遺傳英語閱讀
1. 英語閱讀理解求答案
許多美國總統在19世紀被博爾在貧困家庭。他們度過了童年的小woodenrooms。（1）他們沒有教育（教育）。（5）華盛頓andlincoln，例如，不去學校，他們taughtthemselves。林肯曾經工作的工人，後官店- keeperand早年。
（4）大量的你。美國總統的經驗（經歷）在軍隊。在最著名的是尤利西斯螞蟻anddwight·艾森豪威爾。遺傳螞蟻一般（將軍）在美國的內戰和（2）艾森豪威爾是她在二戰。我曾經擁有他們畢業（畢業）從同一學校——西點軍校軍事學院（西點軍校）。你可以在李爾的公關工，他們都做得不好，在學校。艾森豪威爾，例如，曾經是罰款（罰款）因為他違反了校規。
該工作的美國總統是累人。他必須保持不重要的東西在國內外一切發生的時候。每一天，很多工作是其對他那樣做，他必須作出許多重要的決定。當法國nklin rooseveltwas孩子，他曾經給參觀總統不向不heold總統說他，「當你長大後，你不應該總統。這是一個累人的工作。」
1。在ninet事件的世紀，許多美國總統。
答：沒有多少知識的工作
B .已工人，商店老闆和郵政官員在耳朵上的一年
C .不能接受良好的教育才能長大後
D .不想去上學期間的童年
2。總統艾森豪威爾成為著名的。
雖然在西點軍校軍事學院
他b.r在美國內戰
C .在他當選總統，美國在戰爭Ⅱingworld
3。我的這篇文章，「關照」「」。
A .密切在帳篷離子（密切注意）B .不支付tentionto
看一眼D沒有什麼記住
（）4。你認為這是主要思想的secondpar讀？
許多人的美國總統有輯了（服從）在軍隊在他們上任。
B .只有那些不在學校努力工作但weregood在戰斗可以總統。
C .艾森豪威爾總統在開始第二世界水河
5。根據這篇文章，他沒有去上學？
A .林肯和華盛頓B神父anklin羅斯福taftd。尤利西斯螞蟻
2. 英語閱讀理解
62.people themselves
63.Because he thinks only conscious building forces play an important role in man.
64.They should be trained with a positive attitude.
65.B
66.A
3. 高三英語閱讀訓練資料
高三英語閱讀訓練資料
高考英語考試中閱讀部分佔的分數最高，因此大家要努力提高閱讀水平。下面我為大家搜索整理了高三英語閱讀訓練資料，希望對大家有所幫助。
閱讀理解1
Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world』s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. 「It is very clear,」 he told me. 「They were all Jews and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.」 As a result, every Jewish parent』s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.
Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. 「In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours,」 says Isaac Stern, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.
That』s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance（遺傳） plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.
53. Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ________.
A. it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C. they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
54. Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ________.
A. are highly motivated in the ecation of music
B. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C. encourage people to compete with each other
D. promise talented children high positions
55. Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?
A. a natural gift. B. extensive knowledge of music.
C. very early training. D. a prejudice-free society.
56. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Jewish Contribution to Music B. Training of Musicians in the World
C. Music and Society D. The Making of Music Prodigies
參考答案53～56 ABAD
C8 [2013·山東卷] C
You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain－sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. 「Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(傘篷)built into a street lamp，」 he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard－looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built－in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(感測器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安裝) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into proction, Belyaev says he recently introced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
66. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?
A. To predict a heavy rain.
B. To check the weather forecast.
C. To protect people from the rain.
D. To remind people to take an umbrella.
67．What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?
A. His creation was inspired by an experience.
B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.
C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.
D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.
68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?
A. motor→canopy→sensors
B. sensors→motor→canopy
C. motor→sensors→canopy
D. canopy→motor→sensors
69．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?
A. Its moving speed. B. Its appearance.
C. Its installation. D. Its safety.
70．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The designer will open a company to promote his proct.
B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate proction.
C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
【要點綜述】 這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹設計師Mikhail Belyaev設計的Lampbrella，它能給街道上的人們遮雨。雖然這一設計還沒有實施，但是Mikhail Belyaev卻對自己的設計很自信。
66．C 考查細節理解。從第一段的「But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella…」可知Mikhail Belyaev設計Lampbrella是為了給街道上的人們遮雨的'。
67．A 考查推理判斷。從Mikhail Belyaev 說的話「I was driving…and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.」可知，他的創意靈感來自他的一次生活體驗。故選A。
68．B 考查細節理解。從第三段的內容可找到答案，Lampbrella工作的過程是先通過感測器(sensors)，傳到發動機(motor)，再到傘篷(canopy)打開。故選B。
69．D 考查主旨大意。從本段的「so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians」和「Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians」可知該段是講Lampbrella的安全性。
70．C 考查推理判斷。從本段Mikhail Belyaev說的話看出他對自己的設計很自信。故選C。
閱讀理解2
I promised Michael I wouldn』t mention this until the season was over．Now l think it's time．
Early last season, I wrote a column about an art of kindness I had seen Jordan do to a disabled child outside the stadium．After it ran，I got a call from a man in the western suburbs．He said，「I read what you wrote about Jordan．but I thought I should tell you another thing I saw．」
Here it comes, I thought. It always does. Write something nice about a person, and people call you up to say that the person is not so nice.
