英語科普短文閱讀訓練
Ⅰ 科普類英文閱讀理解題一篇
(09•上海C篇)
「Get your hands off me, I have been stolen,」 the laptop, a portable computer, shouted. That is a new solution to laptop computer theft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken.
The program allows users to display alerts on the missing computer』s screen and even to set a spoken message. Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.
Owners must report their laptop missing by visiting a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow 「lost or stolen」 sign appears on its screen when it is started. Under the latest version（版本）of the software, users can also send a spoken message.
The message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how many times the thief closes it.」 One customer sent a message saying,』 You are being tracked. I am right at your door』,」 said Carrie Hafeman, chief executive of the company which proces the program, Retriever.
In the latest version, people can add a spoken message. For example, the laptop』s speakers will say: 「Help, this laptop is reported lost or stolen. If you are not my owner, report me now.」
The Retriever software package, which costs $29.95 but has a free trial period, has the functions of many security software programs .Owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear that the thief has also got hold of the access details.
If a thief accesses the internet with the stolen laptop, Retriever will collect information on the internet service provider in use, so that the police can be alerted to its location.
Thousands of laptops are stolen every year form homes and offices, but with the use of laptops increasing, the number stolen while their owners are out and about has been rising sharply.
Other security software allows users to erase data remotely or lock down the computer.
72. The expression 「to give the thief a piece of their mind 「can be understood as 「_______」
A. to give the thief an alert mind
B. to express the owners』 anger to the thief
C. to remind the thief of this conscience
D. to make the thief give up his mind
73. Different from other security software, Retriever can .
A. record the stealing process B. help recognize the lost laptop
C. lock down the computer remotely D. send a spoken message
74. One function of the program is that it allows the owner to at a distance.
A. change some access details for switching on the laptop
B. turn on the laptop by using the original password
C. operate the laptop by means of and alternative password
D. erase the information kept in the stolen laptop
75. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?
A. With no Retriever, thousands of laptops are stolen every year.
B. A new soft ware provides a means to rece laptop theft.
C. Retriever has helped to find thieves and lost computers.
D. A new program offers a communication platform with the thief.
答案 72.B 73.D 74.A 75.B
Ⅱ 醫學英語科普文章
身體健康是從物質意義對人的生活質量的理解。下面是我帶來的 醫學英語 科普 文章 ，歡頌慧羨迎閱讀!
醫學英語科普文章1
話說水果、蔬菜和野拍疾病
Five-a-Day "No Benefit" 每日五份沒效果
碧裂One of the most commonly-held beliefs regarding health and nutrition in the UK has beenfound to be untrue, according to a new scientific study.
For many years British people have been recommended to eat at least 'five-a-day' – that isfive items of fruit or vegetables every day in order to improve their health and rece thelikelihood of illness, in particular cancer.
The recommendation was first put forward in 1990 by the World Health Organizationwhich said that the 'five-a-day' diet could prevent cancer and other chronic diseases.
Since then the advice has been a mainstay of public health policies in many developedcountries, such as the UK, where the population eat a high proportion of junk food.
Many health campaigns have promoted the advice, and indeed much food packaging inBritain states how the contents will constitute part of your five-a-day.
However, a study of 500,000 Europeans from 10 different countries refutes the commonly-believed suggestion that up to 50% of cancers could be prevented by increasing the public'sconsumption of fruit and vegetables.
Instead the study, which is led by researchers from a well-respected New York medicalschool, estimates that only 2.5% of cancers could be averted by eating more fruit and veg.
It seems that the key to avoiding cancers is to have an overall healthy lifestyle whichincludes not smoking or drinking a lot of alcohol, taking exercise and avoiding obesity.
But medical charities have spoken out to remind people that diet is an important factor instaying healthy, and that even a 2.5% rection in cancers is still a positive step.
Cancer Research UK said: "It's still a good idea to eat your five-a-day but remember thatfruits and vegetables are pieces in a much larger lifestyle jigsaw."
醫學英語科普文章2
致命的軍團桿菌
legionnaires' disease is a serious and sometimes fatal form of pneumonia. legionnaires' disease is caused by infection with legionella bacteria which are found naturally in the environment and thrive in warm water and warm damp places. man-made water systems sometimes provide environments that let legionella bacteria increase to large numbers. these man-made systems include showers, spa pools, fountains, and air conditioning cooling towers. people usually get legionnaires' disease by breathing in mists that come from a water source contaminated with legionella bacteria.
an estimated 8,000 to 18,000 people get legionnaires' disease in the united states each year. some people can be infected with legionella bacteria and have mild symptoms or no illness at all. patients with legionnaires' disease usually have fever, chills, and a cough, which may be dry or may proce sputum. some patients also have muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, and, occasionally, diarrhea. from the time of infection with legionella bacteria, it takes 2-10 days for symptoms to appear. in most cases, symptoms begin after 5-6 days. legionnaires' disease is treated with antibiotics, such as erythromycin. the earlier that treatment is begun, the better the outcome.
the first known outbreak of legionnaires' disease was in philadelphia, usa, in 1976. a total of 221 people contracted the disease and 34 died. most of those that died were legionnaires and that's how the disease got its name. the second largest outbreak was at the stafford hospital in england in 1985; a total of 101 people contracted the disease and 28 died.
