學生英語閱讀訓練

㈠ 談英語閱讀教學中的閱讀技能訓練

談英語閱讀教學中的閱讀技能訓練 摘 要:英語閱讀在英語教學中佔有重要地位。提高學生的閱讀能力是教學的重點。本文主要探討如何培養學生的閱讀技能，提高學生的閱讀水平。
關鍵詞:英語閱讀 閱讀技能 閱讀理解
一、 快速閱讀 培養科學的方法
快速閱讀或稱「速讀」。它是將被閱讀的文字以組或行、塊為單位進行大小不一的整合是一種讓我們能夠從文字材料中迅速接收信息的閱讀法。速讀的要領是：要用眼睛讀，不要用聲音讀；在閱讀文章時，將所看到文字直接在大腦中喚起意識。閱讀時要盡量攝入較大的文字信息量，每次眼停時不是感知一個字、一個詞，而是要感知整句話或整段文字。
二、 抓住主題句 掌握段落中心思想
我們在閱讀時要抓住主題句。因為英語段落的中心思想常用主題句表達。所謂主題句就是概括說明每一段落中心思想。因此，能迅速識別段落的主題句有助於讀者很好地理解段落的中心思想。主題句常出現在段落的開頭。如21世紀大學實用英語綜合教程第一冊Unit 1 A篇課文第三段：
At first , life was a bit difficult. I made mistakes in how I used my time. I spent too much time making friends. I also made some mistakes in how I chose my first friends in college.
第一句是主題句，說明一開始，並非一切順利。後三句則 做了具體說明。在識別主題句時一定要識別哪個句子是概括性的，哪些句子表達的是細節。
有時主題句沒有出現在段落的開頭，這是就要注意概括段落中心思想句子是否在段落的結尾。例如這段：
I have always wondered how my parents were attracted to each other. Their personalities, temperaments, and attitudes toward money are all opposites. The saying that opposites attract certainly holds true for them.段落結尾的一句話概括了這一段的中心思想
三、 劃分關鍵詞 正確理解原文
一篇文章重復特別多的詞，一定是表達主題必不可少的關鍵詞，閱讀時，注意詞的重復有助於快速閱讀和正確理解。但也不能忽視整個句子的含義,不然容易斷章取義。
如：
To understand what makes branding so different from the rest of marketing; one must first understand what a Brand is. A Brand is not just an eye-catching logo(圖標)nor does the name of a proct which is advertised frequently necessarily become a Brand. A Brand is an agreement with the customer. The mere mention of the brand』s name should arouse of expectations not only about the proct, its quality, and ease of use, etc., but about what the proct would do or would never do. A Brand can call numerous images to the mind.
單詞brand 反復出現，就可以斷定它就是關鍵詞。這篇文章和品牌有關。
四、 通過信號詞 了解文章發展思路
作者寫文章時按一定的思路或順序展開，領悟作者的思路有助於我們了解作者的.文章。英語中的信號詞能幫助我們了解文章思路的發展，了解句子與句子、段落與段落之間的關系。表示遞進關系的詞：and,also, first ,second, next, besides,in addition, what is more 等。I』ll always remember you were there when you were needed.I also remember that even after I grew bigger than you, you weren』t afraid to remind me who was in charge.前一句表示一件事，後一句表示另一件事。表示轉折關系的有：but, however, although, nevereless, otherwise 和yet.Not many kids know this, but a person can actually learn how to run faster.表示原因的詞語有：because, since, as, because of, thanks to等，表示結果的詞語有：so, consequently(因此，所以), thus, therefore, as a result等。 五、 通過上下文 猜生詞
閱讀中我們不可避免會遇到一些生詞,如果我們能掌握一些根據上下文猜測詞義的技能，無疑會有助於提高我們的閱讀速度。例如，假定你不認識下面句子中knack這個詞，也可以猜測它的含義：
Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules of grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. (Text C, Unit 8, Book 1)
我們就可以猜到knack的大致意思：knack = natural skill or ability。
利用上下文中的同義詞、反義詞、上義詞和下義詞關系，或利用上下文中的舉例、解釋、描述、定義等猜測生詞的詞義。請看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B, Unit 2)
通過對比，你就能猜出smug的大致的詞義：young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(絕望的)。
你所掌握的構詞法知識也能幫助你猜測生詞的詞義。
un-否定 dis-否定 in-否定 re-重復
六、 按時間順序 預測作者的思路
作者往往會按故事發生的時間順序來敘述，並把自己覺得重要的細節告訴讀者。我們在閱讀時就可以充分利用這一點來「預測」作者的發展思路。
大學英語閱讀教學一直被認為是英語語言教學中最重要的組成部分。在教學實踐中,教師應該及時糾正學生的不良閱讀習慣,傳授科學的閱讀方法,培養學生的閱讀技巧,使學生具備較強的英語閱讀能力,從而能夠運用英語交流和獲取信息。

參考文獻：

1.胡暉.《大學英語閱讀探析》.河南財政稅務高等專科學校學報.2010年第1期.
2.王劍鋒.《報刊英語閱讀教學方法實踐與研究》.中國校外教育.2011年8期.

㈡ 初中英語閱讀理解強化訓練及答案

初中英語閱讀理解強化訓練及答案

英語閱讀理解的主旨大意題，主要考查學生對文章主題或中心思想的領會和理解能力。下面是我整理的英語閱讀理解題，歡迎大家閱讀!

閱讀理解【1】

If you get into the forest with your friends, stay with them always. If you don’t, you may get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place.

There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal (信號) by shouting or whistling (吹口哨) three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help.

Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots (槍聲). When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.

If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house---cover up to the holes with branches (樹枝) with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass.

What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You would have to leave your little house to look for a river. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back. The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place.

1.If you lost in the forest, you should _______.

A.stay where you are and give signals three times

B.walk around the forest and shout so that your friends could hear you

C.try to find your friends as soon as possible

D.try to get out of the forest and shout for help

2.If you want to let people believe that you are not just making noise for fun, you should _______.

A. tell people that you are lost B. keep up shouting or whistling

C. shout at the top of your voice D. shout or whistle three times

3.When you hear two shouts, or whistles, or gunshots, __________.

A. you should shout more loudly B. you can whistle three times

C. it is an answer to your call for help D. you should try to run to them

4.When you want to leave your place to get drinking water, you should ________.

A.just go to the river

B. find some glasses or bottles before you go

C. make a fire so that you can have some tea

D. leave marks so that you can find your way back

5.This passage mainly tells you __________.

