高考全國卷英語閱讀理解
㈠ 2022年高考英語全國甲卷 - 閱讀理解B
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a "keyhole" in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped "keys" to choese from. Inserting the correct "key" would let out the nut.
戈芬的鳳頭鸚鵡是一種原產於澳大拉西亞的小鸚鵡，它的形狀識別能力相當於兩歲兒童。盡管野外的這些鳥不知道使用工具，但事實證明，在籠中長大彎吵的可以熟練使用。最近的一次實驗中，給鳳頭鸚鵡一個盒子，盒子里有一顆堅果。盒子正面有一個幾何形狀的「鑰匙孔」，給這些鳥五個不同形狀的「鑰匙」讓它們從中選擇。插入正確的「鑰匙」堅果會掉出來。
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an "allocentric frame of reference". In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
人純槐類的嬰兒大約一歲左右就可以在圓孔中放入圓形物品，但要想在對稱性較差的情況下也能做到這一點，還需要一年的時間。這種能夠識別形狀需要朝特定方向轉動才能匹配的能力被稱為「異中心參照系」。在實驗中，戈芬的鳳頭鸚鵡能夠在大多數情況下僅通過視覺識別來選擇合適的工具。經過反復試驗，類似的測試中，鳳頭鸚鵡比猴子表現更好。這表明，當在空中移動物體時，戈芬的鳳頭鸚鵡確實具有異中心參照系，類似於兩歲的嬰兒。
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
根據研究人員的說法，下一步是嘗試確定做鬧友鳳頭鸚鵡是完全依賴視覺線索，還是在選擇形狀時也使用觸覺。
㈡ 2021年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解A
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
世界上最大的體育場
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A.Q., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium are continues to inform contemporary design. Rome』s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city』s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
從古希臘時代起，人們就開始湧入體育場。大約公元前8世紀，羅馬人建造了羅馬競技場，它仍然是世界上最著名的體育場，並繼續為當代設計提供參考。羅馬斗獸場高157英尺，有80個入口，可容納5萬人。然而，與該市容納約25萬人的馬克西姆斯馬戲團相比，這只是小菜一碟。
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan』s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
如今，安全法規（更不用說現代體育迷對良好視野和舒適座位的渴望）往往要求體育場容量小一些。就連足球迷也傾向於每人都有一個座位；數千人站著觀看比賽的日子一去不復返了。
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
對於世界上最大的體育場，我們使用了迄今為止由World Atlas提供的數據，以下是根據其規定的永久容量的排名以及來自官方體育場網站的最新信息。
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
所有這些體育場都仍在運行、開放，舉辦世界最大的體育賽事。
㈢ 2022年高考英語全國甲卷 - 閱讀理解C
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
吉妮·巴茲林頓到達南極洲時，一群渴望問好的小巴布亞企鵝向她打招呼。這些溫柔可愛的看門人歡迎她，開始了一段吉妮永遠難忘的旅程。
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
現年71歲的吉妮從小就熱愛旅行。在她的職業舞蹈生涯中，曾在英國巡迴演出，一直渴望繼續探險。當她從舞蹈中退休，兒子們最終各自成家立業後，決定是時候冒險了。
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."
在奇切斯特大學獲得相關藝術學位後，吉妮開始周遊世界，最終在日本和智利找到了教英語的工作。她發現，在智利，她可以在最後一刻買到從南美大陸最南端火地島出發前往南極洲的便宜船票。「我只是想去，」她說，「我不知道在那裡會發現什麼，我也不緊張，我只是想去。我想一個人去，因為我總是喜歡這樣。」
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."