軍團病是一種非常嚴重的、有時可以致命的肺炎。軍團病是由軍團桿菌引起，這種細菌產生在自然環境中，在溫水裡及潮熱的地方蔓延。人工供水系統有時也能為軍團桿菌的大量繁殖提供生存環境。這些系統包括淋浴器、礦泉池、噴泉以及空調設備的冷卻水塔。人們通常是由於呼吸了被軍團桿菌污染的水源散發的水霧而傳染上軍團病的。
據估計，在美國每年都有國每年都有8000~18000人感染上軍團病。有些軍團病感染者所表現出來的症狀比較溫和，甚至根本就沒有得病的跡象。軍團病患者通常有發燒、畏寒及乾咳或咳痰等表現。部分患者還有肌肉疼痛、頭痛、疲勞、食慾不振及偶爾腹瀉等症狀。這種病的潛伏期約為的潛天。許多病例表明，出現症狀需要狀需要5~6天的時間。軍團病可以用紅黴素等抗生素進行治療，越早治療效果越好。
軍團病已知的首次爆發是在發是1976年美國費城，221人感染疾病，其中死亡34人。由於大多的死者都是軍團成員，因此稱為軍團病。該病的第二次大爆發是1985年在英國的斯塔福德醫院。這次101個被感染者中有28人死亡。
醫學英語科普文章3
女性最佳生育年齡
For women who want to have children, planning the right time is a difficult decision. In recent years, many women have opted to put off having kids until their late 20s and well into their 30s — focusing on finishing school, building their careers, traveling, and maybe even paying down their student loans before taking the leap into parenthood. Statistics show that women are waiting longer and longer to have kids — the current average age of first-time moms is up to 26.3, up from 24.9 just 15 years ago.
對於想要孩子的女性來說，合適的時間是一個艱難的決定。近年來，很多女性選擇在20歲末甚至30多歲才要孩子，主要原因是她們忙於完成學業、發展職業生涯、旅行、甚至選擇在為人父母之前償還助學貸款。數據表明，女性的生育年齡越來越晚——生第一胎的平均年齡從15年前的24.9歲上升到現在的是26.3歲。
The choice to have children is extremely personal and of course there’s no wrong answer when it comes to being ready to be a mom. But according to Dr. Gillian Lockwood, medical director at the Midland Fertility Clinic in the UK, there is an ideal age when our bodies are best suited to pregnancy. Can you guess what it is?
要孩子的選擇是一個非常私人的話題，選擇什麼時候做母親都沒有錯。但是英國米德蘭生育診所的醫學主任Gillian Lockwood表示，我們的身體有一個最佳的生育年齡。你能猜到是多少歲嗎?
I’ll give you a hint: it’s when many of us have a quarter-life crisis. Also: when it finally becomes affordable to rent a car.
提醒一下：最佳的生育年齡是在大多數人的“青年危機”時，也是我們終於能租得起車的時候。
Yep. According to Lockwood, the ideal age to get pregnant is 25.
Lockwood表示，是的，最佳的生育年齡是25歲。
Unfortunately, says Dr. Lockwood, it’s also the age when motherhood is low on many women’s list of priorities. She explained in the Evening Standard:
Lockwood醫生說，不幸的是，對很多25歲的女性來說，成為母親並不在她們的優先任務清單上面。Lockwood醫生在《倫敦標准晚報》上解釋說：
“Age 25 is exactly the time when today’s young women have left university, are trying to get off on a good career, trying to pay back their student loans, trying to find someone who wants to have babies with them and trying to get on the housing ladder.”
“25歲的當代年輕女性剛剛大學 畢業 ，事業起步，忙於償還助學貸款，找男朋友，努力買房。”
Dr. Lockwood also had some harsh words about fertility treatments being marketed as a viable option to women over 40. “The bleak reality is that the chance of IVF working with your own eggs once you are 40 is absolutely abysmal,” she said. “Would we let, yet alone encourage, patients to pay for an elective operation with a less than five percent chance of working?” While that may be Dr. Lockwood’s opinion, plenty of wannabe parents may be happy to take those chances.
Lockwood醫生還批判了向40多歲女性推銷不孕療法的行為。“事實很殘酷，如果你超過了40歲，用卵子進行體外受精的成功幾率非常低，”她說。“誰會允許甚至鼓勵病人做成功幾率低於5%的擇期手術?”這是Lockwood醫生的觀點，但仍有很多想要孩子的父母很願意抓住這些機會。
It’s worth reiterating that there are so many factors that inform the choice to have kids and only you can decide when — and IF — you want to become a mother. Whether you choose to have kids at 20, 30, 40, or beyond; biologically, through a surrogate, or via adoption, always listen to your own body and make the decision that makes sense for your own life. You know what’s right for you.
