高考英語閱讀事實細節
⑴ 高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧
高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧如下:
1、題型分類:主旨大意題,答題技巧:閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文,這兩種文體的結構可歸納為:提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
2、細節理解題,答題技巧:可直接找到相關細節,但需經過計算方可找到答案。
3、推理判斷題,答題技巧:推斷題是考查大家透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據,切莫主觀臆斷。
4、詞義猜測題,答題技巧:通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞。專業老師在線權威答疑 zy.offercoming.com
⑵ 高考英語閱讀答題技巧「四選一」
2017年高考英語閱讀答題技巧「四選一」
高考英語閱讀理解常見的題目形式是四選一,顧名思義,就是從四個備選答案中選出符合題目要求的答案。為了幫助大家備考,我整理了一些答題技巧,希望能幫到大家!
1、細節題解題技巧
細節題,顧名思義,就是指針對文章的某個細節而設置的試題。細節題的命題方法很多,如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時,一個常用的方法就是運用定位法,即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子,與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換)。
現在圍繞上述的定位理論,引申出幾個小的技巧:
(1) 關鍵信息定位法。這個主要是細節題,如涉及到數字(日期、時間、價格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出數字,再找出目標數字及相對應的細節作息,還有人物姓名、地點名詞等等,其他的還包括一些提示情節發展,或條綱性關鍵字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英語北京A篇)
What happened to the author in 2011?
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析:此題屬典型細節題,通過題干中的時間in 2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分,很容易可以鎖定正解為C。
(2) 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關鍵詞和文中的不一致,但屬於同義性質,同義轉換其實是在關鍵間的基礎上拐了個彎。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英語北京B篇)
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析:此題屬細節題,定位方式為同義定位法。題干中的talks和文章中conversations對應,而want most和longs for對應,這樣不難得出答案為D。
小結:在閱讀中,精準快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質。定位法是需要在做題的過程中有意識的培養的,做題的技巧也是可以總結的,關鍵是要自覺培養這種分析歸納和總結的意識以及能力。
2、推理題解題技巧
推斷題定義:在理解原文字面意思的基礎上,通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示,做出一定的判斷和推理,從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。
出現特徵:在考題中經常出現的詞有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英語北京A篇)
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析:由題目得知:是考察作者的態度題。首先定位到文章作者的話語和行為,即
(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway.
(2) We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.“
(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者對它是正的情感,排除C,D.再由作者對它的不舍,答案選B
3、主旨大意題解題技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
(1) 要在閱讀原文基礎上,仔細考慮選項是否與文章主題有密切聯系
(2) 再看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何
(3) 要注意題目是否過大或者過小
(4) 要避免下列三種錯誤
概括不夠(多表現為部分代整體,導致范圍過小)
過度概括(多表現為擴大范圍)
以事實、細節代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警報) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless instry's trade association, CTIA, estimates(估計) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and ring, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said, following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received support from the wireless instry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abction (綁架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英語山東卷B篇)
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Instry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析:D。主旨大意題。第一段開門見山,提出將創建一個全國性的簡訊警報系統;最後一段重申主題,對這種新系統的未來進行展望。因此最准確的標題是D。A項錯在protecting students;B項錯在by wireless instry;C項錯在National Disasters。
4、詞義句意題解題技巧
要求考生通過閱讀上下文,結合中學生應有的賞識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或者片語的意思。出現特徵:劃線或者引號
解題方法之一:根據上下文,往往是本句中的同位關系進行猜測。
Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京,B篇,62,答案D)
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析:從burning這個詞來說,意為“發熱的`,強烈的,燃燒的”,後面緊跟動詞片語“find out”說明在尋找時刻的心情是很緊張和急迫的,最後是一個賓語從句,是我曾經做錯過什麼,那麼這個題目顯然就是選擇和“渴望的,熱切的”詞義,顯然為D選項。
5、結構順序題解題技巧
常見提問方式:
How is the passage organized?
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解題思路:
(1) 注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開頭,簡要概括文章的中心思想,
(2) 找出或者總結每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開頭,也可能出現在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見主旨題之main idea型。
(3) 最後根據每段主題確定段與段之間的結構關系,承上啟下,使文章行文連貫,邏輯嚴密。為突出主題,作者可能採用不同的寫作手法來組織文章,通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點。
The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet procts that we have stopped thinking about what diet procts are doing to us. We are paying for procts that harm us psychologically and physically(身體上).
Diet procts significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet procts allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level, diet procts have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet procts make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet procts lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(營養成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet instry has created chemicals to proce these wonder procts. Diet procts may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet procts are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet procts have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet procts, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英語北京卷E篇)
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
題目
解析:文章第一段點明節食產品在誤導人們;第二段說明節食產品對人們心理上的影響;第三段說明節食產品誤導人們認為不費勁就可以減肥,即對人們身體上的危害;第四段說明節食產品的危害;第五段說明人們應該慎重對待節食產品,故從文章結構上看應該是B項正確。
;⑶ 高考英語閱讀理解怎麼做 有什麼解題技巧
我們在做高中英語的閱讀理解時往往摸不到頭緒,那麼高考英語拆鍵閱讀理解怎麼做,有哪些解題技巧?下面 我為大家解答一下!
