高考英語閱讀理解文本分析
① 高考英語閱讀理解及答案解析
高考英語閱讀理解及答案解析
閱讀理解能力屬於語言的領會技能。包括對書面語言的識別、理解、推理、判斷和快速記憶等幾個方面。下面是我給大家收集的高考英語的閱讀理解真題以及答案解析，歡迎大家參考練習!
第一篇：
Think about the different ways that people use the wind.You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat.Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources (來源), as well as one of the oldest.Evidence shows that windmills (風車) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC.They were first introced to Europe ring the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.
For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.
During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to proce electricity.People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever.Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs.Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.
1.From the text we know that windmills ________.
A.were invented by European armies
B.have a history of more than 2,800 years
C.used to supply power to radio in remote areas
D.have rarely been used since electricity was discovered
2.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?
A.Sailing a boat.
B.Procing electricity.
C.Grinding wheat into flour.
D.Pumping water from underground.
3.One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that ________.
A.wind power is cleaner
B.it is one of the oldest power sources
C.it was cheaper to create energy from wind
D.the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs
4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A.The advantages of wind power.
B.The design of wind power plants.
C.The worldwide movement to save energy.
D.The global trend towards procing power from wind.
第二篇：
Winners Club
You choose to be a winner!
The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has heen made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account (交易賬戶) where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7-that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!
It's a club with impressive features for teenagers：
●No account keeping fees!
You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees!
●Excellent interest rates!
You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits (儲蓄) without taking them out in a month.
●Convenient
Teenagers are busy—we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet ...You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job!
●Mega magazine included
Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members.
The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key-card) but it is easy. We can't wait to hear from you. It's the best way to choose to be a winner!
1.The Winners Club is a bank account intended for________.
A.parents
B.teenagers
C.winners
D.alts
2.Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club?
A.Special gifts are ready for parents.
B.The bank opens only on work days.
C.Services are convenient for its members.
D.Fees are necessary for the account keeping.
3.The Winners Club provides magazines which________.
A.encourage spending
B.are free to all teenagers
C.are full of adventure stories
D.help to make more of your money
4.If you want to be a member of the Club, you must________.
A.be an Internet user
B.be permitted by your parent
C.have a big sum of money
D.be in your twenties
5.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To set up a club.
B.To provide part-time jobs.
C.To organize key-cards.
D.To introce a new banking service.
>>>>>>答案與解析<<<<<<
第一篇：
1.C細節理解題。根據第二段的“When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.”可推出，C項符合題意。
2.B細節理解題。根據第二段的“When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to proce electricity.”可知，B項符合題目要求。
3.A細節理解題。根據第三段的“people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to proce electricity”可知，A項符合題意。
4.D推理判斷題。第三段最後已提出現在全球已越來越多地使用風力發電，所以下一段應該要進一步推廣使用風力發電，這是一種總體的能源發展趨勢。故D項正確。
第二篇：
1.B細節理解題。根據文章第一段第一句“The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.”可知，“the Winners Club”是專門為青少年而開設的，所以答案為B項。
2.C細節理解題。第三部分主要介紹這項服務的方便之處，所以對於辦理該業務的.青少年來說是非常便利和快捷的，答案為C項;A項未提到;根據文章前面的介紹可知，銀行應該是全天24小時，每周7天營業，而非只是在工作日，所以B項排除;文章第一部分提到不收取賬戶管理費，所以D項錯誤。
3.D細節理解題。根據特色最後一點“Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.”可知，辦理該業務的青少年除了可以收到定期報告外，還可以免費得到一份雜志，裡面有很多好的建議或辦法可以幫助他們賺取更多的錢，所以答案為D項;A項和C項未提到;B項錯在這份雜志並不是對所有的青少年都是免費的，所以排除。
4.B細節理解題。根據最後一段“You will have to get permission from your parent...”可知，辦理此項銀行業務要得到父母的同意或許可，所以B項正確;該服務介紹第三點中提到辦理業務有多種形式，其中包括使用網路，但不是必須的，所以A項錯誤;由第一點中“You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees.”可知，辦理此項銀行業務的不一定都是有錢人，所以C項排除;D項要求辦理業務者年齡在二十幾歲，文中並未提到。
5.D推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要是介紹一項新的銀行服務項目，所以答案D項正確。
;② 2021全國高考英語一卷D篇閱讀理解辨析
2021全國高考英語一卷D篇閱讀理解
試題文本第一段：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person』s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and 「people skills.」 Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
原文節選第一段對照：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
1. 本段關鍵信息詞彙：changed, popularization, original, misunderstand, makeup, far beyond, skill-based，but,
a. Popularization: 為大眾所普遍接受的（對普通公眾有吸引力的行為、或者現象）
b.makeup: 取含義 （N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格）Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.
There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.
他的性格有致命的缺陷，隨著時間的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者變得漠然。
2. 黑體詞部分從語篇思維角度可能會是影響閱讀理解的關鍵詞，也可能是命題題點所需要支持的信息詞。
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person』s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person』s positive qualities.
本題題干提問信息詞彙：misunderstanding。相對應上面2提到的閱讀以及命題關鍵詞：misunderstood。本題的四個選項對這一部分進行了paraphrase，干擾項把原文信息進行了相反的paraphrase，正確項貌似對信息almost everything desirable 進行了paraphrase：It refers to a person』s positive qualities.但事實上，desirable 和positive 是兩個具有不同性質的修飾類形容詞。兩者嚴謹來講不能同指同一事物。此處，答案選擇D。
文本第一段命題人修改了兩個信息詞distorted—changed；equate—misunderstood。這兩對詞彙的替換是否恰當，供讀者們探討。本觀點認為有欠妥當，因為欠妥當，引起32題的設計結合原文讓人感覺不地道。Distort相似與misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很難語義相關。
考試文本第二段：We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
1.標色部分為「第二段」的試題文本和原文改動詞彙對比。試題文本被認為在此處劃分了另一段落。是否符合語篇寫作形式邏輯，需要從寫作技巧上進行具體分析。
2.事實上，define無需改為describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改為good or bad purposes已經改變了，原作者的寫作意圖，兩者含義區別很大，會給讀者造成一定的思維干擾。perceive,understand,know這樣的替換還是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find, client/ patient,whereas/while, con artist/cheater的替換也可以接受。Ethical 應該是課標詞彙，無需修改。
3.「The ability< to accurately understand how others are feeling >may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. 」這是一個復雜句子，the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此處還是覺得原詞更好）表示「指定性轉折對比」，醫生可以用以對症治療，騙子也可能拿來行騙。得出結論：有情商的人群可能是具有兩面性的分類人群。
33. Why does the author mention 「doctor」 and 「cheater」 in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
此題屬於細節理解題。理解了原文信息就可以讀懂題干。但是選項信息區別性不是太大，命題人從主觀角度給出D為標准答案。比較起來，D為最佳。AC並沒有原則上的非正確性的信息支持。
考試文本第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being.
原文對照：Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
雖然關於情商的流行（大眾化）觀點遠遠超出了研究所能提供的合理支持（論證），但宣傳的總體效果是利大於弊。
a.run far ahead of :遠遠跑在前面。此處語境指「遠遠超過」。
b.publicity n.(媒體的)關注，宣傳，報道;宣傳業;廣告宣傳工作;傳播工作
2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare.
這種普及(媒體宣傳形成的人們的普遍認知）最積極的方面是僱主、教育工作者和其他關心促進社會福利的人對情感的一種新的和急需的強化。
試題文本第四段：
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
原文對照：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.