特別強調的是，很多因素會影響要孩子的時間，只有你自己可以決定是否想成為一位母親。不管你是在20歲、30歲、40歲甚至更大的年齡要孩子，是自己生、代孕還是收養，你都要聽從自己的身體，做出對生活有意義的選擇。你知道什麼是最適合自己的。
Ⅲ 英文科普短文
The Internet is a giant network of computers located all over the world that communicate with each other. The Internet is an international collection of computer networks` that all understand a standard system of addresses and commands, connected together through backbone systems. It was started in 1969, when the U.S. Department of Defence established a nationwide network to connect a handful of universities and contractors. The original idea was to increase computing capacity that could be shared by users in many locations and to find out what it would take for computer networks to survive a nuclear war or other disaster by providing multiple path between users. People on the ARPNET (as this nationwide network was originally called) quickly discovered that they could exchange messages and conct electronic "conferences" with distant colleagues for purposes that had nothing to do with the military instrial complex. If somebody else had something interesting stored on their computer, it was a simple matter to obtain a (assuming the owner did not protect it). Over the years, additional networks joined which added access to more and more computers. The first international connections, to Norway and England, were added in 1973. Today thousands of networks and millions of computers are connected to the Internet. It is growing so quickly that nobody can say exactly how many users "On the Net". The Internet is the largest repository of information which can provide very very large network [參考譯文] Internet是由位於世界各地相互通信的計算機連接而成的巨大的計算機網路。 Internet是計算機網路的國際性的集合，這些網路都符合具有地址和命令的標准體系，並經骨幹網連在一起。Internet始建於1969年，當時美國國防部為連接少數幾所大學和協議企業而建立了一個全國性網路。最初的想法是要增加計算機能力並可由許多地點的用戶共享，並且通過提供用戶間多條路徑來找到哪一種計算機網路能夠在核戰或其他災難中倖存。ARPNET（這種全國網路最初的名稱）上的用戶很快就發現他們可以與遠距離的同事交換消息，並且進行某種目的的電子「會議」，而這些目的與軍事工業企業沒有任何關系。如果另外一些人在其計算機中存有有趣的東西，得到其拷貝是很容易的事（假定擁有者沒有進行保護）。 幾年間，新的網路接入使越來越多的計算機加入進來。在1973年進行了第一次與挪威和英國的國際連接。今天，有成千上萬的計算機網路和數百萬台計算機與Internet相連。Internet發展如此之快以至於沒有人能准確地說出網上有多少用戶。 Internet是最大的信息寶庫，它可以提供非常巨大的網路資源。這種網路資源可分為網路設備資源和網路信息資源。網路設備資源使我們能夠進行遠程計算和通信。網路信息資源向我們提供各種各樣的信息服務，如科學、教育、商務、歷史、法律、藝術和娛樂等等。
Ⅳ 求一篇一百字左右的英語科普文，越簡單越好，是科普類型就好，初中、小學水平都可以，及翻譯
PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE
Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn't put the clock back to an earlier age. Knowledge and techniques can't just be forgotten. Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. Even if all government money for research were cut off (and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology. Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn't succeed. All it would do is slow down the rate of change.
Ⅳ 求5篇200字的英語閱讀小短文,(小學六年級的,科普版英語教材)！
First, English is a world language. It is said that you can communicate everywhere if you know English. Second, China is opposed to the opportunity to develop is economy worldwide.It is essential to know other countries' economic and cultural background. English is the key to the success. Third, more and more foreigners are interested in Chinese literature and culture. Mastering the English, we can better promote our heritage and let more people understand and like China. 摘自《 蘇教版小學六年級金卷》
Ⅵ 英語科普類文章
科普 教育 對我國小康社會、和諧社會的建設有著重要的意義。下面是我帶來的英語科普類 文章 ，歡迎閱讀!
英語科普類文章1
聽點小音樂 輕松學分數
Stuck on a tricky math problem? Start clapping. Grade school kids who learned about fractions through a rhythm-and-music-based curriculum outperformed their peers in traditional math classes. The work is inEcational Studies in Mathematics.
被一條數學題難住了?拍拍手試試吧。研究表明，小學生在有節奏感的音樂背景下學習分數知識的效果會好於傳統課堂(具體研究發表在《數學教育研究》上的《學術性音樂：如何用音樂輔助三年級小學生學習基礎分數》一文，作者：蘇珊·科瑞等)。
Fractions let you divide up a measure of music into notes of varying length. For example, one four-beat measure could contain a single whole note held for all four beats, two half notes of two beats apiece, four quarter notes of a beat each, and so on. In the Academic Music program, based on the Kodaly method of musical ecation, students clap, drum and chant to memorize the lengths of musical notes—then solve problems in which fractional notes must add up to a full measure of music.
根據分數的概念，一節音樂可分成長短不一的幾串音符。例如，一節四拍子的調子可包含一個代表四拍子的全音符，兩個各代表一個二拍子的二分音符，四個各代表一個一拍子的四分音符……以此類推。在“學術性音樂”項目中，研究人員以科達伊的音樂教育 方法 為基礎，讓學生通過打拍子、敲鼓、合唱記住各音符的長度，學生必須把這些片段加起來，才能得到一節完整的音樂——如此實踐可解決學生對分數的疑惑。
Sixty-seven students participated in the study. Half did math problems using the Academic Music system. And after six weeks, the students in the music program averaged 50 percent higher on tests than did the kids in regular math class. Fractions create a solid foundation for further math ecation—so mastering them is music to ecators' ears.
