四級英語典型例題
本文是一篇公共英語四級的閱讀理解考試題及答案(答案在文章尾部)，希望能幫助大家順利通過考試!
Section III Reading Comprehension(45 points) 閱讀理解
Text 1
No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demeaning to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an indivial but only lives to function as a part of the whole. The indivial in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a large, more important concept. What could be more important than the indivial oneself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence.
Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, eliminates all envy and competition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, eat the same type of food. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion instry yearly.
Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Salespersons would be superfluous as well: why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion instry which in turn would have a ripple effect on such instries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. Our entire information and entertainment instries would founder.
41、The author’s viewpoint on uniforms can best be described as __________.
A. practical
B. hysterical
C. radical
D. critical
42、Judged from its style, this passage might be found in __________.
A. a children’s comics book
B. an editorial in a paper
C. a sociology textbook
D. a political platform
43、It can be inferred that the author believes that __________.
A. indivials have no self-worth when they become part of an organization
B. indivials are more important than organizations
C. indivials are not so important as organizations
D. indivials are the same important as organizations
44、The author brings in the example of a parent striving to make life better for his children to make the point that __________.
A. parents have responsibilities for their children
B. uniforms would be less expensive than clothing for children
C. uniforms cause dissension between parents and children
D. indivial motivation would be destroyed by uniforms
(本題分值：1.5分)【正確答案】D
45、The last word of the passage "founder" probably means __________.
A. collapse
B. shrink
C. disappear
D. establish
Text 2
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise ll existence.
Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.
Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.
The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and indivial interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
46、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.
A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
B. small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
C. Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
D. most Americans are ready to offer help
47、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.
A. culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
B. courteous convention and indivial interest are interrelated
C. various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
D. social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
48、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.
A. to improve their hard life
B. in view of their long-distance travel
C. to add some flavor to their own daily life
D. out of a charitable impulse
49、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.
A. tends to be superficial and artificial
B. is generally well kept up in the united States
C. is always understood properly
D. has something to do with the busy tourist trails
50、What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?
A. Favorable.
B. Unfavorable.
C. Indifferent.
D. Neutral.
Text 3
Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their ecation. However, nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time ecation, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time. Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning.
Distance learning is an ecational method, which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals, which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study many be set aside at the student’s convenience with e regard to all life’s other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet. Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test.
Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the equivalence of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The indiviality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance-learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the indivial students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the ecational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through ecation.
51、According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part-time ecation?
A. It requires some break in one’s career.
B. It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.
C. It affects one’s career.
D. It gives the student less time to share with the family.
52、Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning?
A. The students may choose his or her own pace.
B. The students may study at any time to his or her convenience.
C. They can pursue their chosen career while studying.
D. Their tutorial assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, etc.
53、What benefit will distance-learning program bring to a business?
A. Recruitment of more talented people.
B. Good image of the business.
C. Better cooperation with universities.
D. Further training of employees and business growth.
54、What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business?
A. Professional growth.
B. Good relationship with the employer.
C. Good impression on the employer.
D. Higher salary.
55、Which is not the characteristic of distance learning?
A. It includes a subject evaluation tool with every subject.
B. Its course uses the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus.
C. A distance-learning program has a place only for students.
D. The relationship of the professor/student is characterized by indiviality.
Text 4
I remember the way the light touched her hair. She turned her head, and our eyes met, a momentary awareness in that raucous fifth grade classroom. I felt as though I’d been struck a blow under the heart. Thus began my first love affair. Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. Does anyone, anymore, linger in the shadows of evening, drawn by the pale light of a window—her window—like some hapless summer insect? That delirious swooning, asexual but urgent and obsessive, that made me awkward and my voice crack, is like some impossible dream now. I would catch sight of her, walking down an aisle of trees to or from school, and I’d become paralyzed.
She always seemed so poised, so self-possessed. At home, I’d relive each encounter, writhing at the thought of my inadequacies. We eventually got acquainted and socialized as we entered our adolescence, she knew I had a case on her, and I sensed her affectionate tolerance for me. "Going steady" implied a maturity we still lacked. Her Orthodox Jewish upbringing and my own Catholic scruples imposed an inhibited grace that made even kissing a distant prospect, however fervently desired. I managed to hold her once at a dance—chaperoned, of course. Our embrace made her giggle, a sound so trusting that I hated myself for what I’d been thinking. At any rate, my love for Rachel remained unrequited. We graated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army.
