高三英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題
閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求及應試策略 王俊 高中英語閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求： 1．讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節。 2．既理解具體的事實，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深層的含義，包括作者的態度，意圖等。 4．既理解某句，某段的含義，也理解全篇的邏輯關系，並據此進行推理和判斷。 5．既能根據所提供的信息去理解，也能結合中學生應有的常識去理解。根據這五項要求，我們可將閱讀理解多項選擇題歸納為以下幾種題型：細節理解題，詞句理解題，主題、主旨題，猜測詞義題，推理判斷題。下面作者結合平時教學中的經驗體會，談一談做英語 閱讀理解題的技巧與策略。 一、 先看題干，帶著問題讀文章。 即先看試題，再讀文章。閱讀題干，首先要掌握問題的類型，分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題。客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調，作者未加陳述的觀點以及貫穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，這類題必須經過對作者的態度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然後有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關信息進行快速定位，再將相關信息進行整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的准確率，節省了寶貴的時間。特別適用於對 圖形表格類題材的理解。 二、 速讀全文，了解大意知主題。 閱讀的目的是獲取信息。一個人的閱讀能力的高低決定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力。沒有一定的閱讀速度就不能順利地輸入信息，更談不上運用英語。近幾年的高考閱讀速度大約是每分鍾40個詞左右。考生必須在十分有限的時間內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情 節、人物、觀點，並且理清文章脈絡，把握語篇實質。 抓主題句這是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現在文章的開頭和結尾。用歸納法撰寫的文章，都是表述細節的句子在前，概述性的句子居後。此時主題句就是文章的最後一句。通常用演繹法撰寫的文章，大都遵循從一般到個別的寫作程序，即從概述開始，隨之輔以細說。這時，主題句就是文章的第一句。當然也有些文章沒有主題句，需要讀者自己去歸納。主題句往往對全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用，主旨大意題，歸納概括題，中心思想題往 往直接可從主題句中找到答案。 試試看，你能找出下面一段文章的主題句嗎？ The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 不難看出，文章的第一句是主題句，後面的句子都圍繞這個句子展 開。 三、 詳讀細節，理順思路與文章脈絡。 文章絕不是互不相乾的句子雜亂無章的堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心，以時間或空間為線索，按事件的發生、發展、結局展開故事；論述體則包含論點、論據、結論三大要素，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點。你可根據文章的特點，詳讀細節，以動詞、時間、地點、事件、因果等為線索，找出關鍵詞語，運用"畫 圖列表法"，勾畫出一幅完整清晰的文章主題和細節的認知圖。 例如：SEFC 3A Feed the World(2) 本文通過四個不同的國家和地區，總結了世界飢荒的主要原因。運 用圖表，文章的結構和思路就一目瞭然了。 Reasons for world hunger In EU: 1) Food is bought from farmers and thrown away. 2) Farmers are paid not to grow crops. In India: Most land is owned by rich land owners. In less developed countries: Farmers are forced to plant cash crops. In western countries: Grain is fed to beef cattle. 四、 邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。 在實際閱讀中，有時作者並未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關系，研究細節的暗示，推敲作者的態度，理解文章的寓義。這就是通常所說的深層理解。深層理解主要包括歸納概括題（中心思想，加標題等）和推理判斷題，是閱讀理解中的難點。深層理解是一種創造性的思維活動。它必須忠實於原文；要以文章提供的事實和線索為依據，立足已知推斷未知，不能憑空想像，隨意揣測；它要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才 有前提和基礎。推理題在提問中常用的詞有： infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。例如高考題： Annealing Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. 1. Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation 3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. 1、答案為A，此題屬推斷歸納題。文中第二句說如果把金屬加熱，然後迅速放到水裡冷卻，也就會變得非常硬，但也變得脆。hard 是工藝的主觀目的。brittle是伴隨的客觀結果，故選A而不選D。B 項明顯錯誤；C項是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。 2、答案為D,此題屬概括歸納題。timing 是時間的選擇。本答案的依據是5和6兩句，"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的時間是可以控制的，時間越長越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我們可得出結論：在退火過程 中，金屬的硬度是受到冷卻的時間長短影響的。 3、答案為C此題屬推理判斷題。文中提到"metal"。最後一句說退 火工藝同樣可用於象玻璃一類的其他材料。文中我們已知"annealing"就是先"heat"後"cool slowly"。由此推斷C是正確的。 五、 猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。 猜詞是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要准確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞彙。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構詞，語法，定義，同 位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。 a. 定義法 如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即"退火"。 It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.從後面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.定語從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為"牧人"。 b 同位法 如:They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義，即"城堡"。 We are on the night shift----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。 c. 對比法 如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but 一詞表轉折，因此but 前後的意思正相反。後半句的意思是她今天"第一節上了一半才來"，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向"准時"的結論。 d. 構詞法（前綴、後綴、復合、派生等） Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞， 據此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是"可能性"。 e. 因果法 如:The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent。So the player could never play the sport again.從後面的結果"永遠不能再運動"中，可以推測 permanent 的意思為"永遠的，永久的"。 六、 養成習慣，潛移默化結碩果。 1、養成默讀習慣，使注意力集中的文字元號上，糾正唇讀，心讀，喉讀等做法，以免分散精力，影響閱讀速度。 2、克服指讀、回視、重讀等不良習慣，因為這樣容易使理解只停留在某個詞或句子上，使獲得的信息支離破碎。要善於抓住句子中的核心詞，從一個句子快速地掃視到另一個句子，進行連貫性理解。 如:"Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to tell me about it."這個句子，只要掃視劃線的核心詞，其語義就基本上清楚了。 英語閱讀能力的培養是一個漸進的復雜過程，要養成每天閱讀英語的習慣，循序漸進，持之以恆，精泛結合，廣泛獵奇。在潛移默化 中你會感覺到你的閱讀能力又有了長足的提高。
參考資料： http://jspd.ew.com.cn/Article_Show.asp?Pay=yes&ArticleID=33110
2. 英語閱讀理解的題型
英語閱讀理解的題型
作為高考英語試卷中題量最大、分值最多、難度最高的題型，高考英語閱讀理解題在整個高中英語中至關重要。下面我整理了高考英語閱讀理解的常見題型以及解題方法，大家一起來看一下吧!