A.when you hear a signal always three times, it is a call for help

B.What you should do if you get lost in a forest

C.any signal given twice means an answer to a call for help

D.how you can live longer in a forest

如果一個人在森林中迷了路，他該怎麼辦呢?本文講述了一個很重要的方法：原地不動，讓別人來找你。為了讓附近的人盡快發現你處於困境，你可以大喊三聲或者吹三聲口哨。在別人找到你之前，你還應當學會自我保護。比如怎樣做飯或者搭建一張床等。

參考答案：

1.A “Sit down and stay where you are.”和“Give them a signal by shouting or whistling three times.”是解答本小題的關鍵句子。

2.D 該題的答案源自“Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun.”一句中。

3.C “They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots. When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.”是答案的出處。

4.D 根據“Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back.”可知“當你離開原地去找水喝時，不要徑直走開，要在路上留下標記，以便能找到回到原地方的路。”

5.B 由文章末句“The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place.”和開頭的“…this is what you should do.”可不難得出答案。

閱讀理解【2】

Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying (摧毀) fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged (破壞) that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.

A farmer, Mr. Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour.

“I was eating with my wife and children,” he said, “When we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him, safe but very frightened.”

Mrs. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children.

“There was no time to take anything,” she said, “A few minutes later, the roof came down.”

Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded (水淹的) area and the welfare department (福利機構) brought them food, clothes and shelter.

1.How many homes altogether (總共) were damaged in the storm?

A. Fourteen B. Twenty-one C. Twenty-nine D. Thirty-six

2.Where was Mr. Tan when the storm first began?

A. He was in bed. B. He was inside the house.

C. He was outside the house. D. He was on the roof.

3.Mrs. Woo and her family didn’t get hurt because _________.

A.her husband knew there would be a storm

B.they were all outside the house when the storm became worse

C.she felt the house was moving

D.the welfare department helped her

4.The underlined word “shelter” in this passage means ______.

A. something to eat B. something to wear

C. somewhere to study D. somewhere to stay

5.Which of he following may be the best title for this passage?

A. A Terrible Storm B. A Lucky Woman

C. Good Soldiers D. Clever People

短文大意是：一場暴風雨席捲了兩個村莊。它不僅摧毀了房屋，也是造成了人員傷亡，還有二百多人無家可歸。短文還寫到了目擊者回憶當時暴風雨到來時的情景。

參考答案：

1.D 根據第一段出現的三個數字14，7，15即可知D為正確答案。

2.B 根據“I was eating with my wife and children.”可排除A和D，由下文可知C也不合題意。

3.C 答案即在即在“…she felt that her house was moving.”中。

4.D 考慮全文意思及最末一段，可知暴風雨過後，房屋倒塌，人員傷亡。人們不僅需要食品、衣物，還需要住的地方。

5.A 這篇閱讀材料主要描述了暴風雨襲擊的過程。顯然選項A是本文的'主旨。

閱讀理解【3】

Is there anything more important than health? I don't think so. “Health is the greatest wealth (財富),” wise people say. You can't be good at your studies or work well when you are ill.

If you have a headache, toothache, backache, earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a bad cough, if you run a high temperature and have a bad cold, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure (血壓), I think you should go to the doctor.

The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs, test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed.

After that, he will advise some treatment, or some medicine. The only thing you have to do is to follow his advice.

Speaking about doctor’s advice, I can't help telling you a funny story.

An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease.

He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a good rest. He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two glasses of red wine every day and take long walks. In other words, the doctor advised him to follow the rule: “Eat at pleasure, drink with measure and enjoy life as it is.” The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn't smoke more than one cigarette a day.

A month later the gentleman came into the doctor’s office. He looked much more cheerful and much happier. He thanked the doctor and said that he had never felt a healthier man.

“But you know, doctor,” the man went on saying, “it's not easy to begin smoking at my age.”

1.The writer thinks that.

A. health is more important than wealth B. work is as important as studies

C. medicine is more important than pleasure D. nothing is more important than money

2.The doctor usually tells his patient what to do.

A. without examining the patient B. after he has examined the patient

C. if the patient doesn't take medicine D. unless the patient feels pain

3.The underlined part means “”.

A. he was feeling better than ever B. he wasn't a healthy man

C. he was feeling worse than before D. he will be well again

4.From the last sentence of the passage, we learn the man before the doctor told him not to smoke more than one cigarette a day.

A. was a heavy smoker B. didn't smoke so much

C. didn't smoke D. began to learn to smoke

5.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A. The doctor usually tests his/her blood pressure when a person is ill.

B. The man told the doctor he couldn't remember things.

C. The man thanked the doctor.

D. The man didn't follow the doctor’s advice

短文作者從“健康是最大的財富”這句話談起。沒有一個好的身體，學習和工作就沒有保證。如果你感到不舒服時，就應當去看醫生，醫生會仔細給你做檢查，然後就建議你吃點葯。作者在短文最後還講了一個醫生給病人建議時發生的一個幽默故事。

參考答案：

1.A 文章首句即點明主旨，意即“健康比財富更重要”。

2.B “After that, he will advise some treatment, or some medicine.”是該題答案的出處。

3.A 短文倒數第二段是本小題答案的出處。

4.C 由文章最末一句可知這位紳士是說“象我這樣年齡的人開始學吸煙真是不容易”，由 “The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn't smoke more than one cigarette a day.”可聯想到醫生誤認為他抽煙過多，而建議他每天抽煙不超過一支。答案不攻自破。

5.D 根據上一個小題及這位紳士第二次來看大夫的精神狀態，可知他聽從了醫生的建議。

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㈢ 初中英語閱讀訓練的六種方法

閱讀理解得高分難？除了有正確的解題方法和技巧外，還需要避免丟掉不該丟的分數。本文特意為大家收集整理了初中英語閱讀訓練的六種方法，希望大家喜歡！

1.講究閱讀方法

(1)依據主題句定短文的中心：任意一篇文章通常是圍繞一個中心展開並且由段落組成的；段落之間有著內在的緊密聯系，而表達段落主題的句子叫主題句，通常置於段落的開頭，有時在段落末尾和中間；其它的句子是用來說明和闡述主題句的；若把一個個主題句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同時還可以迴避、排除個別生詞、難句所帶來的干擾，但也有一些文章的中心思想常貫穿在全文中，因而要綜觀全文，對全文有一個透徹的理解才行。

如：

My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn』t wonderful, but we had everything we needed (beds, blankets, food ), and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.

On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn』t know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.

We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves (岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud, we were pleased and excited by what we』d done.

This passage mainly talks about ______________.

A. the writer』s friends at the Activity Center

B. the writer』s experience at the Activity Center

C. outdoor sports at the Activity Center

D. how to go rock-climbing and caving

[參考答案B] 上述這段短文的中心是說明「the writer』s experience at the Activity Center」。作者以及作者的朋友，還有組上的其他一些成員一起在活動中心度周末的一些活動以及感受。

(2)掌握具體事實和重要細節：閱讀文章時，要求學生養成辨認和記憶具體事實、重要細節的習慣。因為具體事實、重要細節是主題句的擴展、補充、說明或例證，是用來支持和說明中心思想的，而且是閱讀理解測試的重要組成部分。

如：If someone asks me: 「Do you like music?」 I』m sure I will answer him or her: 「Of course, I do.」 because I think music is an important part of our lives.

