河南中考英語閱讀理解故事類
初中英語閱讀理解題型
英語閱讀理解題是中考英語常見的題型之一,且佔比分較大,讓學生熟悉常見的題型,掌握正確的答題技巧及解題步驟,可收到"事半功倍"的效果。下面就由我來跟大家介紹一下初中英語閱讀理解常見題型及答題技巧吧!
【初中英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧】
(一)主旨題
主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時,應通讀全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開,主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。
(二)細節題
細節題是用來進一步表達主題,體現中心思想的,往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時,應快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、數字等,閱讀時要有針對性。
(三)推斷題
推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論,主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括:數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時,應根據短文中的相關語句,對與事實有關的細節加以分析,找出線索,悟出字里行間的意思,反復比較,從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。
(四)猜測詞義題
猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下,推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞,大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞,學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文,斷定該詞的真正含義,然後將這個釋義代入文中,檢查是否貼切,仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。
(五)正誤判斷題
正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節,給出一個句子,判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接,難度相對較小。做此類題時,應先看題,後帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文,尋找所需要的信息。 初中英語閱讀理解題已成為評估學生英語水平的重要測試題型,在中考英語試卷中所佔比重較大。閱讀理解題主要是考查學生綜合運用所學語言知識的能力,包括細節理解能力、詞義判斷能力、歸納概括能力及邏輯推理能力等。大致來說,閱讀理解題主要針對如下方面:
(1) 個別詞語或句子;(2)某一細節或情節;(3)主題;(4)背景知識;(5)結論或結局;(6) 內涵隱意或寓意等。下面本人就根據閱讀理解題的題型特點,來談一些答題技巧。
一、直接理解題
這種題目比較簡單,只要通讀全文,了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細節就可以解答出來,有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。此類題目的出題形式很多,例如:
(1)Which of the following statements is true / false?
(2)Which of the following is(not)mentioned?
(3)How many / How much / Where / How / What„„?
(4)What does the writer think about?
(5)Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage?
要快速辨認和記憶事實或細節,就需要恰當地使用查閱的方法。查閱是讀者在對材料有所了解的情況下進行的,它的特點是帶著問題去尋找答案,往往與略讀綜合使用,具體方法與步驟如下:
(1)略讀材料,了解原文大意,掌握其中心意思或主旨。
(2)按文章的體裁、作者寫作的組織模式及有關信息詞,如for example,first,second„„預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。
(3)將自己的精力放在尋找所需要的細節上,快速通篇閱讀,眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形掃視,待找到含有相關細節的句子時,就要放慢速度,仔細核對,比較內容,直至找到答案。
二、語義理解題
在閱讀中,我們經常會遇到一些生詞,需要根據上下文猜測它們的意思。此類問題考查學生緊扣原文,根據上下文語境判斷單詞、詞語或短句意義的能力。常見的題型有:直接對生詞進行解釋;對多義詞或短語在文章具體語言環境中的意義作出准確判斷;對英語中的一些格言或諺語進行解釋;對文中一些代詞的指代對象作出界定等。這種題型常見的設題方式如下:
(1)The underlined word(phrase)in the passage means______.
(2)The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______.
(3)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means____.
(4)What does the underlined word“„”refer to______.
(5)By „ the writer means______.
在做此類題時,考生應緊扣原文,根據上下文語境進行判斷,切不要望文生義或斷章取義,也不能只選擇自己熟悉的意思。猜測詞義的常見方法有:
1)根據構詞法猜測詞義;
(2)根據上下文猜測詞義;
(3)根據定義或解釋猜測詞義;
(4)根據同義詞、反義詞以及對比關系猜測詞義;
(5)根據生活常識猜測詞義。
三、邏輯推理題
推理判斷試題屬於深層閱讀理解題。它要求考生盡量考慮文中全部信息或事實,在通篇理解文章的基礎上,嚴格按照作者提供的信息推斷出作者的言外之意。這種題型常見的設題方式有:
(1)From the text,it can be inferred that______.
(2)The passage suggests that______.
(3)Which of the following best describes______.
(4)The writer’s attitude towards„is______.
(5)From the text,we learn that______.