【高考英語閱讀理解常見題型及解題方法】
一、主旨大意題
主旨大意題主要考查學生對所讀材料(或所讀材料片斷)中心思想的概括。做這類題時，考生應通讀全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同時注意文章的主題句，因為主題句表達中心思想，其他句子均圍繞主題句進行展開。主題句通常位於文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位於段落中間(通常是第一段或最後一段的中間)也是完全可能的。主旨大意題的考查形式很多，如概括標題、主題、段意、中心思想等。請看浙江卷中的一個段落：
In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.
◎What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. The writer’s unhappy school life
B. The writer’s eagerness to earn money
C. The writer’s experience as a full-time worker
D. The writer’s hard work in an apple plant
原文共有五個自然段，上面摘錄的只是文章的第1個自然段，但是如果考生訓練有素的話，只要讀完這個段落就可猜出此題的答案了。因為文章第一句說In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget，接著作者用but引出一個新的情況(即主題句)：none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. 再接下來又說：The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. 聰明的讀者至此應該可以猜測到，下面的幾個段落肯定是介紹這個apple plant 的work是如何的hard，它的pay是如何的poor，它的working conditions 是如何的terrible 等。比較四個選項，只有選項D所表述內容合乎上面的分析，故選D。
二、事實細節題
顧名思義，事實細節題即指針對文章的某個事實或細節而設置的試題。事實細節題的命題方法很多，如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子，與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換或簡單換算)。請看安徽卷中的一道事實細節題：
Tuition Fees(學費)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: [email protected]
Accommodation(住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: [email protected]
◎You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000
根據Tuition fees一節的內容可知，一年的學費最低為5,000美元，再根據Accommodation(住宿)一節可知，除學費外，還有住宿費(每月100美元)和生活費(每月150美元)，即一年大約共3,000美元，所以在WaiKato大學讀書一年至少要花費5,000+3,000=8,000美元，故答案為B。
三、代詞指代題
這類題要求考生根據一定的上下文推測代詞的指代意義，它主要考查考生在一定語境中對上下文邏輯關系的正確理解。做這類題時，考生不僅要讀懂相關句子的句意，理順相關句子的邏輯關系，而且還要學會合理變通，尤其要學會變通理解其中的`同義表達。請看天津卷中的一個片斷和一個道詞義猜測題：
Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可以預見的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.
◎What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A. Great contributions to the society.
B. Long-time study of the subject matter.
C. Various statements about problem solving.
D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.
此題答案選B。答案的直接依據是文章中的Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this 這兩句話。從句意和句子結構上看，this在此指代的應是they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time，比較四個選項，只有B與之吻合，因為選項中的long-time與原文中的over fairly long periods of time屬同義表達，選項中的study of the subject matter 與原文中的devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem屬同義表達。
四、詞義猜測題
即要求考生根據一定的上下文猜測生詞的詞義。它是高考英語閱讀理解中的一個難點，同學們應引起充分重視。猜測生詞詞義的方法很多，常用的有同義解釋法、因果推斷法、前後對比法、基本構詞法、語境理解法、舉例說明法、常識背景法、類屬分析法等。請看安徽卷中一道詞義猜測題：
More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure(壓力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.
◎The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means ______.
A. research B. review C. exhibition D. examination
此題答案選A。比較四個選項，同時結合常識，文中所提到的事實和數據應該是“調查和研究”得出的(其他幾個選項可排除)。
五、推理判斷題
即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題屬於主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時，同學們應嚴格依據作者所陳述的細節、事實以及作者的措詞、態度和語氣等，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，然後利用自己已獲得的相關知識進行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結論。此時應特別注意：當問及作者的看法、意圖與態度時，不要誤認為是在問“你”(考生)的想法，而是作者本人在字里行間所表述的觀點。請看全國卷中的一個段落：
Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold: First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw(縮回) my full fist without dropping the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June, but they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.
◎By saying “the prize so dearly won” in paragraph 5, the writer wants to ______.
A. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoes
B. show the hardship of growing the roses
C. express her liking for the roses
D. express her care for the tomatoes
本文大意講的是作者在春天偶然栽種的一棵西紅柿長成後非常大，影響到園中的玫瑰花，作者在享受西紅柿美味的同時，又難以割捨珍貴的玫瑰花，面對兩種選擇，作者舉棋不定。
此題要求考生推測作者說the prize so dearly won的意圖，屬推理判斷題。此題答案選A，其推理依據主要有以下幾點：一是作者在第1句用了 the task一詞，將摘西紅柿看成是一項“任務”;二是作者在三個地方用了have to，表示摘西紅柿不容易;三是作者還用了stand on my head, reach down and under…等誇張性用詞，充分說明了摘西紅柿的難度。比較四個選項，顯然只有選項A最佳。
;3. 高中英語閱讀題
高中英語閱讀題
練習是提高英語閱讀理解的一個硬辦法，下面是我整理的高中的英語閱讀練習題以及答案，有需要的朋友可以閱讀參考一下哦!