Different people have different ideas about music. For me, I like rock music because it』s so exciting. And my favorite rock band, the 「Foxy Ladies」 (酷妹) is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate LiLan loves dance music, because she enjoys dancing. My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music (爵士樂). She thinks jazz is really cool.

「I like dance music and rock very much.」 says my brother, 「because they are amazing.」

But my mother thinks rock is boring. 「I like some relaxing (輕松的) music,」 she says. That』s why she likes country music, I think.

①The writer likes music because he thinks ____________.

A. it』s an exciting part of our lives

B. it』s an amazing part of our lives

C. it』s an important part of our lives

②What kind of music does the writer like?

A. Rock and pop music. B. Rock and dance music. C. Jazz and country music.

③Who likes dancing?

A. The writer. B. Li Lan. C. Jane.

④The writer』s mother thinks that country music is __________.

A. amazing B. boring C. relaxing

⑤ How many people』s ideas about music are talked about in this passage (短文)?

A. 4. B. 5. C. 6.

這是幾道重要事實和細節的辨認題，全是圍繞短文的主題句「Different people have different ideas about music」來展開說明的，起補充舉例作用。答案分別為:① C ② A ③ B ④ C ⑤ B。

(3)運用構詞法、語境線索等幫助來推測關鍵詞義：在閱讀文章的過程中，常常會遇到一些生詞，如果不懂得這些詞義就會妨礙理解，但大部分生詞的詞義是可以根據上下文，結合構詞法、藉助文章中的語境線索幫助在理解基礎上猜測其詞義，這有助於加快閱讀速度，提高閱讀理解能力。如：

Water is all around us. Water is in the ocean. Water is in the lakes and rivers. Water is in the air. There is more water than land on the earth. All living things must have it. We must have it, too. We cannot live without drinking water. Sometimes, we do not have all the water that we need. The land will dry up without water. Sometimes, there can be too much water in the land. If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hill. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills. It is called erosion when the water takes the land away.

「Erosion」 in the passage means ____________.

A. 地震 B. 雪崩 C. 侵蝕 D. 霜凍

根據前面的語句If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hills. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills.解釋可以推知erosion是一種自然地理現象，即「侵蝕」，答案為C。

2.訓練閱讀速度

在閱讀中，我們或多或少會碰到一些生詞和不熟悉的短語，這些生詞和短語會妨礙我們對文章中心的理解，但我們總是查閱詞典也會影響閱讀的速度。為了不查詞典又能破解生詞詞義，並理解好文章的中心，要求考生根據構詞法判斷詞義。如：This material is unreadable.中unreadable是生詞。學生可以根據詞根 read ，知道 un和 able分別為前綴和後綴，那麼 unreadable的意義就不難猜測了；還可以培養學生根據生詞與上下文的關系來猜測其意義。生詞所在的句子、段落會提供很多的暗示和線索，依據這些暗示和線索就可以理解生詞的詞義了。如：同義詞反義詞線索；解釋性線索；例證性線索；標點符號線索等。如：

A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

定語從句中的 looks after sheep 就解釋了 herdsman的詞義為「牧人」。

B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.句首的 like（像）這個語境線索說明：句中的gregarious與 likes to make friends意義相近。

通過這些方式可以幫助學生加快閱讀速度，進一步提高閱讀正確率。

3. 改進閱讀方式

（1）預測：培養學生依據文章標題（副標題）、插圖以及相關的.背景知識和社會生活經驗，對文章的大致內容預測以及可能涉及到的詞彙，然後閱讀文章的第一段，並對自己的預測進行驗證、糾正，同時抓住主題句、關鍵詞，從而更好地從整體上去理解和把握文章的中心。

（2）略讀：指導學生快速瀏覽全文，領會文章大意，辨析文體，掌握篇章結構，進而抓住文章的中心。

（3）查讀：指導學生在瀏覽全文的基礎上進行查讀，以回答個別事實細節性的問題。有些細節性的問題不能直接在短文中找到答案，必須進行必要的綜合、歸納、轉換才能獲得，也就是要在直接可獲得的事實和細節的基礎上經過綜合、歸納、轉換間接地獲得所需要的事實和細節。它通常涉及數據、時間、人稱、代詞的指代、動作的行為的關聯、動作行為者與承受者、地點和空間、表態方式、因果、條件、內涵與外延等。如：

One day Mrs Wison went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping center.

「Why do you buy things here?」 Tracy wanted to know. 「Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home,」 Mrs. Wilson said. 「Help me check the prices, please.」

The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs. Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully at the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home, the children said, 「We don』t think you saved money by going to the supermarket.」 「Of course I did,」 Mrs. Wilson said 「Everything was cheaper there.」

「We know,」 the children said, 「but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money that you saved !」

Mrs Wilson added everything up. Her children were right.

「Well done,」 she said. 「Next time we』ll do the shopping nearby.」

①The things at the corner store were ____ than those in the supermarket.

A. cheaper B. nicer C. more expensive D. Better

② Mrs. Wilson _________ in the end.

A. spent more money B. paid less money

C. lost some money D. saved a little money

這兩個問題都是細節性問題，但又不能直接從文章中得出答案，要經過分析和計算間接地獲得事實細節。①選C。由 Mrs. Wilson 的話「Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home. 」分析可知the things at the corner store were more expensive.②選A。 Mrs. Wilson 在超級市場買的東西是便宜的，但返回時由於東西多結果打的士回家將打的士的費用攤進去就高於節省的費用了，因此可以知道：Mrs. Wilson spent more money in the end.