A few weeks later Jordan and I were talking about something else before a game, and I brought up what the man had said. Was the man right? Had Jordan really been talking to those two boys in that poor and dirty neighborhood?
"Not two boys," Jordan said. "But four."
And he named them. He said four names. And what did they talk about?
"Everything,」 Jordan said. " Anything. I』ve asked to see their grades so that I can check to see if they're paying attention to their study. If it turns out that one or two of them may need teaching, I make sure they get it."
It's just one more part of Michael Jordan's life，one more thing that no one knows about, and one more thing Jordan does fight for. The NBA season is over now, and those boys have their memories. So do J! When the expert reviewers begin to turn against Jordan as they surely will, I'll think about those boys under the streetlight, waiting for the man they know to come. For someone they can depend on.
57. The writer wrote this story about Jordan and his young friends because _______
A. he thought highly of Jordan's deeds
B. he hated to see Jordan do something bad
C. he believed it was time to help the disabled
D. he felt sure he needn't keep the promise then
58. A man in the western suburbs made a call to_______
A. know why Jordan stopped in a bad area
B. get a chance to become famous himself
C. let the writer know Jordan was not that nice
D. offer an example to show how Jordan helped others
59. Jordan talked with the boys because he _______.
A. needed their support
B. had promised to do so
C. liked to teach them to play basketball
D. wanted to make sure they all studied well
60. The text implies that Jordan is _______.
A. an excellent basketball player
B. good at dealing with problems of life
C. always ready to make friends with young people
D. willing to do whatever he can for the good of society
參考答案 57～60 ACDD
閱讀理解-------（A）
To Chinese immigrants, in the mid-1800s, California was 「The Land of the Golden Mountain.」 In their homeland they had heard the words, 「There』s gold in California.」 They sailed 7,000 miles to join the gold rush and strike it rich. Between 1849 and 1882, more than 30,000 Chinese came to California. Most were men. They had been farmers in China. They came here to be miners and laborers. They ended up doing many other jobs, too.
Like many other immigrants, they did not plan to stay in America. They came because of their ties to their homeland and their families. They planned to return to China with their fortunes and help their families.
Only a few Chinese gold miners struck it rich. Most picked over the areas that had been mined already. But still, white miners resented the Chinese. Slowly, they drove the 「yellow peril」 from the mining camps.
By the end of the 1850s, many Chinese returned home. Those who stayed found other jobs.
Few women had come west in the gold rush. The Chinese saw a good business opportunity. They began doing the jobs women would have done. Many became house servants. Many more opened laundries.
The Chinese opened restaurants. Chop suey and show mein are popular Chinese-American dishes. The Chinese probably created these dishes to serve to the white miners.
Other Chinese became fishermen, farmers, and even cigar makers.
41. Why did Chinese go to America in the mid-1800s?
A. Because they could find good jobs there.
B. Because they had found gold there.
C. Because they could open laundries and restaurants there.
D. Because they heard there was gold there.
42. The underlined word 「resented」 mean 「________」.
A. liked B. helped C. hated D. served
43. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Some Chinese became drivers.
B. Many Chinese opened shops to help wash clothes.
C. Many Chinese picked gold around the old mines.
D. Many Chinese returned to China by the end of the 1850s.
44. Which should be the title of the passage?
A. Early Chinese immigrants in America
B. Dream to strike it rich
C. The difference between men and women
D. Gold miners in America
參考答案41---44DCAA
C8 [2013·四川卷] E
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮)and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：「Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.」
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，「The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.」
To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
「We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain 『speak』 to each other to change our feelings and rece fear，」 Dr Garfinkel said.
「We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.」
47．What is the finding of the study?
A. One's heart affects how he feels fear.
B. Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C. Fear has something to do with one's health.
D. One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
48．The study was carried out by analyzing ________.
A. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart－brain communication
49．Which of the following is closest in meaning to 「mechanism」 in Paragraph 6?