When World War II engulfed us, I was sent overseas. For a time we corresponded, and her letters were the highlight of those grinding endless years. Once she sent me a snapshot of herself in a bathing suit, which drove me to the wildest of fantasies. I mentioned the possibility of marriage in my nest letter, and almost immediately her replies became less frequent, less personal. Her Dear John letter finally caught up with me while I was awaiting discharge. She gently explained the impossibility of a marriage between us. Looking back on it, I must have recovered rather quickly, although for the first few months I believed I didn’t want to live. Like Rachel, I found someone else, whom I learned to love with a deep and permanent commitment that has lasted to this day.
56、According to the passage, how old was the author when his first love affair began?
A. Before he entered his teens.
B. In his early teens.
C. In his middle teens.
D. When he was just out of his teens.
57、How did the author behave as a boy in love?
A. His first love motivated him toward hard study.
B. His first love evoked sentimental memories.
C. He was overpowered by wild excitement and passion.
D. He fulfilled his expectations and desires.
58、According to the passage, what held them back from a loving kiss?
A. Her Jewish origin did not allow it.
B. His Catholic adherence forbade it.
C. They were not sure whether it was proper or ethical to kiss in line with their religious decorum.
D. Kissing was found to be inelegant or even distasteful.
59、According to the passage, what was Rachel’s response to the author’s tender affection before the war?
A. She recognized and accepted his love affectionately.
B. She thwarted his affection by flatly turning him down.
C. She fondly permitted him to adore her without losing her own heart to him.
D. She didn’t care for him at all and only took delight in playing with his feelings.
60、Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. Statement and example.
B. Cause and effect.
C. Order of importance.
D. Linear description.
【參考答案】
(一)
41.C42..B43.B44.D45.A
(二)
46.D47..A48.C49.B50.
(三)
51.A52.D53.D54.A55.C
(四)
56.A57.C58.C59.C60.D
英語四級作文的備考，就是多看多記憶往年的真題以及範文，這樣能夠更好的把握作文的要求，在考試的時候才能夠寫出不錯的文章。今天我們為大家整理了歷年大學英語四級作文真題及範文匯總，了解一下吧。
2009年6月四級真題作文範文
【試題】
(1)現在越來越多的博物館向公眾開放
(2)有人認為會帶來很多問題。
(3)我認為…
【範文】
There are an increasing number of museums which are open to the public for free in our daily life nowadays. However, no consensus is reached among the public on the influence it brings about on the museums and the visitors involved.
Some people hold the opinion that free admission to museums will contribute to numerous problems ranging from the spoiling of the environment to the damage to the facilities of the museums.
It is known that some visitors will throw away the garbage here and there, which will do great damage to the surroundings of the museums. Worse, it will take a lot of time and effort for the museums to fix the facilities destroyed by the little kids who come to the museum without company of their parents. However, there are different opinions on whether visitors should enjoy free admission or not. Some people maintain that visitors can acquire new knowledge and enrich their lives by visiting various museums.
As far as I am concerned, just as every coin has two sides, it is true to the above phenomenon. Therefore we are expected to take measures to ecate the public to observe the rules and regulations when visiting the museums. Thus, more and more indivials will enjoy a favorable environment.
2010年12月四級真題作文範文
【試題】
Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切
2. 為了讓孩子獨立， 父母應該……
How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?
【範文】
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children''s independence thoroughly.
For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.
The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents'' trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.
2011年6月大學英語四級寫作範文
My views on Online Shopping
1. 現在網購已經成為一種時尚
2. 網上購物有很多好處，但也有不少問題
3. 我的建議
At present, on-line shopping has gain popularity in the society. Almost every young man has practiced buying stuffs via the Internet; more importantly, some are so addicted to on-line consumption that they even purchase private cars at virtual 4S stores.
On one hand, daily procts sold on line are usually much cheaper than those displayed in the shelves. Also, it is convenient for consumers, especially commuters, to obtain what they need in this way. On the other hand, buyers cannot check their intended on-line procts. Thus, what they shall receive are probably not in accordance with those introced in the webpage.
In my opinion, on-line shopping creates both merchants and consumers an efficient and economical way of selling or buying commodities, so it should be encouraged. And related agencies need to improve the supervision, ensuring that the consumer benefits will not be damaged.
