英語閱讀題題庫主旨題
1. 高考英語閱讀:主旨大意題的解題技巧
高考英語閱讀:主旨大意題的解題技巧
馬上就要高考了，我整理了一些比較有針對性的高考英語復習技巧資料給大家參考，希望可以幫助同學們提高自身綜合英語能力，戰勝高考。
一、主旨大意題的命題形式
主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的歸納概括能力。這類試題包括要求考生選出短文的標題(title, headline)、短文或段落的主題(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的寫作目的(purpose或為傳遞信息、或為愉悅讀者、或為闡述某一道理)等。這類題的設問方式主要有：
(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.
(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is______.
(3)The text is mainly about ______.
(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.
(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.
(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?
(7)What is the main idea of this passage?
(8)What is the passage mainly about?
(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?
(13)What would be the best title for the text?
(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______
(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.
(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.
(18)What is the author's main purpose?
(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?
(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.
(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?
二、尋找主題句的方法
正確的解答這類題目的關鍵是准確地找出文章的主題句。一般來說，一篇文章常常會圍繞著一個中心思想或一個主要話題展開，而這個話題又常常通過一個能比較全面地覆蓋或概括文章意思的句子，即所謂的“主題句”來體現。那麼，主題句通常在哪裡呢?(1)主題句在文首;(2)主題句在文中;(3)主題句在文末;(4)主題句以首尾呼應的形式出現在文首和文末。
1. 主題句在文首
這類文章寫法上的特點是：文章的第一句起著點題的作用，概括了文章的主要內容或信息，下文接著對主題句所涉及的話題進行具體的`闡述。如：(全國高考題)
A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to beproud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(階梯)out of 4 millionstudents taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (競賽)onTuesday evening.
The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
"Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is justunbelievable!" said a teacher from Guangdong province.
Named after China's most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986,one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State EcationCommission(國家教委) as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind.
This news story is mainly about ______.
A. when the contest started
B. how the contest got its name
C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
【分析】這是一篇報道，文章的第一段只有兩句話：“20個學生(2女18男)有充分的理由為自己感到自豪，因為他們奪得了第五屆華羅庚杯數學競賽的金獎，是4百萬參賽學生中的佼佼者”，下文接著對競賽的有關情況進行報道，因此，第一段實際上就是這篇報道的主題句。A、B、C分別只包含了報道的部分信息，顯然不合題意;D選項與主題句的意思完全一致，因此是正確答案。
2. 主題句在文中
這類文章寫法上的特點是：開始部分是引題，接著是點題，最後是對主題進行敘述，主題句常常起著承上啟下的作用。如：(全國高考題)
Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways.Some fat people have a large stomach and nowaistline—which makes them look round, rather likeapples. Others are fatter below the waist, whichmakes them appear pear-shaped.
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat underthe skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining therelationship between health and fatness, have found that the 'pears' have less internal fat, butthe 'apples' have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the healthproblems.
The best treatment for fatness is to rece the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems thatdieting (節食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shapedperson into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of recing the internalrather than external fat.
2. 初中英語閱讀理解題型
初中英語閱讀理解題型
英語閱讀理解題是中考英語常見的題型之一,且佔比分較大,讓學生熟悉常見的題型,掌握正確的答題技巧及解題步驟,可收到"事半功倍"的效果。下面就由我來跟大家介紹一下初中英語閱讀理解常見題型及答題技巧吧!
【初中英語閱讀理解題型及解題技巧】
(一)主旨題
主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時，應通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開，主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。
(二)細節題
細節題是用來進一步表達主題，體現中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時，應快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數字等，閱讀時要有針對性。
(三)推斷題
推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論，主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，應根據短文中的相關語句，對與事實有關的細節加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。
(四)猜測詞義題
猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞，大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞，學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然後將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。
(五)正誤判斷題
正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節，給出一個句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對較小。做此類題時，應先看題，後帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。 初中英語閱讀理解題已成為評估學生英語水平的重要測試題型，在中考英語試卷中所佔比重較大。閱讀理解題主要是考查學生綜合運用所學語言知識的能力，包括細節理解能力、詞義判斷能力、歸納概括能力及邏輯推理能力等。大致來說，閱讀理解題主要針對如下方面：
(1) 個別詞語或句子;(2)某一細節或情節;(3)主題;(4)背景知識;(5)結論或結局;(6) 內涵隱意或寓意等。下面本人就根據閱讀理解題的題型特點，來談一些答題技巧。
一、直接理解題
這種題目比較簡單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細節就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。此類題目的出題形式很多，例如：
(1)Which of the following statements is true / false?