A. Order. B. System.
C. Machine. D. Treatment.
50．This study may contribute to ________．
A. treating anxiety and stress better
B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C. finding the key to the heart－brain communication
D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
【要點綜述】 本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了人的恐懼與心臟和大腦的關系。
47．A 細節理解題。根據第四段 「The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.」 可知一個人的心臟影響一個人的恐懼程度。故選A。
48．C 細節理解題。根據第四段「The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.」以及第五段「To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.」可知選C。
49．B 詞義猜測題。根據第六段「We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain 『speak』 to each other to change our feelings and rece fear」可知，我們已經發現了一個重要的機制，使心臟和大腦「對話」，以此來改變我們的感情和減少恐懼。故選B。
50．A 推理判斷題。根據最後一段「…we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.」可推出選A。
;4. 急求！！！2012西城英語一模閱讀D篇翻譯
You Are What You Eat
食物影響你的身（你是你所吃進去的）
Genetic（基因的）engineering is the scientific change of the genetic material in a
living organism．It allows scientists to identify specific genes, to remove them from
an organism's chromosomes （染色體）, improve them, analyze them, and possibly clone them, and to then reinsert the changed gene into the original organism, or a completely different organism．Unlike traditional breeding （繁殖）, where a desired quality would be bred within the same species, genetic engineering can insert desired ones into organisms of different species．Wow…Did you catch that?
基因工程一個研究生物體內遺傳物質的變化的學科。它使科學家們能夠定義具體的基因，並通過移動生物體內染色體上的基因來提升和分析這些生物，甚至可能克隆它們。之後，科學家們會重新把提取出的已經改變了的基因注射回原來的生物體內，或者注射到完全不同的一個個體中。不像傳統的繁殖需要通過繁衍同一個高質量的物種，基因工程可以導入基因到不同的物種里。哇。。。你跟上了嗎？
Genetic engineering creates many positive contributions to agriculture．For example, by genetically engineered（GE）foods, anti-cancer agents, minerals and vitamins can be increased．Improved taste, shelf life, and better transport are all possible．Also, GE plants can increase pest and bacterial resistance, therefore, making the food safe for consumers．
基因工程對農業做出了很多好的貢獻。比如說，通過傳基因技術的食物在抗癌物質，礦物質和維他命方面都有提高。口感，在超市的貨價擺放時間以及運輸上都有更高的提升空間。另外，轉基因植物的抗害蟲和細菌的能力都有曾強，所以可以提供出更加完全的食物。
The public is also concerned about the unknown health risks．With limited understanding of genes, scientists cannot predict possible effects．Because most genes introced into GE plants come from sources not introced into the human
body, it is impossible to know if they will cause reactions．Moreover, e to the lack of labeling if allergies develop, it will be extremely difficult to find the origin of them．
同時，公眾也會擔心這些轉基因食物所帶來的未知的風險。由於對於基因理解的局限性，科學家們也不能預測出可能的影響。因為大多數用於轉基因植物的基因的來源並沒有人類採用過，所以也不能知道人在攝取轉基因食物後體內會有什麼反應。另外，由於缺乏在商品上對過敏的標識，很能判斷出在人的體內的不良反應的准確來源（也有可能是由過敏導致的）。
There is also a major moral question in many minds．For many, the conflict is not if it is safe or not, but it disturbs them because it is unnatural and unnecessary．We are currently procing one and a half times the amount of food needed to feed the
world, yet one in seven people are starving．GE food is unnecessary, and fails to address the root of hunger．Many believe that the only people who will benefit are the corporations that proce it．
很多人也會把轉基因食物的問題引伸到道德上的問題。對於很多人來說，他們擔心的不是安全性而是轉基因食物的非自然和非必要性。我們人類目前產出的食物是世界所需總量的1.5倍，但是還是有很多地區的人面臨著飢荒。轉基因食物不是必需的，而已無法根治飢荒。很多人相信只有生產這些作物的集團公司可以從中獲益。
Scientists cannot foresee the possible effects of GE foods, yet we eat them every day without even knowing it．We already have enough food, so why create more that
could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not worth the risk．
科學家不能預測轉基因食物對人類社會所帶來的影響，但是我們卻不知道我們現在每天就在吃這些轉基因食物。 我們已經有足夠的食物，所以如果再繼續生產食物會不會對我們，對地球，對野生動物產生潛在的危害？我（筆者）認為轉基因食物所帶來的利益是不可想像的，但是我們不值得嘗試這些食物的潛在風險知道我們可以確定它們會給我們帶來什麼影響。
求採納！
5. 求很多初中英語閱讀文章譯文
（一）Tom was an eight-year-old boy.He come to a new town with his parents.His family was very rich(富有的).They lived in a big,beautiful house with a big garden.They had a driver,a cook,a gardener(園丁) anda lot of servants(傭人).