4. 擴大英語閱讀量

目前初中英語教科書所提供的閱讀量較以前有較大幅度的增加，在題材、體裁的選取，功能與話題的設計方面均注意到多樣化和廣泛性；內容貼近學生實際，教師可以立足教材閱讀材料指導和訓練學生閱讀方法與技巧，教學語言知識和指導學生掌握句法、語法，擴大詞彙量，培養閱讀興趣，幫助學生奠定一定的英語閱讀能力。但教材中的閱讀量離大綱和課標要求的閱讀量遠遠不夠。課標五級閱讀要求規定：除教材外，課外閱讀量應 達到15萬字以上。因此教師要督促學生精讀泛讀結合，通過廣泛的閱讀不僅有利於學生擴大詞彙量，豐富語言知識、開闊視野，開拓思路，還有利於了解英美等國的文化背景、生活風俗、思維習慣及英語特有的語言表達方式，從而提高閱讀理解能力。

泛讀時，要求學生對閱讀材料中的各種語言現象不作全面精細認真的分析，而是根據已掌握的語言知識盡快地獲取所需要的信息。

5. 強化閱讀訓練

(1) 指定閱讀范圍：教師按學生的英語水平將其分成不同的組別，選擇與之相適應的英語讀物（配有一定量的問題），分別規定閱讀的范圍，要求他們課外自行安排時間，帶著問題快速閱讀，並規定一個較寬松的期限進行檢查。

(2) 進行閱讀指導：對學生閱讀過程中遇到的疑難，教師要及時答疑輔導，以幫助學生順利閱讀。但要注意從學法上多加以指導，幫助和引導他們自行分析和解決問題。

(3) 檢查閱讀效果：到了規定的閱讀期限教師可以通過口頭練習和筆試結合的方式分組檢查學生閱讀任務完成的情況。口頭練習以學生回答有關問題、講述閱讀文章的心得為主；筆試檢查要求學生完成正誤判斷題，選擇題，填空題等。

(4) 展示閱讀效果：利用英語課外活動，通過開展書評、辯論會、演講會等活動來展示不同組學生課外泛讀的成果。分A、B組評論讀物；討論讀物的人物特徵、主要情節等，讓學生在寬松的氛圍中各抒己見，互相交流，從而促進學生閱讀時積極思考，認真閱讀，同時加深對讀物的理解，培養表達能力。

6. 加強評估指導

通過評估測試可以檢測學生閱讀理解實際能力與水平，可以摸清學生的強項與不足，從而為進一步培養學生閱讀能力提供依據。教師要充分發揮閱讀測試的指揮棒作用。閱讀測試文章選材要廣泛多樣，篇幅要恰當，難易要適中，從而確保閱讀測試的信度和效度；在題型設計上做到主觀性題型和客觀性題型兼顧，並針對學生平時閱讀中反映出來的重點、難點與疑點，避免題型過於單一以及偏題、怪題現象，更不能片面追求試題難度。客觀性測試題要能通過閱讀文章直接找到答案；主觀性測試題要能在閱讀短文後通過上下文，運用聯想、比較、歸納、分析判斷文章的隱含意義。測試後要認真進行分析和總結，做到發現問題及時解決，以便進一步提高。

㈣ 英語閱讀訓練方法

英語閱讀訓練方法

閱讀理解能力是衡量外語水平的重要標志之一，對絕大多數學生來說，閱讀理解，也是他們將來直接運用外語能力的一個最重要的方面。下面是我整理的關於英語閱讀理解的訓練的方法，歡迎大家閱讀了解!

一、閱讀理解的目的

近年來，短文閱讀理解是分值最高的一道大題，為什麼這種題的分值這么高?其訓練的目的又是什麼呢?通過十年的教學體會，我們總結歸納為以下兩點：

1.提高學生對書面外語的閱讀能力：即懂得按照不同的閱讀目的，採用不同的閱讀方法，進而提高閱讀的速度。

2.提高學生對書面外語的理解能力：即獲取具體信息的能力，對閱讀材料進行分析、推理與判斷的能力以及對閱讀內容進行評價的能力。分析、推理與判斷的能力以及對閱讀內容進行評價的能力。

閱讀的目的是理解，閱讀能力直接為理解服務。理解能力是閱讀能力的演化。這就是閱讀與理解的辨證關系。在實際教學中教師應處理好這一關系。

二、閱讀理解考查的重點

閱讀理解題，有議論文、記敘文、說明文、應用文、對話等等，涉及社會教育、風俗文化、史地知識、科技、政治、經濟、日常生活、傳記、人物等諸多方面。這種試題題型一般包括一些信息題、是非題和推理、演算題等等。其測試的重點不外乎有以下幾點：

1.字面理解試題(literal comprehension)

這是一種最簡單的試題，其特點是答案明確具體，一般從閱讀材料中可以直接找到答案。如辨認文章中事件發生的時間、順序，人物的外貌、特徵，它們與事件的因果關系。

2.推斷理解試題(inferential comprehension)

這種題要求學生根據文章結構，掌握所讀材料的主旨、大意以及說明主旨和大意的事實和細節。既要理解具體的事實，也要理解抽象的概念;既要理解字面意思，也要理解深層含義，或弦外之音，分析作者提出的觀點、態度，進而從字里行間推測作者沒有說明的意圖、含蓄的內容，從中悟出作者的目的。

3.綜合評價試題(evaluation)

這是閱讀理解中最高的一個層次。它要求學生能憑著他們應有的常識、價值觀，充分運用閱讀材料以及自己的閱讀經驗對閱讀內容做出自己的分析與評價。

三、閱讀理解的答題方法及步驟

閱讀理解不存在語法問題。答題時只能根據文章意思進行判斷。在一般情況下，閱讀理解題可以採用以下兩種方法：

(1)先通讀全文再答題。

(2)先看題目及四個選項再讀全文。

無論我們採用那種方法，在閱讀中，要善於抓住文章的關鍵詞或句。千萬不要糾纏文章中的某些細節而影響掌握全文大意。要緊緊圍繞五個Wh-questions，即when, where, what, who, how來解決某些特定的問題，迅速地查找需要了解的信息。因此，做題時我們一般應採取的步驟是：

(1)認真仔細地閱讀文章，掌握文章的中心思想、主要內容以及與之有關的細節。

(2)對文章後的題目，要逐項進行分析比較，排除非正確項，從文章的本意中尋找答案，要忠實於原文，而不是以自己的主觀想像為根據，想當然地進行判斷、選擇。

(3)確定你所選的正確答案的內容能落實到文章中的某一個或幾個具體的句子。也可以利用排除法(否定法)，最後確定一個正確答案。

(4)在做科普、史地知識短文(客觀真理性文章)時，可以聯系平時學到的知識進行選擇判斷。這也是閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求。

四、閱讀中存在的問題

學生在閱讀時主要存在以下幾方面的問題：

1.逐字逐句地閱讀。用手指著單詞一字一字，一行一行地讀。這既減慢了閱讀的速度，又會使你不能准確地理解全文而只停留在某個單詞、短語或句子上，使你所獲得的信息支離破碎，最終導致理解上的偏差。

2.左右擺頭。

3.小聲朗讀或在心裡默讀。

4.過分重視細節，忽略對文章整體理解。即人們所說的"只見樹木，不見森林"。

5.缺乏自信，過分依賴字典。

五、如何培養和提高學生的閱讀理解能力

我們知道了閱讀理解的目的、考查的重點、答題的`方法及步驟，也了解了我們存在的問題，那麼在今後的教學過程中我們應該如何注意培養和提高學生們的閱讀理解能力呢?