(2)Which of the following is(not)mentioned?
(3)How many / How much / Where / How / What„„?
(4)What does the writer think about?
(5)Which is the right order of the events given in thepassage?
要快速辨認和記憶事實或細節，就需要恰當地使用查閱的方法。查閱是讀者在對材料有所了解的情況下進行的，它的特點是帶著問題去尋找答案，往往與略讀綜合使用，具體方法與步驟如下：
(1)略讀材料，了解原文大意，掌握其中心意思或主旨。
(2)按文章的體裁、作者寫作的組織模式及有關信息詞，如for example，first，second„„預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實。
(3)將自己的精力放在尋找所需要的細節上，快速通篇閱讀，眼睛自左至右、自下而上呈Z形掃視，待找到含有相關細節的句子時，就要放慢速度，仔細核對，比較內容，直至找到答案。
二、語義理解題
在閱讀中，我們經常會遇到一些生詞，需要根據上下文猜測它們的意思。此類問題考查學生緊扣原文，根據上下文語境判斷單詞、詞語或短句意義的能力。常見的題型有：直接對生詞進行解釋;對多義詞或短語在文章具體語言環境中的意義作出准確判斷;對英語中的一些格言或諺語進行解釋;對文中一些代詞的指代對象作出界定等。這種題型常見的設題方式如下：
(1)The underlined word(phrase)in the passage means______.
(2)The word“it/them”in the first paragraph refers to______.
(3)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means____.
(4)What does the underlined word“„”refer to______.
(5)By „ the writer means______.
在做此類題時，考生應緊扣原文，根據上下文語境進行判斷，切不要望文生義或斷章取義，也不能只選擇自己熟悉的意思。猜測詞義的常見方法有：
1)根據構詞法猜測詞義;
(2)根據上下文猜測詞義;
(3)根據定義或解釋猜測詞義;
(4)根據同義詞、反義詞以及對比關系猜測詞義;
(5)根據生活常識猜測詞義。
三、邏輯推理題
推理判斷試題屬於深層閱讀理解題。它要求考生盡量考慮文中全部信息或事實，在通篇理解文章的基礎上，嚴格按照作者提供的信息推斷出作者的言外之意。這種題型常見的設題方式有：
(1)From the text，it can be inferred that______.
(2)The passage suggests that______.
(3)Which of the following best describes______.
(4)The writer’s attitude towards„is______.
(5)From the text，we learn that______.
這種題目有一定難度，解答時必須根據上下文及相互間的關系或對整篇文章進行深層理解後，才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯系作者的意圖、態度等文外之意加以推理。解此類題目可從以下幾方面入手：
(1)根據常識判斷。即解題時，除弄清文意外，還需藉助生活常識、風土人情、傳說掌故、名人軼事等進行判斷。
(2)根據知識判斷。即解題時，運用一些一般性知識，如天文、地理、文學、藝術、科技等自然科學和社會科學知識。
(3)根據計算判斷。即解題時，運用一些數學知識進行和差、面積、體積、速度等方面的運算。
(4)根據情節判斷。即解題時，從情節所提供的基本事實出發，尋找一定規律，如時間關系、條件關系、因果關系、比較關系、轉折關系等作為推理根據。這種題目最容易出現，考生要從時間、地點、事件的情節安排與發展中，深入探討其邏輯關系及隱喻、引申等因素。
四、歸納總結題
這種題型要求學生在理解全文的基礎上，對文章進行歸納、概括或評價。解這種題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，如涉及文章的標題(title)、主題(main idea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(end)等有關問題，都需要在細讀全文的基礎上，結合所學語言知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中的內在信息。常見的設題方式有：
(1)The general idea of the passage is about______.
2)The main idea of the article is______.
(3)The main purpose of this selection is______.
4)The passage suggests that______.
5)Which of the following best states the theme of thepassage?