如何做高考英語閱讀理解
1、略讀法
略讀法是快速閱讀中的一種方法,通常又稱為瀏覽。略讀的關鍵是在能抓住文章要點的前提下以個人最快的速度閱讀,主要目的是盡快獲得足夠的信息以便准確地回答有關文章主旨和大意的問題。利用略讀法去做閱讀時,要特別注意文章首尾兩段,要學會尋找文章段落的主題句,這是高效省時抓住段落要點的一條捷徑,同時也是准確理解全文大意的有效途徑。
2、查閱法
考生從文段中獲得所需的具體信息,可以不需要閱讀整篇文章,而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分,然後加以閱讀就行,這種方法就是查閱法。查閱法主要是獲得具體的信息,回答具體的問題,即測試中的細節問題,它常常與5W和1H,即Who,What,When,Where,Why和How有關,有時跟具體的數字如長度、寬度、距離、大小旅慶巧、尺寸等有聯系。考生在使用查閱法時,應該注意文章的結構和順序排列,文章的結構有的是按時間順序排列,有的是按空間順序排列,有的是按邏輯順序排列。弄清楚文章的排列順序考生就能在閱讀和回答問題時做到高效省時,准確無誤,在最短的時間內找到所需的信息。
3、同義互釋法
所謂同義互釋,就是在閱差嫌讀的時候從備選項中找出與原文意思相同或相近的詞、片語或短語,它們在意思上相同或相近,可以互相解釋,互相替換,這種閱讀方式叫做同義互釋法。它是英語閱讀理解的常見方法之一,在高考中有些深層理解或者判斷推理的問題可以採用同義互釋法。
高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧總結
1. 正選法與排除法
正選法即根據所讀材料內容從正面選擇最佳答案。如果在有些情況下從正面選擇答案有困難,考生則可以考慮選用排除法,即排除四個選項中的三個錯誤選項,那麼剩下的選項即為正確答案。排除法是解答閱讀理解題的常用方法,對於那些不合情理或荒謬的選項、與短文內容相反的選項、與短文內容不相關的選項、雖在短文中出現但答非所問的選項,以及不是問題的主要因素的選項等,都可以採用排除法。
2. 定位法與跳讀法
定位法即根據題乾和選項所提供的信息直接從原文中找到相應的句子(即定位),然後進行比較和分析(尤其要注意一些同義轉換),從而找出正確答案。跳讀法即根據題乾和選項所提供的信息跳讀原文,並找到相關的句子(有時可能是幾個句子)或段落,然後進行分析和推理等,從而找出正確答案。
⑷ 關於高考英語閱讀理解題的應考技巧
■策略一、緊扣主旨大意
高考英語閱讀理解的主旨大意題主要是考查考生在理解全文的基礎上運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法對文章進行高度的概括或總結的能力。常見的設問方式有:
●標題類:what'sthebesttitle/headlinefor
thepassage?
●大意類:thetextismainlyabout__.the
topic/_.fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat_.
inwritingthepassage?
針對主旨大意類型的題,考生可以掌握以下解題策略:把握文章邏輯結構,快速找出主題;尋找主題句,確定文章中心思想;將首段中心句和各段第一句話連接成一個整體,得出文章主題;逆向思維法解標題類問題。
一、把握文章邏輯結構,快速找出主題
高考閱讀理解文章的主要邏輯結構:
1、時間順序。按時間先後順序說明某一事件、某一理論的發展過程,屬於這種結構的文章主題通常在首段或末段。
2、“總說-分述”結構。首段做總的說明,其他段落分別說明或具體論述首段的觀點,屬於這種結構的文章主題在首段。最典型的是新聞報道類文章,此類體裁的文章在近年高考閱讀中逐漸增多。一般這類文章都有固定格式:城市名稱(新聞社)———新聞內容。掌握一些國際知名新聞社的英文名稱是必要的,路透社reuters,美聯社associatedpress,法新社agencefrancepresse。梁世
3、“分述-總說”結構。前面幾段分別說明,末段總結。屬於這種結構的文章主題在末段。
二、尋找主題句,確定文章中心思想
不是所有的文章都有主題句,對於大部分有主題句的文章來說,主題句表達了文章的中心思想,找到了主題句,也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。主題句呈現的形式有:
1、在文首。文章開門見山,提出主題,隨後擺事實、講道理來解釋、支撐和發展主題句所表達的主題思想。2、在文帶渣緩中。通常前面只提出問題,隨之陳述細節引出主題,而後做進一步的解釋、支撐或發展。3、在文尾。在表述細節後,歸納要點,得出結論,以概括主題。
三、將首段中心句和各段第一句話連接成一個整體,得出文章主題
通常有些文章會在首段提出一個重要論點,隨後在各段分別進一步從不同角度繼續闡述,這樣我們可以找出首段的中心句,再將其和各段第蠢模一句串聯在一起,就可以得出文章的中心思想。如:(2006北京卷d篇71題)
?
a.
b.-ment
c.
d.
第一段:
infantdeathcaused,motherandchild.
第二段:oneofthesepremodernattach-ment-
intothesecondyear.…
第三段:athirdpracticewhichhadthe
samedistancingeffectwaswet-nursing.…
從第一段的中心句和各段的第一句不難看出,這篇文章的標題應該是ment.