1.選擇閱讀方法。教師要注意教會學生按照題目的要求及目的選擇使用不同的閱讀方法。

(1)詳讀(seanning)：通過詳讀能尋找到某種具體的資料和信息，並對材料從表層到深層進行層層理解。

(2)閱讀(skimming)：其目的只是為了獲取、知道文章的內容大意，例如，simple stories for enjoyment, news, letters from friends, news from the local paper.因為這些內容對你的閱讀理解文章無大妨礙，而且簡單，清晰明了，故只需略讀即可。

2.要樹立自信心。不要一遇到生詞就退縮，就查字典，要學會充分利用上下文，上下句來推斷出該詞的意思。也可以利用構詞法(合成、轉化和派生)來猜測。請看下面例子：

All through the night Lincoln fought with death. At 7:22 in the morning it was all over. The great man was at peace with world.劃線這個短語同學們可能沒見過，但是沿著事態發展的邏輯推理，自然會得出是"與世長辭"這一結論。

3.抓住核心詞。上面的做法可以幫助我們掃除生詞的障礙，在理解過程中起了一個"橋梁"的作用，這是非常重要的。因此，我們還要學會抓住核心詞。要知道人們在表達思想的過程中，由於修辭學上或其他方面的需要，往往使用了一些作用不大的修飾詞語。因此，要想准確、明了地理解文章，我們則要把著眼點放在核心詞上，放在理解句子內部結構的關繫上。

Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to t ell me about it.從上面這個句子不難看出劃線部分就是這段話的核心詞。

4.抓住主題句。在多數文章中，開篇的首句或前幾句就揭示了文章的主題，而每一段的首句或未句就為該段的主題句或核心句。這樣的例子在教材中還有很多，有經驗的教師在教學中都是能教會學生這一本領的。

5.適當進行強化訓練。學生每英語課外，絕少有機會接觸和使用英語。尤其是理科的學生，他們又不十分重視英語這一學科的學習。因此有必要進行強化練習。我們的做法是："每天五分鍾，天天跟我學。"我們利用每天上課的前5分鍾對學生進行閱讀強化訓練。每次一篇，後附幾個問題，做完後統一給出正確答案，解決疑難問題，不留後遺症。限時閱讀的好處有以下幾點：

第一，語言學習必須提高復現率，持之以恆，才能進步與提高。

第二，有利於培養學生集中注意力。

第三，教師可隨時糾正錯誤的閱讀習慣，利於良好習慣的養成。

第四，利於教師有計劃、有目的、循序漸進地進行教學。

6.激發興趣，學會"覓食"。通過閱讀，學生學到許多課本上沒有的知識，這不僅擴大了他們的視野和知識面，更激發了他們閱讀的積極性和求知慾。為了保持學生的積極性我們把課堂延伸到課外，學生由"要我讀"，變成"我要讀"。教師引導他們讀一些簡易報刊、暢銷書等。

另外，我們還定期舉辦"新聞發布會"，讓學生把他們課外讀到的有興趣、有意義的"精華"講出來，與大家共欣賞，共分享。同學們在閱讀中嘗到了喜悅，體驗到了成功，學生們非常高興。難怪有人說：“課外閱讀是教師最得力的助手。"這話確實不假。

7.通過大量的實踐練習，我們在做閱讀理解文章時，主要要求學生從以下幾個方面進行思考：

A.文章的篇章結構方面：

a. The main idea is…

b. The passage mainly tells us…

c. Form this story you may tell…

d. From this passage we can say…

e. According to the text, we may conclude…

f. What do you think about…

g. Choose the right order of…

h. The story doesn't say so, but it makes you think that…

i. It's inferred that…

B.文章的題目：

a. The best topic/title for this passage should be…

b. What's the best topic/title for this passage?

c. A good topic/title for this passage is…

d. Reading the headlines people can know…

C.文章的單詞、短語、句子釋意：

a. Which of the following statement is(not)right/wrong?

b."…"sentence、word、phrase、title in the passage means…

;

㈤ 初中英語閱讀理解訓練及參考答案

初中英語閱讀理解訓練及參考答案

“閱讀理解”是考查學生綜合運用語言能力的重點題型，同時閱讀理解的題量大並且分值比例相當高大致占總分值的30%~40%。想要英語有大的提升，那麼首先需要提升的就是閱讀理解。為了幫助大家，我整理了一些初中英語閱讀理解題以供大家訓練，希望能幫到大家!

閱讀理解【1】

Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time. In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around you.

Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋轉的)door. When it does, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.

1. Those who have big houses may often feel ________.

A. happy B. lonely C. free D. excited

2. When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will ________.

A. laugh at you B. play jokes on you

C. quarrel with you D. help you up

3. What will your friends say to you when you make great progress?

A. Oh, so do I. B. Congratulations.

C. Good luck. D. It’s just so-so.

4. Which idea is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?

A. People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air.

B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes.

C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money.

D. Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you.

5. Which of the following is this passage about?

A. Bad luck. B. Good luck. C. Happiness. D. Life.

1. B。這是一個考查細節和事實的.題目。文章中有明確的敘述：Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely…. 所問問題和原文的敘述完全一樣。

2. D。這也是一個考查細節和事實的題目。在所給文章中可以找到這樣地敘述：When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you. 根據這一敘述，我們可以判斷：當你在體育課上摔倒時，你的老師和同學們肯定會幫你站起來的。

3. B。這一道閱讀理解題同樣是考查事實和細節的題目。在閱讀文章里我們也能找到關於這問題的敘述：when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you.

4. A。這是一道判斷題目。閱讀文章里明確敘述：those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.閱讀理解題的A項說，有車的人永遠不願在室外走，與文章所講完全不同，因此是不對的。

5. C。這是一道考查文章主題的題目。這篇文章共有三段。 第一段的主題句是：Happiness is for everyone. 第二段的主題句是：In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. 第三段的主題句是：Happiness is not the same as money. 三段的主題都是圍繞happiness展開的，所以正確答案是happiness。

閱讀理解【2】

A couple from Miami, Bill and Simone Butler, spent sixty-six days in a life-raft(救生艇) in the seas of Central America after their boat sank.

Twenty-one days after they left Panama in their boat, Simony, they met some whales(鯨魚). “They started to hit the side of the boat,” said Bill, “and then suddenly we heard water.” Two minutes later, the boat was sinking. They jumped into the life-raft and watched the boat go under the water.

For twenty days they had tins of food, biscuits, and bottles of water. They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water — two things which saved their lives. They caught eight to ten fish a day and ate them raw(生的). Then the line broke. “So we had no more fish until something very strange happened. Some sharks(鯊魚) came to feed, and the fish under the raft were afraid and came to the surface. I caught them with my hands.”