這種題目有一定難度,解答時必須根據上下文及相互間的關系或對整篇文章進行深層理解後,才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯系作者的意圖、態度等文外之意加以推理。解此類題目可從以下幾方面入手:
(1)根據常識判斷。即解題時,除弄清文意外,還需藉助生活常識、風土人情、傳說掌故、名人軼事等進行判斷。
(2)根據知識判斷。即解題時,運用一些一般性知識,如天文、地理、文學、藝術、科技等自然科學和社會科學知識。
(3)根據計算判斷。即解題時,運用一些數學知識進行和差、面積、體積、速度等方面的運算。
(4)根據情節判斷。即解題時,從情節所提供的基本事實出發,尋找一定規律,如時間關系、條件關系、因果關系、比較關系、轉折關系等作為推理根據。這種題目最容易出現,考生要從時間、地點、事件的情節安排與發展中,深入探討其邏輯關系及隱喻、引申等因素。
四、歸納總結題
這種題型要求學生在理解全文的基礎上,對文章進行歸納、概括或評價。解這種題目時,不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義,如涉及文章的標題(title)、主題(main idea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(end)等有關問題,都需要在細讀全文的基礎上,結合所學語言知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷,從而獲取文章中的內在信息。常見的設題方式有:
(1)The general idea of the passage is about______.
2)The main idea of the article is______.
(3)The main purpose of this selection is______.
4)The passage suggests that______.
5)Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage?
具體解題時,應注意一些技巧:
(1)首先看短文的開頭和結尾,確定短文題材,預測其內容。每段的第一句話往往會提供重要信息,可以幫助我們搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。
(2)速讀全文,整體理解短文大意,抓住關鍵詞語,弄清文章的主旨。
(3)根據已知短文內容,著手解題。可先將文後的選擇題看一下,然後帶著問題再去閱讀。這樣做,一方面有助於對文章進一步理解,另一方面可以有針對性地從文章中尋找答案。
(4)迅速復讀全文,檢查自己的理解是否正確,所選答案是否前後矛盾。通過全面考慮,最後確定答案。
一.教學大綱對閱讀理解的要求
(一)初中英語教學大綱對學生閱讀上的基本要求:
1.能閱讀難度相當於課文的材料,理解其大意。
2.能獨立閱讀所學語言知識范圍內的材料,生詞率不超過3%。
3.閱讀速度要求每分鍾50-70詞。
(二)中考閱讀理解的考點
1.文章的話題—略讀文章,領會文章大意的題。
2.文章的中心題—歸納,概括的能力。
3.文章的細節—掃讀或細讀文章,以獲得某些特地信息或准確的尋找所需細節的能力。
4.文章的寓意,結論-領會作者的言外之意或推斷出文章的結論。
5.生詞詞意,猜詞—對生詞詞意的判斷能力。
(三)中考閱讀理解考察的文體
1.記敘文—抓住人物,地點,時間,情節發展線索。
2.說明文—要以事物為中心進行思考。抓住事物的特徵,用途,相互關系等。
(四)解題思路與技巧
1.快速瀏覽全文,掌握大意。
2.仔細審題,分析比較選項 。
3.帶著問題復讀,捕捉關鍵信息,解答問題。
4.再讀全文,核對答案。
二.閱讀理解題型及解題技巧
從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看,短文體裁多樣,題材各異,文章涉及科學知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環境和日常生活等方面,
充分體現其時代性、實用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細節題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和正誤判斷題。
做閱讀理解練習應先看問題,弄清考點。在閱讀短文之前,快速瀏覽問題,以便在閱讀短文時做到心中有數,快速、准確地捕捉所要信息。先易後難。做題時不必拘泥於書中所呈現的語篇順序,應遵循先易後難的原則。如可先做細節題再做推斷題,因為細節題大多能直接從文中找到答案,而推斷題則需對短文進行深層理解,再作判斷。
(一)主旨題
主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時,應通讀全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開,主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。
(二)細節題
細節題是用來進一步表達主題,體現中心思想的,往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時,應快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、數字等,閱讀時要有針對性。
(三)推斷題
推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論,主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括:數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時,應根據短文中的.相關語句,對與事實有關的細節加以分析,找出線索,悟出字里行間的意思,反復比較,從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。
(四)猜測詞義題
猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下,推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞,大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞,學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文,斷定該詞的真正含義,然後將這個釋義代入文中,檢查是否貼切,仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。
1.通過因果關系猜詞
通過因果關系猜詞,首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系,然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因後果。例如:
You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語,如happy and gay,即使我們不認識gay這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞,一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通過構詞法猜詞
在閱讀文章時,我們總會遇上一些新詞彙,有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意,而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用,此時,如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、後綴等語法知識,這些問題便不難解決了。
4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義
例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought.