第一篇：
Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say thereis no connection whatever.
Sudan?1 is a red instrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food procts across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.
Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food procts from the shelves. So far 580 procts have been recalled.
Last week Sudan‘s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye‘s name.
Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan‘s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye.
"We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship."
The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week.
"They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out."
Sudan dyes, which include Sudan?1 to 4, are red dyes(顏料) used for colouring solvents(溶劑), oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?
A. Causing cancer. B. Having side effect. C. Containing poison. D.Poisonous
2. How did the Sudan?1 get its name?
A. The dye is often proced in Sudan.
B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.
C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.
D. Many foods proced in Sudan contain the dye.
3. We can infer from the passage that.
A. the Sudan government is paying much attention to the food safety
B. Sudan?1 is often used to be added to the food
C. people didn’t realize the danger of Sudan?1 until 2003
D. many food shops will be closed down
4. Which of the following is the best title? A. Keep away from Sudan?1
B. No Sudan?1 dye links to the country C. How Sudan?1 dye got its name?
D. Pay attention to the food safety
第二篇：
During the fourth China Beijing High-tech Instries Week, exhibitions, feature presentations, technological exchanges and trade talks, and other events are organized.
Exhibitions
•China International Exhibition Centre
*Section for China‘s key science and technology achievements of the Ninth Five Year Plan (1996-2000)
*Environmental protection and energy section
*Section for exhibitors from other provinces and municipalities(自治市) and regions of China
·China World Trade Centre
*Exchange and Trade Fair for Science and Technology Books and Sports Information Media *The Trade Fair for Modern Intelligent Houses and Beijing Urban Real Estate ·China Millenium Monument
*Forum(論壇)and Exhibition of Foreign Sci-tech Universities ·China Agricultural Culture Centre
*High-tech Construction Procts Exhitibion Feature Presentation ·Science and Ecation
*Scientists Forum on the New Century ·High-tech Instry
*Forum on Environmental Protection
*2001 Forum on Bio-technology on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Technical Exchanges and Trade Talks
·Trade talks on financial capital transformation
· Sino-Italian Forum and Trade Fair for the Development of IT and Com munications Technology
1.If you want to know more about the high-tech achievements of different parts of China, you should go to______.
A. China World Trade Centre B. China Millenium Monument
C. China International Exhibition Centre D. China Agricultural Culture Centre
2.These sessions mark the achievements of mankind in the fields of______.
A. electronic communications, energy and ecation
B. sports technology, film-instry and environmental protection C. network technology, high-tech instries and traffic D. medicine, weather broadcast and finance
3.The advertisement is mainly about______.
A. the major activities of the high-tech week B. the time-table of high-tech week C. the names of the meeting places D. the topic of trade talks
第三篇：
In East Africa there is a bribe(部落) of people called the Masai. They are tall and slim(苗條的) and carry long spears to guard their cattle against an attacking lion or leopard(豹). These Africans move from place to place on the rolling(綿延起伏的) grasslands looking for suitable grazing(牧場) and water. Mboto is twelve years old. He helps his father drive the cattle. If the family decides to remain in one spot for a while, he helps gather sticks and thin branches to build a simple house. The sticks are placed in the ground in a circle. They are then bent inwards and joined at the top. Small branches and leaves fill the spaces. If it looks as if the family will stay longer than usual, then the inside walls are often plastered with cattle manure(糞). For a door there is only a small opening to allow a person to enter. A thorn(刺) fence is built around the small house to keep cattle safe at night. Lions, leopards and hyenas prowl(覓食) around after dark. So the cattle would be easily killed and eaten.
When Mboto grows up into a man, he will become a true Masai warrior(勇士). He will have to join other warriors in the strange custom of drinking blood. The blood is taken from the neck of one of their cattle. It is mixed with milk and together with meat. It becomes the main food for the men.
The Masai have lived this way for thousands of years. The only change that seems to have affected their lives is the use of the transistor(晶體管) radio. It is quite common to see a young warrior with a pair of earphones listening to music while has is with his cattle.
1.The underlined word plastered in the first paragraph means______.
A. painted B. covered all over C. put up D. dotted
2.What do the Masai spend most of their time doing?
A. Hunting B. Fighting against wild animals C. Grazing their cattle D. Building small houses
3.It can be learned from the text that______.
A. a Masai warrior drinks blood mixed with milk B. Mboto is a strong Masai warrior
C. a thorn fence is built to keep the cattle out
D. the Masai has nearly a thousand years of history
4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A. The Masai wander over the rolling African grasslands.