Tom was going to a new school.On the first day his mother said to him,「Tom,be modest(謙虛) at school.Don't say we are rich.」
Tom said,「All right,Mom.」
Then Tom went to his new school and met his new teacher and new classmates.And he sat down with the other children in his class.The teacher said,「Good morning,boys and girls.This is Tom,your new classmate.Now let him introce himself to you.」
Tom stood up and said,「My name is Tom.My family is poor(窮).My father is very poor.The gardener is very poor.The cook is very poor.And all the other servants are very poor.So I am very poor,too``` 」
湯母是個8歲的男孩,他和他的父母去了一個新城市.他爸爸非常有錢.他們居住在一個又大又漂亮,有一個花園的房子里.他們有一個司機,一個廚師,一個園丁和許多傭人.
湯母將去一個新學校.第一天,他媽媽對他說:"湯母,在學校謙虛點,別說我們很富有!"
湯母說:"好的,媽媽!"
然後湯母去了他的新學校,見了他的新老師和新同學.他坐到了班裡另一些同學旁邊了.老師說:"早上好,男孩女孩們,這是我們的新同學:"湯母,現在,讓他介紹下他自己!"
湯母站起來說:"我叫湯母,我家裡很窮,我爸爸非常窮,園丁非常窮,廚師也非常窮,所有的傭人都非常窮,所以我也非常窮...... （二）I think both of the boys and girls can cry.
cry is not a reflect of weakness,it's just an approach of expressing one's emotions.
Man who lost his lover will cry,solders who see the moving stories ring they rescue the victims in Sichuan will cry ,too.there is a phrase in the movie"arrogant and prejudice"like"when the time comes i want to cry,i will look up and watch the stars in the sky,so that the tears won't run off."
so ,everyone will cry,it's just noone want others to know,there's nothing about that a true man won't cry at all. 我認為男孩和女孩都可以哭。
哭不是一種軟弱的表現，它只是一種情緒的表達方法
失去親人的男人會哭，當去四川地震救援的士兵看到災難中的感動，他們也會哭。
影片《傲慢與偏見》中有一句台詞；「每當想要流淚的時候，我就會抬起頭來看星星，這樣眼淚就不會流下來了。」
所以，每個人都會哭，只是不是每個人都願意讓它被別人知曉罷了，並沒有所謂的男兒不掉淚
6. 高三英語閱讀 急急急！
Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world』s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. 「It is very clear,」 he told me. 「They were all Jews and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.」 As a result, every Jewish parent』s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.
Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. 「In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours,」 says Isaac Stern, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.
That』s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance（遺傳） plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.
53. Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ________.
A. it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C. they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
54. Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage re
2019年6月大學英語四級閱配殲讀理解培猛沖訓練：夢
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byprocts of the neural repair work that goes on ring sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."
he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated ring the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
知脊And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.By saying that 「dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.we can think logically in the dreams too
B.dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.One』s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.People having negative feelings dream more often.
3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A.control what dreams to dream
B.sleep well without any dreams
C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams
4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.learn to control his dreams
B.consult a doctor
C.sleep and dream on it
D.get rid of anxiety first
5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.a good practice
B.a new discovery
C.helpful for everyone
D.not essential for everyone
參考答案及解析
1.[D] 詞義理解題。在第1段第4句中，逗號後面的regulating moods是對emotional thermostat的功能進行解釋說明，因此可以推斷出選項D正確。
2.[C] 事實細節題。最具干擾的是選項A，因為其陳述與第2段第2句的陳述有點相似,但是，此長句說的是大多數人上半夜做噩夢，之後都會做好夢，而不是像選項A中所說大多數噩夢之後是好夢。而且，根據本段第1 句，很明顯，選項C是這一句的近義替換。
3 [C] 推理判斷題。本題考査對代詞的理解。在第3段的最後一句中，代詞it應指上文說到的控制噩夢，及時醒來等做法，因此只有選項C涉及了其中一個做法。選項A太泛了，選項B和D在文中並無提及。
4.[B] 事實細節題。本題考查根據構詞法猜測詞義的能力。解題關鍵是推斷最後一段第3句中therapist的意義，在考綱詞彙表中，therapy是「治療」的意思，因此，therapist應該是專門負責某種治療的醫生，由此可見，選項B是對原文seek help from a therapist的近義替換。
5.[D] 觀點態度題。根據最後一句可以推斷作者認為如無必要，夢還是不要控制的好。做夢會讓你早上感覺舒服一些，因此本題應選D。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：機器人跳舞
The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless.
There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp.'s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003.
These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(輔助馬達).
QRIO's predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知覺)behind those glass eyes.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage?
A.New Entertainment Robots Proced in Japan.
B.QRIO the Robot Dancers.
C.Robots Man's Best Friend.
D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sony's Lab.
2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______.
A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance
B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new proct
C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots
D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp.
3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The vividness of their motion.
B.Their pleasant appearance.
C.Their smart designing principles.