從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,於是便有一段乾旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測詞義
例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,准確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。
6.通過描述猜詞
描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。
(五)正誤判斷題
正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節,給出一個句子,判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接,難度相對較小。做此類題時,應先看題,後帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文,尋找所需要的信息。
;② 中考英語的閱讀理解的題型和文章類型有哪些
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③ 初三英語閱讀理解原文及答案
初三英語閱讀理解原文及答案
學生在初三年級將面臨初級中學升學考試,即中考。為了幫助大家備考中考英語,我整理了一些初三英語閱讀理解,希望能對大家有所幫助!
初三英語閱讀理解【1】
There are over 800 boarding (寄宿) schools in the UK with students from home and foreign countries. Boarding schools started hundreds of years ago in the country. But the earliest boarding schools were set up for white, rich boys only. Now both boys and girls can go to boarding schools from the age of 7 to 18.
What to do
In the UK, boarding schools have three terms in a school year, with about 13 weeks in each term. Students study and live together. They can’t go outside if they are not allowed to. In some schools, each student has his or her subject plan. Besides the usual classrooms and laboratories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, boats, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres. Most boarding schools have a “light out” time. So when it’s time to go to bed, all the lights in the bedrooms are turned off. There are house-masters to take care of students all the time, especially after school hours.
What to wear
Nearly all students at boarding schools wear a school uniform. Boys usually wear a shirt and a tie, and girls wear a white blouse, sometimes also a tie and a skirt. As students get older, the rules become less strict.
_______________
In the UK, boarding schools provide students with delicious food. They can choose to have a full English breakfast or simply bread. They can also choose between a meal with no meat and another meal at lunch and dinner. And there is always self-service for salad (沙拉), other side dishes and a dessert. Students can also make themselves something to eat at any time in a kitchen, or drink tea or have a snack between meals.
1. Which of the following is TRUE according to (根據) the passage?
A. Only white children were allowed to attend the earliest boarding schools.
B. Students in a boarding school are looked after only after school hours.
C. As students get older, the rules about wearing school uniforms become stricter.
D. Students can have different activities in a boarding school.
2. Which is the best title for the last paragraph?
A. What to eat B. When to eat
C. Where to eat D. How to eat
3. The underlined word ‘facilities’ means _____________.
A. 教師 B. 設施 C. 活動 D. 課程
參考答案:1.D 2.A 3.B
初三英語閱讀理解【2】
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin (頑童) was walking around the shining car. “Is this your car, Paul?” he asked.
Paul answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it cost you nothing? Boy, I wish…” He hesitated (猶豫).
Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.
“I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?”
“Oh yes, I’d love that.”
After a short ride, the boy turned around with his eyes shining, said, “Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?”
Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked.
He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled (殘疾的) brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.
“There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent. And some day I’m going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I’ve been trying to tell you about.”
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed elder brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.
根據短文內容,選擇最佳答案。
1. The street urchin was very surprised when ________.
A. Paul told him about the car
B. he was walking around the car
C. he saw the shining car
2. From the story we can see the urchin ________.
A. wished to give his brother a car
B. wanted Paul’s brother to give him a car
C. wished he could have a brother like Paul’s
3. The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ________.
A. to show his neighbors the big car
B. to show he had a rich friend
C. to tell his brother about his wish
4. We can infer(推斷) from the story that ________.
A. Paul couldn’t understand the urchin
B. the urchin had a deep love for his brother
C. the urchin wished to have a rich brother
5. The best name of the name story is _________.
A. A Christmas Present
B. A Street Urchin
C. A Brother Like That
參考答案:1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C
初三英語閱讀理解【3】
When I was a foreign teacher in China, every day I taught English to my students and they taught me about China. One day the topic turned to saying “I love you”. I was shocked to learn that not one of my students had said this to their mothers, nor had their mothers said it to them. “Does your mom love you?” “Of course,”they answered.
“How do you know ?”was my logical question. They responded that their mons cooked and always told them what they were doing wrong to show their caring. I was stunned .So mon’s cooking and criticzing read out as “I love you ”. “Then how do you say ‘I love you ’to her?” They agreed that getting good grades, followed by god jobs would be how they showed their love.
I come from a culture where most people are expressive enough, so I repeated these queries in classes over time. Graally, I began to get different response. Some of them had exchanged those sentiments with their moms.
One of my favorite stories of change came from a girl. When she came home from university, her mother met her at the door and hugged(擁抱)her. This had never happened before, but her mom said, “Now that you have gone I have more time to myself. I noticed that in some places mothers and children hug each other and I decided it was a good idea and that I would begin hugging you.”
