英語閱讀與理解作者觀點
❶ 職稱英語解題技巧:領會作者的觀點、意圖和態度
與掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意類似,領會作者的觀點、意圖和態度也是閱讀理解題中較難解答的問題。回答這類題首先要在閱讀過程中注意體會和覺察作者的觀點、意圖和態度。這種信息有時是直接表達的,但更多的是間接、含蓄的流露。不過,作者的這種主觀情感和態度往往和全文的主題和要點相關聯。所以,在根據主題和主旨的同時,應注意揣測作者的觀點、意圖和態度。
下面是這類題的一些常用的提問方式:
1. The author's main purpose in this passage is
2. The author's purpose of writing this passage is __
3. In this passage the author's attitude toward ...could best be described as
4. What is the author's attitude toward
5. The author's main thought is that __
6. The author probably feels that
7. The author appears to feel that
8. Which of the following does the author want to illustrate in discussing ...?
9. In this passage the author looks on ... with an attitude of
10. What is the tone of the passage?
11. What is the author's opinion about ...?
12. The author uses the example of... to show that ________
例1
I entered the hotel manager』s office and sat down. I had just lost £50 and I felt very upset. "I left the money in my room," I said, "and it's not there now." The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. "Everyone's losing money these days." he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained £50. "I found this outside this gentleman's room." she said. "Well, "I said to the manager, "there is still some honesty in this world!"
1. What did the writer believe had happened to his money?
A. He had left his money in the manager's office.
B. Someone had stolen his money.
C. The manager had the money.
D. The girl had stolen the money.
作者說:「I left the money in my room,and it』s not there now」,這句話的含義就是 「He believed that someone had stolen his money」。因此,選項B是正確答案。
例2
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on indivial tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encour~/ge our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
1. In the passage the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is ________
A. critical B. questioning
C. approving D. objective
本題考核學生是否讀懂作者對混合編班的態度。要回答該問題,首先要清楚四個選項的不同含義。選項A表示作者持「批評的」態度,選項B表示作者持「懷疑的」態度,選項C表示作者持「贊同的」態度,選項D表示作者持「客觀的」態度。根據文章的第一段內容,可以看出作者是持「贊同的」態度,所用的人稱代詞也是we,因此答案是選項C。如果是持「客觀的」態度的話,則人稱代詞不會用we。
2. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's _______.
A. personal qualities and social skills
B. total personality
C. learning ability and communicative skills
D. intellectual ability
本題要求根據文章的意思推測作者的觀點。根據第二段的內容,可以看出學生的total personality(總體素質)包括了academic ability or intellectual ability, personal qualities和 social skills。也就是說這些能力都是total personality的方方面面。再看一下這一段的第二;三兩句,可以得出正確的答案應該是選項8。其他幾個選項的意思都不全面,都不能反映作者的充分開發學生的全面能力的主張。
3. The author』s purpose of writing this passage is to______.
A. argue for teaching bright and not—SO-bright pupils in the same class
B. recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities
C. offer advice on the proper use of the library
D. emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
本題要求讀者了解作者寫這篇文章的意圖是什麼。文章討論了兩種上課的方式: streaming pupils把學生按能力分班進行教學,和mixed—ability teaching把程度不齊的學生混班上課。並對比列舉了前者的弊端和後者的種種優點。因此A項是正確的答案。而選項B、c、D中提到的幾種做法均為mixed.ability teachin9的具體做法,都不能看做是作者寫這篇文章的目的。這個題目要看懂全文才能夠答對。
❷ 英語閱讀理解表示作者觀點的形容詞有哪些
態度觀點信號詞:
論點:認為,相信: argue , argument , believe , suppose, think , be convinced that [相信] ,
hold the belief that … , have a notion that …,view…as , regard….as , see…as, consider….to be, reckon [算作,設想],
論據: for example , for instance ,specifically, take… as an example
like , such as … , Imagine …. ,
調查研究:investigation , inquiry [hold aninquiry into a case對一個案子進行調查]
research, study, survey, report , questionnaire[調查問卷],measurement ,
調查研究結果:
得出結論: conclude that … ,come to a conclusion that …. ,
draw a conclusion that …
表明,發現: show , suggest , demonstrate ,manifest [清楚地顯示或表示]
display, find , find out, discover, reveal , prove
indicate, imply,
預測、預報、預言: forecast , foretell, foresee, predict
表示贊同: agree, appreciate意識到, 懂得 , approve贊成、批准, consent to同意
表示反對: against , disagree, disapprove,dissent from, object to ,
be opposed to反對
表示事實: belief , fact , reality, truth
表示理論,設想:assumption , theory, hypothesis [假設]
表示目的: to do, aim at, for the sake of , for ,serve as, in favor of [有利於],
for the purpose of, intend to do ,
論據中常見專家名稱:
expert , specialist , professor , associate professor [副教授], sociologist [社會學家],economist,linguist[語言學家],consultant [顧問] psychologist [心理學家],
behaviorist [行為學家],philosopher[哲學家] , anthropologist [人類學家],
archaeologist [考古學家]
邏輯信號詞-路標詞
1,表示因果的
原因:後接句子 --- Because, since , as , for
後接片語 --- because of , thanks to由於,多虧 , owing to 由於, 因...之緣故, e to , as a result of 作為結果,
by/in virtue of [由於]
* The movie touched me by virtue of its story.