2008年3月，吉妮登上一艘載有48名乘客的船，開啟了她從未經歷的南極洲之旅。「從看野生動物到看日出，整個過程令人驚嘆。南極洲給我留下了獨一無二的印象，」吉妮說，「我記得我第一次看到座頭鯨時，它就像史前生物一樣從水中浮出水面，我認為它在向我們微笑。你還可以聽見它在水下發出的歌劇般的聲音。」
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
認識到這是一塊寶貴的土地，應該受到人類的尊重，這就是對吉妮來說最重要的事情之一。
㈣ 2021全國高考英語一卷D篇閱讀理解辨析
2021全國高考英語一卷D篇閱讀理解
試題文本第一段：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person』s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and 「people skills.」 Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
原文節選第一段對照：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
1. 本段關鍵信息詞彙：changed, popularization, original, misunderstand, makeup, far beyond, skill-based，but,
a. Popularization: 為大眾所普遍接受的（對普通公眾有吸引力的行為、或者現象）
b.makeup: 取含義 （N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格）Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.
There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.
他的性格有致命的缺陷，隨著時間的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者變得漠然。
2. 黑體詞部分從語篇思維角度可能會是影響閱讀理解的關鍵詞，也可能是命題題點所需要支持的信息詞。
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person』s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person』s positive qualities.
本題題干提問信息詞彙：misunderstanding。相對應上面2提到的閱讀以及命題關鍵詞：misunderstood。本題的四個選項對這一部分進行了paraphrase，干擾項把原文信息進行了相反的paraphrase，正確項貌似對信息almost everything desirable 進行了paraphrase：It refers to a person』s positive qualities.但事實上，desirable 和positive 是兩個具有不同性質的修飾類形容詞。兩者嚴謹來講不能同指同一事物。此處，答案選擇D。
文本第一段命題人修改了兩個信息詞distorted—changed；equate—misunderstood。這兩對詞彙的替換是否恰當，供讀者們探討。本觀點認為有欠妥當，因為欠妥當，引起32題的設計結合原文讓人感覺不地道。Distort相似與misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很難語義相關。
考試文本第二段：We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
1.標色部分為「第二段」的試題文本和原文改動詞彙對比。試題文本被認為在此處劃分了另一段落。是否符合語篇寫作形式邏輯，需要從寫作技巧上進行具體分析。
2.事實上，define無需改為describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改為good or bad purposes已經改變了，原作者的寫作意圖，兩者含義區別很大，會給讀者造成一定的思維干擾。perceive,understand,know這樣的替換還是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find, client/ patient,whereas/while, con artist/cheater的替換也可以接受。Ethical 應該是課標詞彙，無需修改。
3.「The ability< to accurately understand how others are feeling >may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. 」這是一個復雜句子，the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此處還是覺得原詞更好）表示「指定性轉折對比」，醫生可以用以對症治療，騙子也可能拿來行騙。得出結論：有情商的人群可能是具有兩面性的分類人群。
33. Why does the author mention 「doctor」 and 「cheater」 in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
此題屬於細節理解題。理解了原文信息就可以讀懂題干。但是選項信息區別性不是太大，命題人從主觀角度給出D為標准答案。比較起來，D為最佳。AC並沒有原則上的非正確性的信息支持。
考試文本第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being.
原文對照：Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
雖然關於情商的流行（大眾化）觀點遠遠超出了研究所能提供的合理支持（論證），但宣傳的總體效果是利大於弊。
a.run far ahead of :遠遠跑在前面。此處語境指「遠遠超過」。
b.publicity n.(媒體的)關注，宣傳，報道;宣傳業;廣告宣傳工作;傳播工作
2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
這種普及(媒體宣傳形成的人們的普遍認知）最積極的方面是僱主、教育工作者和其他關心促進社會福利的人對情感的一種新的和急需的強化。
試題文本第四段：
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
原文對照：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.
此處research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替換意義不是很大，原文詞彙更加貼切達意。
1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及幫助公眾和研究者重新評估情感的功能以及它們如何在日常生活中適應性地為人們服務。
34. What is the author』s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
詢問作者情感態度的試題一般可以通過文章信息獲得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的態度是肯定的。
試題文本第五段：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
雖然情緒智力的持續流行的吸引力是可取的，我們希望這種關注將激發對情緒的科學和學術研究的更大興趣。
2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
我們希望在未來的幾十年裡，科學的進步將提供新的視角以此來研究人們如何管理（引領）自己的生活。此處，原文當中的navigate要比修改後的manage更能表達意義。
3.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商，以其對頭腦和心靈的關注，可能會為我們指明正確的方向。
原文對照：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
此題的命題點屬於對段落大意進行概括，關聯關鍵詞「hope,will，may」, 鏈接答案中的expectations。D項的語言表述是有問題的。B項可以改為：Expectations for future studies on it. C項可以改為：The practical application on it.