In my family we all say “I love you” a lot .While it is true that we often say the words without having great depth of feelings at that moment, it is almost like a blessing we give each other. Those three little words carry a world of meaning ,even when said as a greeting, but most especially if they are the last words we say to or hear from those we love.
1.The foreign teacher_______.
A. comes from America
B. is a young woman
C. is expressive enough
D. knows much about China
2.Chinese people prefer to show love by________.
A. saying “I love you”
B. cooking
C. getting good grades
D. doing something helpful;
3.In paragraph 4,what’s the real meaning of the mom’s hugging?
A. She is meeting her daughter at the door.
B. She loves her daughter and misses her.
C. She is glad that she has more time to herself
D. he finds it interesting to hug her daughter.
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Say “I love you”more to your family.
B. Say “I love you”a lot to Chinese people .
C. Say “I love you”as a greeting to others.
D. Say “I love you”without great depth of feelings.
參考答案:1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A
;④ 中考英語閱讀理解體裁
閱讀理解在英語考試里所佔的分值比較大,但是卻有存在較大的難度。下面,針對中考,我們來看看中考的英語閱讀理解題材都有哪些,為中考加油。
閱讀理解題對學生提出了較高的能力要求,主要是考查學生通過閱讀獲取信息、分析信息和處理信息的能力,既要抓住文章的主旨,又要抓住細節;既要理解具體事實,又要理解抽象概念;既要理解文章字面意思,又要挖掘作者意圖,揣摩隱藏在字里行間的內涵既要理解全篇的邏輯關系又要理解某些細節的意思,並且在讀懂句子和文章的基礎上,將所讀文章進行判斷、分析和推理。概括的說就是這類題注重考查閱讀技能,包括理解短文大意、了解具體細節、通過上下文猜測詞義、歸納篇章大意,以及推斷或理解作者的態度和意圖等。考生不僅要具有準確獲得信息的能力,還要具有透過文章表層意思理解文章隱含意義的能力。這樣才能抓住中心思想,作出正確的判斷。試題涉及掌握語篇主旨,事實細節、深層含義、推理判斷、猜測詞義等多方面的閱讀能力考查。設題通常考慮以下四個方面。
1. 直觀性問題 。直接引用原文中的語句或根據短文中原語句稍加改動而編成。
2. 常識性問題。 考查學生依據短文信息,並根據自己所具備的一般常識作出判斷的題型.
3. 理解性問題。 考查學生對文章的中心思想,某段的段落大意,某一事實的細節及作者意圖等的理解程度。
4. 推理性問題。 這類題需在深刻理解短文後,再經過推理判斷才能選出正確答案。
閱讀是一個復雜的心理過程,語言學家古德曼(Groodman)認為,閱讀就是讀者通過其心理和語言活動理解來接受作者的思想和觀點。如果學生能讀懂一篇文章,則表明作者寫作時的思維過程與該生在閱讀時的思維活動趨於吻合,這就是說學生的閱讀理解必須實於原文,不可脫離文章憑空想像。
對學生進行閱讀技巧訓練還應該從文體角度來訓練,因為一篇文章的設題是受其文體限制的。下面我們分析幾個不同體裁文章的特點,供大家參考。
a. 故事類。
初中生接觸到的閱讀材料大都是故事類。閱讀故事類的材料,應該抓住人物線索、地點線索、時間線索和情節發展線索。特別注意的是,以上線索往往是並存的。因為情節的發展總是涉及到人物的變化、時間的推移、場景的變換等。而閱讀材料後的閱讀理解題往往會圍繞這些內容設計一些事實類的理解題。凡事實類的理解題都可以從閱讀材料的表層文字中找到答案。在閱讀故事類短文時,應指導學生理解文章的深層含義,也就是它的主題。在此需要注意的'是,現在的閱讀理解題在測試事實類的理解題的同時,往往有一道推理類理解測試題.