具體解題時，應注意一些技巧：
(1)首先看短文的開頭和結尾，確定短文題材，預測其內容。每段的第一句話往往會提供重要信息，可以幫助我們搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。
(2)速讀全文，整體理解短文大意，抓住關鍵詞語，弄清文章的主旨。
(3)根據已知短文內容，著手解題。可先將文後的選擇題看一下，然後帶著問題再去閱讀。這樣做，一方面有助於對文章進一步理解，另一方面可以有針對性地從文章中尋找答案。
(4)迅速復讀全文，檢查自己的理解是否正確，所選答案是否前後矛盾。通過全面考慮，最後確定答案。
一.教學大綱對閱讀理解的要求
(一)初中英語教學大綱對學生閱讀上的基本要求：
1.能閱讀難度相當於課文的材料，理解其大意。
2.能獨立閱讀所學語言知識范圍內的材料，生詞率不超過3%。
3.閱讀速度要求每分鍾50-70詞。
(二)中考閱讀理解的考點
1.文章的話題—略讀文章，領會文章大意的題。
2.文章的中心題—歸納，概括的能力。
3.文章的細節—掃讀或細讀文章，以獲得某些特地信息或准確的尋找所需細節的能力。
4.文章的寓意，結論-領會作者的言外之意或推斷出文章的結論。
5.生詞詞意，猜詞—對生詞詞意的判斷能力。
(三)中考閱讀理解考察的文體
1.記敘文—抓住人物，地點，時間，情節發展線索。
2.說明文—要以事物為中心進行思考。抓住事物的特徵，用途，相互關系等。
(四)解題思路與技巧
1.快速瀏覽全文，掌握大意。
2.仔細審題，分析比較選項 。
3.帶著問題復讀，捕捉關鍵信息，解答問題。
4.再讀全文，核對答案。
二.閱讀理解題型及解題技巧
從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看，短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉及科學知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環境和日常生活等方面，
充分體現其時代性、實用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細節題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和正誤判斷題。
做閱讀理解練習應先看問題，弄清考點。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽問題，以便在閱讀短文時做到心中有數，快速、准確地捕捉所要信息。先易後難。做題時不必拘泥於書中所呈現的語篇順序，應遵循先易後難的原則。如可先做細節題再做推斷題，因為細節題大多能直接從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對短文進行深層理解，再作判斷。
(一)主旨題
主旨題主要考查學生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時，應通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開，主題句通常出現在短文第一句或最後一句。
(二)細節題
細節題是用來進一步表達主題，體現中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細節來設題。做此類題時，應快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數字等，閱讀時要有針對性。
(三)推斷題
推斷題就是根據某個事實推斷結論，主要考查學生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數據事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，應根據短文中的.相關語句，對與事實有關的細節加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。
(四)猜測詞義題
猜測詞義題主要考查學生根據上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現的單詞，大多數是學生未曾見過的生詞，學生需要在該詞出現的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然後將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。
1.通過因果關系猜詞
通過因果關系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然後才能猜詞。有時文章藉助關聯詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因後果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是"責備"。
2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞片語，如happy and gay，即使我們不認識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬於"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看錶轉折關系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據not at all...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通過構詞法猜詞
在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞彙，有時很難根據上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、後綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。
4.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義
例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.
從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，於是便有一段乾旱的時期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。
5.通過句法功能來推測詞義
例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，准確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。
6.通過描述猜詞
描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內在特徵的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。後面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。
(五)正誤判斷題
正誤判斷題主要考查學生對文章的具體事實、信息的理解能力。一般是根據文章的事實或細節，給出一個句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對較小。做此類題時，應先看題，後帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。
;3. 英語閱讀理解主旨大意解題技巧
英語閱讀理解主旨大意解題技巧
主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一， 旨在考查考生對鍛煉大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。此類題數量較大，在15個題中約佔3-4個。下面就跟著我一起來詳細了解一下主旨大意題的解題技巧吧!
◆主旨大意題的分類
⑴從考查對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種
①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現在首段的居多，其次是末段或為幾段主題的綜
②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋找或總結。
⑵從考查內容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種
①主題類(內容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意;
②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的;
③標題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標題。
◆設問特點：
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正確選項概況范圍大小恰當，主旨判斷准確。
3. 錯誤選項的特點常常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等詞提問。
◆常考問題：
1). 中心思想類
The main point /idea of the passage is…
The passage is mai nly about…
The passage mainly discusses…
The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
2).標題類
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
The best title for the passage would be …
3).目的類
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …
The passage is meant to ….