B. A Masai‘s simple house has a small opening as a door to allow a person to enter.
C. A Masai‘s simple house is made of branches and strong sticks.
D. Modern inventions don‘t affect the Masai‘s lives at all.
>>>>>>參考答案<<<<<<
第一篇：
1. A詞義猜測題。根據They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 可知這個詞與癌症有關，故可推出carcinogenic意為"致癌的."。
2. C細節題。根據People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out.可知還沒有人知道"蘇丹紅"名稱的由來。
3. B推斷題。根據EU officials have been striving to remove some food procts from the shelves. So far 580 procts have been recalled.可知某些食品因含有"蘇丹紅"而被召回。故可推斷"蘇丹紅"經常用作食品添加劑。
4. B主旨大意題。根據there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever. 可知本文主要講"蘇丹紅"與蘇丹這個國家是否有聯系的問題，故B最佳。
第二篇：C A A
第三篇：B C A D
;4. 如何做好英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題
猜測詞義題
在閱讀中我們經常會遇到許多生詞。這時許多同學立即翻閱詞典，查找詞義。這樣做不但費時費力，而且影響閱讀速度、影響對語篇的整體把握。事實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前後的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯系。我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。近年來全國統一高考中加大了對考生猜詞義能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜詞技巧，對突破高考閱讀理解、提高我們的英語語言能力都有非常重要的意義。
常見的題干有：
1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
2) The word... could best be replaced by.
3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
4) According to the passage,... probably means.
5) The author uses the word... to mean.
猜測詞義時，一般可利用以下四個方面的線索：
一是針對性的解釋
針對性解釋是作者為了更好的表達思想，在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術語或高深的詞彙等所做的通俗化的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息明確具體，所使用的語言通俗易懂，利用它們來猜測詞義就非常簡單。
1.根據定義（definition）猜測詞義
如果生詞有一個句子（定語從句或是同位語<同位語前常有 that="" is="" to="" in="" other="" or="" i.g.="">或是同位語從句）或段落來定義,或使用破折號，冒號，分號後的內容和引號括弧中的內容加以解釋和定義，那麼理解這個句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例1.Do you know what a territory is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（聲稱）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）
[分析]由定義可推知，這里territory指的是：動物的地盤。
例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷）
[分析]由同位語an endangered wild cat我們很快猜出生詞ocelots的義域：一種瀕臨滅絕野貓。
例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）
According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通過whose引導的定語從句，我們可以推測到：The Pines 是一家餐館的名字，由此不難推出理解題的答案為：D。
2.根據舉例猜測詞義
恰當的舉例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索。
例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（2004年遼寧卷）
[分析]根據such as 後面列舉的一系列例子，我們應該能推斷出句中的issue 是指議題。
二是內在邏輯關系
根據內在邏輯關系推測詞義是指應用語言知識分析和判斷相關信息之間存在的邏輯關系，然後根據邏輯聯系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。
1.根據對比、比較關系猜測詞義
在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據生詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。表示對比關系的詞彙和短語主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示對比關系的句子結構：while 引導的並列句。同對比關系相反，比較關系表示意義上的相似關系。表示比較關系的詞和短語主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word hassle (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET）
A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
[分析]根據對比關系，這里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意義，很容易判斷理解題的答案為C。
例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表明短語loves to talk和loquacious 之間的比較關系，其意義相近。由此我們可推斷出loquacious的意思是健談的。
2.根據因果關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中，若兩個事物現象之間構成因果關系，我們可以根據這種邏輯關系推測生詞詞義。
例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
（2005年上海卷）
The word presumptuous in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
[分析]根據since 引導的原因狀語從句的內容（既然你是我的上司），我們可以推斷這里presumptuous的意思是：冒失的，放肆的意思，後半句的意思是：我告訴你怎麼做會是一種放肆/冒失的行為。對應的理解題答案為：B。
例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）
根據原因狀語從句的內容，我們可以判斷Pruning的意思是：修剪（樹枝等）的意思。
3.根據說明、並列、同等同義近義、、反義等關系猜測詞義
在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據語言環境所表面的關系猜測詞義。
例9.William Shakespeare said. The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線），good and ill together. （2005年江蘇卷）
The underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具體地說明了a mingled yarn的意義，據此我們不難推測mingled的意思是：混合的，交織的。
例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is yes, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004年湖北卷）
[分析]根據and three other medical centers 這種並列關系，我們很容易推斷出：Johns Hopkins是一家醫療中心。
例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.
[分析]根據與insult侮辱的同等關系猜測defame為詆毀 ，中傷或誹謗
例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.
[分析]運用與football的同義關系推斷為足球。
例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.
[分析]運用與The house近義關系可以推斷dwelling與住所有關
例14.Most women in China ---ecated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]後面的urban and rural, the young and old之間都有反義關系，運用這個關系可以推斷illiterated為未接受過教育的，即文盲
三是通過構詞法
在猜測詞義過程中，我們還可以依靠構詞法方面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。
1.根據前綴猜測詞義
例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-ecational or single-sex schools?
根據詞根ecational （教育的），結合前綴co-（共同，一起），我們便可以猜出co-ecational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。（2005年江西卷）
2.根據後綴猜測詞義
例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年廣東卷）
後綴 -ise/ize意思是使成為；使化，結合詞根commercial（商業的），不難猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商業化的。
3.根據復合詞的各部分猜測詞義
例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（別扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）
Well-designed 或許是個生詞，但我們分析該詞的結構後，就能推測出其含義。它由well （好，優秀）和design （設計）兩部分組成，合在一起便是設計精巧的意思。
例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-proced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手藝) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）
根據合成詞中的mass （大量的）和proce （生產），我們可以推測 mass-proce的意思是：大批量生產；規模生產的意思。
4.猜測詞性變換新詞含義
例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山東卷）
head本為名詞，表頭。由the bus和home的語境邏輯可以推斷，該句head為動詞，表方向，結合全句可譯為開往、駛向。
例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全國卷Ⅱ）
cloud本為名詞，表雲。分析語境邏輯可知，憂慮會影響一個人的判斷，因此該句clouded應譯為使難以。
5. 高考英語閱讀理解試題附答案
高考英語閱讀理解試題附答案
做英語閱讀理解題的時候不能只是做，還要學會分析和總結。為了幫助大家，我分享了一些閱讀理解試題，希望能對大家有所幫助!
