故事和文章。
免費試用和小冊子。
我們提供免費的能力傾向測試，並會向您發送了一份小冊子來介紹我們公認的家庭學習課程，進行一對一的基礎培訓。
今天實現您的寫作夢想。沒有什麼比一個夢想被耽擱更傷心的了，直到它消失永遠。
此致。
克里斯蒂諾貝特霍爾，導師
兒童文學研究所
C 篇
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors, But now scientists are giving this feelings an empirical（經驗的, 實證的）basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room』s ceiling affects how people to think. Her research indicates that the higher callings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant』s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design ＆Planning Laboratory at University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim（暗淡的）light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low ring dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. 「We have a very limited number of studies, so we』re almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）, 」architect David Allison says. 「How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That』s what we're all struggling with. 」
傢具設計是如何影響我們工作和感情的
建築師長久以來就感覺到我們生活的地方可能會影響我們的思想，感情和行為，但現在科學家正給予這種感情實證的基礎。他們正在發掘如何設計促進創造力，使人們集中，並放鬆的空間。
研究表明，各方面的物質環境可以影響創造力。 2007年，瓊邁耶斯，利維在美國明尼蘇達大學的報告說，一個房間天花板的高度影響人們如何去思考。她的研究表明，更高的天花板鼓勵人們更加自由的思考，這可能導致他們做出更多的抽象聯想。低的天花板，另一方面，可能會激發更詳細的展望。
此外，天花板的高度，所建築物所提供的視野可能會影響到工作人員的注意力。南希井和她的同事發現，在康奈爾大學的研究，那些經歷了在綠色方面大幅度提高的全家搬家的孩子們，在注意力的測試水平上有了巨大的提高。
運用天性去改善關注的焦點應該在學術上取得成功，它似乎是，根據由喬治亞大學負責學術設計與規劃實驗室的肯尼思唐納領導的一項研究顯示。唐納和他的研究小組發現，距離窗子至少50英尺遠的擁有暢通視野的教室學生比那些基本上忽視道路和停車場的學生在詞彙、語言藝術和數學的測試上有更高的分數。
最近一項關於室內照明設計的研究表明，暗淡的燈光有助於人們放鬆。如果這大體上是真的，在晚宴或是聚會上保持低的光線可以增加放鬆。哈佛醫學院的研究人員還發現，帶有圓角邊緣的傢具可以幫助參觀者放鬆。
迄今科學家們主要集中在公共建築。 「我們有一個數量非常有限的研究，因此，我們看問題幾乎是管中窺豹 」建築師大衛艾里森說。 「你怎麼回答非常具體的問題，並把它們廣泛的，普遍的運用呢？這就是我們都苦苦掙扎的事情。
D 篇
When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance ,the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list . Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an ecation priority （優先）. This view is shortsighted. In fact, music ecation is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression_r of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
Music provides a kind of perception（感知）that cannot be acquired any other way . Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore emotive（情感的） meaning of the same phenomenon . We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings 「talk」 to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.
So music ecation is far more necessary than people to realize.
當學生和家長的要求根據重要性去評估學科，藝術就不可避免的排在了清單的底部。音樂很不錯，人們似乎說，但並不重要。它往往被視為單純的娛樂，但肯定不是優先教育。這種看法是短淺的。事實上，音樂教育對所有的學生是有益的、重要的。
音樂告訴我們我們是誰。因為音樂是一種人類表達方式，它反映了他們的思想和價值觀，以及來自的社會環境。搖滾音樂就好像舒伯特的歌曲一樣代表了一種生活方式。爵士影響了喬治格什溫和其他音樂家引入到他們的音樂，這顯然是美國人，因為它來自美國音樂的傳統。音樂表達了我們的性格和價值觀。它給予我們社會身份。
音樂提供了一種不能以任何其他方式獲得的感知。科學可以解釋為什麼太陽升起和降落。藝術探索同樣的現象情感的含義。我們需要一切可能的方式來發現和回應我們這個世界的一個簡單而有力的理由是：沒有一種方法可以得到這一切。
藝術是和數學和科學符號一樣強大的作為溝通內容的思維形式。他們是我們人類相互「對話」的方式。他們是文明的語言，通過它我們可以表達我們的擔心，我們的好奇心，我們的渴望，我們發現，我們的希望。
藝術我們思想和想像力形式的表達方式，以便於使它們能夠與他人分享。一但我們沒有給孩子一個重要表達自己如音樂的方式的機會，我們就剝奪了他們表達音樂的意譯。
科學和技術並沒有告訴我們什麼是人權。藝術卻做到了。音樂是一種表達我們人類苦難，慶祝活動，和平與愛的意義和價值的重要方式。
因此，音樂教育是人類更有必要去實行的。
E
Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at it best, it makes little environmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness. It is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively（不引人注目的）and leave no mark.
Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain, Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner』s permission, except in national parks.
Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite（野營地）seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access: Walking in makes a real adventure.
Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night』s sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot. When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees. Which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and caves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward side. If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influence you might have on the nature word. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made-changing it should be unnecessary.
野外露營是一種非常棒的方式體驗到自然世界，並在最好，它引起很小的小環境影響。但是，隨著越來越多的人想要逃避到曠野。不引人注目的露營正變得越來越重要的。並沒有留下任何標記。
野外露營是不允許的，在許多地方，尤其是在擁擠的低地英國，無論身處何地，了解組織負責管理野生空間，並與他們聯系，了解他們的政策，野營和住房建設。例如，它是野生罰款營在偏遠地區的蘇格蘭，但在英格蘭你必須問地主的同意，除了在國家公園。
露營是放鬆的，在外面睡覺，經歷惡劣天氣，並且沒有現代方便的交通。一個繁忙的，設備齊全的野營地似乎違背這一點，所以尋找更小，更偏遠的地方，方便的休憩用地，也許海灘。更好的是，找到一個營地，沒有公路交通：行走於一個真正的冒險。
找到合適的位置營地是第一步，以保證良好的睡眠。選擇一個隱私的營地和對他人和環境有最低影響。嘗試使用一個明顯之前有人露營過的地方，而不是建立一個新的位置。當在林地露營時，在一個大風夜晚，避免站在死樹下。避免動物活動頻繁的洞穴，和叮咬昆蟲的窩。請確定您在迎風面上有最安全的保護。如果你生火，要在順風的住房附近。總是要考慮到你對自然世界的影響。避免損害植物。發現一個很好的露營地，它應該是沒有必要作出改變的。