In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…
【技巧點撥】
1. 尋找主題句:
抓住段落或文章主題的捷徑之一就是在段落或文章中尋找主題句。主題句是指能表達或概況段落主題或文章主要內容的句子， 通常是一個簡潔、完整、具有概況性的句子，較多出現在說明文和議論文中，而其他句子則圍繞著主題句展開進行說明解釋或擴展。
主題句在文中的位置:
1)開門見山：提出主題----細節支撐闡明主題
2)段末點睛：細節描述----歸納要點---概括主題
3)段中點旨：細節描述---歸納主題---進一步解釋
4)無主題句:考生需根據文章中所敘述的事實或提供的線索來概括和總結文章的大意
2. 捕捉關鍵詞：
略讀是概括和歸納文章或段落大意的基本方法。略讀時要快，把注意力集中在關鍵詞(即實詞)上，非關鍵詞(即虛詞)則一帶而過。注意出現頻率高的詞可能是蘊涵中心思想的關鍵詞，分析歸納篩選出最能表達主旨或這這意圖 的`關鍵詞，繼而確定文章的主旨大意。
3. 仔細推敲選項：
1)主旨大意題的干擾項的特點有：
①以偏概全：只闡述了文章的部分內容，也就是文章的局部信息;
②無中生有或似是而非：有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好像在文章中談到了，但認真分析之後你會發現這類干擾項的內容與文章的內容毫無聯系。
③主題擴大：歸納概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際討論的內容;
④張冠李戴：命題者有意地把屬於A的特徵放在B的身上，構成一個干擾項。在我們不注意的情況下，會造成錯選答案。
2)主旨大意題的正確選項特徵
①含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語的選項往往是正確答案;
②較全面、有針對性地表達文章中心思想的選項一般是答案項。
;4. 高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧
高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧
導語：高考復習的重點一是要掌握所有的知識點，二就是要大量的做題，以下是我為大家精心整理的高考英語閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧，歡迎大家參考！
閱讀理解之主旨大意題
我們閱讀一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明確其主旨。因此， 主旨大意題是常考題。主旨大意題包括：主要內容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章標題(title)型、寫作目的(purpose)型。廣東高考近幾年來考查過的題目中mainly about只考過4題，title題考了5題， purpose題考了5題。
解題技巧
1.弄清文章的大意， 關鍵是找到主題句。
主題句的位置：主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應， 有時也在文中，或沒有主題句，需根據文章所述內容進行歸納。各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒有主題句，需要歸納。
2.找主題句的方法：用瀏覽法(skimming)，即
快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息。找主題句的四個小竅門：
(1)段落中出現表轉折的詞語(如however, but, in fact, actually等)時， 該句很可能是主題句。
(2)首段出現疑問句時， 對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意識地反復重復的觀點，通常是主旨;反復出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。
(4)表示總結或結論的話常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
3.關於干擾項和正確答案。
(1)干擾項可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節;可能屬文中某些 (不完全的)事實或細節片面推出的錯誤結論;可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。
(2)正確答案：是根據文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的;但不能太籠統、言過其實或以偏概全。
4.在閱讀理解中，主旨大意題常有以下幾種命題方式： (1)Main idea型：選擇項多為陳述句，要求考生選擇表達作者思想或觀點的.句子。題干多為如下形式：
①What's the main idea/point of the passage?
②The passage is mainly about________.
③The passage is mainly concerned about________.
④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?
⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.
⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.
⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.
(2)Main purpose型：選擇項多為動賓結構，要求考生找到主要的寫作目的，常見以下幾種題干形式：
①What's the purpose of the passage?
②The passage is meant to________.
③The purpose of the article is to________.
④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.
⑤The passage tells us that________.
⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...
(3)標題型：選擇文章標題是另一類對主旨大意題考查的形式，命題形式：
①The best title of the passage is________.
②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
③The best title for the passage is________.
④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
典型例析
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop
pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A Wheelchair Experience.
B.Weakness and Kindness.
C.Weakness and Strength.
D.A Driving Experience
解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現了表轉折的But...可知，「But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people」便是主題句，再根據第二段最後一句可以確定，這句的確是主題句。又因標題要簡明、醒目，故選B。
答案：B
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable
procts.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable procts have grown by more than 50%.
45.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To introce a new business model.
B.To compare two business models.
C.To predict a change of the global market.
D.To advocate sustainable development.