高考英語閱讀理解試題【1】
Very few people were coming to eat at the White Rose Restaurant, and its owner did not know what to do. The price was reasonable and the food was of good quality, but nobody seemed to want to eat there.
Then he did something that changed all that, and in a few weeks his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends. Whenever a gentleman came in with a lady, a smiling waiter gave each of them a menu(菜單), The menu looked exactly the same on the outside, but there was an important difference inside. The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. while the menu that he gave to the lady supplied a much higher price! So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous(慷慨) than he really was.
41. Why didn’t people come to the White Rose Restaurant to eat at first?
A. Because the price was high.
B. Because the food was too cheap.
C. Because the food was not good.
D. The passage didn’t mention.
42. According to the passage we can conclude that the people who eat at this restaurant are mostly _______________.
A. poor old people B. rich young people
C. men with their girl friends D. parents with their children
43. The difference between the two kinds of menu lie in ______________.
A. the color B. the shape
C. the price D. the food
44. According to the passage we can infer that when men with their girl friends eat at this restaurant, the food was paid ___________________.
A. always by the ladies only
B. always by the men only
C. sometimes by the ladies
D. either by the men or by the ladies
45. According to the passage we can know that, generally speaking, ____________.
A. men are more generous than women
B. women are more generous than men
C. men like their lady friends to be generous.
D. women like their men friends to be generous
【答案與解析】 41—45 DCCBD
A篇：本文主要講述: 盡管 White Rose 餐館價錢合理，飯菜也好，但很少有人光顧，店主為此想出了一條妙計，從此餐館生意興隆。
41. D。推理判斷題。根據第一自然段可知原文沒有說人們為什麼不到餐館就餐，所以答案為D。
42. C。細節理解題。根據第二自然段第1句 …his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends 可知答案為 C。
43. C。細節理解題。根據第二自然段 The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. While…the lady supplied a much higher price 可知答案為 C。
44. B。推理判斷題。根據最後一句 So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous than he really was 可推斷出答案為B。
45. D。推理判斷題。根據原文可知侍者給男士的那個菜單價格合理，而給女士的那個菜單價格卻很高，但兩種菜單表面上看卻一樣，這樣女士就會認為她們的男友很大方，因此餐館的這種做法很受男士歡迎，由此可知女人們喜歡自己的男友大方。所以答案為 D。
高考英語閱讀理解試題【2】
When you look at yourself in the mirror, do you ever wonder why you look the way you do? Do you also wonder what biological processes were at work to shape your face, which is as indivial and unique as a fingerprint?
The answer is in a little piece of your DNA called a gene enhancer(增強片段),according to scientists at Berkeley Lab. These little pieces6 of DNA help switch on or boost the expression of specific genes, that control the development of the face and head before birth. What's interesting about these little influential bits of DNA is that a gene enhancer doesn't have to be found anywhere close to the genes and, in some cases, doesn't even have to be located on the same chromosome.
Of course, there are a number of hereditary(遺傳) factors which help determine appearance, for example, a child resembles a parent. The researchers, who outlined their findings in the journal Science, said the gene enhancer adjusts the genes to give your face its final unique look. Even with look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.
"Our results suggest that there are thousands of enhancers in the human genome that are involved in facial development," said Axel Visel, a geneticist with Berkeley Lab's Genomics Division, who led the research. "We don't know yet what all of these enhancers do, but we do know that they are out there and they are important for facial development."
Scientists have previously been able to identify some of the genetic faults that can cause birth defects, such as a cleft lip(兔唇), but haven't been able to fully understand what genetic factors are responsible for subtle differences in appearance.
26. The author put forward two questions at the beginning of the passage to ________.
A. expect readers to answer them
B. carry out a survey among readers
C. start a discussion among readers
D. draw readers attention to the topic
27. From Paragraph 3, we know that________.
A. identical twins look similar but not exactly the same
B. hereditary factors determine our appearance completely
C. a child resembles a parent because of afterbirth factors
D. the gene enhancer is something useless and unimportant
28. The underlined word "subtle" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to"___________".
A. not a little
C. not small B. not a bit D. not obvious
29. According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?
A. A cleft lip is a kind of birth defects which are caused by genetic faults.
B. Genetic faults can not be identified and fully understood with today's technology.
C. Gene enhancers have something to do with the facial development according to the research
D. The relation between genetic factors and subtle differences in appearance remains a mystery.
30. Which part of a website is the passage probably taken from?
A. Culture.
C. Science.
B. Opinion. D. Business.
【參考答案】26-30 DADBC
你照鏡子的時候，曾想過為什麼會是這個樣子嗎?你還想過什麼生物過程在起作用使你的臉像指紋一樣與眾不同嗎?