D.Their communicative ability.
4.The Sony Dream Robot was___
A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking
C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp
D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp
5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____
A.a charge-coupled device
B.two cameras
C.two contacts sensors
D.a digital detector
參考答案及解析
1.[A] 主旨大意題。標題需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主題。本文先是描述「舞蹈演員」，然後揭曉這是些「機器人」(第2段第1句)，接著對Sony公司的一些機器人產品進行詳細介紹。選項A比較全面地概括了文章內容。選項B、D只是涉及細節，不能全面地概括本文的內容。而C又過於籠統，不具有針對性。
2.[C] 事實細節題。選項C符合第2段最後一句「He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...」。仔細閱讀有關的細節信息會發現,第1段第3句可幫助否定選項A。第1段最後兩句可幫助否定選項B。另外，根據第2段倒數第2句可否定選項D。
3.[D] 事實細節題。全文分四段，分別討論機器人三方面的特點：第1段和第2段描述機器人舞蹈演員栩栩如生的表演，即選項A;第3段描寫它們的外表，即選項B;第4段介紹它們巧妙的設計，即選項C;只有選項D是沒有提到的，故為答案。
4.[A] 推理判斷題。該句中的分詞結構「starting with...」表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一個人形娛樂機器人，因此選項A正確。文章在最後一段的第1句提到兩種能說話、跳舞的機器人，但沒有提到SDR是否和它們一樣，由此可否定選項B。在第3段討論機器人大小的時候也沒有提到SDR體型最大，因此選項C不正確。選項D在文中沒有討論到。
5.[B] 事實細節題。該句中「two…cameras to...」的結構表明這兩個攝像頭可以用於定位，所以選項B正確。選項A在該句中也有提到，但它只是攝像機的工作機制，而不是用於定位的裝置。選項C在下一句提到，但與題干提到的定位功能無關。選項D在文中並未提及。
2019年6月大學英語四級閱讀理解訓練：決定嬰兒性別
Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口欄). In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.
The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子宮)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. "It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says. "I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. "If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproctive-law professor John Robertson, "that's not gender bias at all."
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.
A.in the same way how the cattle are herded
B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other
C.after they pass through a laser tube
D.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time
2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.
A.the father's DNA
B.the mother's DNA
C.the father's sperm
D.the mother's egg
3.According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______.
A.can help to prevent all genetic problems
B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts
C.was already realized five hundred years ago
D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases
4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____
A.girl sperm contains more genetic material
B.more mother want to have girl babies
C.girl sperm is healthier and more active
D.girl sperm is more easily purified
5.It can be concluded from the passage that author』s toward」sex selection」is____
A.negative
B.positive
C.neutral
D.favorable
參考答案及解析
1.[B] 推理判斷題。解答本題的關鍵在於推斷single file的意思。該句把精子通過試管的情形與牛群被趕入牲口圈的情形作對比，結合single一詞本身的意思，可以推斷single file是「一個接一個」的意思，只有選項B能表達這個意思，由此也可否定選項D。選項A最具干擾性，原句是把精子通過試管的情形比作牛群被趕人牲口圈的情形，而選項A說的是測定精子內DNA的方法與放牧的方法相同，顯然選項A只是引用了原文的某些詞語，但表達的意思與原文卻截然不同。
2.[C] 事實細節題。第1段第3句which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾的是the father's sperm，而不是插入語the mother』s egg,因此選項C正確。
3.[D] 推理判斷題。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遺傳的，即如選項D所述。第2段第1句同時表明選項A的說法是不全面的。選項B與第2段最後兩句正好相反。第1段前兩句說明選項C是錯誤的。
4.[A] 事實細節題。第1段倒數第2句中的由which引導的定語從句表明選項A的敘述正確。
5.[C] 觀點態度題。文章第2段中作者給出了一些反對者和贊成者的觀點，但是沒有加以評論，可以看出作者的態度是中立的，故選項C正確。
8. 八年級英語下冊期末試卷(3)
Another factor (因素) that may contribute to the good health of these people is t heir isolation. Most of them are kept off the modern world.
Inherited (遺傳的) factors also help. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. So good family genes (基因) may be one factor i n living longer.
Finally, although these three groups don』t eat exactly the same food, they eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese and milk. They never eat more food than body needs. w ww .xk b 1.com
33.Which of the following contributes to the good health of all these long-lived people?
A. Fresh air in the mountains.B. Hard physical work.
C. A big family.D. The same food.
34.What does the word 「isolation」 mean in Chinese?
A. 自我封閉B. 獨立C. 與世隔絕D. 淡泊
35.What would be the best title (標題) for the passage?