四、逆向思維法解標題類問題
(2005全國i卷b篇62題)whatwould
bethebesttitleforthetext?
a.across-countrytripb.aspecialbor-derpassc.anunguardedborderd.anexpensivechurchvisit
如果標題是across-countrytrip,那麼文章應該講述一次出境旅行;如果標題是aspecialborderpass,那麼文章應該著重講一個特殊的邊境通行證;如果標題是anunguardedborder,那麼文章應該側重講邊境如何不設防;如果標題是anexpensivechurchvisit,那麼文章應該講一次禮拜如何花費昂貴了。經過這樣的逆向思維,我們不難發現文章的內容恰好與標題anexpensivechurch
visit一致,因此應該選d。
一、對於寫作意圖的把握
1.注意連接詞的使用:,mydad
tookmetothewildliferefuge.heneeded
-iment.atfirst,.whatifonetriedtoeatme?butwehadalotofhelp,and
mydadknewalotaboutalligators,soitwasok.
first,but,so等展開的。所設題目是:
?
a.
fiercealligatorsb.
c..
某些句型表面看上去是比較級,而實際上是最高級含義。mymotherdeci-dedtotakemeonthetrip.itcouldn'tbebetter.(itcouldn'tbebetter=it'sgreat.意為“太好了”)
注意虛擬語氣的使用。.(我多麼希望已通過了駕照考試呀!)此句暗含的事實是:並沒通過考試。
3.將自己想像為故事中的主人公,體會其心理感受
有一篇文章,寫一個老太太剛剛在海邊買了一座別墅,打算在那裡度過餘生。因為那裡的氣候濕潤溫暖,更適合她的健康。此時她站在曾經生活了25年的房子里,最後環顧這曾經裝載了她的大半生的房子。所給的問題是:?正確答案是:herfeelingiscomplex.其他的選項如sheishappy/she
issad等都片面。只要我們設身處地站在老太太的位置上想一想,就不難找到正確答案。
4.把握全篇文脈,仔細揣摩事情發生的背景
我們不僅要掌握一定的語言知識,還需要平時儲備一定的邏輯推理能力以及必要的西方的文化背景知識,才能完全領會文章的主旨或者其所滲透出的幽默感。請看下面這篇介紹父子關系的文章。第一句話就開門見山:myfatherandiwereveryclose.hewasalwaysproudofmysuccess.然後用一個事例說明:ifiwonaspelingcontestatschool,hewasontopoftheworld.如果知道beontopoftheworld是“高興至極”的意思,也只是理解了語言的表層含義。接下來:wheniwasnamedpresidentofthe
fordmotorcompany,ididn'tknowwhichofuswasmoreexcited.正確理解了上文的鋪墊,才會真正領會此句暗含的意味及幽默:實際上父親比我還高興。如果對西方人的生活方式及習慣比較了解的話,也不難接受下面的句子:-
tunity———.我們再來繼續欣賞一下父親鮮明的個性:.-torcycle.unfortunately,myfatherandhis
motorcycledidn'tgetalongtoowell.he
.asaresult,.讀懂了這些,就不難理
解下文中為什麼父親不讓“我”擁有一輛自行車,反而當“我”剛滿16歲就讓我開車了。正確理解了文章的來龍去脈及內涵,對於文後題目的處理也就會輕而易舉了。
二、對於出題意圖的把握
1.正確理解一個事物的兩個方面
有些題目不是直接照搬原文的話,而是用一些另外的語言表達出同樣的意思,因此我們必須掌握用英文解釋英文的技能。如一篇介紹輟學學生的文章,文章先後兩次談到學生輟學後的感想。第一次:
theymadeamistakebygivingupand
.
第二次:.文後的題目是whichof
-age?正確答案是:.雖然
原文沒有像題目這樣明確說明,但其實這是一個事物的兩個方面;對於輟學的後悔其實就是希望繼續上學。通過正確推斷這些文句的含義,即可找出正確答案。
2.以文章內容為基礎進行判斷
■策略三、合理推理判斷
一、理解定義。判斷是對已知的事實仔細評價之後做出的合理決定。推理是對事實的內涵所做的陳述或以事實為依據對未知所做的陳述。注意無論是判斷還是推理都是以已知事實為依據。
二、推理題常見的提問形式。常以infer,
imply,indicate,suggest,conclude,learn,in-
tend,mean,describe,purpose等詞提問。
或含有表推測的情態動詞,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的動詞,如probably,mostlikely等。
三、具體策略
1.通過辨認細節的技巧,找到相關的事實或證據,對這些事實或證據進行分析和評價,在此基礎上再作決定。切記:推斷是以文章提供的事實為依據,而不是憑空想像,更不是讀者自己的意願。
2.藉助常識。在推理判斷題中,我們平時積累的一些常識通常會派上用場。2006年陝西高考英語試卷中一篇關於通信發展史的閱讀最為典型。a.
faster.b.slower.大家都應知道交通越來越發達,郵電業當然是faster.此篇還涉及到有關發郵件的常識,如果同學們有這個commonsense,就如魚得水了。
3.務必要用排除法。排除法在此類題型中發揮著不可磨滅的作用。根據在文章中找到的事實依據和常識排除錯誤信息,再排除和文章中一詞不差的信息(文章里的原句不會是推理判斷出來的結果,但通過同義詞或句型轉換過的選項有可能是正確答案),最後再排除無關或偏離信息,正確答案就不言而喻了。
4.詞句段篇,相互交融。詞的理解要放在句子里,句子的理解要靠段,段的理解也離不開篇。單獨說floor誰都知道是什麼意思,但…,inherownhandwriting…這個語境里是surprised的意思。因此不能獨立地看某個詞或某句話。此外,學生對一詞多義或一些習語的積累也是很有必要的,這就要靠同學們課下多下工夫了。
例heisanoldcobbler(修鞋匠)withashopinthemarais,ahistoricareainparis.whenitookhimmyshoes,heat
firsttoldme:“ihavenotime.takethem
;he'll
fixthemrightaway.”
buti'.justlookingathisbench
,iknewhewasaskilledcraftsman(手藝人).“no,”ireplied,“theotherfellowcan'tdo
itwel.”