b.科普類。
這里所指的科普類是廣義的。它包含有介紹科學知識、社會知識的短文。閱讀這類短文時,要以事實為中心進行思考,抓住事物的特徵、用途、相互關系等.如果是介紹社會現象的文章,要掌握所談現象的內涵。
c.圖表類。
這類短文是通過看圖或表格等來了解某方面的情況。指導學生閱讀這類材料時,主要從兩方面入手;一是了解圖表的主題,確定圖表的主要內容,二是推敲圖畫語盲或數字,找出它們之間的關聯或試圖表達的含義。
d.新聞類。
報刊閱讀應逐步成為中學生閱讀的一個重要內容。由於新聞報道強調遵循 5 個 w 和 1 個 H,所以,我們在閱讀時也要抓住這一點去理解把握。
⑤ 2010河南省英語中考都有哪些題型啊
一、 聽力理解(20小題,每小題1分,共20分)
第一節
聽下面5段對話。每段對話後有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳答案,並將其標號填入題前括弧內。每段對話讀兩遍。
第二節
聽下面幾段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白後有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳答案,並將其標號填入題前括弧內。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
第三節
聽下面5篇短文,找出與所聽短文內容所相符的圖片,並將其標號填在題號後的橫線上。短文讀兩遍。
二、單項選擇(15小題,每小題1分,共15分)
從A 、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個最佳答案,並將其標號填入題前括弧內。
三、完形填空(10小題,每小題1分,共10分)
先通讀短文,掌握其大意,然後從A 、B、C、D中選出一個可以填入相應空白處的最佳答案,並將其標號填入題前括弧內。
四、閱讀理解(20小題,每小題2分,共40分)
閱讀下面四篇語言材料,然後據文後要求做題。
A
根據材料內容選擇最佳答案,並將其標號填入題前括弧內。
B
根據材料內容選擇最佳答案,並將其標號填入題前括弧內。
C
根據材料內容選擇最佳答案,並將其標號填入題前括弧內。
D
閱讀上面五段語言材料,從A-G找出與它們相對應的標題,並將其標號填入語段前括弧內。其中有兩個選項是多餘的。
五、詞語運用(本題有10小題,每小題1分,共10分)
閱讀短文:從方框中選擇適當的詞並用其正確形式填空,使短文意思通順、完整。請將答案寫在短文後相應題號的橫線上。每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。方框中有兩個詞是多餘的。
六、補全對話(5小題,每小題2分,共10分)
根據下面的對話情景,在每個空白處填上一個適當的句子,使對話意義連貫、完整。
七、書面表達(15分)
⑥ 初三英語閱讀理解材料及答案
初三英語閱讀理解材料及答案
初三是中考英語的最後復習和沖刺階段,為了幫助大家在初三備考中考英語,我整理了一些英語閱讀理解,希望能對大家有所幫助!
英語閱讀理解【1】
Some people may think too much sunlight can lead to cancer, so they always keep themselves away from sunlight. But experts believe that proper exposure(暴露) to sunlight is good for us.
For example, scientists think sunlight can help stop some diseases. They say that wearing sunscreen(防曬油) all the time makes the body short of vitamin D.
Vitamin D in fact stops us from more than 25 diseases and keeps bones and teeth healthy. However, around 60% of the population are short of vitamin D in their blood. One of the easiest ways to get it is to expose your skin to sunlight. Your body makes vitamin D from the sun faster than it takes in from food. What’s more, safely getting enough sunlight can make you look younger.
However, not everybody likes sunlight. Some people should not be exposed to the sun without a strong sun protection. Experts advise that just ten minutes of daily exposure to sunlight should be enough to give us vitamin D we need.
1. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Don’t expose to the sun.
B. Proper exposure to sunlight is good for our health.
C. We should stay in the sun as long as possible.
D. We can get vitamin D from food.
2. What will happen if we don’t get enough sunlight for a long time?
A. We will keep away from cancer.
B. We will get many diseases.
C. Our body will be short of vitamin D.
D. We will have more vitamin D in our blood.
3. The proper sunshine can keep our ________ healthy.
A. eyes and skin B. bones and teeth
C. ears and blood D. bones and eyes
4. The underlined phrase “take in” in the passage means “” in Chinese.
A. 吸收 B. 佔用 C. 分享 D. 拿進來
5. Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Scientists think our skin can get vitamin D from sunlight.
B. Most people have enough vitamin D in their blood.
C. Ten minutes of exposure to sunlight every day is enough for us to get vitamin D.
D. Our body gets vitamin D faster from the sun than from food.
參考答案:1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B
英語閱讀理解【2】
Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it, do you know? The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computers together around the world.
Maybe that doesn’t sound very interesting. But when you’ve joined to the Internet, there are lots and lots of things you can do. You can send E-mails to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web (WWW).
There are many different kinds of computers now. They all can be joined to the Internet. Most of them are small machines sitting on people’s desks at home, but there are still many others in schools, offices or large companies. These computers are owned by people and companies, but no one really owns the Internet itself.
There are lots of places for you to go into the Internet. For example, your school may have the Internet. You can use it ring lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the Internet. You are welcome to use it at only time.
Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information you need. You can buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet. But do you know 98% of the information on the Internet is in English? So what will English be like tomorrow?
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Internet. B. Information.
C. Computers. D. E-mails.
2. Which is the quickest and cheapest way to send messages to your friends?
A. By post. B. By E-mail.
C. By telephone. D. By satellite.
3. Which may be the most possible place for people to work in tomorrow?
A. In the office. B. At school.
C. At home. D. In the company.
4. Whose the owner of the Internet?
A. The headmaster. B. The officer.
C. The user. D. No one.
5. What does the writer try to tell us with the last two sentences?
A. English is important in using the Internet.
B. the Internet is more and more popular.
C. Most of the information is in English.
D. Every computer must have the Internet.
參考答案:這是一篇關於 Internet 的說明文,它介紹了什麼是Internet,Internet 的用途,它的貢獻等等。
1. A。主旨題。文章的`每一段都談到了 Internet,所以我們可以推斷文章的主要內容是 Internet。
2. B。細節題。在第2段中談到 You can send E-mail to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds,相比其他選項,E-mail 當然是最快的。
3. C。細節題。最後一段的第2句講到 It’s possible for you to work at home with a computer in front,所以明天我們極有可能 at home 工作了。
4. D。判斷題。根據全文我們得知,我們可以在 school, libraries, home 等地方使用 Internet,所有的擁有者是大家,並不是某一個人或某一行業的從業者。
5. A。推斷題。最後兩句告訴我們:98% of the information on the Internet is in English,也就是說英語在 Internet的應用是非常廣泛,非常重要的,除 A 選項外,沒有一個選項能全部概括這句話的意思。
英語閱讀理解【3】
If you do not use your arm or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(過錯). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受責備), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.
1. The main reason for one is poor memory is that _______.
A. his father or mother may have a poor memory
B. He does not use his name or legs for some time
C. his memory is not often used
D. he can’t read or write
2. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time _______.
A. you can’t use them any more
B. they will become stronger
C. they become weak and won’t become strong until you use them again.
D. they will become neither stronger nor weaker
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.
B. Your memory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don’t give it enough chance for practice.
C. Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.
D. A good memory comes from more practice.
4. Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _______.
A. they have save much trouble
B. they have saved much time to remember things
C. they have to use their memories all the time
D. they can’t write everything in a little notebook
5. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Don’t Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs
B. How To Have a Good Memory
C. Strong Arms And Good Memories
D. Learn From the People
參考答案:1. C。推斷題。根據When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it 可推出答案為C。
2. C。根據 When you start using them again they slowly become strong again 可知答案為C。
3. C。根據文章內容,A、B、D項均正確,只有C項錯誤,所以選擇C。
4. C。根據 This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things 和 …so their memory is the whole time being exercised可知答案為C。
5. B。本文主要講記憶力不是天生的,而是靠後天培養的,所以應該選擇B。
;⑦ 2022年河南省中考英語試題評價
【 #中考# 導語】 無 從鄭州市中等學校招生辦公室了解到,2022年河南省中考英語試題評價已發布,詳細內容如下:
英語試題評價
河南省實驗中學王千山
2022年河南省中考英語試題依據英語課程標准命題,充分考慮了初中英語教學和備考實際,難度適宜,較好地考查了初中學生英語語言綜合運用能力。
一、落實立德樹人,發揮考試育人的導向作用
聽力理解鼓勵學生參加園藝、烹飪、航模、編程和機器人社團活動,注重培養學生熱愛勞動和科學探索的精神;閱讀理解B篇講述了朋友們一起幫助小樹的故事,引導學生構建良好互助的人際關系;語篇填空試題融入中華優秀傳統文化元素,根植家國情懷,增強文化自信;補全對話藉助推介家鄉河南的話題,引導學生關注河南的歷史、文化等,提升學生的家鄉自豪感;閱讀理解C篇介紹了幾種不同的動物睡眠方式,旨在引導學生樹立關愛動物、熱愛自然的意識。
二、突出語篇運用,注重對關鍵能力和思維品質的考查
完形填空問題設置要求學生能准確地分析故事情節脈絡、人物心理變化、人物品質等,同時考查了學生准確運用詞彙的能力。完形填空考查的關鍵能力不僅涉及到句內邏輯推理,還涉及句際、段落間的邏輯推理能力,考查了學生的思維品質。語篇填空情境真實、自然,注重在語篇層面考查學生對語言知識的掌握和靈活運用能力,對英語學習和教學有很好的回撥作用。
閱讀理解要求學生能理解語篇的整體結構和關鍵信息,學生不僅有從文本中直接提取具體細節信息的能力,還要具備歸納、概括、推斷、猜測句義、圖文轉換、主旨要義等高階思維的能力。同時,試題拓寬了考查視角與考查內容,如閱讀理解A篇考查了學生「看」的能力、閱讀理解B篇和閱讀理解C篇側重考查了語篇文體和語篇結構。
三、服務「雙減」工作,體現基礎性、綜合性和應用性
試題注重基礎,強調應用,引導教學減量提質。如書面表達部分,為學生提供了寫作支架,能夠有效緩解學生的寫作壓力,更加全面、真實地體現了學生的書面表達能力。再如補全對話部分,對話情境貼近學生生活實際,語言知識貼近教材,學生有話可說,有內容可表達,滲透了「雙減」背景下對於創新性作業的探索和引導。
頌稿段鄭州外國語中學馮磊
2022年英語試題緊扣時代主題,落實立德樹人根本任務,堅持「價值引領、素養導向、能力為重、知識為基」的原則,充分發揮了中考評價的積極導向作用。
一、依據課程標准命題
試題依據課程標准要求,有效凸顯了對基礎知識和基本技能的考查。試卷結構穩定,難度把握合理。語篇素材以人與自然、人與社會、人與自我三大主題范疇為依託,涉及新媒體語篇、記敘文和說明文等多種體裁。
二、突出評價育人導向
試題積極踐行學科育人理念,促進學生全面發展。完形填空講述學生同齡人如何體貼家人、分擔家庭責任的成長故事,引導學生學會做人、做事;閱讀理解D篇鼓勵學生嘗試詩歌創作,激發學生創造力和想像力,形成健康向上的審美情趣;補全對話圍繞項目式綜合實踐作業這一主題,促進學生實踐能力及社會參與意識的提升。
三、敬盯融入中國文化元素
試題巧妙融入了中華優秀傳統文化,通過引導學生用英語講中國故事,堅定其理想信念,增強文化自信。語篇填空第二節話題為外國人分享個人所喜愛的中國經典名言,補全對話讓學生介紹家鄉河南的地域特色,引導學生在感知與運用語言的過程中厚植家國情懷,增強家鄉自豪感。
四、創設真實任務情境
