英語四級動作
有關大學英語四級常用的語法精選
大學英語四級常用語法精選(12)
Ⅴ 連詞
並列連詞
表示意義的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor
表示選擇: or, either…or
表示轉折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可認為是副詞)
表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence
從屬連詞
表示時間: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once
表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
表示條件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),
表示其他關系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that
Ⅵ 定語從句
限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞片語不可缺少的一個組成部分, 去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確; 非限制性定語從句屬於補充說明性質, 去掉了不會影響主要意義, 通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞, 其後的定語從句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraates.
在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定語從句的引導詞
that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時用that (作主語時用who較多). 如果關系代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應當用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.
Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.
He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.
The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.
There are some people here who I want you to meet.
但在介詞後只能用whom:
This is the man to whom I referred.
但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子後面去, 這時可用that, 但省略時更多一些.
Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?
Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.
限制性定語從句如果修飾「物」, 用關系代詞that的時候較多, 也有時用which.. 當這個代詞在從句中是用作賓語時, 在絕大多數情況下都是省略的, 特別是口語中(尤其是當被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時):
Have you everything you need?
(Is there) anything I can do for you?
All you have to do is to press the button.
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的'，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(3)
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(2)
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大學英語四級語法指導(1)
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
2016大學英語四級聽力10大常考場景總結（4）
場景四：購物
1.采購衣服
必備詞彙表
size 型號 come in all sizes 號全
2.采購電器
必備詞彙表
model 款 discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技 rece 減少
;㈡ 四級英語語法知識點
Ⅰ動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)
時
1)現在完成進行時態 (have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.
I』ve been writing letters for an hour.
I』ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作
I』d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month』s time she』ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時會業已發生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They』ll have hit the year』s target by the end of October.
1. 語態
1) 可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時適用於上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示「估計」,「相信」等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)
2) 雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態
a) 雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b) 賓補結構的被動語態:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
2. 短語動詞
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被動語態)
She』s looking after her sister』s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (無被動語態)
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
3. 省略
1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引導的從句中的省略: 在有些狀語從句中,如果謂語包含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致a),或者主語是it b),就常常可以把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分(特別是動詞be)省略掉.
a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.
When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.
Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.
If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
Though reced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.
She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
Fill in the application as instructed.
Whenever known, such facts should be reported.
The documents will be returned as soon as signed.
He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.
Once having made a promise, you should keep it.
b) If necessary I』ll have the letter plicated.
Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.
If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.
As scheled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.
2） 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的從句中,常會有一些成分省略.
a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.
We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.
b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).
He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
Their training is free, as is all ecation.
We will, as always, stand on your side.
3） 錯誤的省略
His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.
While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.
㈢ 英語四級語法辨析：when, while與as的用法區別
英語四級語法用法辨析：when, while與as的用法區別
1. 根據從句動作的持續性來區分
若是“主短從長”型，即主句是一個短暫性的動作，而從句是一個持續性動作，此時三者都可用。如：
As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient. 她在等火車時，變得很不耐煩。
若是“主長從長”型，即主句和從句為兩個同時進行的動作或存在的狀態，且強調主句動作或狀態延續到從句所指的整個時間，此時通常要用while。如：
I always listen to the radio while I'm driving. 我總是一邊開車一邊聽收音機。
但是，若主句和從句所表示的兩個同時進行的動作含有“一邊……一邊”之意時，則習慣上要用as。如：
He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路時擺動著手臂。
若是“主長從短”型，即主句是一個持續性動作，而從句是一個短暫性動作，此時可以用as或when，但不能用while。如：
It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我們到達時正下著大雨。
2. 根據主句與從句動作是否同時發生來區分
若主句與從句表示的是兩個同時發生的短暫性動作，含有類似漢語“一……就”的意思，英語一般要用as (也可用when)。如：
The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老闆一進來他立刻站了起來。
若主句與從句表示的是兩個幾乎同時發生的短暫性動作，含有類似漢語“剛要……就”“正要……卻”的意思，英語一般要用as(也可用when)，且此時通常連用副詞just。如：
Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在這兩個人要離開的時候，突然有了消息。
3. 根據是否具有伴隨變化來區分
若要表示主句動作伴隨從句動作同時發展變化，有類似漢語“隨著”的意思，英語習慣上要用as，而不用when或while。如：
The room grew colder as the fire burnt down. 隨著爐火逐漸減弱，房間越來越冷。
As time goes by my memory seems to get worse. 隨著時間的流逝，我的記憶力似乎越來越差。
若不是引導從句，而是引出一個短語，則用with，不用as。如：
With winter coming on, it's time to buy warm clothes. 隨著冬天到來，該買暖和衣裳了。
The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. 隨著太陽下落，影子也逐漸伸長。
4. 根據從句動作的規律性來區分
若暗示一種規律性，表示“每當……的時候”，英語一般要用when。如：
He smiles when you praise him. 你誇獎他時他總是笑笑。
5. 根據主從句動作的先後順序來區分
若主句與從句所表示的動作不是同時發生，而是有先後順序時，一般要用when。如：
When he arrives he'll tell us all about the match. 等他到了，他會好好給我們講講那場比賽的情況。
When she had finished she waited as though for a reply. 她講完之後等了等，彷彿是在等候回答似的。
以上就是關於英語四級語法辨析的分享，希望對想要考四級的小夥伴們有做幫助，想要了解更多相關內容，歡迎及時關注本平台!