About twenty ships passed them, but no one saw them. After fifty days at sea their life-raft was beginning to break up. Then suddenly it was all over. A fishing boat saw them and picked them up. They couldn’t stand up.

So the captain carried them onto his boat and took them to Costa Rica. Their two months at sea was over.

1. Bill and Simone were traveling _______ when they met some whales.

A. in a life-raft B. in Miami

C. in Simony D. in Panama

2. The whales hit the side of the boat, and then _______.

A. they brought in a lot of water

B. they broke the side of the boat

C. they pulled the boat

D. they went under the water

3. After their boat sank, the couple _______.

A. jumped into the life-raft

B. heard water

C. watched the boat go under water

D. stayed in the life-raft

4. During their days at sea, _______ saved their lives.

A. tins of food and bottles of water

B. a fishing-line and a machine

C. whales and sharks

D. Twenty passing ships

5. When they saw the fishing boat which later picked them up, _______.

A. they were too excited to stand up

B. they couldn’t wait to climb onto the boat

C. their life-raft was beginning to break up

D. they knew their two months at sea would be over

【答案與解析】這是一篇關於一對夫婦如何遇到海難，然後在海上的救生艇上生活了66天後獲救的小故事。

1. C。在第二自然段的第1句就告訴我們they left Panama, Simony, they met some whales 說他們是在Simony 旅遊時遇見Whales.

2. B。我們從第二自然段得知They started to hit the side of the boat,也就是說是the whales broke the side of the boat。

3. D。在他們的船沉沒之後，the couple是一直待在船上直至獲救的，而不是一直都在jumped into the life-raft。

4. B。根據第3段的第2句They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water-two things which saved their lives可知：a fishing-line 和 a machine救了他們的命。

5. D。由最後一段After fifty days at sea...我們知道：the couple是太虛弱所以不能站起來，是由船長carried them onto his boat, 而救生艇早在出事後的50天就壞掉了，而不是獲救當天壞的，所以A、B、C都可以排除，D項為正確選項。

閱讀理解【3】

Big Ben is not the name of a man. It is the name of a huge(龐大的)clock in London. London is the capital of England. This clock has four faces. So，no matter where you stand，you can read the time on the face of Big Ben. Each face is the size of a double decker(層)bus. The hands are about four metres long. It is about the size of two people standing on top of each other. If you go to London，you may want to visit the Houses of Parliament(國會大廈). There you will find Big Ben sits at the top of the clock tower(塔)in the Houses of Parliament. Maybe you will hear it as well as see it. The huge clock makes such a loud noise. "Ding dong，ding dong，"it goes every quarter of an hour.

The clock was named after a big man. He was Sir Benjamin Hall. This man did much building work in London many years ago.

1. Big Ben is ______________.

A. a double decker bus B. a huge clock

C. the name of Ben D. a building

2. The clock strikes every _______ of an hour.

A. ten minutes B. fifteen minutes

C. thirty minutes D. forty-five minutes

3. You can read the time of Big Ben _________.

A. at the top of the clock tower

B. in the Houses of parliament

C. on the hands of the huge clock

D. on the four faces of the clock

答案及解析：

1.選B，根據第一行Big Ben is not the name of a man. It is the name of a huge(龐大的)clock in London.可以判斷Big Ben是一個大鍾的名字。

2.選B，根據文中"Ding dong，ding dong，" it goes every quarter of an hour. 即可得知大鍾每15分鍾敲一次。

3.選D，This clock has four faces. So，no matter where you stand，you can read the time on the face of Big Ben.其他三項均不符合題意。

;

㈥ 英語閱讀能力平時怎麼訓練

一、詞彙基礎上深化語法
首先，還是要再提到詞彙復習。因為想在閱讀上有穩步提高，前提條件就是要有一定牢固的詞彙量。其實，我們統計之後發現，除去中學詞彙和考試大綱詞彙表中從來沒有被考查過的詞彙後，考研詞彙就剩下了近兩千個常考高頻詞了。所以，考研英語閱讀理解晉級的關鍵不在那些大家都認識的詞彙，而是要熟練掌握這兩千來個高頻詞彙。
此外，除了詞彙還要把語法加以深入學習。根據歷年考研英語試卷規律，考研中密集考查的語法固定的有6種：定語從句、狀語從句、定語後置、插入語、分詞結構和並列句。這6種語法表面上看很是簡單，其實不然，大家需要把這6個問題深入研究，吃透了才行。考研考生們應該結合語句進行訓練，在訓練中深度掌握語法規律，這對於翻譯閱讀中的長難句很有幫助。
二、加強閱讀訓練計劃
在這個階段，建議廣大考生要適當的加強閱讀訓練計劃，也就是要找來一定數量的文章進行閱讀，提高閱讀的強度。但是要注意，找"閱讀"是有一定的講究的，不能盲目的閱讀，同學們應該在完成上面的詞彙和語法之後再進行這個階段。
那麼，應該搜集哪些文章進行訓練呢?最好的就是試題了，因為歷年試題的閱讀文章不但出處相同，而且語言風格和難度是一致的，所以讀這樣的文章是最接近明年考研試題的，當我們習慣了這樣的語言風格和難度系數，到考場上的發揮自然就流暢了。所以說，閱讀文章不僅要練，還要把握好難度。
三、著手翻譯長難句練習
因為考研英語試題中的閱讀文章有一些是含有長難句的，比較難理解，所以我們再談一談翻譯長難句的問題，這也是同學們在日常復習中經常遇到的問題。在本階段復習中，考生可以嘗試翻譯歷年試題中閱讀理解文章，這樣即練習了翻譯而且還准確的精讀了試題文章，這個精讀的過程是所有想在考試中取得高分的人必須經過的。也許前期比較痛苦，但是可以肯定的是翻譯完20篇後你會感覺所有的考研文章就像是你平時看中文那樣的簡單了。因為翻譯的過程就是分解句子的過程，當你習慣了這樣的思維方式的時候，看到任何句子就會潛意識的去分析它，久而久之，看長難句就容易了，做閱讀理解試題也就沒那麼難了。當然，這個過程是需要時間的沉澱的，不可操之過急。另外，你也可以把歷年試題中，完形填空拿過來進行翻譯訓練，它們都是很好的閱讀翻譯資料。
在這里我們在單獨提一下，試題的作用除了訓練各部分解題能力以外，更重要一點是專項剖析各種題型解題思路。最好的方法是把過去的試題(至少10年)進行分類，把歷年的閱讀放在一起組成閱讀專題，完型也放在一起組成完型專題，寫作、翻譯等也是一樣的做法。然後一個專題一個專題的研究，從中尋覓命題者的命題思路，再從命題者的思路中去尋找化解的思路。最後，再讓各種題型的規律特點的經驗總結，結合大量的習題訓練，做到熟能生巧的程度。在這個過程中，無論是閱讀能力還是其他考查部分的做題套路，你都會有所長進。