試題在任務設計方面注重創設與學生學習、生活緊密聯系的真實情境。聽力理解第三節,通過介紹學生熟悉的學校社團活動,培養學生的勞動精野譽神和科技創新意識;閱讀理解A篇以線上學習和過度使用電子產品為背景,引導學生科學用眼,掌握緩解眼疲勞的方法;書面表達創設學習探究情境,學生需要結合個人學習體驗,積極思考閱讀在英語學習中的作用並完成向校刊英文欄目投稿的真實任務。這些試題的情境化設計促進學生主動思考、在真實情境中用英語解決問題的能力。
五、聚焦關鍵能力考查
依據英語學科特點,試題素材以完整語篇為依託,在理解的基礎上體現對文本結構、語篇主題、主旨要義等的考查,強調在語篇層次對文章進行整體理解。閱讀理解B篇需要學生獲取故事主線、分析人物性格、概括篇章主旨以及判斷語篇類型,C篇需要學生對語篇結構進行梳理等;語篇填空第一節,在語篇層面考查學生對詞法、句法和語篇知識的掌握及運用情況。這些試題有助於引導學生在解決問題的過程中,提升語言綜合運用能力。
2022年英語試題將核心價值、學科素養、關鍵能力和必備知識等內容的考查有機結合,注重基礎性、綜合性、應用性和創新性考查要求的協調統一,無偏題、怪題,體現了平穩平和的特點,對一線教學有積極的引導作用。
2002年河南駐馬店中考歷史真題及答案 2002年河南周口中考歷史真題及答案 2002年河南許昌中考歷史真題及答案 2002年河南信陽中考歷史真題及答案 2002年河南新鄉中考歷史真題及答案 2002年河南商丘中考歷史真題及答案 查看中考全部文檔資源 >>
⑧ 初中英語閱讀理解常見題型及答題技巧
初中英語閱讀理解常見題型及答題技巧
中考閱讀理解不僅是令很多考生感到頭痛的題型,也是最能拉開考生分數差距的題型。曾經就有人用"成也閱讀,敗也閱讀"來形容中考閱讀,足可見其重要性。通過對近幾年中考試卷的研究發現,中考閱讀理解的主要考查方式其實只有兩種:主觀題型和客觀題型。關於這一點我們稍後再做詳細介紹。我們先來了解一下中考所考查文章的體裁與內容,通過對近幾年中考試卷的總結研究,中考閱讀理解對於體裁的考查較多樣,多為記敘文、說明文、應用文,有時也會考議論文。總之對於體裁的考查不會太單一。而文章的題材內容也比較豐富,一般會有小故事、日常生活事件、報刊雜志內容、文化習俗、名人軼事等。
首先,我們分析客觀題的題目設置。主要有三種形式:一、細節題;二、概括題;三、推測題。那麼,什麼是細節題呢?就是那些考查文章中有關事情發生的具體細節的題目,如:時間、地點、人物、事件經過、方式、結果等;什麼是概括題呢,就是從文章的整體層面上設置的一類綜合性題目,如:為文章選擇一個恰當的題目、推測本文作者想要表達的中心思想以及寫作目的等;最後一種推測題是這幾種題型中難度最大的,它需要建立在對整篇文章內容熟悉掌握的基礎上,主要出題形式有根據文章的上下文,猜測某一個單詞或者短語在該情景中的具體含義,根據所給的部分文章內容,推測文章的結尾等。
了解了客觀題的出題規律,接下來就是解題技巧了。
首先,一般題目的出題模式都是一個段落出一道題,因此,同學們做題時可以按照這個思路,一段一段的向下找答案。對於做題前先看題目還是先讀文章,這是一個仁者見仁智者見智的問題,同學們可以根據自己的閱讀習慣進行選擇。如果是先讀文章的話,在通讀文章的過程中一定要有意識地把一些關鍵詞句用鉛筆(tips:一定要用鉛筆,而且做完題一定要用橡皮擦掉)勾畫下來,以便答題時能迅速准確的找到相應的答案。如果考試時間緊張的話,最好的辦法就是先讀題,帶著問題根據每一段開頭的主題句,到相應的`段落中尋找答案。
接下來我們分析主觀題的題目設置。主要有兩種形式:一、根據課文內容回答問題;二、根據文章內容完成表格,翻譯文章中的句子。對於這兩種題型,我們應該如何解決呢?首先,有的問題的答案可以直接在文章中找到,但是需要我們足夠的細心以及足夠的耐心,讀文章不能一帶而過,一目十行。對於那些需要我們將有關信息重新組合的題目,一定要細心思考,涵蓋所有信息。另外,有的問題還需要我們表達自己的觀點,切記一定要結合文章的整體內容方向進行總結,再簡單明了地表述出來。同學們在做這類題目的時候需要注意以下幾點:1.回答不宜多多益善,而要言簡意賅,一針見血;2. 無論是英譯漢還是漢譯英,都要符合各自語言的表達方式以及表達習慣,不能逐字逐句的強翻。
看到這里,也許有的同學會說,這些方法都太晦澀,有沒有一些實際可行的從零開始的方法來提高自己的閱讀成績呢?答案是肯定的。同學們只要堅持以下幾點,提高閱讀能力是絕對沒有問題的。
一、多練習。 理論再多再精彩終究不能做對題,"紙上談兵"永遠不如"投入實戰重要";
二、要有耐心。 閱讀需要耗費大量的時間與精力,同時也需要你有足夠的耐心。雖然過程是痛苦的,但只要你堅持下去,終會有苦盡甘來的一天。
三、掌握一定的閱讀方法與技巧。 在進行閱讀的時候不要逐字讀文章,遇到生詞就先跳過去。你不認識的單詞別人也不一定都認識,而且這個單詞很有可能是不會影響那你理解文章的,因為對於那些能夠影響文章理解又超出大綱要求的單詞,出題人一般都會給出漢語注釋的。
四、不論是對於主觀題的考查還是客觀題的考查,都是建立在對文章內容的理解上的 ,因此,我們在閱讀時必須把它看作一個整體,在理解全文大意的前提下有針對性地挖掘一些所需的細節內容。
總而言之,掌握一定的閱讀技巧和方法固然重要,但要想在閱讀理解這一重要知識板塊取得高分,還必須經過堅持不懈的努力。閱讀理解需要扎實的語言基礎以及熟練的語言能力,而扎實的語言基礎來自平時嚴格的基本功訓練,熟練的語言能力來自長期的知識積累以及運用。俗話說:"冰凍三尺,非一日之寒"。只要平時刻苦努力,打下扎實的英語基礎知識,再加上科學的解題方法,閱讀理解不失分就不再是一個遙不可及的夢想了。