此處research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替換意義不是很大，原文詞彙更加貼切達意。
1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及幫助公眾和研究者重新評估情感的功能以及它們如何在日常生活中適應性地為人們服務。
34. What is the author』s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
詢問作者情感態度的試題一般可以通過文章信息獲得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的態度是肯定的。
試題文本第五段：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
雖然情緒智力的持續流行的吸引力是可取的，我們希望這種關注將激發對情緒的科學和學術研究的更大興趣。
2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
我們希望在未來的幾十年裡，科學的進步將提供新的視角以此來研究人們如何管理（引領）自己的生活。此處，原文當中的navigate要比修改後的manage更能表達意義。
3.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商，以其對頭腦和心靈的關注，可能會為我們指明正確的方向。
原文對照：
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
此題的命題點屬於對段落大意進行概括，關聯關鍵詞「hope,will，may」, 鏈接答案中的expectations。D項的語言表述是有問題的。B項可以改為：Expectations for future studies on it. C項可以改為：The practical application on it.
總結：本文是節選。文章基本表意完整。選取這一部分視角和普通關於情商的認知有一定的差異性。也正是這種認知差異性使得本文通過英語傳達的思想略有難度。文本有一些復雜句，但整體句式整齊，沒有偏怪句式，不會產生明顯的句式語言障礙。當然，也會對學生的基本語法習得情況有一定的區分度。試題命制中規中矩。試題文本被命題人劃分為5段，從文法角度是否嚴謹科學有待考證。建議語篇分析此文時酌情科學進行。
試卷試題：
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 視角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person』s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person』s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention 「doctor」 and 「cheater」 in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
34. What is the author』s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
原文鏈接：http://eqi.org/salov2.htm Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter
節選原文：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.
Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, ecators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction
③ 英語閱讀文章體裁分析
高考英語考試中閱讀理解的文章一般有這樣幾種文體:即記敘文、描寫文、說明文、應用文和論述文。不同的文體有不同的段落組織方式和脈絡層次。
記敘文往往按時間順序展開段落，文章有明顯表示時間先後的詞語。閱讀時抓住時間這條主線，弄清who、what、where、why與how。
描寫文通過細節的描寫以畫面的方式來反應事物的特徵、性質。對這種文章要迅速弄清其主題，主題詞往往出現在各個句子里，貫穿文章的始末；緊圍繞這個主題進行閱讀，找到文章與之有關的信息，並確定信息與主題的關系。
說明文多見於科普文章，用以解釋或揭示事物的狀態、特徵、演變、結果及其相互之間的關系，這類文體的文章，首句往往是主題句，開門見山，說明文章的關注對象：弄清作者的思路和段落組織的方式；把握次要信息及其與主題的關系。
論述文的閱讀難在這種文章處處都滲透作者的個人觀點、態度。閱讀論述文應該從文體的寫作和結構特點入手。
文章的結構往往容易把握，用主題句開門見山。作者往往通過信號詞(signal words或transitional words)和關聯詞(referents)來組織段落、文章。對信號詞的迅速反應和對關聯詞的准確判斷是至關重要的；要特別注意區分作者的觀點與文章里所提到的人物的觀點，同時注意作者所使用的表示贊同、反對等感情色彩的詞彙。
Come on!
④ 高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析
高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析
在高考英語試卷的各類題型中，閱讀理解和英語作文分值最大，高三學生在復習閱讀理解時也比較吃力，不知從何入手，更不知道怎麼提高閱讀理解能力及分數。下面我為你整理了高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析，希望對您有所幫助!
高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析1：
WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, two of China's top table tennis players, both saw the World Table Tennis Championships as a chance to prove themselves. But there was only one champion (冠軍) and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesday in Yokohama , Japan.
Wang Hao, who won the men's doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9.
Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness (心理穩定) that made the difference. "I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well. This is the result."
Wang Hao said he has always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills. Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter (痛苦的). The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.
"I've come to understand that you can learn important lessons from failure," he said. "Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player." His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.
Liu Guoliang, head coach of China's table tennis team, sang the praises of Wang Hao's victory. "This is just the beginning of his rise," said Liu. "It's the confidence-booster he needs to make further progress."
1.According to the passage, Wang Hao won _____ gold medals in the World Table Tennis Championships in Yokohama, Japan.
A.only one B.two C.three D.four
2.From Wang Hao, we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Liqin is ______.
A.his technical skills B. his physical training
C.his mental toughness D. his past experience
3.What is the next goal of Wang Hao?
A.To win the title of the champion at the 2012 Olympics
B.To beat Wang Liqin again
C.To prove himself in the future competitions
D.To win more golds in future
4.What can we learn from Wang Hao?
A.Failure is the mother of success.
B.Never give up until you succeed.
C.Where there is a will, there is a way.
D.A good beginning makes a good ending.
1.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A.錯因分析沒有全面地閱讀文章，以點代面了。
【解題指導】細節理解題。根據文章第一段和第二段可知。此類題可以帶著問題在文中採用查讀法尋找答案。
【答案】本題的正確選項為B.
2.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A或B或是D。錯因分析是沒有抓住細節理解題的重點，審題不細。因為題干中有一個mainly.
【解題指導】細節理解題。根據文章第三段中的第一句話可知。對於細節理解題的選項的選擇，一定要理解題干，並防止以次代主。
【答案】本題的正確選項為C。
3.【錯解分析】典型錯誤D.錯因分析審題不清，D項也許是Wang Hao的遠期目標，但是題干是the next goal。
【解題指導】細節理解題。根據文章倒數第二段中的「His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.」可知。注意審題。
【答案】本題的正確選項為A。
4.【錯解分析】典型錯誤B或C.錯因分析在於學生對文章的理解不透徹。
【解題指導】推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段可知。推理判斷題要認真研讀文章，根據文章中的內容來進行推理判斷。
【答案】本題的正確選項為A。
高考英語閱讀理解易錯題分析2：
Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City.
Solar City is located 80,000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japan』s sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres. Seventy-five percent of the homes there are covered by solar panels. The government has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the government has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help this program.
People living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. "We moved here because of the panels. It was something we wanted,」 said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husband and two little children about four years ago.
It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope for the country. "People want solar energy,」 said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar energy at the moment. All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is still a wonderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy.
1.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.
A.test the readers』 knowledge about solar energy
B.draw the readers』 attention to the topic
C.learn the situation that solar energy is used
D.invite the readers to answer them
2.The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______.
A.the reason why people are moving into Solar City
B.how the people are living in Solar City
C.the things that people living in Solar City need
D.the life experience from the people living in Solar City
3.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A.Japan is a country which is lacking in energy
B.the solar panels are only useful in sunny days
C.the Solar City program will be successful
D.Solar City is a very modern big city
參考答案及解析：
1.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A.錯因分析：信息錯位，張冠李戴。題干是考查文章開頭的寫作目的，而非全篇的寫作目的。
【解題指導】寫作目的題。作者在文章開頭提出問題讓讀者思考，或是簡單介紹與主題有關的其他事物，目的往往是為了引出主題,故選B。
【答案】本題的正確選項為B。
2.【錯解分析】典型錯誤B.錯因分析是沒有抓住文章段落的主題。
【解題指導】主旨大意題。從本段來看，第一句話說出，生活在太陽城使用太陽電池板省錢。第二句話說出了，生活在太陽城不僅是為了省錢，還為了太陽電池板。因此，可知答案為A。考查文章的段落大意，此時要注意段落的主題句，可位於段首，段尾或段落的中間，也有的要從段中自己提取的。
【答案】本題的.正確選項為A。
3.【錯解分析】典型錯誤A或B.錯因分析是沒有掌握試題的特點，推理判斷題要從文中進行推斷，而不是文中的原話。
【解題指導】推理判斷題。根據文章的最後一段中的「All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010.」可知。此項目的目的達到了。因此，C項正確。D項，可根據文中的「Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres.」知，Solar City並不是一個大城市。A、B兩項是文中的事實，而非推理。推理判斷題分為簡單推理和復雜推理。所謂簡單推理就是以表面文字為前提，以具體事實為依據進行推理，做出判斷。這種推理方式比較直接，只要弄清事實，即可結合常識推斷出合理的結論。而復雜推理就是不但要以文字為依據，而且還要以文章的語境、內涵為前提。這是一種間接而復雜的邏輯推理方式。考生要推斷出文章沒有表明但又合乎邏輯的推理，就必須由表及裡地歸納或演繹。
【答案】本題的正確選項為C。
;⑤ 2021高考英語全國乙卷閱讀理解D篇優劣辨析
2021年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試D篇
原文鏈接：
https://hbr.org/2017/10/why-you-can-focus-in-a-coffee-shop-but-not-in-your-open-office
2021全國乙卷D篇文本
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干擾) in his open office, he said, 「That』s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分貝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one』s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others』 conversations while we』re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence.