結果: so(that), accordingly[因此]; as a result;consequently; for this
(that)reason; hence; therefore
此外:表因果的特色詞彙
比如A 是因,B是果:Greenhouse effect is responsible for weather change
A account for / be responsible for B
Acause / lead to / result in / bring about / bring on / trigger /give riseto B
2,表示轉折的
「但是,然而」:but , however; yet , nevertheless, whereas
「盡管,雖然」:後接句子 --- although , though, even though , while ,#
notwithstanding
後接片語 --- despite; in spite of
「相反地」: conversely[相反地] ; on the contrary;
「另一方面」: on the other hand;
3,表示比較的
by comparison ; in contrast (相比之下); in the sameway; similarly
4,表示遞進的
also; besides; furthermore; in addition; in particular(特別地)more importantly; moreover; What』s more
5,表示概括的
in brief; in conclusion; in short; in a word , in sum; to sum up; on thewhole , to conclude
6.表示並列:
and , or , at the same time, meanwhile , as well as
一、態度詞彙總
1.積極:approving 贊許的,,optimistic 樂觀的, sympathetic 同情的, consent 贊成
2.消極:negative否定的,消極的,反面的,pessimistic 悲觀的,apprehensive 憂慮的,reserved 有保留的,內向的,arbitrary武斷的, biased有偏見的,偏心的, partial 不公平的, critical持批評態度的, depressing 令人沮喪的,disappointing令人失望的, doubtful懷疑的, object反對, be opposed to/opposing反對的, scared驚恐的,panick恐慌, sensitive敏感的,subjective主觀的, suspicious懷疑的
3.中性:objective 客觀的,impartial 公平的, unbiased公正的
4. 情緒:anger憤怒, indignant 憤怒的r, happy高興的, contempt輕視, gloomy沮喪的
5.其它: surprized驚奇的, amazed驚奇的, puzzled迷惑的, ambiguous模稜兩可的, neutral中立的,indifferent漠不關心的, subjective 主觀的
6.對態度的修飾詞:reserved有保留的, cautiously謹慎地, enthusiatic熱烈的, strong強烈的, radical激進的
二、態度詞分析
1.可能的態度:
考研閱讀考的的態度有兩種,一種是作者,另一是非作者的其它人。就作者而言,主要是表明對事物的觀點看法,於是有:正面的各種支持,負面的各種反對;說到兩種觀點時還有很可能是客觀中立;還有少量的驚奇、擔心等。而非作者的其它人,對某事物還可能是某種情緒,如憤怒、輕視等。
2.不可能的態度:
Subjective: 說一個人的態度是主觀的,如同說一個人的歷史是「已經過去的」——廢話。態度不可能是「客觀的」,注意objective作為正確答案時的「客觀」實際意思是「不偏不倚」,而不是與「主觀「相對的「客觀」。總之,subjective不可能正確。
Indifferent: 如果作者對某事物漠不關心,哪來這么多廢話?以下是就作者而言不可能的態度,因為作者的態度就是文章的觀點,而文章的觀點顯然在選到考試里的時候會經過過濾:有問題的文章不會入選。所以會有下面的技巧。作者態度永不錯誤:也就是說作者的態度不可能是明顯錯誤的。如果作者的觀點明顯partial或者incorrect, 這篇文章不會入選社會主義制度下的考研或任何一種考試。因為作者的態度就是文章的觀點。激烈的enthusiastic, strongly等:觀點比較溫和,才符合我們的價值取向,不走極端。與之相對應,如reserved,cautiously存活率才更高。應當容易理解。作者對事不對人:情緒化的東西如對人的憤怒、輕視等也不會是作者的態度。
positive adj.肯定的,實際的,積極的,,確實的
favorable adj.贊成的,有利的,贊許的,良好的
approval n.贊成,承認,正式批准
enthusiasm n.狂熱,熱心,積極性
supportive adj.支持的,支援的
defensive為……而辯護
negative adj.否定的,消極的,負的,陰性的
disapproval不贊成
objection異議
opposition反對
critical批評的
criticism批評批判
disgust vi.令人厭惡,令人反感vt.使作嘔
warning
detestation n.憎惡,厭惡的人,嫌惡
indignation憤慨
contempt n.輕視,輕蔑,恥辱,不尊敬
compromising n.妥協,折衷v.妥協,折衷