㈣ 英語四級考試考哪些內容
英語四級考試包括五個部分：聽力理解、閱讀理解、詞語用法與語法結構、完形填空、短文寫作。全部題目按順序統一編號。
第一部分：聽力理解（PartⅠ：Listening Comprehension）：共20題，考試時間20分鍾。這一部分包括兩節：A節（Section A）有10題，每題含一組對話，對話後有一個問句。B節（Section B）有10題，分別安排在若干篇聽力材料之後，每篇後有二至四道題，每題為一個問句。
聽力部分的每個問句後有約15秒的間隙，要求考生從試卷所給出的每題四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案。錄音的語速為每分鍾約120詞，念一遍。
選材的原則是：
1、這部分為日常生活中的一般對話，句子結構和內容不太復雜；
2、短篇聽力材料為題材熟悉、情節不太復雜的故事、講話、敘述等；
3、所用詞語不超出教學大綱詞彙表四級規定的范圍。聽力理解部分的目的是測試學生獲取口頭信息的能力。
第二部分：閱讀理解（PartⅡ: Reading Comprehension）：共20題，考試時間35分鍾。
要求考生閱讀若干篇短文，總閱讀量不超過1000詞。每篇短文後有若干個問題。考生應根據文章內容從每題四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案。
選材的原則是：
1、題材廣泛，可以包括人物傳記、社會、文化、日常知識、科普常識等，但是所涉及的背景知識應能為學生所理解；
2、體裁多樣，可以包括敘述文、說明文、議論文等；
3、文章的語言難度中等，無法猜測而又影響理解的關鍵詞，如超出教學大綱詞彙表四級的范圍，用漢語註明詞義。
閱讀理解部分主要測試下述能力：
1、 掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意；
2、 了解說明主旨和大意的事實和細節；
3、 既理解字面的意思，也能根據所讀材料進行一定的判斷和推論；
4、 既理解個別句子的意義，也理解上下文的邏輯關系。
閱讀理解部分的目的是測試學生通過閱讀獲取信息的能力，既要求准確，也要求有一定速度。
第三部分：詞語用法和語法結構（Part Ⅲ：Vocabulary and Structure）：共30題，考試時間20分鍾。題目中40%為詞和短語的用法，60%為語法結構。要求考生從每題四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案。
詞語用法和語法結構部分的目的是測試學生運用詞彙、短語及語法結構的能力。考試范圍包括教學大綱詞彙表及語法結構表一級至四級的全部內容。
第四部分：完形填空（Part Ⅳ ：Cloze）：共20題，考試時間15分鍾。在一篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文（約200詞）中留有20個空白，每個空白為一題，每題有四個選擇項，要求考生在全面理解內容的基礎上選擇一個最佳答案，使短文的意思和結構恢復完整。填空的詞項包括結構詞和實譯詞。
完形填空部分的目的是測試學生綜合運用語言的能力。
第五部分：寫作（Part Ⅴ：Writing）：共1題，考試時間30分鍾。要求考生寫出一篇100-120詞的短文，試卷上可能給出題目，或規定情景，或要求看圖作文，或給出段首句要求續寫;或給出關鍵詞要求寫成短文。要求能夠正確表達思想，意義連貫，無重大語法錯誤。寫作的內容包括日常生活和一般常識。
短文寫作部分的目的是測試學生運用英語書面表達思想的初步能力。
專家談新四級考試應對攻略
6月17日老四級才考罷，24日新四級便又粉墨登場了。據不完全統計，今年華東師大參加四級考試的幾千名學生中，只有八十幾名學生報考的是新四級，這一切均因為新四級難度的提升和陌生。
從明年開始，所有考生都將參加新四級考試。新四級變在何處？如何備考？本期請到了昂立四、六級專家組專家廖懷寶，請他談一下新四級應對攻略。
難度增加——聽力閱讀變化最大
從考核方向來看，新四級考試更注重考察考生實際運用英語的能力，具體體現在題型的改變上。新四級考試分4個部分：聽力、閱讀、綜合運用和寫作。變化最大的屬聽力部分和閱讀部分。新四級的聽力部分在原有的短對話、短文和復合式聽寫的基礎上，又增加了長對話部分。整個聽力的佔分比重由原先的20%增加到35%。新舊題型的主要差別有兩點。一是題量加大：舊題型只有兩部分，而新題型有三部分；二是難度加大：新題型的對話部分由原來的10個短對話改為8個短對話和2個長對話。