“theotherfellow”wasoneofthose
“while-u-wait”-.theyworkcarelessly,andwhentheyhavefin-ishedsewingbackasandalstrap(鞋帶)you
.
mymansawiwouldn'tgivein,andhesmiled.hewipedhishandsonhisblueapron(圍裙),lookedatmyshoes,,“comebackinaweek.”.
“seewhaticando?”hesaidwithapride.“onlythreeofusinpariscando
thiskindofwork.”
whenigotbackoutintothestreet,
theworldseemedbrand-newtome.(傳說),-
ingfamiliarly,hisverystrange,styfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-whereand,aboveal,hisprideinhiscraft.
thesearetimeswhennothingisim-portantbutthebottomline,“pays”,when,inshort,peoplelookonworkasapathtoever-increasingconsumption(消費)-ties.-tionfrom
prideinajobweldone.
1.?
a.
tools.b.hewastheonlycobblerinthe
marais.c.hewasproudofhisskils.d.hewasanativeparisian.
2.thesentence“.”impliedthat___
a.
likehimb..themanwasvery
stranged.themanwastooold
解析:1.c文中多處提到關於自豪的字眼acobblerwhogetshisgreatest
.andhesaidwithapride.這正是c項的涵義。a,d是無關信息文中沒有提及排除b是錯誤選項。依據:theotherfellow還有onlythreeofusinpariscando…
2.a說他像古代傳奇中的人物。言行,打扮尤其對自己手藝的自豪,現代社會罕見。insuchaperioditisarare
.b,d在文章中沒有任何依據,排除。c項的strange很有迷惑性但文中說到的是strangehatnottheman.
■【試試看吧】
allthroughmyboyhoodandyouth,iwasknownasanidler;,whichwastolearntowrite.ikeptalwaystwobooksinmypocket,onetoread,onetowritein.asiwalked,
words;whenisatbytheroadside,iwouldeitherread,orapencilandanote-bookwouldbeinmyhand,.thusilivedwithwords.
;.(thoughiwishedthat,too)asthati
.;andipractisedtoacquireit.;-.but
iworkedinotherwaysalso;ioftenaccom-,inwhichiplayedmanyparts;.
thiswasallexcellent,nodoubt..goodasitwas,.andregardedastraining,ithad
onegravedefect;.sotherewasperhapsmoreprofit,astherewascertainlymoreeffort,in
mysecretlaboursathome.wheneveri
,,(巧妙特色)inthestyle,imustsitdownatonceandsetmy-selftoapethatquality.iwasunsuccessfulandiknew
it;andtriedagain,;-ticeinrhythm,inharmony,.ihavethus
playedtheselousapetohzlitte,tolamb,towordsworth,todefoe,to
hawthorne.that,likeitornot,istheway
tolearntowrite;whetherihaveprofitedornot,thatistheway.itwasso,ifwecouldtraceitout,thatallmenhavelearned.
1.inthispassage______.
a.
successful
b.
c.
d.
learningtowrite
2.fromthispassagewecaninferthat____.
a..
b.
learningtowrite
c.
fromone'syoungerdays
d.failureisthemotherofsuccess
參考答案db
⑸ 【考試必備】高中英語閱讀理解解題技巧超強分析!
【 #英語資源# 導語】高中英語在高考總成績中占據150分的分值,很多高中同學都誤認為只要基礎知識掌握牢固就萬事OK了,其實,高中英語的解題更需要一定的技巧,掌握高效的解題技巧能夠事半功倍,輕松應對高考英語難題。 為大家整理了高考英語閱讀理解部分的答題技巧解析,希望能幫助到大家學習。
通過詳細分析歷年高考英語試卷,我們可將閱讀理解分為以下幾種題型:主旨大意題,細節理解題,推理判斷題(含寫作意圖、目的等),詞義猜測題。英語閱讀理解題的技巧與策略是學生提高閱讀理解多需要具備的。
一、 主旨大意題
這類題在設題時常會用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等詞。
1.歸納標題題
特點:短小精悍,一般多為一個短語;涵蓋性強,一般能覆蓋全文意思;精確性強,表達范圍要恰當,不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有:
What』s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ___.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意題
包括尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常見命題形式有:
What is the general/main idea of the passage? Which of the following expresses the main idea? What is the subject discussed in the text?
BThe writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What』s the article mainly about ?