A. Good HealthB. The Old People in the Mountains
C. Long-lived PeopleD. The Secret of Long Life
第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題 共五大題 共50分)
四、完成句子(共5小題; 每小題2分，共10分)
根據所給中文意思完成句子，每空只填一個詞。
36. 他們正在聽、說、讀、寫這些語言技能上取得進步。
They』re with their language skills of
reading, writing, speaking and listening.
37. 昨晚我被一陣噪音吵醒。
I was____________ ___________ by a big noise.
38. 所有的信息都已從電腦中刪除。
All the information has been ___________ ___________ the computer.
39. 現在信息可以在互聯網乎廳上下載而不是在書里找。
Today information can be downloaded from the Internet
鋒頃粗found in books.
40. 他的新小說何時問世?
When is his new novel ____________ ___________?
五、補全對話(共5小題;每小題1分，共5分)
根據對話內容，在空白處填入適當的話語(話語可能是一個句子，也可能是一個短語或一個詞)，使對話意思銀鎮完整。
六、補全對話(本大題共5小題，每小題1分，共5分)
根據對話內容，在每小題的空白處填入適當的話語，使對話意思完整。
A: Hi, Ann! Where are you going?
B: Hi, Tim! (41) .I』ll post a letter to Bob.
A: Have you heard from him recently?[
B: Yes. I got a letter from him the day before yesterday.
A: (42) ?
B: Very well. He』s been traveling. He has been to France, Spain and Italy.
A: How lucky he is! (43) ?
B: He has gone to England.
A: (44) ?
B: Of course. He was born there. And his mother is from London.
A: Oh, I see. I hear London is very beautiful. And I』m going there on holiday with my family.
B: Really? (45) .
A: Thank you.
六、任務型閱讀(本大題共5小題，每小題1分，共5分)
閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容，完成表格中所缺的信息。
Many students eat their breakfasts on the way to school or in the dining-room. But some of them don』t really know how to eat well when eating out. Here is some important advice.[來源:21世紀教育網]
The first is to eat less fast food. The harm of eating too much fast food is getting weight because fast food, such as French fries and other deep fried food, contains(包含) too much fat. Too much fast food is bad for your body. So don』t eat it too often.
Soda is another thing you should pay attention to. Both cokes and sodas contain a lot of sugar and they can slow down a person』s calcium absorption(鈣的吸收), so it』s best to drink as little soda or coke as possible.
Food in the dining-room may not be as tasty as fast food, but it』s actually easier to make healthy choices. Human bodies need all kinds of food. You can have a dinner that contains proteins(蛋白質), vitamins and complex carbohydrates(碳水化合物). In othe r words, a meal with fish or meat, vegetables and so me bread or rice will provide you with most nutrients that the body needs.
46. ______ on Breakfast
AdviceFoodContents(成分)Kind
Eat less fast foodFrench fries and other deep fried foodToo much
47. ______Unhealthy food
Drink as 48._____ soda or coke as possible. Sodas and cokesLots of 49. Un healt hy food
Eat in dining-roomFish or meat, vegetables and some bread or rice Most nutrients50.______ food
七、綜合(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
根據短文內容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。
Many British peop le don』t think about clothes very much. They just like to be comfortable. When they go out to enjoy t___________(51), they can wear almost anything. At theatres, cinemas and concerts, they can p___________(52) on whatever they like from elegant(高雅的`) suits and dresses to jeans(牛仔褲) and sweaters. Anything goes, so long as(只要)they like.
9. 高考英語閱讀理解試題附答案
高考英語閱讀理解試題附答案
做英語閱讀理解題的時候不能只是做，還要學會分析和總結。為了幫助大家，我分享了一些閱讀理解試題，希望能對大家有所幫助!
高考英語閱讀理解試題【1】
Very few people were coming to eat at the White Rose Restaurant, and its owner did not know what to do. The price was reasonable and the food was of good quality, but nobody seemed to want to eat there.
Then he did something that changed all that, and in a few weeks his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends. Whenever a gentleman came in with a lady, a smiling waiter gave each of them a menu(菜單), The menu looked exactly the same on the outside, but there was an important difference inside. The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. while the menu that he gave to the lady supplied a much higher price! So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous(慷慨) than he really was.
41. Why didn’t people come to the White Rose Restaurant to eat at first?
A. Because the price was high.
B. Because the food was too cheap.
C. Because the food was not good.
D. The passage didn’t mention.
42. According to the passage we can conclude that the people who eat at this restaurant are mostly _______________.
A. poor old people B. rich young people
C. men with their girl friends D. parents with their children
43. The difference between the two kinds of menu lie in ______________.
A. the color B. the shape
C. the price D. the food
44. According to the passage we can infer that when men with their girl friends eat at this restaurant, the food was paid ___________________.