就中國學生相對比較強的閱讀而言，考生比較擅長的是在相對長的時間里讀相對短的文章，這恰恰是對舊四級的考察方式。而新四級閱讀中加入快速閱讀，對考生自然是一大挑戰。閱讀部分的佔分比重雖然由原先的40%下降到35%，但是題型增加了，難度也相應增大了。舊四級中，閱讀只考多項選擇題，但是新四級考試中會增加快速閱讀和選詞填空兩個題型。選詞填空對於廣大中國考生是比較陌生的題型，對考生提出了更高的要求。
綜合運用部分佔15%，基本是沿用了一些舊題型：完形填空或改錯，簡單回答或漢譯英。基本沒變的是寫作部分，佔分15%，仍然是寫一篇議論文或應用文。本次四級新題型的考試在題量上增幅較大，而且時間比舊題型考試僅僅多出了5分鍾，所以考生面臨的第一個問題是時間。在考前准備過程中，考生應根據題型的特點以及自身的水平合理分配各題型所需的時間。
總而言之，新題型總體而言難度並不大，關鍵在於了解該題型的特點，調整好相應的方法和時間。
新計分體系——科學反映聽、詞、讀、寫各項的能力
需要注意的是，在新的710分系統中，分數不僅體現學生的相對名次，更能分項(寫作、閱讀、聽力、詞彙)地表達出每個項目當中學生的相對名次，這就是在題型改革之前計分題型首先改革的科學之處。將來的用人單位可以很清楚地通過學生四級、六級的成績單了解到該學生英文的各個方面的能力。所以，各位同學都別再討論四、六級證書是否和學位證相關這樣的問題了，因為無論它們相關與否，四、六級的成績單都是直接體現出你的英語語言能力的，而且，在你沒有參加其他的能夠體現你英語語言能力的考試(例如PETS、TOEFL、IELTS、GRE、托業、博思等，但是這些考試遠遠難於四級考試)之前，四級成績單是你曾經學過英語的主要憑證！
遇強則強——聽力部分的應對方案
---短對話部分
短對話一直是學生們比較穩定的得分點。
在最新的新四級中，短對話的題目數量由過去的10道減少到8道。但是短對話作為最基本的類型化聽力題目的事實沒有改變。11題、12題、18題屬於動作行為題；14題是傳統的人物關系題，而16題則是更加傳統的對話地點題。大部分題目都可以按照過去題目的套路解決。例如動作題目注意情態動詞後的謂語，人物關系題注意職業特徵詞彙，地點題目抓住核心地點詞彙，等等。所以，短對話部分依然是各位考生拿分的保險項目。
---長對話部分
長對話是四級題目中最新的面孔。
前四題是一個稍長的長對話，後三題基於一個稍短的長對話，可以把它認為是短對話和聽力短文的結合。因為長對話在四級的表現就是聽力短文式的問題設置用短對話的形式進行表現。聽長對話的時候，首先，信息定位很重要。對話時，開頭的客套以及問候與結尾的道別結束語很少出題，而對話中段往往才是重點；其次，邊聽邊看，盡量在聽的時候確定哪個選項能夠最大程度地吻合，這是做短文聽力的要訣，同樣適用於長對話；最後，長對話的源頭多是托福聽力，所以，諸如校園、找工作、租房、圖書館等等高頻場景需要著重注意。
---聽力短文部分
聽力短文是傳統題目，所有文體無外乎兩種：故事和說明文。說明文包含了簡單說明文、科技說明文和人物傳記。作為一種經常出現的問題形式，它已經和小對話一樣有了很明顯的通用解題技巧。第一、迅速從選項辨別問題類型，若為故事，結尾和對話需要非常小心，若為說明文，首尾必然有題要出；第二、在整個過程中保持絕對的注意力，多數題目中的准確答案實際就是和聽力原文能夠最大限度吻合的選擇項。千萬不要因為有不懂單詞和不懂的句子出現就放棄，其實那些都是假象；第三、注意短文的常考點，諸如首末句、轉折關系、邏輯關系、最高級等，這些都被證實幾乎是屢考不爽的考點了。
---復合式聽寫
復合式聽寫歷來是考生們最頭疼的四級「絕殺」。因為完全沒有選擇，需要真刀真槍地寫出所有答案。但是，在新四級當中，由於作為固定模式出現，復合式聽寫將永恆存在。10題中，前7空需要寫出7個單詞，實際上，這些單詞中大部分都屬於能夠聽懂，但是容易寫錯的單詞。所以，平時的功底就很重要了。而對於分數設計較高的最後3個空，也就是長句子聽寫，建議用「按照自己的話把題目要點寫出來」而盡量不要「完全按照聽到的寫下來」，因為後者的難度實在太大，另外，也沒有必要。
一石數鳥，全新攻略