worried adj.悶悶不樂的,焦慮的
suspicion n.猜疑,懷疑
suspicious adj.(~of)可疑的,懷疑的
doubt
doubtful adj.可疑的,不確的,疑心的
question
puzzling adj.使迷惑的,使莫明其妙的
objective adj.客觀的
neutral adj.中立的
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的
disinterested adj.無私的
imprejudiced adj.沒有偏見的
unbiased adj.沒有偏見的
unprejudiced adj.公平的,無偏見的,沒有成見的
detached不含個人偏見的
subjective adj.主觀的,個人的
indifference n.不關心
tolerance n.寬容,容忍,忍受
pessimism n.悲觀,悲觀主義
gloomy adj.黑暗的,陰沉的,令人沮喪的,陰郁的
optimistic adj.樂觀的
sensitive有感覺的,敏感[銳]的,易受傷害的
scared adj.恐懼的
reserved adj.保留的,包租的
consent vi.同意,贊成,答應n.同意,贊成,允諾
radical adj.激進的
moderate adj.中等的,適度的,適中的v.緩和
mild adj.溫和的,溫柔的,淡味的,輕微的,適度的
ironic adj.說反話的,諷刺的
confused adj.困惑的,煩惱的
amazed adj.吃驚的,驚奇的
worried
concerned adj.關心的,有關的
apprehensive adj.擔憂,擔心
mixed喜憂參半
biased有偏見的
indignant adj.憤怒的,憤慨的
objective客觀的
concerned關注的
confident adj.自信的,確信的
interested adj.感興趣的,有成見的,有權益的
optimistic adj.樂觀的
positive正面的
impressive adj.給人深刻印象的,感人的
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的
neutral中立的
impersonal adj.非個人的
factual adj.事實的,實際的,根據事實的
detached不含個人偏見的
negative消極的
indifferent漠不關心的
depressed消沉的
subjective主觀的
pessimistic悲觀的
unconcerned不關心的
contemptuous adj.輕蔑的,侮辱的
hostile adj.敵對的,敵方的
biased片面的
一、肯定詞
positive adj.肯定的,實際的,積極的,確實的
favorable adj.贊成的,有利的,贊許的,良好的
approval n.贊成,承認,正式批准
enthusiasm n.狂熱,熱心,積極性
supportive adj.支持的,支援的
defensive為……而辯護
二、否定詞
negative adj.否定的,消極的,負的,陰性的
disapproval不贊成
objection異議
opposition反對
critical批評的
criticism批評批判
disgust vi.令人厭惡,令人反感vt.使作嘔
detestation n.憎惡,厭惡的人,嫌惡
indignation憤慨
contempt n.輕視,輕蔑,恥辱,不尊敬
compromising n.妥協,折衷v.妥協,折衷
worried adj.悶悶不樂的,焦慮的
三、懷疑
suspicion n.猜疑,懷疑
suspicious adj.(~of)可疑的,懷疑的
doubt v.懷疑
doubtful adj.可疑的,不確的,疑心的
question v.懷疑
puzzling adj.使迷惑的,使莫明其妙的
四、客觀詞(即好的壞的都說,選的可能性極大)
objective adj.客觀的
neutral adj.中立的
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的
disinterested adj.無私的
imprejudiced adj.沒有偏見的
unbiased adj.沒有偏見的
unprejudiced adj.公平的,無偏見的,沒有成見的
detached 不含個人偏見的
五、主觀詞
subjective adj.主觀的,個人的
indifference n.不關心
tolerance n.寬容,容忍,忍受
pessimism n.悲觀,悲觀主義
gloomy adj.黑暗的,陰沉的,令人沮喪的,陰郁的
optimistic adj.樂觀的
sensitive有感覺的,敏感[銳]的,易受傷害的
scared adj.恐懼的
reserved adj.保留的,包租的
consent vi.同意,贊成,答應n.同意,贊成,允諾
radical adj.激進的
moderate adj.中等的,適度的,適中的v.緩和
mild adj.溫和的,溫柔的,淡味的,輕微的,適度的
ironic adj.說反話的,諷刺的
confused adj.困惑的,煩惱的
amazed adj.吃驚的,驚奇的
concerned adj.關心的,有關的
apprehensive adj.擔憂,擔心
mixed喜憂參半
biased有偏見的
indignant adj.憤怒的,憤慨的
六、積極詞
objective客觀的
concerned關注的
confident adj.自信的,確信的
interested adj.感興趣的,有成見的,有權益的
optimistic adj.樂觀的