有67名學生作為實驗對象參與了本次研究，其中有一半在“學術性音樂”體系下解決數學問題。六周後，他們在測試中的得分要比普通班級中的學生平均高50%。分數是進一步進行數學知識教學的基礎——如此看來，這還多虧了教育者的耳朵。
英語科普類文章3
十萬年前的顏料工作室
Archeologists have discovered a paint proction studio in an ancient South African cave A new archaeological find may signify one of the great leaps in human cultural and cognitive history. Because researchers have discovered a 100,000-year-old art studio. It was known that ochre—rock with red or yellow pigments—was used for paint even that far back in history. But there was scant evidence for how it was prepared and handled. Then, in 2008, researchers uncovered an ochre mixing kit in a South African cave. They found two abalone shells, most likely used for paint mixing and storage. They also found ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones and hammerstones. The researchers say the ochre was probably rubbed on quartzite slabs to create a fine powder. It was then mixed and heated with other crushed substances, including other stones or mammal-bone. Microscopic striations on the inner abalone surface likely are likely scrape marks left ring paint mixing. The research was published in the journal Science. The paint may have been used for body adornment or for long-gone artwork. And the presence of this paint-proction laboratory indicates that the early humans knew basic chemistry and could plan for the future.
考古學家在南非的一個古老洞穴中發現了一個油漆製作工作室。這個新的考古發現可能是人類 文化 和認知歷史的最偉大的跨越之一。因為研究人員發現的這個工作室產生於十萬年前。眾所周知，擁有紅色或黃色色素的赭石岩一直被廣泛運用於繪畫中，但卻少有證據顯示它是如何製作並運用的。2008年，研究人員 在南非的山洞中發現了赭石混合工具， 兩個可能用於調漆和儲存的鮑魚殼，除此之外他們還發現了赭石，骨頭，炭筆和石錘。研究人員稱，這些赭石很有可能經過在石英岩板上仔細研磨後，得到上等的粉末，然後再與 其他石頭或者是哺乳動物的粉末混合並加熱。用顯微鏡觀察鮑魚殼的內表面，你可以發現一些刮痕，這些都有可能是在混合顏料的過程中留下來的。這個發現已經被刊登在科學期刊上。這些顏料可能一直被運用在人體 彩繪 和長久失傳的藝術品上。而且這些顏料製作工作室的存在表明了早期人類對化學已有了基本的了解並具有了規劃未來的能力。顏料工具的一小步，人類歷史的一大步——辛西亞莫。
英語科普類文章3
你知道發燒的妙處嗎?
Fever can play a variety of roles, such as inhibiting pathogen replication. It also apparently increases the population of killer T cells of the immune system. Christopher Intagliata reports.
發燒有多種不同的作用，如抑制病菌復制。它還可以顯著增加免疫系統中殺傷性T細胞的數量。
I've always thought that when I get a fever, it's my body trying to make things uncomfortable for the invading pathogen. And that's often true—higher temperatures can inhibit the bad guys' ability to replicate. But my fever may actually be a one-two-punch. In addition to slowing down the invader, the heat helps the immune system recruit more troops for a counter-attack. That finding appears in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology.
我很早就知道，發燒的時候，其實是我的身體正在對入侵的病原體做出抵抗。這是事實---高溫可以抑制壞病菌復制的能力。但發燒更是一個組合打擊。除了減緩病原體的入侵，高溫可以幫助免疫系統召集更多的部隊做出抵抗。這一研究發表在《白細胞生物學雜志》。
Researchers warmed up one group of mice to body temperatures of about 103 degrees Fahrenheit. They left another group at normal core temperature—about the same as ours. Then they injected both groups of mice with an antigen, a substance that attracts the attention of the immune system.
研究人員將一組老鼠的體溫升高到103華氏度，另外一組保持正常體溫---大約是人體溫度。然後向這兩組老鼠的體內注射抗原——一種會引起免疫系統反應的物質。
Blood samples taken three days later revealed that the feverish mice had nearly twice as many killer T-cells: the kind of immune cells that can hunt down infected cells or tumor cells, and slaughter them.
三天後，這兩組老鼠的血樣表明，體溫較高老鼠組體內的殺傷性T細胞是正常組的2倍，這種免疫細胞可以追蹤感染細胞或癌細胞，並將其消滅。
So when you're sick and you get the chills, the authors say, your body may be trying to tell you to hop under some blankets. Lie down, warm up and send a message. The heat is on.
所以，當你生病或感到寒冷時，表示你的身體正直向你傳達信息--裹條毯子。躺在床上吧，熱起來，身體自會做出反應。熱度來襲啊。
Ⅶ 英語科普類文章有哪些
1、To Pull up the Seedlings to Help Them Grow “拔苗助長”
Once upon a time, there was an old farmer who planted a plot of rice. After he planted the seedlings, every day he went to the field to watch the seedlings grow. He saw the young shoots break through the soil and grow taller each day, but still, he thought they were growing too slowly. Eventually he got impatient with the young plants and suddenly he hit upon an idea that one by one, he pulled up the young plants by half an inch. The next early morning, the young man couldn’t wait to check his “achievement”, but he was heart-broken to see all the pulled-up young plants dying.