㈦ 英語閱讀理解怎麼訓練才能更好地提高能力

同學們，詞抄匯量是一切的基礎呀，老襲老實實背單詞去吧。句子的分析離不開語法，語法不好的話還是系統的去學習一下，學英語軟體推薦阿西吧外教網，這家機構的人氣還是比較高的，用戶也很多，外教一對一授課還不到20元一節課，性價比非常高。

阿西吧外教培訓，發音地道標准，全都持有tesol證，可在官網查詢，而且是一對一的教學模式，上課互動很多：【點擊領取免費試聽課程】咱們家的外教100%有證，純正老師教你正確學英語。

阿西吧外教網的具體優勢如下：
1.師資力量強大，每位外教都有證可查，保障了良好的學習效果。
2.在收費方面，價格比較合理，確保每個學員都能夠負擔得起。
3.外教一對一培訓，針對性比較強，能讓學員有自己的專屬外教。

不知道如何選擇英語機構，可以網路咨詢「阿西吧vivi老師」；

如果想下載免費英語資源，可以網路搜索「阿西吧官網論壇」。

㈧ 提高學生英語閱讀理解能力的有效方法

對於很多學生而言，提高英語閱讀理解能力非常重要。那麼如何提高學生英語閱讀理解能力呢?下面是我為你整理的提高學生英語閱讀理解能力的有效方法，希望大家喜歡!

提高學生英語閱讀理解能力的方法

一、激發學生的閱讀興趣

俗話說：興趣是最好的老師，只有引起學生濃厚的興趣，才能取得良好的學習效果。如何根據學生的年齡特點和英語的學科特點來激發學生的興趣，是每位英語教師都很關心的問題。在具體工作中，首先要充分熟悉教材，准確把握其理念和特點，做到駕馭自如，並認真分析學生的心理需求，明確其興趣所在，從而巧妙設計難度適宜的閱讀輔助題目，結合藝術的講解，不斷滿足學生的求知慾，由淺入深，使學生對英語閱讀的內容、形式產生興趣並長期保持。這樣，提高學生的閱讀能力便有了前提和保證。當然，閱讀是以識字為基礎的，積極背單詞，擁有一定的詞彙量才能使閱讀成為可能。

二、擴大詞彙量

詞彙量的大小直接影響學生的理解和閱讀速度。擴大詞彙量是提高閱讀能力的重要前提。所以，對於每個英語學習者，都要熟練掌握一定量的詞，才能更好地進行閱讀。詞彙量的獲得，首先是課本上的必須掌握。在記單詞時，不要單獨記生詞，那樣很容易忘，最好把它放在句子或文章中一起記憶。把單詞同整句話一起記，不僅記住了單詞的意思，也記住了它的用法。其次，廣泛閱讀是擴大詞彙量的一種非常有效的手段。在泛讀時，不要求對內容完全掌握，能看懂，能接受信息，進行簡單總結，能就所讀內容進行問答即可。廣泛閱讀可以是老師向學生指定閱讀材料，然後統一檢查、提問。也可以是學生自己閱讀，老師不可以撒手不管、放任自流，在讀物選擇方面，老師應給予指導，做到有布置、有指導、有檢查。可以讓學生們通過比賽看書的多少、難易程度、詞彙量的大小來激發讀書的樂趣。

三、引導學生養成良好的閱讀習慣，加快閱讀速度

所謂習慣，就是一個人行為方式的自動化，是不需要思考和意志努力的行為方式。一個好的習慣養成後，能使人終身受益。習慣不是天生的，幫助學生養成良好的學習習慣，是教師教育教學能力的體現。英語教師應引導、督促學生養成閱讀習慣。

(一)養成默讀習慣。有的學生閱讀時，習慣發出聲來讀或心裡默念，甚至用筆或手指一個詞一個詞地指著念，這些閱讀方式會大大降低閱讀速度。因此，教師應指導學生把注意力集中在文字元號上，形成默讀的習慣，以提高閱讀速度。

(二)擴大視幅，減少回視。有些學生習慣於來回數次往返閱讀，或是一眼看一個單詞，這樣逐詞閱讀不僅速度慢，而且很難一下抓住全句意思，因為在一個句子中，一個詞往往不能獨立地表達一個具體的意思，如果逐詞讀，那看過之後腦子里留下的只有零散的單詞，不能很好地理解文章，進而影響閱讀速度。而以意群為單位閱讀，不僅速度快，且能很快抓住全句的意思，因此教師應該訓練學生整句或成組視讀。

(三)閱讀時遇到生詞時，要做到盡量少查詞典或是不查。有些學生在閱讀過程中，一遇到生詞時便查字典，這樣會影響閱讀的速度和理解，因為人的瞬時記憶是很短暫的，查完生詞再往下看，會影響文章內容的連貫性，甚至忘記前面的內容。教師應該鼓勵學生在遇到生詞時，利用上下文、構詞法等來猜測、判斷它的詞義。

(四)限定閱讀時間。為提高閱讀速度，在規定時間內要求學生有效地獲取信息，加快閱讀節奏，從而為高考在規定時間內高質量地完成限定內容奠定良好的基礎。

四、重視閱讀技能的培養

讀書需要多種能力，需要語言能力、記憶能力、語言技能、理解能力及閱讀技能。閱讀能力也是閱讀方法。閱讀目的不同，需要不同的方法;閱讀材料不同，需要不同的方法;不同類的書需要不同的方法。掌握一定的技能之後，還要多練，做到熟能生巧，真正提高閱讀能力。

英語閱讀技能

(一)尋找主題句

每篇文章都是一個有機的整體，一個段落只有一個主題思想，每個段落都有一個句子表達這個段落的主題思想，這個句子叫做主題句。大多數主題句出現在段首，有些主題句出現在段尾，也有少部分的主題句出現在該段中間。但一般文章的寫作都是遵循把重要信息放在第一句這種原則。所以“首行”讀法對於學生讀自己不太熟悉的題材的文章時尤為適用，這樣可以幫助讀者先在頭腦里樹立整篇文章的內容框架，然後再補充框架，仔細閱讀。

(二)首末段落與各段首句讀法

每篇文章或章節的首段和末段具有特殊的重要意義，作者會在首段陳述他的寫作意圖，也可能會在末段對整個章節做出總結。因此，應十分重視首末段落。同時，還要重視各段的第一句，因為往往首段後的各個段落是對首段的展開。再有，重視各段首句可以彌補有時首段陳述不詳的缺陷，解決末段綜述性話語里的疑難問題。