positive正面的
impressive adj.給人深刻印象的,感人的
七、中立/折中
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的
neutral adj.中立的
impersonal adj.非個人的
factual adj.事實的,實際的,根據事實的
detached 不含個人偏見的
八、消極詞(這類詞通常不是解的選項)
negative 消極的
indifferent 漠不關心的
depressed 消沉的
subjective 主觀的
pessimistic 悲觀的
unconcerned 不關心的
contemptuous adj.輕蔑的,侮辱的
hostile adj.敵對的,敵方的
biased 片面的
❸ 做英語閱讀題時,該怎樣做才能最快地理解全文並找到答案
英語學習是很多學生頭疼的事情,特別是由於閱讀題是很多學生的攔路虎,在此,我有以下幾條建議幫助學生最快的理解全文並找到答案。
❹ 英語閱讀中態度類問題理解技巧
英語閱讀中態度類問題理解技巧
閱讀能力的是高中英語教學中一個非常重要的組成部分,是核心內容之一。閱讀能力的高低直接影響學生運用英語的能力。下面是我分享的英語閱讀中態度類問題理解技巧,一起來看一下吧。
關於作者的態度類問題(Attitude)
閱讀理解的'最後一題常常提問在作者對文章中某一問題的態度(Attitude)、全文的基調(Tone)、文章的出處(Source)及對文章前後接續內容的判斷等。
關於態度或基調(Attitude/Tone)類題的回答應從篇章的體裁著手,一般來說,在說明文中作者的態度是客觀的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在議論文中,作者的觀點才會顯得多種多樣,常風的選項有:
(1) positive(積極的)
(2) negative(消極的)
(3) neutral(中立的)
(4) approval(贊成的)
(5) disapproval(不贊成的)
(6) indifferent(漠不關心的)
(7) sarcastic(諷刺的)
(8) critical(批評的)
(9) optimistic(樂觀的)
(10) pessimistic(悲觀的)
引類問題的幾種提問方式
(1)What』s the writer』s attitude to …?
(2)What』s the tone of the passage?
(3)The author』s view is _______
(4)The writer』s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________
(5)The author suggests that _________
(6)According to author __________
有文章中,作者觀點明確,文章基調清楚,而有的文章中,作者僅僅暗示對某一問題的態度和觀點,需要閱讀時仔細琢磨。解答這類問題時,首先應請注意篇章中起連接手段作用的那些詞語;其次應注意有些表明作者觀點詞彙,如形容詞、動詞等。
對文章的出處及文章前後接續內容判斷等可從全篇著手,從個別句子或詞彙找線索進行判斷。
Example :
I am not so na?ve ,however ,as to believe that sex is responsible for this unfortunate situation of the American woman. I am not a feminist , but I am an indivialist. I do not believe there is any important difference between men and women. certainly not as much as there may be between one woman and another or one man and an-other. There are plenty of women and men, for that matter who would be completely fulfilled in being allowed to be as lazy as possible. If someone will ensconce them in a pleasant home and pay their bills, they ask no more of life. It is quite all right for these men and women to live thus so long as fools can be found who will pay so much for nothing much in return. Gigolos , male and female, are to be found in every class and in the best of homes. But when a man does not want to be a gigolo, he has the freedom to go out and work and create as well as he can. But a woman has not. Even if her indivial husband lets her, tradition in society is against her. In this passage the author looks on the situation of women with an attitude of .