從前，有個農夫，種了稻苗(seedlings)後，便希望能早早收成。每天他到稻田時，都發覺那些稻苗長得非常慢。他等得很不耐煩。想了又想，他終於想到一個“最佳方法”，他將稻苗全都拔高了幾分。第二天，一早起身，他迫不及待地去稻田看他的“成果”。 哪知，卻看到所有的稻苗都枯萎了。
2、Plugging One’s Ears While Stealing a Bell “掩耳盜鈴”
Once upon a time, there was a man who wanted to steal his neighbor’s doorbell. However, he knew clearly that the bell would ring and catch the other people’s attention as long as he touched the bell. So he thought hard and suddenly hit on a clever “idea”. He plugged his ears with something, thinking that everything would go well when he stole the bell. Unfortunately to his disappointment, the bell still rang loudly and he was caught on the spot as a thief.
從前，有一個人想偷鄰居門上的鈴，但是他知道一碰到鈴，鈴就會響起來，被人發現。他想啊想，終於他想出一個“妙極”，他把自己的耳朵用東西塞起來，就聽不見鈴聲了。但是當他去偷鈴時，鈴聲仍舊響起來，他被別人當場抓住。
3、The Fox and the Crow “狐狸和烏鴉”
One day a crow stood on a branch near his nest and felt very happy with the meat in his mouth. At that time, a fox saw the crow with the meat, so he swallowed and eagerly thought of a plan to get the meat. However, whatever the fox said to the crow, the crow just kept silent. Until the fox thought highly of the crow’s beautiful voice, the crow felt flattered and opened his mouth to sing. As soon as the meat fell down to the ground, the fox took the meat and went into his hole.
有一天,一隻烏鴉站在窩旁的樹枝上嘴裡叼著一片肉，心裡非常高興。這時候，一隻狐狸看見了烏鴉，饞得直流口水，非常想得到那片肉。但是，無論狐狸說什麼，烏鴉就是不理睬狐狸。最後，狐狸贊美烏鴉的嗓音最優美，並要求烏鴉唱幾句讓他欣賞欣賞。烏鴉聽了狐狸贊美的話，得意極了，就唱起歌來。沒想到，肉一掉下來，狐狸就叼起肉，鑽回了洞。
Ⅷ 英語閱讀訓練方法
英語閱讀訓練方法
閱讀理解能力是衡量外語水平的重要標志之一，對絕大多數學生來說，閱讀理解，也是他們將來直接運用外語能力的一個最重要的方面。下面是我整理的關於英語閱讀理解的訓練的方法，歡迎大家閱讀了解!
一、閱讀理解的目的
近年來，短文閱讀理解是分值最高的一道大題，為什麼這種題的分值這么高?其訓練的目的又是什麼呢?通過十年的教學體會，我們總結歸納為以下兩點：
1.提高學生對書面外語的閱讀能力：即懂得按照不同的閱讀目的，採用不同的閱讀方法，進而提高閱讀的速度。
2.提高學生對書面外語的理解能力：即獲取具體信息的能力，對閱讀材料進行分析、推理與判斷的能力以及對閱讀內容進行評價的能力。分析、推理與判斷的能力以及對閱讀內容進行評價的能力。
閱讀的目的是理解，閱讀能力直接為理解服務。理解能力是閱讀能力的演化。這就是閱讀與理解的辨證關系。在實際教學中教師應處理好這一關系。
二、閱讀理解考查的重點
閱讀理解題，有議論文、記敘文、說明文、應用文、對話等等，涉及社會教育、風俗文化、史地知識、科技、政治、經濟、日常生活、傳記、人物等諸多方面。這種試題題型一般包括一些信息題、是非題和推理、演算題等等。其測試的重點不外乎有以下幾點：
1.字面理解試題(literal comprehension)
這是一種最簡單的試題，其特點是答案明確具體，一般從閱讀材料中可以直接找到答案。如辨認文章中事件發生的時間、順序，人物的外貌、特徵，它們與事件的因果關系。
2.推斷理解試題(inferential comprehension)
這種題要求學生根據文章結構，掌握所讀材料的主旨、大意以及說明主旨和大意的事實和細節。既要理解具體的事實，也要理解抽象的概念;既要理解字面意思，也要理解深層含義，或弦外之音，分析作者提出的觀點、態度，進而從字里行間推測作者沒有說明的意圖、含蓄的內容，從中悟出作者的目的。
3.綜合評價試題(evaluation)
這是閱讀理解中最高的一個層次。它要求學生能憑著他們應有的常識、價值觀，充分運用閱讀材料以及自己的閱讀經驗對閱讀內容做出自己的分析與評價。
三、閱讀理解的答題方法及步驟
閱讀理解不存在語法問題。答題時只能根據文章意思進行判斷。在一般情況下，閱讀理解題可以採用以下兩種方法：
(1)先通讀全文再答題。
(2)先看題目及四個選項再讀全文。