(三)搜尋式閱讀，即跳讀

跳讀的目的是要從文章中查閱到所需要的某些特定的信息。要採取豎視視向閱讀，即眼睛不橫向視讀，要豎向閱讀，對於每行的東西只讀關鍵詞，非關鍵詞不用注意。對關鍵詞也是一掃而過，因為豎視視向閱讀或者掃視關鍵詞都是在掌握主旨大意後，對其他部分的閱讀，速度必須快。關鍵詞是指主語、謂語、賓語;文章標題、引號部分、粗體字、黑體字、大寫字、斜體字、劃線部分;承接語、過渡詞;代詞、動詞、形容詞。

(四)正確判斷和推理

在讀完文章、了解文章大意後，還要向自己提出更高的要求，那就是根據作者使用的語言、敘述的事實、引用例證、人物的對話及動作、心理活動的描寫等推斷出作者寫這篇文章的意圖是什麼，他想要說明什麼問題，表達什麼觀點及持有什麼樣的態度。這是一個通過表面文字推測文章深層結構含義的判斷、推理過程，它能推動學生積極地思考，培養較高的理解能力、准確的判斷能力和果斷的推理能力。這些能力的獲得有利於學生順利地閱讀文章、理解文章，提高閱讀效率。

培養學生英語閱讀能力的方法

1.語言的基本功。掌握一定的語言知識是非常重要的，尤其是詞彙的問題，這是學習語言的基礎。如果詞彙量不大，閱讀過程中勢必遇到的生詞很多，不僅影響閱讀速度，也嚴重影響閱讀理解的質量。學好英語語法及習慣用法，在閱讀理解的文章中，也經常會遇結構復雜的句子及慣用法，而這些結構復雜的長句或慣用法又是解決某題的依據。

2.閱讀方法。在閱讀時，有的人總喜歡用鉛筆或手指在書上的每一行左右移動，生怕遺漏任何一個詞;有的人一邊讀一邊念出聲;有的人一邊讀一邊逐句翻譯;有的人擔心沒有讀懂，反復回頭閱讀;還有的人沒有耐心一目十行。以上都是不正確的閱讀習慣。基本的閱讀方法有三種：略讀、查讀和細讀。在一篇文章的閱讀過程中，我們應該根據不同目的，採用不同的閱讀方法。在正式考試中，閱讀理解部分可遵循下列步驟，先用“略讀”的方法瀏覽全文，以了解心中思想及大意;“查讀”的方法獲勝者某些特定的信息;用“細讀”的方法掌握確切內容或課入的理解。在閱讀過程中，為方便起見，可在文章畫出關健詞句，這樣有助於文章的回查，以此作為答題依據。回答全部問題後，如果時間允許，可再快讀一遍全文，以確定各題答案是否符合文章的精神。

㈨ 小學五年級英語閱讀理解專項訓練

【 #小學英語# 導語】很多學生在做閱讀理解題時，總是丟分，甚至丟很多分。究其原因，貌似閱讀理解做不好，實質上，是讀書面太窄，對漢語的意蘊把握不夠。要想把閱讀理解耐型做好，必須讀足夠的讀物。日常沒有閱讀，卻想把閱讀理解做好，那隻能是痴人說夢。以下是 考 網整理的《小學五年級英語閱讀理解專項訓練》相關資料，希望幫助到您。

1.小學五年級英語閱讀理解專項訓練

It's September. It's fine. Mr. Green and his family are in the park. They are having a good time. Mr. and Mrs. Green are looking at some fish in the lake. Tom, their son, is looking at a plane in the sky. Mary, their daughter, is walking behind her parents. She is looking at fish in the lake, too.
( ) l. It's a fine day today.
( ) 2. Mr. Green and his students are in the park.
( ) 3. Torn is looking at a plane in the sky.
( ) 4. Mary is sitting behind her parents.
( ) 5. Mary is looking at the fish in the lake, too.

2.小學五年級英語閱讀理解專項訓練昌櫻猜

It was Sunday yesterday. Sam and Amy shopped in the department store, Sam wanted to buy a kite. He saw a blue one first. It was nice. But it was too expensive. Then he saw a cheaper one. It was green. He bought it. Amy wanted to buy a red dress,Because red is her favourite colour. She ried a red dress. But it was too big. So Amy took a small one. It was just right.
(1) It was Saturday yesterday.
(2) Sam and Amy went shopping yesterday.
(3) The blue kite was cheap.
(4) Amy likes red very much.
(5) Amy bought a red skirt.

3.小學五年級英語閱頌段讀理解專項訓練

Today was hot. I went to the farm(農場) with my parents. There was a river near the farm . I went to the river with my dog . We ran and played . Suddenly I dropped (掉進)into the river ,「Help , Help……」My dog jumped into(跳進)the river and swam to me , Ten minutes later , I was saved(救). I was grateful to him. We are good friends.
( )1、It was very______________ .
A、cold B、hot C、windy
( )2、I went to the farm with my ______________.
A、parents B、friends C、teacher
( )3、I ran and played with ______________.
A、my cat B、my dog C、my sister
( )4、______________jumped into the river and saved me.
A、My dog B、My mother C、My father
( )5、I was very grateful to my______________ .
A、mother B、friend C、dog

4.小學五年級英語閱讀理解專項訓練

Today is June 1st. It』s Children』s Day. My father takes me to the zoo. There are many kids of animals, such as tigers, pandas, monkeys, elephants and giraffes.
Look, the elephants are walking by the river. The monkeys are climbing mountains. The giraffes are eating leaves. I like pandas best. They are eating bamboo now. Where are the tigers? Oh, they are fighting. I love all the animals.
(   )1. Tomorrow is June 2nd.
(   )2. Today is Teacher』s Day.
(   )3. The giraffes are eating leaves. I like giraffes best.
(   )4. The monkeys can climb mountains.
(   )5. My mother takes me to the zoo.

5.小學五年級英語閱讀理解專項訓練

Today is New Year』s Day. The students are very happy and busy. They are in the classroom now. They are having a big party. Chen Jie is singing and dancing. Amy is drinking water. Jim is eating a big apple . There are many fruits in front of him. Sarah is watching TV. Zhang Peng is talking to Jack. What is the teacher doing? She is writing 「Happy New Year」 on the board. Every body has a good time today.
讀一讀，選一選。
(   ) 1. ---What』s the date today? ---It』s             .
A. June 1st       B. October 1st    C. January 1st
(   )2. The students are            now.
A. in the park   B. in the classroom   C. at home
(   )3. Amy is           .
A. Singing and dancing   B.drinking water   C.drinking milk
(   )4.---Do the students have a good time ?---            .
A.Yes, they do.     B.No, they don』t.     C.We don』t know.
(   )5.---Are there many fruits in the classroom?----             .
A.Yes, there are.   B.Yes, they are.   C.Yes, it is.