A) amusement
B) indifference
C) disapproval
D) condemnation
此篇文章中,作者對待這一問題的態度十分明確、強硬(如用語I am not …等等 ),因此只參在選項C和D中選擇。而從文章中的"gigolos",』fools』等詞可看出作者不僅不贊成而且態度更甚。所以,選項C程度還不夠,這一題的正確答案是D。
;❺ 英語閱讀理解題怎麼判斷作者的態度
英語閱讀理解題怎麼判斷作者的態度?閱讀理解都會至少有一道考作者對某問題看法或者態度的題目,這類題目首先大家要對選項中的態度詞進行辨析,如果連這幾個態度詞都不認識的話,別談做題了。其次就是對文章主旨進行把握,文章的主旨就是作者要表達的內容,從而作者的態度也會包含在其中。
一.情感態度題的詞語選項
1.褒義詞
impartial(公正的)
rewarding(有回報的)
appreciative (欣賞的)
positive (肯定的, 積極的)
optimistic (樂觀的)
useful (有用的, 有益的)
admiring (贊賞的, 欽佩的)
interesting (有趣的)
instructive (有益的, 教育性的)
enthusiastic (熱心的, 熱情的)
supportive (支持的)
support(支持)
approval (贊成, 承認)
approving (滿意的)
onfident (自信的, 確信的)
impressed (留下印象的)
reverent (尊敬的)
polite (有禮貌的, 文雅的)
2.貶義詞
apprehensive(擔憂的)
hostile (敵對的)
bious(懷疑的)
intolerant (不能容忍的)
negative (否定的, 消極的)
pessimistic (悲觀的, 厭世的)
subjective (主觀的, 個人的)
disappointed (失望的)
frustrated (失敗的, 落空的)
critical (批評的)
questioning (質疑的)
doubtful (可疑的, 不確的)
compromising (妥協的)
dissatisfied (不滿意的, 不高興的)
biased (有偏見的)
satirical (諷刺的)
puzzling (迷惑的)
suspicious (懷疑的)
gloomy (令人沮喪的)
scared (恐懼的)
cynical (憤世嫉俗的)
oppose (反對)
opposition (反對)
disgust (令人反感)
disgusting (令人厭惡的)
worried (悶悶不樂的)
depressed (沮喪的)
contemptuous (輕蔑的, 侮辱的)
arbitrary/opinionated (武斷的)
3.中性詞
analytical (分析的)
apathetic (缺乏興趣的)
concerned (關心的)
cautious (謹慎的, 小心的)
neutral (中性的)
objective (客觀的)
impartial (公平的, 不偏不倚的)
indifferent (無關緊要的)
impassive (冷漠的)
detached (超然的,不偏不倚的)
unconcerned (不關心的)
uninterested (不感興趣的)
humorous (滑稽的, 詼諧的)
disinterested (無私的)
sensitive (敏感的)
factual (事實的, 實際的)
informative (提供資訊的)
persuasive (說服的)
personal (個人的)
formal (正式的)
informal (非正式的)
casual (偶然的)
二.情感態度題常見出題位置
1.直接表達作者或者其他人態度的句子。
2.一些感情色彩較濃的詞語,尤其是形容詞、動詞和副詞等。
3.首段和末段。
4.出現轉折的地方,如nevertheless, however, but, yet等。
5.文章中一些情態動詞後面的內容,這些情態動詞有should, shouldn』t, must, mustn』t等。
三.情感態度題正確答案選項的特點
1.很多情況下,作者只是在客觀描述一種現象或是一個觀點,所以objective作為正確選項的頻率極高。
2.一般來說,indifferent不會是正確選項,因為作者如果對一個事件漠不關心、就不會專門撰文。另外,像cynical, disgust, desperate等詞語如果出現也不會是正確選項,因為一般考研閱讀理解所選的'文章不會帶有如此強烈的情感,如謾罵、攻擊等。
3.如果作者開篇就提出了一個觀點,而全文中有沒有轉折和對比的內容,一般來說作者對這個觀點持支持態度。
4.如果作者開篇提出一個觀點或者引述了別人的觀點,而後文出現重要的轉折,對上述觀點進行批評後者否定,那麼作者自己的觀點往往與開頭提出的觀點相反。
5.如果選項中出現了一對反義詞,那麼正確答案往往是這對反義詞中的一個,考生可以忽略其餘兩個選項。
6.總結歷年的文章,我們發現在關於社會科學和人文科學的文章中,一般來說如果作者都會有支持的態度;在關於自然科學的文章中,作者的態度則經常是objective, analytical等。
四.情感態度題干擾答案選項的特點
1.選項沒有體現作者的觀點,甚至是相反的意思。