無論我們採用那種方法，在閱讀中，要善於抓住文章的關鍵詞或句。千萬不要糾纏文章中的某些細節而影響掌握全文大意。要緊緊圍繞五個Wh-questions，即when, where, what, who, how來解決某些特定的問題，迅速地查找需要了解的信息。因此，做題時我們一般應採取的步驟是：
(1)認真仔細地閱讀文章，掌握文章的中心思想、主要內容以及與之有關的細節。
(2)對文章後的題目，要逐項進行分析比較，排除非正確項，從文章的本意中尋找答案，要忠實於原文，而不是以自己的主觀想像為根據，想當然地進行判斷、選擇。
(3)確定你所選的正確答案的內容能落實到文章中的某一個或幾個具體的句子。也可以利用排除法(否定法)，最後確定一個正確答案。
(4)在做科普、史地知識短文(客觀真理性文章)時，可以聯系平時學到的知識進行選擇判斷。這也是閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求。
四、閱讀中存在的問題
學生在閱讀時主要存在以下幾方面的問題：
1.逐字逐句地閱讀。用手指著單詞一字一字，一行一行地讀。這既減慢了閱讀的速度，又會使你不能准確地理解全文而只停留在某個單詞、短語或句子上，使你所獲得的信息支離破碎，最終導致理解上的偏差。
2.左右擺頭。
3.小聲朗讀或在心裡默讀。
4.過分重視細節，忽略對文章整體理解。即人們所說的"只見樹木，不見森林"。
5.缺乏自信，過分依賴字典。
五、如何培養和提高學生的閱讀理解能力
我們知道了閱讀理解的目的、考查的重點、答題的`方法及步驟，也了解了我們存在的問題，那麼在今後的教學過程中我們應該如何注意培養和提高學生們的閱讀理解能力呢?
1.選擇閱讀方法。教師要注意教會學生按照題目的要求及目的選擇使用不同的閱讀方法。
(1)詳讀(seanning)：通過詳讀能尋找到某種具體的資料和信息，並對材料從表層到深層進行層層理解。
(2)閱讀(skimming)：其目的只是為了獲取、知道文章的內容大意，例如，simple stories for enjoyment, news, letters from friends, news from the local paper.因為這些內容對你的閱讀理解文章無大妨礙，而且簡單，清晰明了，故只需略讀即可。
2.要樹立自信心。不要一遇到生詞就退縮，就查字典，要學會充分利用上下文，上下句來推斷出該詞的意思。也可以利用構詞法(合成、轉化和派生)來猜測。請看下面例子：
All through the night Lincoln fought with death. At 7:22 in the morning it was all over. The great man was at peace with world.劃線這個短語同學們可能沒見過，但是沿著事態發展的邏輯推理，自然會得出是"與世長辭"這一結論。
3.抓住核心詞。上面的做法可以幫助我們掃除生詞的障礙，在理解過程中起了一個"橋梁"的作用，這是非常重要的。因此，我們還要學會抓住核心詞。要知道人們在表達思想的過程中，由於修辭學上或其他方面的需要，往往使用了一些作用不大的修飾詞語。因此，要想准確、明了地理解文章，我們則要把著眼點放在核心詞上，放在理解句子內部結構的關繫上。
Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to t ell me about it.從上面這個句子不難看出劃線部分就是這段話的核心詞。
4.抓住主題句。在多數文章中，開篇的首句或前幾句就揭示了文章的主題，而每一段的首句或未句就為該段的主題句或核心句。這樣的例子在教材中還有很多，有經驗的教師在教學中都是能教會學生這一本領的。
5.適當進行強化訓練。學生每英語課外，絕少有機會接觸和使用英語。尤其是理科的學生，他們又不十分重視英語這一學科的學習。因此有必要進行強化練習。我們的做法是："每天五分鍾，天天跟我學。"我們利用每天上課的前5分鍾對學生進行閱讀強化訓練。每次一篇，後附幾個問題，做完後統一給出正確答案，解決疑難問題，不留後遺症。限時閱讀的好處有以下幾點：
第一，語言學習必須提高復現率，持之以恆，才能進步與提高。
第二，有利於培養學生集中注意力。
第三，教師可隨時糾正錯誤的閱讀習慣，利於良好習慣的養成。
第四，利於教師有計劃、有目的、循序漸進地進行教學。
6.激發興趣，學會"覓食"。通過閱讀，學生學到許多課本上沒有的知識，這不僅擴大了他們的視野和知識面，更激發了他們閱讀的積極性和求知慾。為了保持學生的積極性我們把課堂延伸到課外，學生由"要我讀"，變成"我要讀"。教師引導他們讀一些簡易報刊、暢銷書等。
另外，我們還定期舉辦"新聞發布會"，讓學生把他們課外讀到的有興趣、有意義的"精華"講出來，與大家共欣賞，共分享。同學們在閱讀中嘗到了喜悅，體驗到了成功，學生們非常高興。難怪有人說：“課外閱讀是教師最得力的助手。"這話確實不假。
7.通過大量的實踐練習，我們在做閱讀理解文章時，主要要求學生從以下幾個方面進行思考：
A.文章的篇章結構方面：
a. The main idea is…
b. The passage mainly tells us…
c. Form this story you may tell…
d. From this passage we can say…
e. According to the text, we may conclude…
f. What do you think about…
g. Choose the right order of…
h. The story doesn't say so, but it makes you think that…
i. It's inferred that…
B.文章的題目：
a. The best topic/title for this passage should be…
b. What's the best topic/title for this passage?