A. always by the ladies only
B. always by the men only
C. sometimes by the ladies
D. either by the men or by the ladies
45. According to the passage we can know that, generally speaking, ____________.
A. men are more generous than women
B. women are more generous than men
C. men like their lady friends to be generous.
D. women like their men friends to be generous
【答案與解析】 41—45 DCCBD
A篇：本文主要講述: 盡管 White Rose 餐館價錢合理，飯菜也好，但很少有人光顧，店主為此想出了一條妙計，從此餐館生意興隆。
41. D。推理判斷題。根據第一自然段可知原文沒有說人們為什麼不到餐館就餐，所以答案為D。
42. C。細節理解題。根據第二自然段第1句 …his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends 可知答案為 C。
43. C。細節理解題。根據第二自然段 The menu that the waiter gave to the man supplied the correct price for each dish and each bottle of wine. While…the lady supplied a much higher price 可知答案為 C。
44. B。推理判斷題。根據最後一句 So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous than he really was 可推斷出答案為B。
45. D。推理判斷題。根據原文可知侍者給男士的那個菜單價格合理，而給女士的那個菜單價格卻很高，但兩種菜單表面上看卻一樣，這樣女士就會認為她們的男友很大方，因此餐館的這種做法很受男士歡迎，由此可知女人們喜歡自己的男友大方。所以答案為 D。
高考英語閱讀理解試題【2】
When you look at yourself in the mirror, do you ever wonder why you look the way you do? Do you also wonder what biological processes were at work to shape your face, which is as indivial and unique as a fingerprint?
The answer is in a little piece of your DNA called a gene enhancer(增強片段),according to scientists at Berkeley Lab. These little pieces6 of DNA help switch on or boost the expression of specific genes, that control the development of the face and head before birth. What's interesting about these little influential bits of DNA is that a gene enhancer doesn't have to be found anywhere close to the genes and, in some cases, doesn't even have to be located on the same chromosome.
Of course, there are a number of hereditary(遺傳) factors which help determine appearance, for example, a child resembles a parent. The researchers, who outlined their findings in the journal Science, said the gene enhancer adjusts the genes to give your face its final unique look. Even with look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.
"Our results suggest that there are thousands of enhancers in the human genome that are involved in facial development," said Axel Visel, a geneticist with Berkeley Lab's Genomics Division, who led the research. "We don't know yet what all of these enhancers do, but we do know that they are out there and they are important for facial development."
Scientists have previously been able to identify some of the genetic faults that can cause birth defects, such as a cleft lip(兔唇), but haven't been able to fully understand what genetic factors are responsible for subtle differences in appearance.
26. The author put forward two questions at the beginning of the passage to ________.
A. expect readers to answer them
B. carry out a survey among readers
C. start a discussion among readers
D. draw readers attention to the topic
27. From Paragraph 3, we know that________.
A. identical twins look similar but not exactly the same
B. hereditary factors determine our appearance completely
C. a child resembles a parent because of afterbirth factors
D. the gene enhancer is something useless and unimportant
28. The underlined word "subtle" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to"___________".
A. not a little
C. not small B. not a bit D. not obvious
29. According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?
A. A cleft lip is a kind of birth defects which are caused by genetic faults.
B. Genetic faults can not be identified and fully understood with today's technology.
C. Gene enhancers have something to do with the facial development according to the research
D. The relation between genetic factors and subtle differences in appearance remains a mystery.
30. Which part of a website is the passage probably taken from?
A. Culture.
C. Science.
B. Opinion. D. Business.
【參考答案】26-30 DADBC
你照鏡子的時候，曾想過為什麼會是這個樣子嗎?你還想過什麼生物過程在起作用使你的臉像指紋一樣與眾不同嗎?
26. D。作者意圖題。通讀全文及第一段可知答案。27. A。細節理解題。從第三段最後兩句Even with identical twins, there are subtle differences in appearance. Identical twins Linda and Terry Jamison look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.可知答案。
28. D。詞義猜測題。從第三段最後一句Identical twins Linda and Terry Jamison look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.可知即便是十分相像的雙胞胎，外貌上也是有很細微的'差別的。
29. B。細節理解題。從最後一段的Scientists have previously been able to identify...but haven’t been able to fully understand...可知答案。
30. C。推理判斷題。該短文是科普文章，故要到網站的科學信息部分才能讀到。
高考英語閱讀理解試題【3】
Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口訣表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突擊學習) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future development.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown- ups
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember. 2. The author explains the law of overlearning by.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
4. What is the author’s opinion on cramming?
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C. It’s possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students’learning interest.