2.選項中張冠李戴,把別人的觀點放到了作者頭上,或者把作者的觀點放到了別人的頭上,要加以區分。
3.上文中提到的indifferent 及其同義詞和近義詞等,以及包含強烈情感的詞語。
五.情感態度題解題方法
1.找到直接表述作者態度的句子,對應相應的選項。
2.如果沒有明確表述態度的句子,則從文章的字里行間把握文章的整體基調。
3.注意不要混淆自己的態度和作者的態度,也不要混淆作者的態度和文中其他人的態度。
❻ 英語閱讀理解中關於作者的態度的詞彙有哪些
共分為贊同、否定、懷疑、客觀、主觀、積極、消極、中立八種態度。詞彙如下:
一. 贊同
positive 肯定的, 實際的, 積極的, , 確實的
favorable 贊成的, 有利的, 贊許的, 良好的
approval 贊成, 承認, 正式批准
enthusiasm 狂熱, 熱心, 積極性
二. 否定
negative 否定的, 消極的, 負的, 陰性的
disapproval 不贊成
objection 異議
opposition 反對
critical 批評的
criticism 批評批判
disgust 令人厭惡, 令人反感vt.使作嘔
三. 懷疑
suspicion 猜疑, 懷疑
suspicious (~ of) 可疑的, 懷疑的
doubt懷疑,疑惑
doubtful 可疑的, 不確的, 疑心的
question 疑問,懷疑
puzzling 使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的
四. 客觀
objective 客觀的
neutral 中立的
impartial 公平的, 不偏不倚的
disinterested 無私的
imprejudiced 沒有偏見的
unbiased 沒有偏見的
unprejudiced 公平的, 無偏見的, 沒有成見的
detached 不含個人偏見的
五. 主觀
subjective 主觀的, 個人的
indifference 不關心
tolerance 寬容,容忍,忍受
pessimism 悲觀, 悲觀主義
gloomy 黑暗的, 陰沉的, 令人沮喪的, 陰郁的
optimistic 樂觀的
sensitive 有感覺的, 敏感[銳]的,易受傷害的
scared 恐懼的
reserved 保留的, 包租的
consent 同意, 贊成, 答應n.同意, 贊成, 允諾
radical 激進的
moderate 中等的, 適度的, 適中的v.緩和
六. 積極
objective 客觀的
concerned 關注的
confident 自信的, 確信的
interested 感興趣的, 有成見的, 有權益的
optimistic 樂觀的
positive 正面的
impressive 給人深刻印象的, 感人的
七. 中立/折中
impartial 公平的, 不偏不倚的
neutral 中立的
impersonal 非個人的
factual 事實的, 實際的,根據事實的
detached 不含個人偏見的
八. 消極 (通常不作為選項)
negative 消極的
indifferent 漠不關心的
depressed 消沉的
subjective 主觀的
pessimistic 悲觀的
unconcerned 不關心的
contemptuous 輕蔑的, 侮辱的
hostile 敵對的, 敵方的
biased 片面的
❼ 閱讀理解:觀點態度題解析
閱讀理解:觀點態度題解析
想要學好考研英語怎麼能不知道觀點態度閱讀題的做題方法呢?下面就讓我為大家詳解一下吧。
考研英語閱讀理解觀點態度題主要考查的是考生對作者的意圖、觀點或態度的理解和把握。這種題型要求考生把握作者寫作某篇文章的目的,明白作者對文章所論述的觀點和中心所持的態度。考研英語試卷對這一部分的考查主要表現為情感態度題。該題型常問作者對某事是什麼態度:主觀(subjective)還是客觀(objective);肯定(positive)還是否定(negative);贊成(approval)還是反對(opposition)等等。
這種題目對考生而言難度較大,迷惑性也較強,因為命題專家是針對整篇文章設問,考生很難找到具體對應的語言點,所以要把握整篇文章。例如作者在談一件事時是 用反諷的口氣,還是贊成的語氣,此類題所給的答案選項一般是四個形容詞,考生應在審題時就把握好這四個形容詞所表達的意思,然後返迴文章去尋找信息。特別 提醒考生要牢記所遇到的構成作者態度題選項的每一個形容詞。做文章作者態度題時,千萬不要把考生自己的態度揉進文章中,同時要注意區分作者本人的態度與作 者引用的觀點態度。
理解作者的意圖、觀點和態度是近幾年考試的熱點題目,考生在做此類題時要把握這樣的判斷原則:既縱觀全文,掌握主題思想有要注意文章的措辭,把握文章的基調或主旨(tenor),又要分清文章的`話語范圍(field)及話語方式(mode)。解題的關鍵是要看作者在文中用了什麼樣的口氣。若用褒義詞,顯然是贊成。若用貶義詞,顯然是反對。若是客觀陳述,則是中性的立場,不偏不倚。注意:作者態度常常在轉折詞後表明出來,因此but一詞至關重要(還有類似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等)。
該題型常見的提問形式有:
(1)The tone of the passage can best be described as ____
(2)The tone of the passage would be _____
(3)Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage____
(4)What is the attitude of the author towards____
(5)How does the writer feel about______
(6) The writer is of the opinion that_____
(7)The author seems to be _____
情感和態度在考研中大致可分為三類:happy/ unhappy; security/insecurity; satisfaction
dissatisfaction, 它們作為標記語反映出作者對某個現象採取的姿態,並從情感的角度評價該現象。因此,考生既要依靠文章的中心思想作為前提,又要注意作者的措辭,尤其是作為修飾語的形容詞。我們以2003年的閱讀Text 4為例具體說明這一點:
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people inJapanandSweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.
59. In contras to theU.S.,JapanandSwedenare funding their medical care .
[A] more flexibly
[B] more extravagantly
[C] more cautiously
[D] more reasonably
作者用limits, ineffective, painful這些消極的詞語暗示了美國醫療衛生系統的缺憾,通過把握這些詞語,我們就能得出D為正確選項。所以我們對語言的理解是有一定差異的,又如尼克松簽訂1972年公報時,對“一個中國”原則,他手下的修辭專家用了acknowledge 而不用recognize。因為後者是正式的,外交的,打心底里的承認,而前者是一種模糊,對某種既成事實的有限度接受,但在中文裡出現的就是我們理解的“承認”。
可見考生在平時的單詞理解中要結合不同的語境,不同的文章體裁,綜合地認知寓意,才能透徹地理解作者的意圖。
另外,判斷作者情感態度除了關注作者的措辭,還要可以通過關注作者的舉例角度和講解角度,來判斷文章作者的態度傾向:如果作者的一直論述某事物的積極地向上 的方面,其態度基本上是積極樂觀的;如果作者舉例論證某觀點時,給的例子是正面的,那麼我們同樣可以判斷作者的態度是積極樂觀的;如果作者的論述有好有 壞,舉例有正面有反面,我基本上可以判斷作者的態度是客觀的。同樣,我們通過具體的真題案例進一步解釋這一點。
再例1997年第54題:
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened inAustralia. It’s world history.”
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. InAustralia-- where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In theUSandCanada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.
Under the new Northern Territory law, an alt patient can request death -- probably by a deadly injection or pill -- to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.
54. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.
[A] opposition
[B] suspicion
[C] approval
[D] indifference
我們通過閱讀該文,不難發現文章首段記述了安樂死法案通過以及當時在全球引起的反響,首段作者使用“it is world history”, 來表達他對該事件的態度,認為它意義重大;緊接著在第二段,作者首先討論世人對此態度不一,但是作者通過轉折,指出這個潮流不太可能被逆轉了。第三段,作 者用一個肺癌病人為例,該病人認為安樂死法案的通過意味著自己可以平靜地度過最後的時光,不用擔心臨死前要遭受的折磨。很明顯這個事例是認識安樂死法案的 通過是一件好事。那麼文章就作者的態度命題,答案肯定是approval。
;❽ 求:英語四級閱讀理解中表示作者觀點態度的英語單詞(加漢語解釋)3Q
這個有很多的,常見的有think(認為),prefer(更喜歡)always(總是)never all only noone hardly possibly often
很多是以轉折體現版的:but,however(但是)
as far as i see/know/concerned(就我而言權)