B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.
D. 85 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
35.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter. B. He』s on office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
答案：ACDD
解讀：
文章大意：辦公環境「噪音」對環境當中的「人的大腦」的影響。「帶入式」噪音和「非帶入式噪音」是有差別的。文本詞數：394。
本文本因為對原文進行了大量的刪減。所以可以看出刪除部分包含以文章main idea為核心的相關research, 也就是缺少了連貫的科學研究過程的闡述，且以作者第一人稱來敘述，研究並非作者親自參與，所以文章style屬於敘事體，高考當中的文本體裁趨近界定為nonfiction范疇的類科普說明文（事實上是缺少科普文所應該具備的要素的）。
文章當中有一個關鍵信息詞彙coworking space。
拓展信息：
聯合辦公（共享辦公）是一種為降低辦公室租賃成本的辦公模式，來自不同公司的個人在聯合辦公空間中共同工作，在特別設計和安排的辦公空間中共享辦公環境，彼此獨立完成各自項目。同樣的，其應該具有以下四個要素：輕服務——免費提供公共辦公空間、網路、茶水、列印、安保服務等夠靈活——即租即用，租期靈活，領包入住分割式——一個辦公場地被劃分為許多小塊，按照自身需求尋找相應共享式——來自不同公司的個人共享一個辦公環境，更加強調空間與人之間的連接。國內的聯合辦公行業，各品牌已經開始有自己較為明晰對的定位和細分客群， 優客工場和氪空間擁有現如今國內最大的空間數量以及經營面積，主張便捷高效的辦公理念，在引入多元化投資機構的同時，已逐步完成了自身生態圈體系的搭建。
2.1第一段當中During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干擾) in his open office, he said, 「That』s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
本段命題人對原文有一定的改編，首句起到一個引入主題的作用，但對文章整體核心信息並沒有密切的關聯性，所以篇章首句並非都是文本信息具有main idea 有提示作用的關鍵句（如很多文本解讀所述）。整體看，第一段內容屬於中式思維改編，具有一定的跳躍性，但整體信息可以理解。第一段最後兩句的轉折從信息攝入角度看，因信息不足顯得牽強。此處，命題人命制了第一題：
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate.
B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
其實本題的信息提示點遍布全文。只要讀懂全文，回答這個問題就比較容易。但是僅僅從第一段信息來看，試題的答案的文本信息支持是不足的。而本文當中如本題題干提示題境的the interviewer的選擇僅僅在第一段中提到，因此判斷其相關性很牽強。作為考試題答案選擇A。第一段最後一句是一個過渡句，引起下文提到的研究。但是命題人改編刪減後，下文提到的研究所表述的內容和原文的核心信息發生了偏離，同時「開放辦公環境」和「聯合/共享區域辦公」的差異性沒有體現出來。使得文章主體信息發生了偏離。但是不影響做題。
2.2文本第二段：The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分貝),70 decibels, and 85decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
但在70分貝噪音環境中（和咖啡廳里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一組在創造性思維測試中的表現是遠超過其它組的表現的。此外，我們的創造性思維水平在完全安靜的環境中和在85分貝的背景噪音環境中其實並沒有多大差別。此處闡述研究發現人們工作環境的噪音分貝對人們創造性思維的影響。信息直觀陳述。下一題：33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
Total silence. B. 50 decibels. C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels. 因為題干信息提示非常具體—— promote creative thinking ability，回讀文章however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups.既可以選擇答案為C。此處，從做題角度需要考生讀懂幾個關鍵數字（分貝）相關聯的信息。上句是一個復雜巨，把破折號部分去掉，理解outperform基本就可以理解此處信息點，選擇正確答案。
2.3 文本第三段和第四段
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one』s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of"distracted focus"appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others』 conversations while we』re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
這兩段信息也是經過命題人以自己的思維模式刪減改編的。整體上已經偏離了原文所要傳遞的科學規范的邏輯思路和信息。變成了命題人自己的thoughts。所以從文章精準信息傳遞上比較欠缺嚴謹性。第三段所表達的內容基本屬於相關研究結果。屬於對「開放式辦公環境」噪音影響思維的一個研究作證，但並非是「開放式」辦公環境思維能力受干擾的直接相關因素。直接因素是：熟悉環境下人們交談等內容對聽者所引發的代入感才是真正的「干擾」。此處命題：
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected.
B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion.
D. Constant interruptions.
題干提示下的四個備選答案ABC三個選項在文中基本沒有出現相關信息。只有D可以被選為正確答案。此題的問題在於背離真實科學信息而設立的情境。那麼這種閱讀理解以及閱讀理解考查就是虛假的理解測評。
35.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter. B. He』s on office manager.
C. He's a professional designer. D. He's a published writer.
最後一個題目設置的比較頭重腳輕，需要回到文章首句。基本就可以選擇答案了。這個題目從測試目標看效果不太理想。
總結：本文內容特色提及了關於「人腦對於噪音」的影響反應。屬於科普知識。但是文章語境涉及的是辦公環境，是學生所不熟悉的信息。與學生生活學習相關性不大。同時，此類研究並非學術界主流話題研究，非熱點話題。文章經過刪減改變後信息傳遞發生了本質變化，違背了傳遞真實信息的原則，也就是，讀者攝取的可能是不真實的信息。這是本文文本所變現的問題。本篇高考閱讀理解難度從考場答題角度來說屬於中等或中等偏下。題目設置以及干擾項並非很完整。
A few years ago, ring a media interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still ponder often. Ranting about the level of distraction in his open office, he said, 「That』s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.」
While I fully support the backlash against open offices, the comment struck me as odd. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout.
But I recently came across a series of studies examining the effect of sound on the brain that reveals why his strategy works.
From previous research, we know that workers』 primary problem with open or cubicle-filled offices is the unwanted noise.
But new research shows that it may not be the sound itself that distracts us…it may be who is making it. In fact, some level of office banter in the background might actually benefit our ability to do creative tasks, provided we don』t get drawn into the conversation. Instead of total silence, the ideal work environment for creative work has a little bit of background noise. That』s why you might focus really well in a noisy coffee shop, but barely be able to concentrate in a noisy office.
One study, published in the Journal of Consumer Research, found that the right level of ambient noise triggers our minds to think more creatively. The researchers, led by Ravi Mehta of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
Participants were randomized into four groups and everyone was asked to complete a Remote Associates Test (a commonly used measurement that judges creative thinking by asking test-takers to find the relationship between a series of words that, as first glance, appear unrelated). Depending on the group, participants were exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group (those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop) significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking doesn』t differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise — the equivalent of a loud garbage disposal or a quiet motorcycle. Since none of us presumably want to work next to a garbage disposal or motorcycle, I found this surprising.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually boost one』s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may disrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This type of 「distracted focus」 appears to be the optimal state for working on creative tasks. As the authors write, 「Getting into a relatively noisy environment may trigger the brain to think abstractly, and thus generate creative ideas.」
In another study, researchers used frontal lobe electroencephalographic (EEG) machines to study the brain waves of participants as they completed tests of creativity while exposed to various sound environments. The researchers found statistically significant changes in creativity scores and a connection between those scores and certain brain waves. As in the previous study, a certain level of white noise proved the ideal background sound for creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The quiet chatter of colleagues and the gentle thrum of the HVAC should help us focus. The problem may be that, in our offices, we can』t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others』 conversations or from being interrupted while we』re trying to focus. Indeed, the EEG researchers found that face-to-face interactions, conversations, and other disruptions negatively affect the creative process. By contrast, a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of ambient noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
Taken together, the lesson here is that the ideal space for focused work is not about freedom from noise, but about freedom from interruption. Finding a space you can hide away in, regardless of how noisy it is, may be the best strategy for making sure you get the important work done.