解題技巧
閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文 ,這兩種文體的結構可歸納為:絕仿悄提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對於這類文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現在文章的開頭或結尾。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點。主題句在文章中的位置主要有以下幾種情況。
位於段首 :一般而言,以演繹法撰寫的文章,主題句往往在文章的開頭,即先點出主題,然後圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句,可具體分析段落的首並渣句與第二,三句的關系;如果從第二句就開始大信對第一句進行說明,論述或描述,那第一句就是主題句。有些段落,在主題句後面有明顯引出細節的信號詞,如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在閱讀中應盡量利用上述信號詞來確定主題句的位置。
位於段尾 :有些文章會在開頭列舉事實, 然後通過論證闡述作者的核心論點。因此,如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話,快速讀一讀段落的最後一個句子,看看它是否具備主題句的特徵。如果它具備主題句的特徵,段落的主題思想就很容易確定了。一般說來,當一種觀點不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時,主題句便會到段落的末尾才出現。學生可以充分利用引出結論的信號詞。如so,therefore,thus,consequently;in conclusion,in short;in a word, to sum up等來確定主題句的位置在段尾。當無明顯的此類信號時,學生可在段落的最後一句話前面添加一個引出結論的信號詞,以確定其是否是主題句。
位於段中 :有時段落是先介紹背景和細節,接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內容或事例,然後再圍繞主題展開對有關問題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會在段落中間出現。歸納起來主要有兩種情況:先提出問題,然後給予回答(主題句),最後給予解釋;或者,先提出問題,然後點出主題思想(主題句),最後給予解釋。
首尾呼應 :主題句在段落的開頭和結尾兩個位置上先後出現,形成前呼後應的格局。這兩個主題句敘說的是同一個內容,但用詞不盡相同,這樣不但強調了主題思想,而且顯得靈活多變。這兩個句子並非簡單重復,後一個主題句或對該主題作最後的評述,或對要點作一概括,或使之引申留給讀者去思考。
無明確主題句 :找關鍵詞(出現頻率較高), 歸納總結。
注意
新題型中有一個選項是干擾項,解答此類題時同學易犯以下三種錯誤:
(1)表述過於片面,只涵蓋該段個別細節;
(2)表述太過於籠統,已經超出該段的內容;
(3)表述與段落內容無關,在段落中找不到相關依據
二、細節理解題
考查內容主要涉及時間、地點、人物、事件、原因、結果、數字等議論文中例證細節和定義類細節。這類題目的共同特點是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。當然,答案並不一定是文章中的原句,考生需要根據文章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。
1.事實細節題→尋讀法
分為直接理解題和間接理解題,前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提問,或判斷正誤;後者需與原文信息轉換,表達上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有:
What can we learn from the passage?
All the following are mentioned except
Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)?
Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
2. 排列順序題→首尾定位法(找出第一個事件和最後一個事件,用排除法縮小范圍)
常出現在記敘文和說明文中,一般按事件發生的順序。常見命題形式有:
Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
3. 圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索
設題形式:給出圖表,根據圖表提問問題。
4. 數字計算題→(方法:審題→帶著問題找細節→對比、分析、計算)
可直接找到相關細節,但需經過計算方可找到答案。
三、推理判斷題
主要考查學生對文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。 它要求考生根據文章內容做出合乎邏輯的推斷,包括考生對作者觀點的理解,態度的判斷,對修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。題干關鍵詞:infer(推斷),indicate(象徵,暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出結論), assume(假定,設想).
1.細節推理判斷題
一般可根據短文提供的信息或藉助生活常識進行推理判斷,常見命題形式有:
It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________.
The author implies/ suggests that_____.
We may infer that _________.
Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
2.預測推理判斷題
根據語篇對文章接下來的內容或可能的結局進行猜測,常見命題形式有: What do you think will happen if/when…?
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
3.推測文章來源或讀者對象
常見命題形式有:
The passage is probably take out of_____
The passage would most likely be found in_____
Where does this text probably come from?
4.寫作意圖、目的、態度推斷題
作者的語氣態度往往不會直接寫在文章里,只能通過細讀文章,從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會出來。
詢問寫作目的的題,選項里常出現的詞是: explain(解釋), prove (證明), persuade(勸說), advise(勸告), comment(評論), praise(贊揚), criticize(批評), entertain(娛樂), demonstrate(舉例說明), argue(辯論), tell(講述), analyze(分析)等。
詢問語氣態度的題,選項里常出現的詞是: neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(滿意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(熱情的), subjective(主觀的), objective(客觀的), matter-of-fact(實事求是的), pessimistic(悲觀的), optimistic(樂觀的), critical(批評的), doubtful(懷疑的), hostile(敵對的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。
常見命題形式有:
The purpose of the text is_____
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____
What is the author』s attitude towards…?
What is the author』s opinion on…?
The author』s tone in this passage is _____.
解答技巧
推斷題是考查學生透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實為依據,切莫主觀臆斷。
①那些文章中直接陳述的內容不能選,要選擇根據文章推理出來的選項。
②推理不是憑空猜測,而是立足已知推斷未知;作出正確答案時一定要在文中找到依據或理由。
③要忠實於原文,以文章提供的事實和線索為依據。不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。
四、詞義猜測題
考點:
①猜測某個詞、片語、句子的意義
②對文中的多義詞或片語進行定義
③判斷某個代詞的指代的對象。常見命題形式有:
The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.
The word 「it/they」 in the last sentence refers to______.
The word 「…」(Line 6. para.2)probably means ______.
The word 「…」(Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following?
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word 「…」 ?