C. 2021年12月英語四級作文真題及範文（卷一）
大學英語四級考試滿分：710。聽力（35%）249分、閱讀（35%）249分、綜合（10%）70分、寫作和翻譯（20%）142分。
2021年下半年英語四級作文真題及範文
Directions: Suppose you have just participated in a school proj-ect of collecting used books on campus. You are now to write a report about the project, which may include its aim,organiz-ers,participants and activities.You will have 30 minutes to write the report.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
範文∶
A school project of collecting used books was held on campus last Friday. More than 300 students were involved in this activ-ity and almost all of them took it a fairly meaningful way to impart knowledge,according to a survey concted yesterday.
The project was organized by the Student Union of our School of Business Administration.Its main aim was to teach students to treasure knowledge and realize the importance of recycling. It also focused on cultivating students'notion of sustainable development. The activity was first launched last Monday to make sure that students that were willing to give away their books had enough time to prepare for the project.Last Friday, students who applied for the project brought their books to Professor Liu's office and signed their names on the activity list, after which a certificate would be awarded.
All of the books collected have been displayed in the Recycling Reading Area in the library. Welcome all students to the library to enjoy the specially offered intellectual feast. See you there!
怎樣在短時間內提高英語四級
高頻游念洞詞彙
大家都知道學會英語的首要條件就是單詞，但是想要快速過四級，在短時間內你就不要再去看全部詞彙了，多看看高頻詞彙，這對於看懂四級的文章有很大幫助。
聽新聞文章
做四級真題
真題不用做太多，一套真題要反復做，直到做對做透，這樣的效果最大，而不是題海戰術。
多背點短語和語法
翻譯看的神枯就是短語的語法，學會了這兩個，你的翻譯高御就上了個層次。
作文。
作文大家都知道要想拿高分，模板很重要，考前多背背模板，四級就有效多了。
D. 專業英語四級考試語法題
1. We are not on very good ____ with the people next door.
A. friendship
B. relations
C. will
D. terms
正確答案是
2. Usually newspapers ____ for people with intellectual interests.
A. suit
B. furnish
C. regard
D. cater
正確答案是
3. The overcrowded living conditions____ a heavy strain on the family.
A. set
B. put
C. made
D. pressed
正確答案是
4. The supply of apples exceeds the ____ this year.
A. request
B. claim
C. requirement
D. demand
正確答案是
5. I must take this watch to be repaired; it ____ over twenty minutes a day.
A. increases
B. progresses
C. accelerates
D. gains
正確答案是
6. If this animal had escaped from its cage it could ____ have killed or hurt several people.
A. equally
B. both
C. well
D. severely
正確答案是
7. I'm sorry we gave you such a short ____ of our visit.
A. caution
B. notice
C. information
D. preparation
正確答案是
8. That old vase will ____ an attractive lamp-holder.
A. compose
B. form
C. make
D. assemble
正確答案是
9. The World Bank has criticized the country for not giving enough financial ____ to developing countries.
A. allowance
B. aid
C. loan
D. provision
正確答案是
10. Nothing would stop me from ____ my ambition.
A. reaching
B. completing
C. achieving
D. obtaining
正確答案是
11. He showed his ____ for the TV programmer by switching it off.
A. distaste
B. discontent
C. annoyance
D. boredom
正確答案是
12. They are ____ the woods for the missing child.
A. seeking
B. looking
C. investigating
D. combing
正確答案是
專業英語四級考試詞彙語法解析
be+不定式結構
表示按計劃、安排即將發生的'動作。例如：
There's to be an investigation.
I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.
這一結構常見於報紙和廣播，用以宣布官方的計劃或決定。例如：
The Queen is to visit Japan next year.
二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如：
You are to stand here. Do you understand?
Tell her she's not to be back late.
一般現在時也可表達將來時間，常見於條件狀語和時間狀語從句。例如：
If she comes, I'll tell her all about it.
Wait here till the meeting is over.
It won't be long before the rain stops.
近義詞辨析
begin, commence, initiate, launch, start
這組詞均含有「開始」的意思。
begin
在這組詞中最常用，泛指開始做某事。但口語中近年來start用得較多。
The band began to play joyful music.樂隊開始演奏歡快的音樂。
commence
比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它儀式及軍事用語中人們傾向用commence.