原文翻譯：
相信很多人都有這樣的感受：在很吵的咖啡廳能夠非常專注地工作，但在開放式的辦公室卻很難做到專注。究竟為什麼會出現這種現象呢？研究表明，適當水平的環境噪音能激發我們的思維進行更有創造性地思考。讓我們在工作中分心的可能並不是噪音本身，而是是誰製造的這些聲音。在開放式的辦公室，我們通常無法阻止自己被其他人的談話內容所吸引和帶入，或是當我們想集中注意力時卻經常被其他人打斷和打擾。適合專注工作的理想工作環境並不是沒有一點噪音的安靜環境，而是一種不會受到他人打斷和干擾的環境。
幾年前，有一位媒體記者朋友針對我剛出版的一本新書對我做了一次專訪，專訪期間，這位媒體記者說的一段讓我至今都經常思考的話。他說，他所在的開放式辦公環境的噪音讓他非常容易分心，對此他已經忍無可忍，於是他在公司辦公樓街對面的一個聯合辦公空間辦了一個會員，他在那裡能更加專注地工作。
開放式的辦公環境的各種噪音容易讓人分心，對於這一點我非常認同，也深有體會。但是這位記者朋友說到的聯合辦公空間能夠讓他更加專注地工作，這一點卻讓我很難理解。畢竟聯合辦公空間通常採用的也是開放式的辦公布局。
但是最近當我看了一系列研究聲音對大腦的影響方面的文章後，我才開始理解為什麼我的那位媒體朋友為了能專注地工作而選擇在聯合辦公空間工作而不願在自己的開放式辦公室工作。
根據之前的研究，我們知道，開放式辦公環境讓大家最頭疼的一個問題就是有各種大家不想聽到的噪音。
但是最新的研究發現，讓我們在工作中分心的可能並不是聲音本身，而是是誰製造的這些聲音。實際上，適度的辦公室幽默和閑言笑語對我們完成一些創造性的工作是有幫助的，只要我們自己不被這種閑言笑語帶進去就行。適合創造性工作的理想工作環境其實並不是那種一點噪音都沒有的絕對安靜的環境，而是有那種有適度水平的背景噪音的環境。這也是為什麼你能夠在一個有點吵的咖啡廳里專注工作，而在一個嘈雜的辦公室里卻很難集中精力工作。
《消費者研究周刊》發布的一份研究報告顯示，適當水平的環境噪音能激發我們的思維進行更有創造性地思考。伊利諾伊大學香檳分校的Ravi Mehta教授帶領一些研究人員做了這樣一項研究：研究了不同水平的噪音是如何影響那些正在進行創造性思維測試的研究對象的。
研究對象被隨機分為四組，每個人都被要求完成一項遠距離聯想測試（註：研究創造力問題的一種測驗方法。通常，提供幾個相隔較遠的片語，猜測它們共同的關聯詞。如，「鹽 、 深 、 沫」，它的關聯詞是「海」。創造性思考是將聯想得來的元素重新整合的過程。新結合的元素相互之間聯想的距離越遠，這個思維的過程或問題的解決就更有創造力。有創造力的人的聯想不同於一般人。有創造力的人他們有廣泛的聯想，一個元素可以與許多其他元素連接；而一般人的元素連接則比較少）。以組為單位，我們會為研究對象在測試過程中設置不同水平的噪音，從完全的靜音到50分貝、70分貝和85分貝的噪音。大部分分組之間的差異其實並不是太大，但在70分貝噪音環境中（和咖啡廳里的噪音水平非常接近）的那一組在創造性思維測試中的表現是遠超過其它組的表現的。此外，我們的創造性思維水平在完全安靜的環境中和在85分貝的背景噪音環境中其實並沒有多大差別。
因為在70分貝的噪音環境中的那一組的研究對象在創造性思維測試中的表現明顯好於其它組，因此研究認為，恰當水平的背景噪音（噪音不是太大，也不太過安靜）實際上是有助於提高一個人的創造性思維能力的。恰當水平的背景噪音可能會打亂我們正常的思維模式，使我們的想像力得以漫遊，但又不至於會讓我們無法集中注意力。這種「分心式的專注」能夠讓我們以最佳狀態完成創造性任務。正如作者所寫的的那樣：「在一個相對嘈雜的環境中可能會刺激我們的大腦進行更加抽象性地思考，從而產生創造性的想法。」
在另一項研究中，當研究對象在不同水平的噪音環境下完成創造性思維測試的時候，研究人員使用額葉腦電圖（EEG）機器來研究研究對象的腦電波。研究人員發現，研究對象的創造性思維的表現分數在不同噪音環境下的變化是非常大的，同時還發現這個分數與特定的腦電波是有緊密聯系的。和此前的研究結果一樣，一定水平的白噪音環境是完成創造性任務的理想環境。
所以問題來了：為什麼我們中的大部分人都討厭在開放式的辦公室里辦公呢？同事們之間小聲安靜的交談和空調系統製造的柔和聲音應該是能幫助我們集中注意力的。但問題是，在我們所處的開放式辦公室里，我們通常無法阻止自己被其他人的談話內容所吸引和帶入，或是當我們想集中注意力時卻經常被其他人打斷和打擾。事實上，腦電圖研究人員發現，面對面的交流、交談和其他干擾會對人們的創造性工作過程產生負面影響。相比之下，聯合辦公空間或咖啡館提供了一定程度的陌生環境噪音，同時也能讓自己免受他人的打擾，不會有人在你努力集中注意力工作的時候走過來打斷你、干擾你。
總的來說，我們通過上述這些研究成果學到的是：適合專注工作的理想工作環境並不是沒有一點噪音都沒有的決定安靜的環境，而是一種不會受到他人打斷和干擾的環境。因此，找到一個你可以沉浸進去專注工作的環境，不管這個環境有多嘈雜，這才是確保你能完成重要工作的最佳策略。
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⑥ 2018年11月浙江高考英語閱讀B篇分析
摘要
高考英語試題整體題型結構當中，閱讀理解回答問題（包括本文將要評述的閱讀理解四選一試題）占據高考試卷相當的比例。一線教學當中也會使用此類試題作為評價英語學習的方式，那麼如何判斷一篇英語閱讀理解試題的優劣呢？本文以2819年11月浙江高考英語閱讀理解B篇作為實例來進行客觀分析。
文章首句22個詞。並非是一個短句。而且句中沒有生僻詞彙，也沒有復雜句式。但是卻沒有出現本文的主題詞彙summer vacation 。卻巧妙地運用了forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents homes, sleep-away camps and lifeguard stands這樣的描述，引出了下面可能的主題。此處正常來說不會設立命題點，因為單從本句看，沒有命題點需要的支撐信息。甚至讀者也可以躍過此句直接閱讀下文，因為接下來的but summer vacation 提示主題內容開始描述了。首句中可以通過閱讀學習的短語為forget about ，set off for，sleep－away camps，life guard stands。假如此處欲命題的話可以命制一個簡單推斷題，但是干擾項不好設計。而此句在寫作情感上屬於比較歡快的文字，用於句首平衡了文章在語意上的表達風格。
接下來But引出的轉折意義並非是首句的直接轉折而是引出本文的核心闡述脈絡。以三個關鍵轉折時間點為依託，突出summer vacation 的發展歷程，以及每一個階段的特點。也就是說從此處開始文章主要以時間順序來描述。層層遞進。
第一個時間點Before the civil war ，關鍵信息neither of which included a summer vacation ，rural ，urban……。此處命題人命制24題：