c. A good topic/title for this passage is…
d. Reading the headlines people can know…
C.文章的單詞、短語、句子釋意：
a. Which of the following statement is(not)right/wrong?
b."…"sentence、word、phrase、title in the passage means…
;Ⅸ 科普類英語文章
隨著科學技術的飛速發展和全球化進程的不斷加快，科普 文章 在向社會大眾普及科學技術知識，提高公眾科學素養等方面發揮著舉足輕重的作用。下面是我帶來的科普類英語文章，歡迎閱讀!
科普類英語文章
生物與環境平衡的危機
The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man’s assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. "Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation," as a scientist has said.
It took hundreds of millions of years to proce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.
The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic5 creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.
To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man’s life but the life of generations. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man’s war against nature. Since the mid 1940’s over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as "pests."
It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.
地球上生命的歷史一直就是一部生物與其環境相互作用的歷史。在很大程度上，地球上動植物的形態以及習性都是由外部環境所塑造的。考慮到地球上生命存在的整個時間，相反作用，即生命對其周圍環境的實際改變作用，卻相對很小。只有在當前這個世紀(指20世紀)才有一個物種--人類，獲得了強大的力量，改變了其所生存的世界的自然狀態。
在過去的1/4世紀中，這種力量不僅日趨強大，而且其性質也發生了變化。在人類破壞環境的種種行為中，最令人擔憂的是人類向大氣、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危險甚至致命物質，而當今這種污染在很大程度上是無法挽救的。在當今這種對環境的普遍污染中，化學製品與輻射狼狽為奸，改變著地球的自然狀態，也就是改變著地球上生命的自然狀態。噴灑到農田、森林或者花園里的化學物質長期滯留於土壤中，滲入有機體內，並彼此相傳，形成了一個中毒與死亡的鏈條。化學物質還神秘地通過地下水傳遞，最終以新的形式出現並結合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，並使飲用一度純凈的井水的人遭受了不明之害。正如一位科學家所言：“人類甚至對自己創造的惡魔都不認識。”
地球歷經了許多億年才創造了棲息其上的生命。經過了一定時間--不是以若干年計而是以若干千年計的時間--生命開始適應環境，並形成了一種與環境的平衡。但是在現代世界中，時間這一因素已經沒有了。
環境改變的速度不再順從大自然從容不迫的節奏，而是順從人類急切匆匆的步伐。輻射是當今人類通過支配原子而得到的一種非自然的創造物。化學製品則是人類有發明創造力的頭腦創造出來的合成物，在自然界本無相應的東西。
為了適應這些化學製品，人類需要付出的時間不會只是一個人一生的時間，而是幾代人的時間。而即使這樣，就算出現奇跡成為可能，這種適應也是徒勞的，因為新的化學製品從我們的實驗室中源源不斷地湧出。僅在美國，每年就有大約500種化學製品投入使用，其中許多是用於人類對自然的戰爭中。從20世紀40年代中期起，人類已經創造了200多種基本化學製品用來消滅昆蟲、野草以及其他所謂的“有害生物”。
我不是說人類決不能使用化學殺蟲劑。我要說的是，我們不分青紅皂白地將這些有毒的、具有強大生物功能的化學製品，交給了那些對這些製品的潛在危害基本上或者完全無知的人去使用。我們使眾多的人接觸這些有毒物質，卻沒有徵得他們的同意，並常常將他們蒙在鼓中。我還要說的一點是，我們允許使用這些化學製品，卻事先很少或者根本沒有調查它們對土壤、水、野生生物以及人類自身造成的影響。我們缺乏對萬物賴以生存的自然界生態統一的關心，對此，我們的後代是不可能原諒的。
科普類英語文章
基因技術能否使人更聰明?Get Smart
Many people dream of having a smarter brain. Princeton neurobiologist Joseph Z. Tsien found the key. In September he announced that he’d built a better mouse by altering a gene that affects learning and memory. A similar process of gene manipulation might conceivably be used one day to boost intelligence in humans.
The secret lies in a feature of brain cells called the nmda receptor, which Tsien likens[1] to a cylindrical tube or window that mediates[2] the flow of information. When the window is open, chemicals called neurotransmitters flow through easily and memory is registered and stored. But as organisms mature, the window begins to close. (This may explain why children lose their facility for learning new languages when they reach sexual maturity and why some people suffer memory loss as they age.)
Tsien noticed that the receptor worked more efficiently when teamed[3] with the gene NR2B, so he introced extra NR2B genes into a batch of fertilized mouse eggs. In a normal mouse, the memory window is open for just 150-thousandths of a second. In Tsien’s specially engineered mice, the window opens for 250-thousandths of a second, long enough to make a remarkable difference in memory retention. When he pitted[4] his mice against common mice, they won paws down. Ordinary mice could recognize a Lego block for 12 hours, but smart mice could remember the block for up to three days. "That’s a profound enhancement," Tsien says.