【參考答案】ADAB
;10. 求一篇英語四級閱讀理解題和答案 還要有解析
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Lecturing as a method of teaching is so frequently under attack today from ecational psychologists ꘒꐛ竝⪫鞽䟙櫨챷http://bulo.hjenglish.com/q/&;版權所有滬江網챷櫨䟙鞽⪫竝ꐛꘒand by students that some justification is needed to keep it. Critics believe that is
results in passive methods of learning which tend to be less effective than those which fully engage the learner. They also maintain that students have no opportunity to ask questions and must all receive the same content at the same pace, that they are exposed only to one teacher' s
interpretation of subject matter which will certainly be limited and that, anyway, few lectures rise above llness. Nevertheless, in a number of inquiries this pessimistic evaluation of lecturing as a
teaching method proves not to be general among students although they do fairly often comment
on poor lecturing techniques.
Students praise lectures which are clear 頏ឞ簁ꁽﲌ剅欉鴻http://bulo.hjenglish.com/menu.htm&;版權所有滬江網鴻欉剅ﲌꁽ簁ឞ頏and orderly outlines in which basic principles are
emphasised but dislike too numberous digressions(離題) or lectures which consist in part of the
contents of a textbook. Students of science subjects consider that a lecture is a good way to in-
trace a new subject, putting it in its value as a period of discussion of problems and possible
solutions with their lecturer. They do not look for inspiration(靈感) -this is more commenly
mentioned by teachers - but arts students look for originality in lectures. Medical and dental
students who have reports on teaching methods, or specifically on lecturing, suggest that there
should be fewer lectures or that, at the least, more would be unpopular.
21. The passage states that
A) few students dislike lecturing as a teaching method
B) lecturing is a good method of teaching
C) lecturing as a teaching method proves to be uninspiring
D) most students like lectures because they can fully engage the learner
22. According to the critics,
A) lectures can't make students active in their studies
B) some lecturers' knowledge of their subjects limited
C) most lectures are similar in content
D) few lectures are ll
23. According to this passage, students dislike lectures which
A) introce mat la[ not included in the texbook
B) present many problems for discussion
C) always w츥췙�ﱯ嚖藵鿿勐http://www.hjbbs.com/&;版權所有滬江網勐鿿藵嚖ﱯ�췙츥ander from the subject
D) stress the main points
24. Lecturing as a teaching method is less appreciated by
A) dental teachers B) medical students
C) arts lecturers D) science learners
25. According to the author, the evaluation of lecturing as a teaching method by ecational
psychologists is
A) defonsive B) conservative C) realistic D) negative
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions. It has to decide which of
the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided when to attack and when to run
away. The animal is, in effect, playing a complicated 譱숵蛐∹䙁뽥獓㷵滬江四六級歡迎您!&;版權所有滬江網㷵獓뽥䙁∹蛐숵譱and potentially very dangerous game with
its environment, discomfort or destruction.
This is a difficult and unpleasant business and few animals would survive if they had to
start from the beginning 덐䵘詉嗝ﲀ鴴恥職http://bulo.hjenglish.com/group.htm&;版權所有滬江網職恥鴴ﲀ嗝詉䵘덐and learn about the world wholly by trial and error, for there are the
have possible decisions which would prove fatal. So we find, in practice, that the game is always
arranged in favour of the young animal in one way or another. Either the animal is protected
ring the early stages of its learning about the world around it, or the knowledge of which way
to respond is built into its nervous system from the start.
The fact that animals behave sensibly can be attributed partly to what we might call
genetic(遺傳的) learning, to distinguish it from the indivial learning that an animal does in the
course of its own life time. Genetic learning is learning by a species as a whole, and it is achieved
by selection of those members of each generation that happen to behave in the right way. How-
ever, genetic learning depends upon a prediction that the future will more or less exactly resemble
the past. The more variable indivial experience is likely to be, the less efficient is genetic
learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. It is not surprising to find
that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning. In the great majority of animals, behaviour is a compound of indivial experience 훟䳀�ꂫ륏�㭽http://bulo.hjenglish.com/goal.htm&;版權所有滬江網㭽�륏ꂫ�䳀훟and genetic learning to behave in particular
ways.
26. According to the first paragraph, the survival game is considered potentially very dangerous
because
A) animals are constantly threatened by attacks
B) wrong decisions will lead to the disappearance of a species
C) decisions made by an animal may turn out to be fatal
D) few animals can survive in their struggle with the environment
27. It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that most animals
A) are likely to make wrong decisions
B) have made correct decisions for their survival
C) depend entirely on their parents in learning about the world around them
D) survive by means of indivial learning
28. Genetic learning is effective only if
A) the survival game is arranged in favour of the young animals
B) the animals can adapt themselves to the changing surroundings
C) circumstances remain more or less the same
D) the animals have varied indivial experiences
29. The best TITLE for this passage would be
A) The Decision - Making Ability of Animals
B) Survival and Environment
C) Reward and Penalty for Animals
D) Behaviour 낵㻰畼ᘤ쯜