26. D。作者意圖題。通讀全文及第一段可知答案。27. A。細節理解題。從第三段最後兩句Even with identical twins, there are subtle differences in appearance. Identical twins Linda and Terry Jamison look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.可知答案。
28. D。詞義猜測題。從第三段最後一句Identical twins Linda and Terry Jamison look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.可知即便是十分相像的雙胞胎，外貌上也是有很細微的'差別的。
29. B。細節理解題。從最後一段的Scientists have previously been able to identify...but haven’t been able to fully understand...可知答案。
30. C。推理判斷題。該短文是科普文章，故要到網站的科學信息部分才能讀到。
高考英語閱讀理解試題【3】
Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口訣表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突擊學習) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown- ups
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember. 2. The author explains the law of overlearning by.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
4. What is the author’s opinion on cramming?
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C. It’s possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students’learning interest.
【參考答案】ADAB
;6. 高三英語閱讀理解題訓練及答案詳解
高考英語試題中閱讀理解佔40分，是試卷中所佔比例最大的一部分。考生們在復習高考英語科目時,可以多做一些試題,下面就是我給大家帶來的，希望大家喜歡！下面就是我給大家帶來的 高三英語 閱讀理解題訓練及答案詳解，希望大家喜歡！
第一篇：
Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.
All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.
The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.
In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full，lessening their desire to eat or drink.
The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.
Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber ckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.
In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became the
latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch』s effect on ocean environment.
51.How did the writer introce the topic of the passage?
A. By giving an example. B. By listing the facts.
C. By telling a story. D. By giving a comparison.
52.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?
A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic procts.
B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.
C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.
D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.
53.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?
A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.
B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.
C. Because it may be from an island in the pacific.
D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.
54.Which column can you find the passage on a newspaper?
A. Sports and entertainment. B. Media and culture.
C. Environment and society. D. Science and technology.
55.The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.
A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific
B. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific
C. give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean
D. introce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch
第二篇：
Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland's volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.
WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(微小的) ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(吸入) particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.
Other experts, however, weren't convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on peoples' health and said WHO's warnings were "hysterical." They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance — like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe — its health effects are often minimal, experts say.
"Not all particles are created equal," said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, "In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful." And he said most Europeans' exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.
Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. "The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven't heard of any ill effects there," he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was "over the top" and "a bit hysterical."
60. The text is mainly about .
A. the effect of volcanic ash
B. the health risk of volcanic ash
C. the disadvantages of volcanic ash
D. the opinions on health risk of volcanic ash
61. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?
A. The volcanic ash』s effects on Europeans were little.