解答技巧
1.通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞
首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系,然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等等)表示前因後果。
例如:You shouldn't have blamed him for that,for it wasn't his fault. 通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞 ,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語,如happy and *,即使我們不認識*這個詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。
通過反義詞猜詞 ,一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語,如:He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通過構詞法猜詞
根據前綴、後綴、復合、派生等構詞知識判斷生詞詞義。如:She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( 「un」含否定意義,故為「不太可能」之意。)
4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義
例如:But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought. 從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,於是便有一段乾旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測詞義
例如:Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,准確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。
6.通過描述猜詞
描述即作者對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如:The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。
7. 根據常識猜詞
如:The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.(lintel 「過梁」。)
Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.(tiptoed 「踮著腳走,躡手躡腳」)
⑹ 高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧
關於高考英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧簡介如下:
高考簡介:
普通高等學校招生全國統一考試(Nationwide Unified Examination for Admissions to General Universities and Colleges),簡稱「高考」,是合格的高中畢業生或具有同等學力的考生參加的選拔性考試。
普通高等學校招生全國統一考試,是為普通高等學校招生設置的全國性統一考試,每年6月7日到10日實施。
參加考試的對象是全日制普通高中畢業生和具有同等學歷的中華人民共和國公民,招生分理工農醫(含體育)、文史(含外語和藝術)兩大類。普通高等學校根據考生成績,按照招生章程和計劃,德智體美勞全面衡量,擇優錄取。
普通高等學校招生全國統一考試由國家主管部門授權的單位或實行自主命題的省級教育考試院命制;由教育部統一調度,各省級招生考試委員會負責執行和管理。教育部要求各省(區、市)考試科目名稱與全國統考科目名稱相同的必須與全國統考時間安排一致。
⑺ 高三英語閱讀理解的技巧和方法
高三英語閱讀理解的技巧和方法如下:
高三英語事實細節題:
屬於細節類型的閱讀理解題一般只針對某個特定的細節,題型可以多種多樣。此類題型一般分兩種。第一種是直接理解題,在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二種是詞義轉換題,正確選項是原文有關詞語和句子的轉換。
做此類試蘆滑題一定要抓住事件發生的時間、地點、人物、發展過程和結局等環節,所選答案一定要符合原文,切不可望文生義。
這類題型的主要提問方式常為:
①Which of the following is true / NOT true in the passage?
②Which of the following statements is NOT discussed / mentionedin the passage?
③Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage?
④All the following statements are NOT true except.
⑻ 高考英語閱讀訓練和答案及解析
高考英語閱讀訓練和答案及解析
The United States government wants to know what the public thinks about its findings on the safety of cloned animals.
The Food and Drug Administration says meat and milk from clones of alt cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat. An F.D.A. official called them as safe to eat as the food we eat every day. And when those clones reproce sexually(有性繁殖), the agency says, their offspring(後代) are safe to eat as well. But research on cloned sheep is limited. So the F.D.A. proposes that sheep clones not be used for human food.
The United States this year could become the first country to approve the sale of foods from cloned animals. First, however, the public will have ninety days to comment on three proposed documents. On December 28th the F.D.A. released a long report, called a draft risk assessment, along with two policy documents.
The agency says it must receive comments by April second. The F.D.A. seemed ready to act several years ago, but an advisory committee called for more research.
For now, the government will continue to ask procers to honor a request that they not sell foods from cloned animals.
Clones are still rare. They cost a lot and are difficult to proce.
The F.D.A. says most food from cloning is expected to come not from clones themselves, but from their sexually reproced offspring. It says clones are expected to be used mostly as breeding animals to spread good qualities.
Public opinion studies show most Americans do not like the idea of food from cloned animals. But this research also shows the public knows little about cloning.
Cloning differs from genetic engineering. A cell taken from a so-called donor animals is grown into an embryo(胚胎)in the laboratory. Next, the embryo is placed into the uterus(子宮)of a female animal. If the process is successful, the pregnancy reaches full term and a genetic of the donor animal is born.
1. From the passage we know that .
A. foods from cloned animals are popular in America
B. cloned alt animals are safe to eat except sheep.
C. cloned animals will be easy to proce
D. most foods from cloning is expected to take place of other foods
2.The main purpose of the text is to .
A. tell a interesting story B. give some advice on foods
C. give a report D. compare different opinions
3. Who believe that foods from cloning are safe to eat?
A. Most Americans B. An advisory committee
C. Critics D. The F.D.A.
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
A. cloning has much in common with genetic
B. not every cell taken from a donor animal can grow into a genetic
C. the donor animal should be a female one
D. cloned animals grow faster than normal ones
答案及解析:
1.B.推理判斷題。從文中第二段可推出。
2.C.主旨大意題。本篇文章是關於克隆食物的安全問題的報道。
3.D.事實細節題。從「The Food and Drug Administration says meat and milk from clones of alt cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat.…」可知。
4.B. 推理判斷題。從最後一段「If the process is successful, the pregnancy reaches full term and a genetic of the donor animal is born.」可知答案。
;⑼ 高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧詳解
高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧詳解
英語閱讀理解題的難度在不斷增大,考生們也大多知難而進。下面是我為大家帶來的高考英語閱讀理解題解題技巧,歡迎閱讀。
一、四選一型閱讀
高考閱讀不同文體按照題型分類主要分為五大類:細節題、推理題、主旨大意題、詞義句意猜測題、結構順序題。
1、細節題解題技巧
細節題,顧名思義,就是指針對文章的某個細節而設置的試題。細節題的命題方法很多,如可能是對某個細節用同義結構轉換後進行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(通常是四個)放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個細節進行排序等。解答這類試題時,一個常用的方法就是運用定位法,即根據題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關的句子,與選項進行比較從而確定答案(此時要特別注意一些常見的同義轉換)。
現在圍繞上述的定位理論,引申出幾個小的技巧:
(1) 關鍵信息定位法。這個主要是細節題,如涉及到數字(日期、時間、價格等),就可以在文章中快速圈出數字,再找出目標數字及相對應的細節作息,還有人物姓名、地點名詞等等,其他的還包括一些提示情節發展,或條綱性關鍵字眼,如First, Next, Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英語北京A篇)
What happened to the author in 2011?