24. What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?
A. Enjoy a summer vacation.
B. Take a break each quarter.
C. Have 48 weeks of study a year.
D. Assist their parents with farm work.
本套試卷閱讀理解部分命題人均採用了問答式提問。大約看了一下提問風格，沒有特別的測試學角度意義，應該只是命題人的個人喜好而已。本題題幹部分信息很完整了，個人甚至認為因為題干信息提示過多，這條題目的干擾項會是一種「傾向於繞腦的考查」，而不是純粹的對文章主題信息的理解程度的考查。看選項，BC項是描述當時的urban school 相應情況的，所以題干限制在rural上，A項的設置還是比較好的，有對於文中信息neither of which 部分的一個理解誤判的可能性。答案是D項。
接下來是時間標志詞in the 1840s，而命題人也是根據三個時間發展段的相關信息來設計命題點的。文章脈絡沒有特殊分析價值，看試題25題干依然是全包含具體信息題干，關鍵詞ecational reformers ，in the 1840s，基本就完全制約限制了讀者的思維，只需要根據提示回讀原文信息即可。此題的特點是，選項B項的設置為原文信息第一段Rural(農村的）schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons.和本段中that rural schooling was not enough ，甚至可以說直接根據後者就可以否定，這種干擾項命題方式屬於民間所說的原文信息反面paraphrase ，既然not enough，自然不能再shortenen 了，此干擾項的設置還可以算作閱讀理解范圍內的可能誤判而出現的信息誤差點，盡管選項內容和題干內容的信息提示都過度具體，但是可以接受。C項在原文信息鏈中是不存在相關信息支持的。從原文介紹summer vacation 到此處promote the study of farming，基本沒有邏輯和思維關聯性。原文提示farming calendar 是改革的措施之一。D項也是「張冠李戴」式的干擾項設置，原文it offered a rest for teachers，而rest則在summer vacation 的信息鏈條上。這就是信息鏈條緊密結合相關主題的閱讀模式，可以有助於此類閱讀理解命題的理解和解答。答案A。A項的確認可以從文章發展脈絡以及第二段整體信息可以推測出來，也就是「先無後有」，而通過常識也知道summer vacation 是存在的了。
25. What did the ecational reformers do in the 1840s?
A. They introced summer vacation.
B. They shortened rural school terms.
C. They promoted the study of farming.
D. They advocated higher pay for teachers.
按照時間發展順序看接下來一段信息，modern age，為了便於直觀理解把本段內容復制過來：But people's opinion about the modern U.S.school year, which averages 180 days,is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international ecation reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships（實習）or study, there's still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.看段落銜接詞But從語篇分析角度這是一個對於之前信息的轉折，也就是說，上面的信息內容傳遞的核心含義在此段會有轉折性的表述，此處以people』s opinion 的形式出現，而首句中的180days，school year暗示假期也是180days，根據邏輯解讀判斷，此假期時間是比較長的。而此句當中divided的運用說明相關觀點是有分歧的，所以26題當中提到了some people unhappy 也就是其中一部分人的觀點。看接下來的一個長句Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international ecation reports published in 2007. 首先作者採用了expers的觀點，且提到了two international ecation reports published in 2007，作者如此寫作的目的是為了證明觀點的權威性，增加可信度。pleasant but lazy 即可以根據緊接著的舉例而肯定所要強調的是lazy帶來的後果。此句盡管略長，但沒有影響閱讀的生僻詞彙和句式，所以基本可以掌握傳遞的信息。到此處可以完成26題：
26. Why are some people unhappy about the modern U. S. school year?
A. It pushes the teachers too hard.
B. It reces the quality of ecation
C. It ignores science instruction.
D. It includes no time for internships.
因為接下來文章最後的觀點屬於解決問題的辦法，所以和26題關聯不大。此題的作答最佳方法就是直接從題目到原文到正確答案。不要細致琢磨干擾項，因為正確答案可以直接判斷，防止被干擾和節約作答時間。答案為B。
簡要總結：
本文文本選取還是可以的，內容為中學生相關，且具有跨文化差異性，可以輔助了解美國中學summer vacation 的相關信息。文章寫作風格比較平鋪直敘，按照時間順序進行羅列，因此結構比較清晰，圍繞核心話題論述比較緊湊，信息鏈明確。但由於文章風格是細節描述非常多，所以留給讀者的深層次閱讀和推理審辨閱讀理解的空間不大。命題人全部設置了完全細節問答模式，把閱讀者思維限制在局限范圍內。題目設置優點在於干擾項的設置，大多比較巧妙（通俗說比較繞），避免了細節題目可能的弱干擾或者無效干擾。本篇作答特點是題干——原文——正確答案。盡量減少在干擾項上的徘徊。
⑦ 2019天津高考英語試題閱讀理解D簡析
首先看本文的體裁，如何界定？第一、以第一人稱做敘述。第二、涉及到了一定的時間地點人物事件。第三、通過事件敘述有一定的說理。從而大約把本文歸類為說理性敘述文（側重說理，從而有論說文的痕跡）。再看題材，主要圍繞大學選取專業的一些客觀事實來進行敘述的。屬於校園生活、學生生活、捎帶社會認知話題，而文章的主體信息又集中在人文學科的特色上，所以整體行文和語言運用又有一定的專業性特點，這也是文章讓人感覺稍有難度的原因。本篇被設置在五篇閱讀理解題的D篇位置，民間或者約定的說法這是比較難的定位？我不確認。但是同時本套試題中還有另外一篇情節相對簡單的記敘文。
本文以作者的親身經歷為依託，從作者的思維角度闡述問題，那麼就可以定調，它是帶有一定的傾向性的，傾向於作者本人的觀點。所以閱讀時要注意作者本身通過語言描述表達的觀點和態度。命題也會集中在這些點上。
看文章第一段，幾個關鍵詞：but ，so，forced，another but。本段在寫作信息傳遞上有些模糊的地方在於，有一個信息點：
but eventually I exhausted myself understanding the economy and trying new marketing techniques，此處作者沒有交代是選擇了這個專業試讀之後感覺不適合，還是在沒有讀之前根據各種信息的了解主觀上感覺不合適，有些含糊。從而缺少了行文的真實邏輯性，但是不影響整篇文章的核心思想的表達。推測一下，整體感覺脈絡是這樣的：最初想要選擇人文學科——受其他因素影響而選擇了實用的企業管理——就讀企業管理後，不能適應——轉專業回到最初的喜好專業（人文相關）。本段沒有生僻詞彙和不容易駕馭的復雜句式。本段最後一句是關鍵信息，表達了作者的最後選擇。所以可以看試題：
51 Why did the author choose Business Management as his major at first?
命題人選取的角度通過題干信息Business Management ，at first 限定。備選項中acd是本題關鍵選項，c是拼湊的，可以比較容易排除，a選項從邏輯角度是有問題的，邏輯上，假如對某種專業產生倦怠感，是要經過一定的學習之後而可能出現的，這就需要之前曾選擇過這一專業，而本文並沒有闡述清楚，也就是說此處的was tired of…和題干有一定的邏輯沖突。D選項也不是很嚴謹，從原文信息看，作者是受他人以及選擇專業的一些影響而選擇Business management ，這和他自身意願選擇有細微區別的。綜合看四個選項D為最佳答案。此題的幾個邏輯問題是at first 如何界定，最初的want 比較文學和之後的business 的選擇是不是都是作者的want。邏輯問題，有些是比較顯現的有的卻很隱晦，俗話說有「普世邏輯也有各自不同的邏輯」。
文章第二段是作者對於人文學科的觀點態度。第二段第一句可以作為復雜句式來講解語法。關鍵詞是abstract，not applicable 。The worries are …the majors are abstract，…。銜接詞actually後面信息 表達的是作者的真實觀點。Actually ideas discussed in Humanities classes, which are occasionally different from what people commonly believe, offer a broad perspective(視角).強調了課堂上所討論的觀點。看試題：試題題干限制詞a broad perspective 和原文信息詞彙完全一致，所以做題方法就是點對點回到原文查找信息。這個題目的命制不是很成功，往往點對點限制信息命題，干擾項都是很難設置的，本題也是如此，出現了干擾項設置的尷尬，至於此處的問題具體在哪裡，不做詳細解釋。且此題是在極度細節上的一個小推斷，所以是否是事實上能夠成立的觀點，不能確定。B為答案。
第二段和第三段當中都出現了多個疑問句，都是作者的羅列，從快速閱讀和考場作答角度基本可以略過，正常來說，這些問題也沒有可以設問的題點。
52.According to the author, what is a possible way to gain a broad perspective?