B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.
C. Other experts thought WTO』S warnings were useful.
D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution.
62. The underlined word 「hysterical」 in Paragraph4 most probably means .
A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated
63. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The volcanic ash wouldn』t be harmful to people.
B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.
C. People close to the volcano would likely be at risk according to some experts.
D. Europeans should stay indoors because Iceland's volcano starts settling.
第一篇：
51.D。推理判斷題。根據第一段」Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the state of Texas.Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers.So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.」可知，作者拿得克薩斯州與大量的垃圾漂浮物進行比較，所以選D項。
52.A。細節判斷題。根據第二段中的」The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.」可知，這些垃圾漂流物是塑料製品。
53.B。細節理解題。根據第五段中的」There is an increased threat of infection of
disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste.」可知受污染的塑料製品會通過食物鏈來影響人類。
54.C。推理判斷題。根據本文內容可知，這篇 文章 最有可能出現在報紙上」環境與社會」這個欄目里。
55.D。作者意圖題。本文通過介紹太平洋上漂浮的大量的塑料垃圾廢物的情況，指出了它們對海洋中的生物以及人類的影響，所以D項正確。
第二篇：
60.D. 主旨大意題。本文主要就火山灰對人的健康的危害問題世衛組織和其他專家給出不同觀點。A太籠統;B不能體現不同的觀點;C與文章內容無關;D符合題意。
61. A. 細節理解題。第三段最後一句可知A是正確的;由第三段中During a volcanic eruption……in healthy people.可知B錯誤;由第三段中Other experts, however, weren't convinced…… cigarette smoke or pollution可排除C D。
62. D. 詞義猜測題。由上文中volcanic ash is not all that harmful和下文中only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk可知D正確, 誇大的，言過其實的。
63.C. 由第三段 But once it falls from a greater distance….. effects are often minimal和第四段中 only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk以及第五段中 the further the particles travel, the more diluted and less dangerous they will be可知C正確。ABD觀點表達絕對。
7. 高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧
高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧如下：
1、題型分類：主旨大意題，答題技巧：閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文，這兩種文體的結構可歸納為：提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、細節理解題，答題技巧：可直接找到相關細節，但需經過計算方可找到答案。
3、推理判斷題，答題技巧：推斷題是考查大家透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據，切莫主觀臆斷。
4、詞義猜測題，答題技巧：通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞。專業老師在線權威答疑 zy.offercoming.com
8. 英語周報高三外研2015-2016第38期閱讀理解專練答案
英語周報高三外研2015-2016第38期閱讀理解專練答案
閱讀理解專練（四）
參考答案
1-5 DAABC 6-10 CBDAB
11-14 CBDC
解析
A篇（社會）
本文是記敘文。彬彬有禮、慈祥和藹的英國女王伊麗莎白二世曾經還是一位會調試引擎、修理輪胎的「女漢子」。
1. D。細節理解題。由第一段中的women worked at jobs traditionally held by men, who were nowoverseas fighting可知，二戰期間的英國婦女被允許在男性崗位上工作。
2. A。細節理解題。由第二段中的King George VI, thought it was too dangerous. But Princess Elizabethwould not take no for an answer可知，起初喬治六世國王拒絕了伊麗莎白公主想要參加A.T.S.的請求。
3. A。細節理解題。由第四段中的she learned to take apart an engine and then assemble it和第五段中的Princess Elizabeth worked oncar, truck, and even tank engines 可知，在A.T.S.服役期間，伊麗莎白公主學會了拆卸各種汽車引擎，儼然變成了一位汽車修理工。第四段的I'm a mechanic at last也是提示。
4. B。推理判斷題。由第二段伊麗莎白公主經過數月說服父母同意她參軍可知，她意志力堅定；再根據第五、六段描述伊麗莎白公主獨自開卡車可知，她膽子很大。
5. C。推理判斷題。由最後一段可知，年屆八旬的伊麗莎白女王依然開車、騎馬、管理農庄，由此推知，她的身體非常健朗。
B篇（自然）
本文是說明文。文章介紹了科學家對野生狒狒飲食情況的研究結果。
6. C。篇章結構題。由第一段中的it seemed as if they ate everything. But did they really? ...Baboons should be picky eaters可推斷，劃線部分指代野生狒狒是否挑食這個謎。
7. B。細節理解題。由第二段中的the monkeys ate whatever they could find as long as the foods had alot of protein and fat可知，野生狒狒喜歡富含蛋白質和脂肪的食物。
8. D。細節理解題。由第三段中的baboons were smart ... remember a lot of things ... easily remembertheir friends and enemies可知，野生狒狒記性好。
9. A。段落大意題。第四段主要講作者研究野生狒狒尋找食物的過程和方法。
10. B。推理判斷題。由最後一段中的baboons did not find ... walked quickly and directly to baobab trees可推斷，野生狒狒知道猴麵包樹的位置。
C篇（個人情感）
本文是議論文。文章論述了同理心的重要性。
11. C。細節理解題。由第二段末的They afterwards developed a friendship based on their commoninterest in Aristotle's ethics可知。
12. B。細節理解題。由第四段Furthermore, it's about recovering the curiosity everyone had as achild ... be an interested inquirer可知，成年人應該像孩子一樣對他人感到好奇。
13. D。細節理解題。由第五段中的you borrow a person for conversation ... people you may not get tomeet in everyday life可知，在真人圖書館，你可以和比較特別的人聊天。
14. C。推理判斷題。由最後一段中的without empathy a person is 「emotionally tone deaf 」可推斷，培養對他人的同理心很重要。
閱讀理解專練（五）
參考答案
1-4 DAAC 5-9 BDCDA
10-14 CBBDB
解析
A篇（體育）
本文是記敘文。文章講述了棒球泥的故事。
1. D。細節理解題。由第一段末的a deadly game及第三段開頭的Back then ... hard to control和末句的One batter was even killed可知，在1938年前棒球是危險的運動。