總結：本文是節選。文章基本表意完整。選取這一部分視角和普通關於情商的認知有一定的差異性。也正是這種認知差異性使得本文通過英語傳達的思想略有難度。文本有一些復雜句，但整體句式整齊，沒有偏怪句式，不會產生明顯的句式語言障礙。當然，也會對學生的基本語法習得情況有一定的區分度。試題命制中規中矩。試題文本被命題人劃分為5段，從文法角度是否嚴謹科學有待考證。建議語篇分析此文時酌情科學進行。
試卷試題：
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person』s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person』s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention 「doctor」 and 「cheater」 in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
34. What is the author』s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
原文鏈接：http://eqi.org/salov2.htm Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter
節選原文：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction
㈤ 2021年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解D
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction in his open office, he said, 「That』s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
在為我的一本書接受采訪時，采訪者說了一些我仍然經常想到的話。因為對開放式辦公室分心的程度感到惱火，他說，「這就是為什麼我在街對面的共用空間擁有會員資格——這樣我就能集中精力。」他的說法讓我感到奇怪。畢竟，共用空間通常也使用開放式辦公室布局。不過我最近看到了一項研究，才明白他的方案為什麼有效。
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels,70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
研究人員在參與者完成創造性思維測試時，檢查了他們身上不同程度的噪音。他們被隨機分為四組，暴露在不同的背景噪音水平下，從完全安靜到50分貝、70分貝和85分貝。大多組之間的差異沒有統計學意義；然而，在70分貝組中，那些暴露在類似於咖啡館背景聊天的噪音水平下的參與者明顯優於其他組。由於影響很小，這可能表明我們的創造性思維對完全安靜和85分貝的背景噪音的反應沒有太大差異。
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one』s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
但由於70分貝的結果顯著，這項研究還表明，適當的背景噪音水平——不要太大，也不要完全安靜——實際上可能會提高一個人的創造性思維能力。適當的背景噪音可能會干擾我們正常的思維模式，足以讓我們的想像力四處發散，而不會讓我們無法集中注意力。這種「注意力分散」似乎是從事創造性任務的最佳狀態。
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others』 conversations while we』re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
那麼，為什麼我們中有這么多人討厭開放式辦公室呢？問題可能是，在我們的辦公室里，當我們努力集中注意力時，我們無法阻止自己被其他人的談話所吸引。事實上，研究人員發現，面對面的互動和對話會影響創作過程，而一個共用空間或咖啡館在提供一定程度的噪音的同時，也提供了免受干擾的自由。
㈥ 2022年高考英語全國乙卷 - 閱讀理解C
Can a small group of drones guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
一小群無人機扮沖兄可以保證鐵路的安全和可靠性，同時幫助鐵路運營商每年節省數十億歐元嗎？這就是應用當今「空中之眼」技術確保全世界數百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎設施全天候安全的廳襲未來。
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.
無人機已經被用來檢查高壓電線。它們可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎設施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌判虛道和變軌點的正確位置。越是定期檢查，鐵路的安全性、可靠性和准時性就越高。全面削減成本，提高運營效率。
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
這可以節省大量維護成本，更好地保護鐵路人員安全。據計算，僅歐洲鐵路維護每年就要花費約200億歐元，包括派遣維護人員（通常在夜間）檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施。這是件危險的工作，無人機協助工作人員則可以避免。
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
通過使用最新技術，無人機還可以開始為鐵路提供更高價值的服務，在鐵路或道岔出現任何安全問題之前檢測出故障。為了執行這些任務，鐵路無人機不需要在頭頂飛行。工程師們現在正在研究一個新概念：未來的軌道無人機。它們將在列車前方的軌道上移動，編制好程序自動運行。配備先進感測器和人工智慧的微型無人機可以像副駕駛一樣引導列車前行。憑借它們的前瞻能力，它們可以發出任何問題的信號，以便快速行駛的列車能夠及時做出反應。
㈦ 1999年高考英語全國卷 - 閱讀理解E
When a group of children politely stop a conversation with you, saying:「We have to go to work now,」 you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools and that the work「they go off」 is to go on the stage in a theater.