解析：主旨大意題。在第一段中，出現了轉折的Actually，其後的「People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持續的)ways」是主題句，隨後的兩句話都是對這一句進
行解釋;句中兩個must清楚表明了作者「提倡可持續發展」，第二段首句「Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries」進一步說明，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是「提倡可持續發展」。故選D。
答案：D
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often
be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting
D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
解析：主旨大意題。由該段的第一句(特別是custom一詞)可知。
答案：A
(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination
…
It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.
30.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell us an interesting story.
B.To help us make right decisions.
C.To advise us to care about children.
D.To encourage us to use our imagination.
解析：主旨大意題。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是鼓勵我們運用我們的想像力。
答案：D
;5. 高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題方法
高中英語閱讀理解之主旨大意的解題技巧
典例剖析1.[2015·江蘇高考，C篇]Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it's important to me.”) to an external factor (e.g. ，“I volunteer because I'm required to do so.”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have concted followup studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on indivial differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相關) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an indivial begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like Tshirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”
QWhat is the best title of the passage?
A.How to Get People to Volunteer
B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C.How to Keep Volunteers' Interest
D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities
[答案]A主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要闡述了人們為什麼要做志願者，和持續進行志願活動與志願者身份認同之間的正比關系，並強調要加強對志願者身份的認同。A項“如何讓人們參與志願者活動”能概括文章中心，適合做標題。故選A。
2.[2015·天津高考，B篇]Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
...
QWhat does the passage mainly present?
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introction to social robots.
[答案]D主旨大意題。第一段第一句“Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.”開篇點題並結合對全文的整體理解可推知，本文是一篇說明文，主要對社交機器人進行了簡要的介紹。故選D。
技能演練
CHICAGO (Reuters)Smoking not only can wrinkle (皺紋) the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body—even skin protected from the sun.
...
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (組織) that supports both die skin and the internal organs.
QThe best title for this passage would be ________.
A.The Danger of Smoking
B.Smoking Causes Skin Aging
C.Quit Smoking for Health
D.A Survey of Smokers
答案：B主旨大意題。本文主要講述了吸煙影響皮膚，使皮膚衰老。所以選B。
2.British pupils taught by Chinese are better than their peers in maths and science, a new study has found.
In a study aimed at comparing the British and the Chinese school systems, pupils taught by Chinese teachers outperformed the rest of their peers in a series of exams set by an independent research body (The Institute of EcationIOE).
In an experiment for BBC Two's “Are Our Kids Tough Enough? Chinese School”， five teachers from China were responsible for the ecation of 50 students for four weeks at Bohunt School in Hampshire. Learning together in one classroom, the students of mixed abilities were taught in a Chinese style ecation system, with 12 hour days and a stricter learning regime (制度).
...
QWhat's the test mainly talk about?
A.The British students guided by the Chinese teachers behave better than their mates in some aspects of schooling.
B.Chinese teachers are better than American teachers in maths and science.
C.The school systems between China and Britain are so different.
D.The Chinese teachers show a stricter learning to the British students.
答案：A主旨大意題。本文主要講述由中國老師指導的英國學生在學校的表現比其他學生要好。所以選A。
3.In an incredible feat (技藝) of memory, college lecturer Li Yan, 51, recited every word of an EnglishChinese dictionary, a total of 220,000 words.
The 51yearold business English lecturer at Xi'an Jiaotong University in Xi'an, started to recite the entire content of an EnglishChinese dictionary on August 6, 2013, and completed the task 19 days later. Since that first recitation, she has performed the task 28 times.
“I tried to remember every word in the dictionary in order to make it easier for me to teach my classes，” Li said.
Her perseverance (堅持) comes from a hard life that taught her to keep going forward no matter how many difficulties she encountered.
...
QWhat could be the best title for the text?
A.A Responsible Mother
B.An Effective Teaching Method
C.An Extraordinary Female
D.A Living Dictionary
答案：D主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是一個大學講師，通過努力把一部英漢詞典全部背過，堪稱一部“活詞典”。
4.[2016·青島聯考]I work in a nursing home and my job is to take care of the elderly.
This year, a very sweet old lady that I cared for, Alice, had gone through a difficult time. She got dementia and so she had been in the hospital twice. In November I was finally able to get her back to her “home”.