這些年來,四級已成為眾矢之的,出四級考題的老師們也倍受指責,以至於一個在中國外語界非常有名的狂人,在數千聽眾面前,大吼「四、六級考試是個屁！」學生中對四級刻骨仇恨的, 也大有人在。倘若四級有靈,一定會大聲喊「我比竇娥還冤哪!」「金無足赤, 人無完人」, 四級也有缺點, 但冷靜的分析一下, 四級還真是個「好同志」，至少是「七分功, 三分過」。
第一招，看聽力。四級聽力的小對話，展示了一個個很實用的場景,用語又很地道，如果您能把歷年來的四級考題中的小對話全部跟讀、模仿、背誦下來,您的口語一定會很溜，如果您的中學基礎還不是很牢固,您還可以用它來進一步學習基本詞彙、基本語法。此外,在聽力部分, 無論是小對話還是段子,都有少許生詞,而這些詞彙,如果您能做到一聽就懂,放在閱讀中自然是一看就會，這些詞彙,將成為您的詞彙大軍中的「嫡系部隊」,聽、說、讀、寫、譯,均可隨時調遣，再以這些詞為基本詞彙，通過詞根、詞綴、同義、反義、形近、音似等多種方法，大幅度擴大詞彙量。由此可見,招人不待見的四級聽力,其實「渾身上下都是寶」。並且,聽力題的文字答案,是四級考試中最簡單的一部分,以它為突破口,先看著它,認認真真把每一個單詞都搞明白,每一個句子都弄懂,再多讀幾遍，然後一句一句的聽寫,找出自己聽不懂得地方和下筆寫時拿不準的單詞,多查辭典,多問老師,再跟著錄音多讀,直至背過。這樣,兩套題下來,聽力將會有質的飛躍。詞彙量也會猛增數百。並且,多背誦句子、短文,對作文也大有裨益。
第二招,聽寫聽力。此時,就不要先看文字答案了,要直接一句一句的聽寫,聽不懂、寫不出的地方,多聽幾遍,再根據音標查一查辭典,還可以看一看選擇項，找一點線索,實在寫不出來,就先放它一馬,但要留出位置，做出標記。一套題聽寫完了,再對一下答案, 最好用另一種顏色的筆,標出寫錯的和沒有寫出來的部分。再分析一下沒有聽寫出來或聽寫錯誤的原因，是連讀、弱讀、失音、混同還是由於英音與美音的差別，然後跟讀、背誦。聽寫紀錄一定不能扔了,它不僅銘刻著您征戰四級途中的每一個腳印,並且是您以後復習的好材料。如此再認真學上十套題,聽力中18分可收入賬下。
第三招,造作文。「熟讀唐詩三百首,不會做詩也能吟」，「千古文章一大抄」。找到四級每套考題後面所附的範文,在把文章結構弄懂、每一個詞、每一句話都搞明白的基礎上,一定要背熟。它可以進一步鞏固基本語法、擴大詞彙量。十幾篇下來,自己再操練一下,盡可能的運用自己已經背的很熟的詞彙和句子，然後檢查一下錯誤。練上幾篇，一定會在考試時思如泉湧,十來分鍾後,一篇佳作躍然紙上。過完以上兩招,聽力與作文即可穩拿30 分，四級及格已勝利在望。
第四招,摳閱讀。不要求快，要知道,要想做到一目十行，必先十目一行。閱讀也要像聽力一樣，一句一句的摳，每一個詞都要弄懂，甚至要把印刷錯誤也揪出來，然後熟讀，能背過若干篇更好。在此過程中，可以大幅度提高詞彙量，並且，由於所背的單詞有具體的語境，印象也深。此外，還可以練就一身較高的語法功力。閱讀中的句子，盡管較長，但仔細分析一下，不外乎比中學英語課文多了幾個從句、幾個非謂語動詞、幾個介詞片語而已。這樣認認真真摳上50篇四級閱讀文章，閱讀拿下30多分，不在話下。此外，詞彙也會上漲一千有餘。
第五招,濾單選。先做上一遍，找出做錯的和拿不準的，一個題一個題的弄懂，一句一句的讀熟，遇上生詞，要和閱讀中的生詞一視同仁，立刻收入單詞本並且招至帳下。
以上五招，不可顛倒順序，更不可偷工減料，否則，「不聽老生言」，必定「吃虧在眼前」。若時間不允許,可以不過第五招,在考四級前把四級單詞快速掃一遍，挑出還不認識的，多讀幾遍即可。
㈤ 大學英語四級語法指導詳解
大學英語四級語法指導詳解
大學英語四級語法指導(1)
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的.主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
大學英語四級語法指導(2)
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
大學英語四級語法指導(3)
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
大學英語四級語法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
大學英語四級語法指導(5)
1.Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.