當一群孩子禮貌地停止與你的對話，說：「我們現在得去上班了，」你會感到驚訝，當然也會感到不安。畢竟，現吵昌在是20世紀90年代，孩子們工作的想法是不可想像的，直到他們告訴你他們都是舞台學校的學生，「他們要去做」的工作就是在劇院的舞台上表演。
Stage schools often act as agencies to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name 「stage school」 are those few places where children attend full time, with training for the theatre and a general ecation.
舞台學校經常充當中介機構為孩子們提供舞台和電視工作。更應該稱之為「舞台學校」的是少數幾個為孩子們提供全日制學習的地方，包括戲劇培訓和常規教育。
A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn't settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?
毫無疑問，參觀這樣的學校，你會發現孩子們很開心。畢竟，活潑的孩子怎麼會滿足於只花半天時間做普通學校的作業，另半天時間表演、唱歌或跳舞呢？
Then of course there is time for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year and those over 13 to 80 days.
當然，孩子們還有機會在一些大型演出中露臉並賺點小錢。一些舞台學校在孩子很小的時候就給他們提供了非常多的專業工作，但法律嚴格限制可以做的工作數量。13歲升鋒扒以下的孩子一年基缺只能做40天，而13以上的孩子一年可以做80天。
The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don't make it? While all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case.
學校承認，並不是所有的孩子都能在他們正在接受的職業中取得成功。那麼，那些沒有成功的孩子會怎樣呢？雖然所有主要的學校都說他們非常重視孩子取得好的學習成績，但事實似乎表明，情況並非總是如此。
㈧ 2020年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解C
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn』t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion enthusiast are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria.
當你想給環保人士的假日購物清單增加些什麼時，你可能不會想到皮毛。但是一些生態學家和時尚發燒友們正試圖恢復海狸鼠皮毛的市場。
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. 「It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur – unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,」 says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
新奧爾良和布魯克林的不同尋常時裝秀展示了海狸鼠皮毛製成的不同風格的服裝。「談論沒有罪惡感的皮毛聽起來很瘋狂——除非你知道海狸鼠每年都在破壞大片濕地，」Righteous Fur（正義皮毛）項目總監克里·麥克里說。
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
路易斯安那州的科學家非常擔心，他們決定付給獵人每尾5美元。一些皮毛最終出現在時裝秀上，比如上個月布魯克林的時裝秀。
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. 「The ecosystem down there can』t handle this non-native species. It』s destroying the environment. It』s them or us,」 says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
海狸鼠是皮毛農場主從阿根廷帶到這里並放生的。「那裡的生態系統無法應對這種非本土物種，它正在破壞環境」，這一領域的專家邁克爾·馬西米說。
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
幾十年來，皮毛貿易一直控制著海狸鼠數量，但是20世紀80年代末海狸鼠市場崩潰後，這些貓一樣大小的動物瘋狂繁殖。
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it』s not easy to convince people that people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton』s job these days is trying to promote fur.
生物學家埃德蒙·莫頓負責路易斯安那州的海狸鼠控制。他說要讓人們相信海狸鼠皮是綠色的並不容易，但他對此毫無疑問。獵人們每年帶來超過30萬條海狸鼠尾巴，所以莫頓現在的部分工作就是推廣皮毛。
Then there』s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,「To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them – I think that』s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.」 Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She』s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
還有Righteous Fur和它不同尋常的時尚。模特佩奇·摩根說，「給人們一個沒有罪惡感的選擇，讓他們可以穿著，而不用被人往身上潑油漆——我認為這將是一件大事，至少在紐約是這樣。」設計師詹妮弗·安德森承認，她花了一段時間才意識到，用海狸鼠皮製作作品在道德上是可以接受的。她正嘗試給海狸鼠時尚貼上環保標簽。