Can it be done with humans? Maybe, but genetic engineering will have to make some extraordinary advances first. And some thorny ethical issues will have to be resolved. Meanwhile, Tsien promises to keep his furry little geniuses locked up in a lab, far from your larder. "Otherwise," he says, "you might need a smart cat or a smart mousetrap to catch them."
許多人都希望自己能變成更聰明。普林斯頓神經生物學家Joseph Z. Tsien就找到了這把開啟智慧之門的鑰匙：他於九月宣布，通過改變影響學習和記憶能力的基因培養出了一隻聰明的老鼠。類似的基因處理技術有望在未來日子裡運用到人腦，以推動人類智慧的飛躍。
該技術的奧秘就在於名為nmda感受器的腦細胞的功能。Tsien將其比作一個傳遞信息流的圓柱通道或窗口。當窗口開放時，某種稱為神經傳遞素的化學物質就能輕易流過，記憶因此登記並存儲了下來。然而，當器官成熟時，這扇窗口就開始關閉。(這也能解釋為何 兒童 長大後(性器官成熟之時)會失去掌握新語言的能力，以及為何某些人年老時會患失憶)。
Tsien注意到，當感受器與名為NR2B的基因協作時效率會更高。因此，他將NR2B基因植入一批老鼠的受精卵中。一隻普通老鼠的記憶之窗僅開放千分之150秒。而經Tsien植入基因的老鼠，記憶之窗能開放千分之250秒，這已經能夠使其 記憶力 發生驚人的改變。當他讓自己的老鼠與普通老鼠互斗時，它們竟能輕而易舉地取勝。普通老鼠能夠保留關於Lego block的記憶12小時，而聰明的老鼠居然能將記憶保持三天。“這可是一個意義深遠的進步。”Tsien這樣說。
那麼，人類也能接受這種基因移植嗎? 或許可以，但前提是基因工程得首先做出非凡的成就，還必須解決一系列棘手的倫理問題。Tsien保證他一定會將那些披著毛皮的小天才鎖入實驗室，遠離人們的食品櫃。“否則，”他說，“為了捉住他們，人們就不得不去尋找更聰明的貓或者功能更強的捕鼠器了。”
科普類英語文章
食用轉基因食品安全嗎?Food Safe To Eat?
Traditional plant breeding involve s crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally.For example，disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these properties.This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable.
Genetic engineering(GE)involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each other.GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species――e.g.putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes.It is possible that a scorpion toxin gene，even when it is in maize DNA，will still get the organism to proce scorpion toxin――but what other effects may it have in this alien environment?We are already seeing this problem――adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow――but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed，which was entirely unpredictable.
It will be obvious，for example，that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA――but what side-effect would it have?In other words，is GM food safe to eat?The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out.
Companies wanting a GM proct approved in the UK or USA are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests.Monsanto’s soya beans were apparently fed to fish for10weeks before being approved.There was no requirement for independent testing，for long-term testing，for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people.
The current position of the UK Government is that“ There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.”In the US，the American Food and Drug Administration is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods.
傳統的植物培育 方法 ，是依照植物自然雜交的方式，進行相同物種的人工雜交。比如，抗病小麥同高產小麥雜交，形成了一種具有雙重特性的新的小麥品種。這種自然的基因交換既安全，又具有相當的可預見性。
基因工程是在彼此毫無關系的物種之間，相互交換在自然條件下無法交換的基因。它可在有巨大差異的物種之間進行基因交換。比如，將蠍子毒素基因注入玉米，或者將魚防凍基因注入西紅柿。即使在玉米DNA中，蠍子毒素基因依然可能獲得有機組織產生蠍子毒素。但是在這種異質的環境中，這種基因產品會有什麼其他作用嗎?我們實際上已經發現這個問題：將人類生長荷爾蒙基因植入豬的體內，一定會使豬的生長加速，但是同時也使豬患上了關節炎和內斜視，而這一切是完全無法預測的。
打個比方，人類的智力基因顯而易見在人體DNA內和注入捲心菜DNA後的作用是不同的。但將它植入捲心菜中會產生什麼樣的副作用呢?換句話說，食用轉基因食品安全嗎?沒有人知道答案，因為人們尚未進行長期的測試。
在英國或者美國，一個公司如果希望其轉基因產品獲得批准，它必須向管理機構提供本公司轉基因產品安全測試的結果。Monsanto的大豆在獲得批准之前，曾用了10周時間進行喂魚試驗。目前，尚無要求對轉基因產品進行獨立測試、長期測試、人體測試，或者就其對兒童及過敏者所造成的特定危險進行測試。
英國政府目前的態度是：“尚無證據表明食用轉基因食品存在長期性的危險。”在美國，人們正在起訴美國食品葯品管理局掩蓋轉基因食品安全性的研究結果，這些研究結果表明，食用轉基因食品可能導致危險。