The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.軍官命令士兵開始進攻。
initiate
指進程中的第一步，與何時停止或結束沒有關系。
The government has initiated a new reform program.政府啟動了新的改革方案。
launch
指開始或著手一項活動、計劃等大規模或聲勢浩大的行動，行動前或行動中有一定的宣傳鼓動。
The company will launch an advertising compaign to introce its new proct.那個公司要發起廣告攻勢推出自己的新產品。
Start
與stop構成反義用法，指從一特定地點出發，由靜止或等待狀態開始做某事。在口語中常可代替begin.
They started operations at once.他們馬上開始行動。
E. 2019年大學英語四級考試語法：分詞與獨立主格
2019年大學英語四級考試語法：分詞
9.1 分詞作定語
分詞前置
We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分詞後置 (i分詞片語;ii 個別分詞如given, left; iii 修飾不定代詞 something等)
There was a girl sitting there.有個女孩坐在那裡
This is the question given. 這是所給的問題
There is nothing interesting. 沒有有趣的東西
過去分詞作定語
與其修飾的詞是被動關系，相當於一個被動語態的定語從句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例題
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 書與寫作是被動關系，應用過去分詞做定語表被動，相當於定語從句 which is written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主語language與謂語動詞之間有被動的含義。
spoken是動詞speak的過去分詞形式，在句中作定語，修飾主語language, spoken 與 language有被動關系。該句可以理解為：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
9.2 分詞作狀語
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由於沒有收到他的信，我給他打了電話。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多給些照顧，那些樹會長得更好。
典型例題
1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed纖毀 B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 與follow 之間有被動的含義。being followed除表達被動之外，還有動作正亮塌在進行之意。 followed by(被…跟隨)。本題可改為： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由於聲音在閃電後，因此為聲跟隨著光，毀鍵備聲音為跟隨的發出者，為主動。用現在分詞。
3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本題要選一分詞作為狀語。現在分詞表主動，正在進行的;過去分詞表被動的，已經完成的。對於液體來說是加熱的受動者，是被動的，因而選C。它相當於一個狀語從句 When it is heated，…
注意： 選擇現在分詞還是過去分詞，關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發出，分詞就選用現在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由於用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的過程中，我發現這本書很有用。
9.3 連詞+分詞(短語)
有時為使分詞短語與主句關系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。 連詞有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須為同一個，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主語相同。
9.4 分詞作補語
通常在感官動詞和使役動詞之後，如：
I found my car missing.我發現我的車不見了。
I'll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手錶修一下。
9.5 分詞作表語
現在分詞： 表示主動，正在進行
過去分詞： 表示被動，已經完成
She looked tired with cooking.她由於忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分詞作插入語
其結構是固定的，意思上的主語並不是句子的主語。
generally speaking一般說來
talking of (speaking of) 說道
strictly speaking 嚴格的說
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來看
taking all things into consideration全面看來
Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 並不是dogs 的動作)
9.7 分詞的時態
1)與主語動詞同時，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.剛一到那兒，他們就發現那男孩死了。
典型例題
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個。又因前後兩個動作同時發生，且與主語為主動關系，應用現在分詞。
2)先於主動詞
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。
分詞作時間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強調先後， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作業後，他出去了。
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態與分詞的否定式。根據題意判斷，分詞的動作(接信)發生在謂語動詞的動作(決心再寫信)之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分詞的語態
1)通常，現在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：
He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you…)他就是給你錢的那個人。
He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那個被車攔住的人。
2)不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經發生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person.一個讀過許多書的人
a much-travelled may一個去過許多地方的人
a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴
2019年大學英語四級考試語法：獨立主格
10.1 獨立主格
(一)： 獨立主格結構的構成：
名詞(代詞)+現在分詞、過去分詞;
名詞(代詞)+形容詞;
名詞(代詞)+副詞;
名詞(代詞)+不定式;
名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構成。
(二) 獨立主格結構的特點：
1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。
2)名詞或代詞與後面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關系。
3)獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。
舉例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考試結束了，我們開始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成後，我們才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
會議結束後，每個人都想早點回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館
10.2 With的復合結構作獨立主格
表伴隨時，既可用分詞的獨立結構，也可用with的復合結構。
with +名詞(代詞)+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語
舉例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例題
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
答案D. with +名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結構。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時，其主語常常用with來引導。由於本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關系，因此用過去分詞，選D.