Alice had thought her daughter was coming to visit her on Christmas Day and that they were going to have the whole family together like the old days. When she finally realized that that happy moment was not going to happen, she was very sad. Knowing that her daughter was coming after Christmas was not enough to make her feel happy. I hated the idea of her being alone on the holiday!
On Christmas Eve, I gave her a surprise by asking if she would like to go to a candlelight service at church that night.
Instead of taking her to my church, I took her to her old neighborhood church where all her friends were. We got there early and I got her a seat where her friends could see her as they came in. Then soon some of her friends came to the church and they rushed over to greet her and sit with her.
The candlelight service was beautiful and Alice got a lot of love from her old and new friends there.
The truth of the story is that I am the one who got the best gift: the smile on Alice's face.
QWhat is the best title for this passage?
A.A Special Candlelight Christmas Eve
B.The Dream of All Old Lonely Ladies
C.My Special Job
D.The True Love
答案：A主旨大意題。本文講述了作者幫助一位老人過了一個特別的燭光平安夜的故事，故選A項。
高中英語閱讀理解之指代對象題的解題技巧
典例剖析[2015·浙江高考，C篇]If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
...
QWhat does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A.The night. B.The moon.
C.The sky. D.The planet.
[答案]A指代判斷題。根據第一段中的“even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with night.”可知，事實上，雖然我們並不承認自己是白晝生物，但很多時候我們總是用光來照亮夜晚，故此處it指代前面的“the night”。故選A項。
2.[2015·湖南高考，A篇]...
Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
QThe underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.
A.accidents B.vehicles
C.pedestrians D.cyclists
[答案]D指代判斷題。根據第三封信第一段第一句的主語“Cyclists”可知，該信主要是對騎自行車者的抱怨和建議;結合畫線詞所在句中的“they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident”可知，騎自行車者應該注冊登記並購買保險，這樣當他們撞上行人或車輛，引發事故時，可以被查出，承擔責任。由此可推知，“they”指代的是“cyclists”。故D項正確。
3.[2015·福建高考，B篇]...
Papa, as a son of a dirtpoor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for ecation was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There's so much to learn，” he'd say. “Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒絕) an ecation.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
QThe underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A.one new thing B.a request
C.the news D.some comment
[答案]C指代判斷題。根據畫線詞前面的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知，吃晚飯的時候，作者一家人會談論這一天所發生的新聞，不管這些事是多麼的無關緊要。由此可推知，“it”指代的是這句話中的“the news”。故答案選C。
技能演練Have you heard of the term “tweenager” ? It's a new word being used in the UK to describe children between the ages of about 10 and 12. Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?
Well, more and more companies are beginning to create procts and services for tweenagers. The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show, music, films and procts to tweenagers and their parents. You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones, to fan magazines and clothing. The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audience. So, it's all about sales, which tells us tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they have ever had before.
...
QThe underlined word “they” in the second paragraph most probably refers to “________”.
A.companies B.sales
C.tweenagers D.their parents
答案：C指代判斷題。現在的孩子比以前的孩子有更多的零花錢、更多的自由，以及對家長的影響更大了。這里是拿現在的孩子跟以前的孩子對比，所以選C。
2....
Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for some else：“Why's your car HERE at HER place?” The note became the starting point for Rothbard's addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.
...
QThe underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A.the readers
B.the editors
C.the found photographs
D.the selfpublished magazines
答案：D指代判斷題。根據第四段第一句“Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍衛) found photographs.”以及第二句中畫線後的“called simply Found”可推知，them指代“self-published art magazines”，所以選D。
3.[2016·山西聯考]...
The latest Chinese “god song” (an Internet term to describe pop songs that spread virally through the Internet) is still stirring up fierce debates between those who view it as a milestone for Chinese pop music going global and those who regard it as a bad image of China.
Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Another Chinese pop singer, Zhang Jie, won the International Artist Award.
...
QWhat do the underlined words “the o” refer to?
A.Little Apple.
B.Chopsticks Brothers.
C.Zhang Jie.
D.American singers.
答案：B指代判斷題。根據第二段的第一句“Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_o performed the song at the 2014 American Music Awards in Los Angeles.”可推知，the o的意思是“一對表演者”，此處代指《小蘋果》的表演者“筷子兄弟”，故選B項。
4.[2016·南昌一模]...
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (凍原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的) branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
QWhat does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.To proce more seeds.
B.To move northward
C.To respond to the climate change.
D.To protect themselves from the cold wind.