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析:此題屬典型細節題,通過題干中的時間in 2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分,很容易可以鎖定正解為C。
(2) 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關鍵詞和文中的不一致,但屬於同義性質,同義轉換其實是在關鍵間的基礎上拐了個彎。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英語北京B篇)
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析:此題屬細節題,定位方式為同義定位法。題干中的talks和文章中conversations對應,而want most和longs for對應,這樣不難得出答案為D。
小結:在閱讀中,精準快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質。定位法是需要在做題的過程中有意識的培養的,做題的技巧也是可以總結的,關鍵是要自覺培養這種分析歸納和總結的意識以及能力。
2、推理題解題技巧
推斷題定義:在理解原文字面意思的基礎上,通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示,做出一定的判斷和推理,從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。
出現特徵:在考題中經常出現的詞有infer, imply, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. 「We're moving house.'; 「No space for her any more with the baby coming.」 「We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.」 People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英語北京A篇)
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析:由題目得知:是考察作者的態度題。首先定位到文章作者的話語和行為,即
(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way, not me anyway.
(2) We never really wanted her, but what could we have done? She was a present.「
(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者對它是正的情感,排除C,D.再由作者對它的不舍,答案選B
3、主旨大意題解題技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
(1) 要在閱讀原文基礎上,仔細考慮選項是否與文章主題有密切聯系
(2) 再看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何
(3) 要注意題目是否過大或者過小
(4) 要避免下列三種錯誤
概括不夠(多表現為部分代整體,導致范圍過小)
過度概括(多表現為擴大范圍)
以事實、細節代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警報) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless instry's trade association, CTIA, estimates(估計) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
「The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and ring, disasters and other emergencies,」 FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said, following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received support from the wireless instry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve 「approaching threats」, which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abction (綁架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英語山東卷B篇)
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Instry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析:D。主旨大意題。第一段開門見山,提出將創建一個全國性的簡訊警報系統;最後一段重申主題,對這種新系統的未來進行展望。因此最准確的標題是D。A項錯在protecting students;B項錯在by wireless instry;C項錯在National Disasters。
4、詞義句意題解題技巧
要求考生通過閱讀上下文,結合中學生應有的賞識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或者片語的意思。出現特徵:劃線或者引號
解題方法之一:根據上下文,往往是本句中的同位關系進行猜測。
Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, 「My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.」 The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
62. The underlined word 「burning」 in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京,B篇,62,答案D)
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析:從burning這個詞來說,意為「發熱的,強烈的,燃燒的`」,後面緊跟動詞片語「find out」說明在尋找時刻的心情是很緊張和急迫的,最後是一個賓語從句,是我曾經做錯過什麼,那麼這個題目顯然就是選擇和「渴望的,熱切的」詞義,顯然為D選項。
5、結構順序題解題技巧
常見提問方式:
How is the passage organized?
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解題思路:
(1) 注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開頭,簡要概括文章的中心思想,
(2) 找出或者總結每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開頭,也可能出現在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見主旨題之main idea型。
(3) 最後根據每段主題確定段與段之間的結構關系,承上啟下,使文章行文連貫,邏輯嚴密。為突出主題,作者可能採用不同的寫作手法來組織文章,通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點。
The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word 「diet」 everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet procts that we have stopped thinking about what diet procts are doing to us. We are paying for procts that harm us psychologically and physically(身體上).
Diet procts significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet procts allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word 「diet」 in food labels.
On another level, diet procts have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet procts make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet procts lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(營養成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calories only because the diet instry has created chemicals to proce these wonder procts. Diet procts may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet procts are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet procts have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet procts, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them. (2008高考英語北京卷E篇)
75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
解析:文章第一段點明節食產品在誤導人們;第二段說明節食產品對人們心理上的影響;第三段說明節食產品誤導人們認為不費勁就可以減肥,即對人們身體上的危害;第四段說明節食產品的危害;第五段說明人們應該慎重對待節食產品,故從文章結構上看應該是B項正確。
二、七選五型閱讀
考生需要在語篇信息存在缺失的情況下,准確理解整篇文章,特別是設題部位前後句的邏輯關系,通過上下文的線索進行判斷,預測下文,然後做出正確判斷。
命題分析:我們如果把整篇文章看成一個信息群,這個信息群實際上是由兩大信息版塊構成的:
已知信息:原文在五處空缺之外的沒有被挖掉的信息
待選信息:七個待選選項中的信息
這兩個信息板塊間絕不是孤立的,而是有緊密的互動邏輯關系,連起來是一篇完整的文章。
考試題型對學生的考察能力來看無外乎兩個方面:
(1) 把握整篇文章的布局和邏輯層次關系
(2) 把握微觀信息間關聯性(即空格前後句間關系)
解題方法:詞彙同現、詞彙復現、代詞妙用、數字線索、邏輯線索。
Muzak
The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? _____ (71) It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.
Quiet background music used to be called 「elevator (電梯) music」 because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name 「Muzak」. About one-third of the people in America listen to 「Muzak」 everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired.______ (72)
If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? _____ (73)
Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. _____ (74)Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.
_____ (75)They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!( 2010年高考英語北京卷)
A. Some people don't like Muzak.
B. The music gives them extra energy.
C. Music is playing in the background.
D. Factory workers proce 13 percent more.
E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.
F. They ge t as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.
G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.