A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left
be supposed to do sth. 應該(理應)做某事。
2. He』s watching TV? He』s _D_ to be cleaning his room.
A known B considered C regarded D supposed
regard as 把…認作
3. My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied
treat 對待，處理; I』ll treat you. 我請客，應用於真正請客之前。It』s on me. 應用於結帳時。
adjust vt. 調整，調節; adopt vt. 收養，領養; remedy vt. 彌補，補救，修正;
4. A new technique _C_， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
A working out B having worked out
C having been worked out D to have been worded out
yields 產量; work out 作出，推出
關於百分數之前介詞的用法
increase to 80 percent 增加到80% (增加到用to)
increase by 60 percent增加了60% (表示增加的幅度用by)
5. Between 1974 and 1997， the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.
A by B for C to D in
1. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.
A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed
spoil vt. 寵壞，溺愛
2. When Mr. Jones gets old， he will _B_ over his business to his son.
A take B hand C think D get
take over 接管接收; hand over 移交，交出; think over 仔細考慮; get over 克服，戰勝。
3. We had a party last month， and it was a lot of fun， so let』s have _A_ one this month.
A another B more C the other D other
不定代詞：1 兩者中的一個用one;另一個則用the other; 2 很多東西中的一個用one;
剩下的所有叫the others; 3 很多東西中的一個用one;剩下的所有裡面再拿一個叫another;
在剩下的裡面再拿一個還叫another(單數概念); 4 很多東西中拿了若干出來用some;
剩下所有叫others; other 後通常要加可數名詞的復數形式; more 要用在數詞的後面
once more 再來一個(用於很不正式的場合) vravo 再來一個(用於正式場合)
4. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.
A the other B any other C another D other
neither 兩者中任意一者都不
5. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.
A impression B reaction C comment D opinion
reaction n. 反應; reaction to 對…作出反應
;㈥ 大學英語四級語法指導
五篇大學英語四級語法指導
篇一： 大學英語四級語法指導
倒裝的六條原則：
1. so放在句首時表示承前肯定，這個句子用部分倒裝;
nor， neither放在句首時表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝;
2. 省略了引導詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had， should， could， were中的任何一個提到從句最前面的位置，構成部分倒裝;
3. as， though表示「盡管」時引導從句，從句中的表語可以置於引導詞之前構成部分倒裝;
系動詞後面的部分就是表語，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語可以置於系動詞之後。
例如：She is beautiful. They are students.
四級考試中出現的是由動詞的過去分詞轉變的形容詞作表語的形式。
例、 _B_ as it was at such a time， his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
當題干是as引導一個從句，且as前為一個空格時他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語。
being published 正在被出版; to be published 將要被出版。
此句恢復正常語序應為： As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含義的單詞或短語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝;
常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never， little， few， hardly (… when)， scarcely (… when) ;
seldom 難得，不常;nowhere 哪裡都不。
常見的一些表示否定含義的短語：in no way 決不; on no account 決不;
under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。
5. only + 狀語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝;(如果only去掉就是全部倒裝)
例、Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生; make up for 彌補，補償; make-up tests 補考(緩考)。
6. 注意兩個表達形式：come what may 無論發生什麼情況; say what you will 暢所欲言。
篇二：大學英語四級語法指導
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor』s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
篇三：大學英語四級語法指導
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的'過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
篇四：大學英語四級語法指導
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You』d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There』s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
篇五：大學英語四級語法指導
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關系來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conctor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding ecation， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
;