注意:
1) 獨立主格結構使用介詞的問題：
當介詞是in時，其前後的兩個名詞均不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞)，也不用復數。但 with 的復合結構不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 當表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時，及物動詞用現在分 詞，不及物動詞用過去分詞。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例題：
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本題中沒有連詞，它不是復合句，也不是並列句。 句中使用了逗號，且we 小寫，可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨立主格或with的復合結構。據此判斷，本句中使用的是獨立結構， 其結構為：名詞+分詞。 由於permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許'，表主動，應用現在分詞，故選B。
如果不會判斷獨立結構作狀語的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然後將if 去掉，再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。
F. 大學英語四級作文題目總結
英語四級作文題目1∶ On Card Slave
卡奴是指一個人使用大量的現金卡、信用卡，但負擔不出繳款金額或是以卡養卡、以債養帳等方式，一直在還利息錢的人。
1. 目前出現許多年輕人變成卡奴現象 2. 出現這一現象的原因 3. 我對這一現象的看法和建議作文範文∶On Card Slave
As people change the patterns of consumption, it is common for people to have several cards. Then Card slave is coined.Card slave refers to people who can only pay the minimum balance on their credit card debt every month.Many youngsters fall under the so-called card- slave category.
The reason behind card slaves varies.The fierce competition among banks, Chinese or foreign,encourages them tolurecustomers to hold morecredit cards.Unfortunately,some card holders, especillyoungsters with large shopping addictions and smallsalaries, have outstanding credit card debts and graally became card slaves after reaching their credit card limit on luxury items.Due to their meager salaries,they always live on theedge of bankruptcy.
In my opinion,people should manage their financial affis.First, only choose the credit cards that suit you the most.Secondly,manage yourcards properly.Get some good tips from internet and follow them. Thirdly increase income and avoid excessive expenses.These tips will helpyoukeep away from the danger of becoming acard slave.
英語四級作文題目2∶ Free Admission to Parks
1. 越來越多的公園免費開放，目的是什麼 2. 也會帶來一些問題 3. 你的看法【範文】
Free Admission to Parks
To encourage people to go outside and relax, a mounting number of parks offer free admission now.People benefit from it especially ring these tough economic times. With free entry,more people will have the opportunity for affordable vacations for families, taking pleasure in the natural landscape.
Fresh air and landscapes in parks are good for people.However,too many people flocking into parks might not be so good for the parks.
For example,some visitors leave their garbage behind, which may cause environmental polltion.And peoples barbeques and stamping willalso bring damage to the grassland and other greeneries in parks.
As auniversity student, Im in favor of free admission to parks.Free entry to parks not only saves peoples expenditure,but also makes things fairer people like the poor and students can go to parks frequently as well.On the other hand, visitors should be informed to preserve the environment while enjoying the beauty of the nature.
英語四級作文題目3∶ The Internet
1. 有人認為網路可以讓學習、工作更有效率 2. 有人卻認為網路讓青少年沉迷 ，影響學習 3. 我的看法【範文】The Internet
In the era of information and technology,the Internet plays an important role in our society.However,peoples opinions arestill divided on this point.Those who are in favor of the Internet claim that it has alot of advantages.Firsty,information searching is nolonger a toughjob with the help of all inds of searchengines.Secondly,wecancontact friends or business partners via e-mails or software such as Internet Meeting and YahooMessenger.
Those who are opposed to the Internet hold that its disadvantages are numerous.In the first place,using the Internet costs considerable time,money and energy,especially for those with poor self-control.In the second place, increasingyoung people areinlged inonline games and unhealthy information, which are extremely harmful to their development.
In my opinion, its pros outweigh the cons.The past twenty years have witnessed thefast development of theInternet along with the national economy.A brighter future is awaiting us if we make good use of the Internet.
英語四級作文題目4∶ Group Purchasing
1.現在團購很流行
2. 團購有很多好處，但也有不少問題 3. 我的建議作文範文∶ Group Purchasing
In recent years,a new type of online shopping is rapidly gaining popularity group purchasing, which was originally introced from foreign countries but is now widely accepted all over China.People can buy not only goods,but alsoall kinds of services on group purchasing sites.
Group purchasing is very convenient, and saves people alot ofmoney.But italso has some problems. Since group purchasing is nothing more than another form of online shopping, the nature of it is no dfferent from other online shopping pattens.Problemsthat exist in online shopping also can be found in group purchasing, like deceptive advertisements or poor after-sale services.