答案:CBFDA
代詞妙用:代詞指代前面提到的thing, 所以只要找到與代詞含義一致的詞就可搞定。
71空格後面出現「It's similar to the music you listen to,」那麼我們只要分析出其中的「it」的具體指代即可,通過題目及略讀下文,我們很容易知道該文介紹一種音樂,而且第一段故作懸念,一直未給出其名字,所以我們只要找到選項中包含音樂一詞而沒有點名繆扎克一詞的即可,很容易鎖定BC選項,因為B項意義與下文相去甚遠,故舍B取C沒商量。
75空格後出現「They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time.」,同理,我們就要確定「they」的具體指代,首先由於「say」的出現,我們鎖定「they」為人的復數,所以輕松鎖定ADF,所謂真金不怕火來煉,D顯然邏輯不通,F由於其主語也為人,段落第一句永遠不會出現意思不明的代詞(we, you 除外,因為它們可以明確指代廣義的人),故輕松排除F選出真金A。
72此題雖然不是明顯的後文出現代詞,但其前亦有代詞出現,「It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning,」下文承接上文,肯定有聯系,找出「it」的具體指代-the music, 輕松選出B項。(註:也可應用詞彙復現法)
詞彙復現法:情非得已時選擇的一種方法,知道與前後文中有詞彙重復的選項即可,有時也可指含義一致的詞彙,如72
73前文中「but others are happy when their songs are chosen」有「their songs」, F項亦有相同詞彙出現,放進去,意思通曉明白,搞定。
74後文中「Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries.有」percent more「,D項亦有相同詞彙出現,且意思連貫,選出即可。
72題中前句中出現」when people are more tired. 「能夠與」tired「相對應的四選項中只有」energy「,累了對應能量,亦可做出此題。
;⑽ 高中英語閱讀理解技巧
高中英語閱讀理解技巧
高中英語閱讀理解是英語學習中非常重要的一個部分,這部分學習德爾好壞往往關繫到高考英語考試的成與敗,下面由我為大家帶來高中英語閱讀理解技巧,歡迎大家閱讀了解!
【高中英語閱讀理解技巧】
要求讀者把握每段的主題句,弄清段於段之間邏輯關系的基礎上自己歸納總結。主題句必須能簡潔明了地概括全文的主要內容,具有高度的綜合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題句的進一步解釋,說明,論證或擴展. 常見的主題句和主旨型題干:
1) What is the topic sentence of the passage?
2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________. 3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage? 4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
如:Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ____ A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent ecation. D. A good lawyer needs good ecation.
【解題思路】 此文沒有主題句。全篇共四句,只陳述了四個細節(detail)性的事實。因此就答案本身看,個個都對。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來,進行邏輯推理,才能構成一個沒有言明的主題思想(unstated main idea)。由於文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況,即作者想告訴我們的是:Joshua Bingham接受過良好的教育,所以答案是 C。
總之,閱讀水平的提高不是一兩天的閱讀就可以見效的。想要提高閱讀能力,一是要培養良好的閱讀行為習慣;如:要用眼光看,不要用手指去點;要默讀,不要小聲讀。二是要積累大量的詞彙,把閱讀中的高頻難詞熟記,每次閱讀後要整理好生詞,然後記住其意思。三是要廣泛地做課後閱讀,堅持每天讀1-2篇文章。四是不要一遇到生詞就查字典,要先猜其意義,等做完題目後再查字典,以免影響閱讀速度。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。(略讀)
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力。考生必須在十分有限的時間內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節、人物、觀點,並且理清文章脈絡,把握語篇實質。
抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現在文章的'開頭和結尾。 主題句往往對全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用,主旨大意題,歸納概括題,中心思想題往往直接可從主題句中找到答案。
試試看,你能找出下面一段文章的主題句嗎?
The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 不難看出,文章的第一句是主題句,後面的句子都圍繞這個句子展開。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調等,這類題必須經過對作者的態度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然後有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的准確率。
三、 邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者並未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關系,研究細節的暗示,推敲作者的態度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。
四、 猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應用英語的重要能力。它不但需要准確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞彙。我們要學會“順藤摸瓜”,通過構詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。 a. 定義法
It will be very hard but also very brittle...that is, it will break easily. 從後面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。 b. 同位法
They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義,即“城堡”。 c. 對比法
She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一詞表轉折,因此but 前後的意思正相反。後半句的意思是她今天“第一節上了一半才來”,因此反向推理,可得出她平時一向“准時”的結論。
d. 構詞法(前綴、後綴、復合、派生等)
Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.
possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞, 據此可以斷定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。 e. 因果法
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
從後面的結果“永遠不能再運動”中,可以推測 permanent 的意思為“永遠的,永久的”。
五、 養成良好閱讀習慣,潛移默化結碩果。 良好的閱讀習慣:
1. 養成默讀習慣,使注意力集中的文字元號上,糾正唇讀,心讀,喉讀等做法,以免分散精力,影響閱讀速度。
2. 克服指讀、回視、重讀等不良習慣,因為這樣容易使理解只停留在某個詞或句子上,使獲得的信息支離破碎。要善於抓住句子中的核心詞,從一個句子快速地掃視到另一個句子,進行連貫性理解。 英語閱讀能力的培養是一個漸進的復雜過程,要養成每天閱讀英語的習慣,循序漸進,持之以恆,精泛結合,廣泛獵奇。在潛移默化中你會感覺到你的閱讀能力又有了長足的提高。
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