2. A。推理判斷題。由第四段中的improving the grip without damaging the leather可推斷，這種泥使棒球更容易控制。
3. A。推理判斷題。由第四段末的they gave his mud a thumbs-up. By the 1950s, every major-league teamwas using it可推斷，裁判們認為Blackburne的方法很好。
4. C。標題歸納題。文章主要講了棒球泥被發現和使用的歷史，這種泥的位置目前仍是秘密，故C項最適合作本文的標題。
B篇（自然）
本文是說明文。文章介紹了江鱈的外貌、飲食、生活習性及生存現狀。
5. B。推理判斷題。由第二段中的The fish is ... not exactly pretty及最後一段中的unattractive ones可推斷，江鱈長得比較丑。
6. D。細節理解題。由第二段中的They're a very greedy animal ... they really will eat anything theycan get可知，江鱈吃很多種食物。
7. C。細節理解題。由第三段中的burbot can be trapped under ice — they need cold temperatures to lay eggs可知，江鱈需要到冰下產卵。
8. D。句意理解題。由上文中的the only burbot in England ... preserved in jars可推斷，懸賞的獎金一直無人領取說明江鱈已經在英國的海域消失了。
9. A。推理判斷題。由最後一段中的But what about the unattractive ones ... speak up for the burbot可推斷，作者對江鱈的現狀很擔憂。
C篇（人際關系）
本文是記敘文。一個阿斯伯格綜合症患者被同學欺凌後的反應讓人稱贊。
10. C。細節理解題。由第一段中的Gavin, a teenager with Asperger's Syndrome ... affects a person'sability to socialize ... appears distant from his schoolmates可知。
11. B。詞義猜測題。由第二段中的it's weird及 he wanted to be friends with people he didn't know可推斷，一些孩子認為Gavin想和陌生人交朋友的行為很奇怪。
12. B。細節理解題。由第一段中的was beaten up just for being different及第二、三段可知，Gavin僅僅因為和別人不同而被打。
13. D。細節理解題。由倒數第二、三段可知，Gavin想讓欺凌他的孩子們從這次事件中學到東西。
14. B。推理判斷題。Gavin在被欺凌後不僅沒有粗暴地報復，反而想辦法讓欺負他的孩子們從這件事上有所收獲。再由文章開頭的the end results are much more optimistic及第四段末的Gavin's reaction speaksvolumes可推斷，他對待欺凌的方式值得稱贊。
閱讀理解專練（六）
參考答案
1-5 DCBCD 6-10 BADBC
11-14 BDAB
解析
A篇（家庭）
本文是記敘文。文章圍繞父親的禮物講述了父子之情。
1. D。篇章結構題。由第二段開頭的Dad made it及第三段開頭的He gave me the little man in the bathtub可知，劃線詞指代父親送給作者的禮物。
2. C。推理判斷題。由第二段中的Carved out of ... hollow可推斷，這個禮物製作精巧。
3. B。推理判斷題。由第三段中的I cried while reading that ... how could Dad even think that?可推斷，當作者讀父親的信時，他感到既傷心又驚訝。
4. C。細節理解題。由倒數第二段末的We both matured, and our relationship as alts was far better thanwhen I was younger可知。
5. D。細節理解題。由最後一段中的While I will forever treasure it, the little man in the bathtub willnever be finished可知，父親走了，音樂盒永遠都不可能完成了，作者為此深感遺憾。
B篇（文娛）
本文是記敘文。文章講述了糖果樂園游戲的歷史。
6. B。推理判斷題。由第一段中的The kids were lonely and sad, and Abbott ... the perfectentertainment可推斷，Abbott試圖用這種游戲使患小兒麻痹症的孩子們高興起來。
7. A。細節理解題。由第二段中的they loved it可知。
8. D。段落大意題。第三段中的It's possible that polio helped make Candy Land famous是主題句。小兒麻痹症在全國范圍內傳染期間，人們為避免被傳染盡量不和別人接觸。該疾病的影響加上其它的因素，共同為糖果樂園游戲的流行創造了極佳的條件。
9. B。細節理解題。由第三段可知，受二十世紀五十年代早期小兒麻痹症的影響，糖果樂園游戲流行起來。
10. C。推理判斷題。由第一段可知，Abbott看到生病的孩子們孤獨而傷心便想辦法讓他們高興起來；再由最後一段可知，Abbott將自己得到的第一筆版稅中的很多錢送給了當初在病房見到的孩子們。據此可推斷，她是一個善良的人。
C篇（文學）
本文是應用文。文章是一則詩歌比賽的通知。
11. B。細節理解題。由第二段中的The poem must be about a specific person可知。
12. D。細節理解題。由第四段開頭的E-mail entries to ... fax to可知。
13. A。細節理解題。由倒數第三段中的Include your real name ... 可知。
14. B。文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文是一則詩歌比賽的通知。
閱讀理解專練（七）
參考答案
1-5 CCBAC 6-10 ACCDB
11-14 DACD
解析
A篇（飲食）
本文是記敘文。文章主要介紹了SlushPuppie這種冷飲的由來。
1. C。細節理解題。由第一段中的One evening, Radcliff ... brainstorm some names for his would-beslushy drink可知C項說法正確。
2. C。細節理解題。由第三段中的An eight-ounce Slush Puppie contains 119 calories ... it has a verypleasant taste可知，SlushPuppie這種冷飲熱量高，但很可口。
3. B。詞義猜測題。由該詞前後的by 1999 sales had reached $25 million a year和he eventually pushed his idea intoa global phenomenon可知，Radcliff非常機敏，他趁著飲料熱銷的勢頭將其推向國外市場。
4. A。細節理解題。由倒數第二段中的he built a large farm and became a fierce advocate for landconservation可知，Radcliff之所以購買那片濕地是為了保護土地，這說明他是個關愛大自然的人。
5. C。標題歸納題。總覽全文可知，文章主要介紹了Slush Puppie這種冷飲的由來，故選C項。
B篇（健康）
本文是說明文。研究表明過度降低食物鹽分對身體有害。
6. A。推理判斷題。由第二段中的1,500 for groups considered at greater risk, like alts older than50可知，美國政府建議健康的老人每天食用1500毫克鈉。
7. C。詞義猜測題。由第三段該詞所在句中的but可知，scant與considerable（相當多的）意思相反，故選C項。
8. C。細節理解題。由第四段中的Consumption below that level showed increased risk of death andcardiovascular events可知，該研究認為，每天食用少於3000毫克的鈉對健康不利。
9. D。推理判斷題。由倒數第二段中的the new McMaster data are among the best available and that no studyhas shown a benefit from recing sodium consumption to below 2,300 milligramsa day可知，Strom支持該研究結果。
10. B。細節理解題。由最後一段可知，這些加拿大科學家建議高血壓患者適當降低鈉的攝入量。
C篇（社會）
本文是應用文。KarlaL. Miller就讀者在工作上遇到的問題給出了她的建議。
11. D。細節理解題。根據信中的my boss has freely called me ... ring my off-hours and vacation可知，Sam的老闆經常在非工作時間給他打電話或發郵件。
12. A。推理判斷題。根據Sam信中的描述，尤其是最後一段的Iam ready to lose it可知，對於老闆的行為，Sam感到很不開心。lose it情緒失控。
13. C。句意理解題。根據劃線部分下文的but then continues to contact you以及Sam信中的Each time Iask, she apologizes and stops for a while, but ... 可知，此處的意思是「你的老闆好像明白她所做的事情有些不妥，但是仍舊那樣做，即在非工作時間給員工打電話或發郵件」。
14. D。細節理解題。根據Karla L. Miller回信中的最後一段內容You could ask her ... so you can be paid for it可知，Karla建議Sam好好和老闆談談。