In my opinion, we should treat group purchasing as a way of shopping and nothing more.We must be carefulnot to buy something we dont need only to fllow the fashion.
G. 大學英語四級翻譯題型講解
大學英語四級翻譯題型講解
1. Female students constitute the majority of our class. .（相比之下，他們班全由男生組成）
2.As our time was running out, we drove even faster （希望能夠准時趕到機場）.
3.（這些問題連續不斷地出現）suggests that our plan should be adjusted.
4.In his recently written autobiography, （他把自己的成功歸功於父母的鼓勵）.
5.（我們現在必須喚醒人們認識到環保的重要性），or it would be too late.
6.If he had known this would happen, （他當初也許會以不同方式行事）.
7.（只要你一直努力工作），you will recall your past with satisfaction.
8.Every mother is proud of her child and （父親也一樣）.
9.No one knows exactly （信息高速路的發展將把我們帶往何處）.
10.（他剛到家）when it started raining.
1.【答案】By contrast, their class is made up of male students only.或By contrast, only male students constitute their class.
【解析】本題的主要考點在於固定搭配。表達「相比」或「與……相對」之意可用片語by contrast，而「組成」之意可使用前文提到的動詞constitute也可使用片語be made up of。
2.【答案】in hopes that we could arrive at the airport on time或in hopes that we could reach the airport on time又或in hopes that we could make it to the airport on time
【解析】本題的主要考點在於固定搭配。通過分析前半句可知，「希望」並非句子的謂語，因此不可直接使用動詞hope，而應使用固定搭配in hopes that意為「懷著……的希望」。「准時」之意考查的是比較基礎的片語on time,此處應注意其與表達「即時」之意的in time相區別。而「趕到」之意可用arrive at或reach，也可用表達「成功地……」之意的固定搭配make it to。
3.【答案】The fact that these problems are continually showing up或The continual appearance of these problems
【解析】本題的考點在於語法。通過分析句子結構可知，本句謂語為suggest，所以需要翻譯的部分充當句子的主語，故可以考慮使用從句或使用名詞性片語。需要注意的是使用從句時應根據語法需要補出漢語中沒有體現出的部分the fact，使句子結構完整。
4.【答案】he owes his success to his parents encouragement或He attributes his success to his parents餰ncouragement
【解析】本題考點在於固定搭配。「把……歸功於」或「把……歸因於」可使用片語owe...to...或attribute...to...。本題另一個易錯之處在於所有格的使用。以-s結尾的復數名詞所有格只需加稹
5.【答案】We must awaken people to the importance of environment protection
【解析】本題主要的考點在於固定搭配。表達「喚醒……對……的注意或警惕」之意應使用動詞片語awaken...to...。另一需要注意的地方時所有格的`使用。本題中「環保的重要性」不可用餾表示，而應使用of結構。
6.【答案】he would have acted differently或He would have acted in a different way
【解析】本題主要考查語法，考點是虛擬語氣。由句意提示可知，本句是if引導的虛擬句，表示對過去情況的假設。由於前半句出現了had加動詞的過去分詞，後半句應使用would加have done的結構。
7.【答案】As long as you keep working hard或As long as you work hard all the time
【解析】本題考點在於固定搭配。表達「只要……」之意可用片語as long as...，而提示中出現的「一直」則可使用動詞片語keep doing...，意為「一直或持續做某事」，也可考慮用all the time來表示時間。
8.【答案】so is every father
【解析】本句主要考點為語法，考查倒裝結構。當so表示「同樣」或「也……」之意時，其後的句子需要倒裝。翻譯本句時還要注意every father作主語時謂語應為單數形式。
9.【答案】where the development of the information highway will lead us
【解析】本題的主要考點在語法，考查考生對從句的掌握情況。由提示可知，從句應由where引導，且考生應特別注意從句不能為疑問句語序而應為陳述句語序。關於從句的時態選擇，根據中文提示可清楚判斷為一般將來時。
10.【答案】Hardly had he arrived home或He had hardly arrived home
【解析】本題的考點在於固定搭配。句意為「他剛到家就開始下雨了。」由於後半句由when代起，前半句應出現hardly,構成固定搭配hardly...when...，且根據此固定搭配的使用要求，前半句的時態應為過去完成時。本題由兩種可能的答案，若以hardly開頭，句子需要倒裝，以he開頭則保持正常語序。
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