A.Making more friends and learning from them.
B.Exchanging ideas in a philosophy seminar.
C.Opening your mind to future possibilities. D.Getting to know the popular opinion of society.
看下一題：
53.In which of the following situations do soft skills play the most important role?
A.Writing a software program. B.Performing a heart operation.
C.Playing a musical instrument. D.Negotiating with a business partner.
題干核心信息詞soft skills 回原文查找信息…while humanities majors learn 「soft skills」 like communicating effectively，此處的while 表示轉折，和之前提到的stem學科的硬科技相比較，所以軟技能可能涉及的方向就大致可以理解了，此題命制特點同上一題，不再重復。假如學生大腦中直接可以理解soft skills 基本可以不做原文閱讀就可以選出答案。
看下一題，關於job market 在最後一段中作者做了肯定的闡述。The job market is quietly creating thousands of openings a week for people who can bring a humanist』s grace to our rapidly evolving high-tech future.這句話是比較優美而達意的一句話，可以用來做句子賞析。quietly creating …，bring a humanist』s grace 使用的比較優美。
翻譯一：就業市場正在悄無聲息地為那些能為我們快速發展的高科技未來帶來人文主義魅力的人創造每周數千個職位空缺。
翻譯二：每周，就業市場都在悄無聲息地創造出數千個職位，虛席以待那些能為我們快速發展的高科技未來帶來人文主義魅力的人們。
根據文章基調和文章最後一段信息答案為C。至於a選項，只能說本文沒有提及。但他是一個相對強干擾項。每周，就業市場都在悄無聲息地創造出數千個職位虛席以待那些能為我們快速發展的高科技未來帶來人文主義魅力的人們。
54.The author believes the job market for Humanities graates is ______. A.recovering
B.depressing
C.promising
D.challenging
最後一個題是標題歸納。滿足標題歸納題目的特點，答案A。
55.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Stick to Your Desired Major
B.Broaden Your Perspective
C.How to Acquire Soft Skills
D.Humanities vs. STEM
小結：文本選取題材比較符合學生認知水平。但文章應該並非出自英美主流媒體，作者似乎也不是英美母語人士，這一點有待查證，看文本出處就可以了。文章寫作沒有難點，理解時抓住核心信息點即可。試題命制中規中矩。
試題原文和原題如下：
When I graated from high school, I wanted to major in comparative literature. But, once I found out my friends were going into 「real」 majors, like marketing, nursing, and engineering, I figured I needed to do the same to ensure a good career. So I changed my mind and chose Business Management as my major. I forced myself to believe that I would enjoy it and succeed in the future, but eventually I exhausted myself understanding the economy and trying new marketing techniques. Coming out of this experience, I realize it is ok to be different from others and to study things like classics, art history and other majors offered in the College of Humanities(人文學科)!
The worries most people have about a Humanities degree and finding a career afterwards are that the majors are too abstract, and one will not obtain any applicable skills. Actually ideas discussed in Humanities classes, which are occasionally different from what people commonly believe, offer a broad perspective(視角). How could one effectively be an unbiased(無偏見的)writer with only a knowledge of the popular opinion of society? How could one speak persuasively with closed minds? Only seeing the world through a single perspective leads to missed learning, missed friendships, and missed growth! With a broader perspective, we will be more free, more open-minded, and less limited in what we can become!
STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) graates learn actual skills in their studies, while humanities majors learn 「soft skills」 like communicating effectively through writing critically and speaking persuasively, synthesizing(綜合)ideas through gathering and interpreting information, and developing cultural awareness. Do those soft skills sound useless and inapplicable to you? Think of it. How often do you communicate with others? Proce ideas? Encounter people from other cultures? Every day. Every SECOND of every day. So why not master these skills?
If you choose a major in the College of Humanities, you will be needed. The job market is quietly creating thousands of openings a week for people who can bring a humanist』s grace to our rapidly evolving high-tech future. Your skills will be valuable to any workplace you hope to be in. Chase after your dream major with all your energy, no matter what other people think.
51.Why did the author choose Business Management as his major at first?
A.He was tired of learning comparative literature.
B.He came to enjoy learning marketing techniques.
C.He wanted to go to the same university as his friends.
D.He believed Business Management was more practical.
52.According to the author, what is a possible way to gain a broad perspective?
A.Making more friends and learning from them.
B.Exchanging ideas in a philosophy seminar.
C.Opening your mind to future possibilities. D.Getting to know the popular opinion of society.
53.In which of the following situations do soft skills play the most important role?
A.Writing a software program. B.Performing a heart operation.
C.Playing a musical instrument. D.Negotiating with a business partner.
54.The author believes the job market for Humanities graates is ______. A.recovering
B.depressing
C.promising
D.challenging
55.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Stick to Your Desired Major
B.Broaden Your Perspective
C.How to Acquire Soft Skills
D.Humanities vs. STEM
DBDCA
⑧ 高考英語閱讀題的解題思路分析
高考英語閱讀題的解題思路
1.正確審題是答題基礎
審題正確保證所獲取的信息正確,為正確答題提供保障;相反,如果審題錯誤,就會導致獲取的信息錯誤,最後引起答題錯誤,因此第一步就要正確審題。正確的審題包括兩個方面的要求:一是對問題的內容正確理解，二是對問題的要求准確把握。只有這樣,把問題弄明白了,才能保證答題的方向正確。
2.查找相關信息是答題的關鍵
信息是答題的根據、答題的根本。如果找不出信息,也就無法答題。因此查找相關信息是正確答題的關鍵。然而一篇三百字左右的文章所包含的信息很多,考生不能胡亂找出一二句話作為答題的信息,而必須根據第一步對問題內容的理解,找出與問題內容相關的句子。從而使答案有據可查、有本可依,保證答案內容正確。
3.正確表達是答題的目的
正確表達是答題的歸宿、是答題的目的。如果表達不正確,輕則影響得分,重則前功盡棄。因此,在找出了與問題相關的信息後,就必須結合問題的要求,對信息進行加工、整合、處理,保證答案的形式正確,從而使答案正確無誤。
高中英語的閱讀題的答題技巧
1.先題後文,有的放矢
考生在答題之前,先瀏覽一下問題,弄清問題的內容和要求。然後帶著問題去閱讀文章,從而避免了文章中無關信息的干擾,使閱讀有意識、有目的地進行。
2.快速閱讀,找出信息
閱讀文章時,對於與問題無關的信息一掃而過,特別是對與問題無關的生詞,當放下的就必須放下,切不可糾纏不清,耽誤時間;而對於與問題相關的信息在閱讀時就一邊用筆將其圈劃出來。
待到把文章閱讀完以後,只要清虛豎對這些信息進行處理即可。
3.研究信息,正確作答
通過對文章的閱讀,找出了與問題相關的信息,那麼就要回過頭來,根據問題的要求對信息進行加工、處理。
4.對照檢查,確保無誤
對問題進行作答後,若時間允許的話,應該將問題、相關信息及所作答案進行對照,檢查意思是否准確一致、表達方式是否得當、單詞拼寫是否正確。這樣確保答案無誤,從而奪得本試題的高分。
高中英語完形填空的做題方法
第一步：跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意。第一遍讀文章時不要做題，而是跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。平時自己做題時，如果讀一遍讀不懂，那就讀兩遍，讀兩遍還是讀不懂，那就再讀一遍。一定要記住「讀不懂文章不要做題」，因為沒有理解文章做了也是白做，既浪費時間又浪費精力，還自欺欺人，危害不小。總之，一定要在理解短文意思的基礎上才能開始做題。
另外，讀第一遍時要注意先讀懂文章的首句和末句，因為這兩句往往是沒有被挖空的句子。它們往往是全文的關鍵句，是文章的「窗口」和「指南」，可作為解題的突破口。通過讀文章的首句一般可判斷文章的體裁、人物、時間、事件和事態等。文章的最後一句或最後一段，往往是故事發展的結果，所陳述的事件的結論、啟示性的提示，或是對全篇文章的概括。因此，先讀一讀末句對理解文章是很有幫助的。
第二步：結合選項，綜合考慮，初選答案。在理解全文意思的基礎上，結合所給備選項再次細讀全文。聯繫上、下文內容。注意從上、下文的語法結構和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示答大。以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結構人手，根據短文意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮，對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項，初步選定答案。有把握的先做，沒有把握的「跳過」。
第三步：先易後難，瞻前顧後，各個擊破。對比較明顯、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續往下做，最後回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文，隨著對短文理解的深入，自然就會降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。
值得一提的是，近年來的高考完形填空，已很少有純粹的語法題材。完形填空主要考查考生根據不完整的上下文，推斷出文段發展走向的邏輯思維能力，其考查的重點不是語法和詞法的知識。任何一篇文章的句子結構和內容上不會孤立存在，句子譽擾與句子之間是有很強的邏輯關系的。因此，必須藉助上下文的一些暗示才能正確解題。
第四步：復讀全文，逐空驗證，彌補疏漏。做完所有的空格後，把所選的答案補入空格中，把文章通讀一遍，逐空認真復查，看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前後連貫、順理成章，語法結構是否正確，是否符合習慣表達法，發現誤選的答案或有疑問的、不清楚的答案，再次推敲，作出修正。
⑨ 高考英語閱讀理解題及答案解析
高考英語閱讀理解題及答案解析
能正確的掌握英語文章信息是我們學習英語的目的之一，也是高考英語重點考察項目之一。為了幫助大家提高自己的閱讀理解能力，我整理了一些高考英語閱讀理解，以供大家練習，希望能對大家有所幫助!
photograph
Are all your photographs good?Be honest with yourself. Aren』t some of your pictures too dark, and others too light?How many times have you thrown away a photo?We, the Fine Photograph Club, can help you. We meet every Wednesday in our comfortable club room in Bridge Street. At 7:30 p.m. a
member of the club or a visitor would give a talk, and then we have coffee. Our members will advise you on all the latest cameras and films. They will help you to develop your films or enlarge your pictures. What does it all cost?Only 5 pounds a year.
Photography is now a big business. Do you know, for instance, that there are 15 million cameras in our country?And that 700 million photographs are taken a year, more than one-third of them in color?Think of the amount of photography in television, the cinema, newspapers, books, advertisements and so on. In modern life people learn a lot from pictures, so photography is more and more important. It is also more complicated and more expensive than it used to be. You may only want to take good photographs of faces and places. If so, we can help you to get better results. You needn』t waste any more money. If you want to learn more about photography and how it is used, join the club please. You won』t be disappointed. Write now to the Secretary, Fine Photograph Club. Bridge Street. 31. The purpose of passage is to _____.
A. show people how to take fine pictures
B. tell people photography is now a big business
C. tell people the club can do many things for you
D. encourage people to join the photograph club
答案為D。此句為測試作者的寫作目的。「呼籲人們都來加入到攝影俱樂部!」這是本文的主要目的。本文的.最後部分也是對全文內容的重點回應。 32. If you want to join the club, you _____.
A. must be good at photography
B. must know about the latest cameras and films
C. must pay a little money a year
D. must be honest with yourself
答案為C。此句為細節題。從短文第一段的最後一句話：five pounds a year中得出答案。
33. You are able to be honest so that you can_____.
A. say if your photos are good or bad
B. tell how much money you waste
C. help the Fine Photograph Club
D. know the latest development in cameras
答案為A。此句為細節推理題。將第一段內容進行綜合分析，可以知道：這是Fine Photograph club所做的宣傳廣告，讓人們知道他們是為了幫助人們提高攝影技術，避免出現浪費現象，而且費用低廉。因此選項A符合短文的內容。
34. The club can give the following service except _____.
A. coffee B. amusement C. advice D. information
答案為B。此句為細節推理題。從短文內容上看，文章中出現了：and then we have coffee(選項A的內容)，will advise you on all the latest(選項C的內容)和if you want to learnit is used(選項D的內容)，這樣只有選項B的內容在短文中沒有出現了。
35.Which statement of the following is true?
A. If you are a member of Fine Photograph Club, it will cost you only 5 pounds to buy a camera.
B. All the members of Fine Photograph Club can take free photographs of faces and places.
C. More than a third of 700 million color photographs are taken a year.
D. If you write to the photograph club, you will be very good at photographing.
答案為C。細節題。在短文And that 700 million photographs are taken a year，more than one-third Of them in color?中給出了答案。其中的them就是700 million photographs。
business
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives. His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn』t this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
36. Alfred』s business was _____.
A. making and selling explosives B. not making and selling weapons
C. making explosives and selling weapons D. making weapons and selling explosives
答案為A。細節題。將這兩句話His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives.合並在一起理解.就是：他的企業是製造並販賣炸葯的。
37. Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because _____.
A. he made enough money
B. he hated war
C. he wanted to get more interest from the fund
D. he liked to live in a peaceful world
答案為B。此句為細節推理題。從he hated war.He hoped that there would be no war in the world.這里可以看出Nobel討厭戰爭，因此希望以後不再有戰爭。
38. Nobel Prizes come from _____.
A. all Nobel』s money in the fund
B. all Nobel』s money in his company
C. all the interest from the fund
D. some of the interest in the fund
答案為C。此句為細節推理題。Nobel Prizes的來源在本文中是指：「He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.」也就是他基金中每年的利息。
39. Nobel was a (an) _____ person in the world.
A. interesting B. unselfish C. kind-hearted D. richest
答案為B。此句為細節推理題。從短文最後一段的內容看，Nobel的無私奉獻為世界人民做出了貢獻。因此應該說他是一個無私的人。
40. Which statement of the following is Right according to the passage?
A. Nobel set up his company to sell clothes. B. Most of Nobel』s money was used for the world Wars.
C. Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.
D. Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share. 答案為D。此句為細節推理題。在He made money all by his own efforts.But he left the world share his wealth.這句話中，我們可以看出Nobel將所掙的錢全部留給世界人民去分享(share)。
;⑩ 2018高考英語閱讀理解北京卷D篇淺析
首先，文本選自洛杉磯時報http://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-autonomous-vehicles-planning-20180309-story.html 2018年3月9日發表的名為If we don't plan for them, autonomous vehicles could make our car-dominated transit system even worse的文章。
看原標題可以得出幾個信息：1.目前有plan，2.car−dominated transit system是關鍵問題3.even worse，也就是有前提條件，然後才可能出現某種預期。
這篇閱讀理解試題選文的特點是，1.文章是國外主流媒體新近更新的文章，相對於高考日期來說是比較新的。2.題材相對比較前沿——關於無人駕駛汽車。相對來說的新科技話題，具有一定的信息引領性。同時，無人駕駛也是目前比較有爭論的話題，所以任何一篇文章都不會完全從某一個角度獨立來分析闡述這一現象，除非絕對的專業測評或者技術等視角，普通評論或者描述文章一定都會有或多或少的利弊分析，因為這是未知因素會有所影響的一個話題。本文也不例外，但是本文經過改編後明顯把話題傾向性定位在positive 上，整體看不出明顯的問題，但是會有對客觀事實的微小不尊重。這是從閱讀理解試題選文的真實性信息來考慮的。本文讀者受眾沒有刻意的區分和歸類以及傾向性，文章也不算純粹的科普文，屬於普通的說事文吧，依然是側重introce and describe ，因為沒有明顯的正反觀點的對比，文中對比主要體現在現象的比較，所以涉及argumentation 的成分很少。基於此，本文的行文，正常來說要圍繞提出問題——分析問題——解決問題來進行。
試卷文本和原文比較有大量刪減改編。
首先看改編後的標題Preparing Cities for Robot Cars關鍵信息定位在preparing cities。但是我們在正文當中是否能夠找到關鍵信息來支持標題核心信息，我認真閱讀後，還是不明朗。但是原選文標題比較符合原選文的核心內容。而且此標題從語言角度來說也不好理解，所以標題不做更多解釋。
（2018•北京）閱讀理解D
標題Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
試題文章第一段
原本想和原文比較一下改動部分，但是改動太大，就省略了吧，很明顯感覺改動得不是很好。比如prospect被替換為possibility 這個在理解文本含義上可以理解，但是假如作為精讀去點對點分析，就會不如原詞彙那麼妥帖，我只能用這個詞來形容。看prospects詞彙解釋：
以此例來說明改編的可能的不準確性，文本下面部分的改編的類似問題不再重復說明。
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. 開篇點「題」，把無人駕駛汽車的現存狀態通過一個語義對比句展示出來。告知讀者本文是圍繞無人駕駛汽車現狀的某個問題闡述的。接下來的test，cleared the way 暗示一是有測試環節，二是有相關輔助環節。
California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. 這是本文中圍繞標題而出現的最重要的關鍵信息。暗示cities在無人駕駛領域所可能做出的貢獻。
But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
此處有本文的一個題點關鍵詞regulated，提示regulation 對於無人駕駛未來走向的重要性。看48題：
As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
題幹部分有關鍵信息詞author ，major 所以就限定是本文作者的重點的……關注點，所以需要透徹理解本文所傳遞的信息是什麼，還要結合選項內容來看。同時結合原文看，本文是把safety 部分內容刪除掉了，而我們看四個選項事實上都可以，四個選項和客觀真實性是保持一致的，至於本試題當中認為限制答案為D，從做題角度會有很多解釋，但是這樣的試題不嚴密，且，好的試題不會用major來限定。
第二段
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also ……段首用了一個暗含轉折，實際上是語義的一個側重「確定」的句子，使用了while …also表達，前後兩者都存在，但是此處側重強調後者的意思。那麼也就是說safety 問題是現存的一個相關焦點，但是這里作者想要強調also後面的內容。所以，從全文角度看，經過改編的文本有了作者或者文章態度上的些許不同，本段和原文比較有部分詞彙改編刪減，但是基本符合要求，沒有大的變化。
接下來的內容作者具體描述無人駕駛汽車的優勢和特色，包括停車管理，環境保護，以及和計程車公司等相比較的更多的便利，原文提到了優步等出租公司的disadvantageous ，但試題文本有刪減，所以個別信息在理解上會覺得有模糊的感覺，不透徹。本段結束。
在此，我們就可以暫停，看試題：
47.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
題干中使用了pay attention to ，而這個題干是完全可以修改成一個更地道的句子的，也可以是問答方式，不是填空式。重點又在author 和attention 來限定信息，也就是可以推測，題目需要做答的是作者在本文中想要表達的觀點，那麼根據文本內容，c項是可以否定的。abd都不是可以完全限制的信息，也就是都有可能性，只是a項更符合出題人的思路，所以答案是A。
接下來看下一段內容，
Do we want to — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most alts own indivial self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫車) services.
段首一句屬於段落銜接句，用設問的形式引出來。一方面提示讀者思考，給出自己的思維判斷，同時引出下面作者想要陳述的內容，此句看關鍵詞worsen ，也就是說，作者暗示的觀點是現有的交通的諸多不利因素，對於無人駕駛汽車來說會是什麼樣的一種對比分析結果呢？而通過上文中作者的情感態度，大致可以判斷，下文作者想要闡述的是如何規避現有交通的不利因素。通過閱讀試卷上的文本，我感覺此段信息和句首信息不一致，而且不符合常理，所以我再次查閱原文，因為在手機上編輯，順便簡單截圖一下，如下：
通過閱讀原文，可以了解，此處被命題人刪除掉了，但是此舉就完全改變了文章的行文思路和意義的正常表達。因為在提到了無人駕駛汽車的優勢以後，作者做了一個imagine ，也就是假想內容，而此假設導致的結果就是滿街的無人駕駛汽車，而此句也被命題人刪除了，但是這些信息是非常關鍵的信息，是管理者要解決無人駕駛汽車所要面對的關鍵問題，刪除後，就不能體現初衷含義了，而且閱讀時會晦澀，不能夠真正表達真實場景。具體語言不做分析解釋，接下來看下一段，
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could rece carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基礎設施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(責任與維護問題). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.此段因為刪除掉的信息，而會覺得沒有自然的過度和銜接。在介紹了環保和降低使用成本等優勢以後，作者把話題引到了首批無人駕駛汽車的試用上，
commercially available，almost certainly，technologyas well as liability and maintenance issues，這些詞是屬於此處的主要信息詞，提示下面舉措的原因，命題人沒有在此處命題，而是避開，命制了一個所謂猜測詞義題目。來看試題：
49.What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reced.
根據field所在原文語境，提示，鑒於一些考量首先要把無人駕駛技術應用於叫車服務領域。field在此處取其名詞「領域」的動詞含義「應用於某一領域」，在此，也就是把車輛服務劃分了，可能有：公共交通，私人汽車，叫車服務等等。所以在理解此詞的時候需要理解原語境的微妙提示，而不是簡單來隨意根據主觀判斷下結論，盡管結論可能也不是太離譜，至少我查了很多詞典，沒有查到field的英英解釋為employ。細節不做分析。繼續下一段，
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
最後一段，我們看它的情感態度，一個對未來的期待和展望，是建立在對現有一些問題和技術的解決和確認的基礎上的，也就是說，作者的觀點態度中規中矩，但最後一句還是表達了對未來無人駕駛汽車的正面期待。結尾段，對整個上文信息做了概括總結，綜合了上文信息點。看最後一題：
50.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.
答案是B。這個不多說，假如發散開來還有很多內容能夠闡述。
總結一下：
本題目選自主流外刊，時間比較新，話題比較新。命題人對文本進行了一定量的改動刪減，個人認為已經影響了准確和地道信息的傳遞，這是不太看好的地方。文本語言和結構沒有特殊難點，試題命制也沒有深度思維理解的題目，所以考慮試題安排難度，應該不是難題范疇。解讀本文本相當於外刊解讀的一個過程了。所以說高考題目文本精良，和外刊解讀和運用分割開來不是一個真命題。我記得16年北京好像也是D篇，也是命題人做了一些刪減改編，而使得整個行文不達意，試題缺少信息支持。這是一個不可忽視的命題問題。
沒有時間和精力做更精細的分析。
下面是試題原文：
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help rece traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most alts own indivial self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫車) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could rece carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基礎設施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(責任與維護問題). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment D. make some people lose jobs
48.As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
49.What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reced.
50.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.