英語閱讀理解猴子比賽

① 幫忙解答一片英語閱讀理解

一隻聰明的猴子和一隻年老的老虎住在森林裡。他不想去尋找食物了。他經常告訴其他動物給他帶吃的東西。他看到一隻猴子說，「我餓了，猴子。去村裡給我一個胖豬。」「哦，老虎，猴子說：「。「我現在做不到。那裡有另外一隻老虎。他還想要一個胖豬。他不讓我幫你吃啥也。我怕他。」「什麼？「哭泣的老虎。「給我那隻老虎。我會和他談談。」「隨我來，」猴子說。猴子和老虎來到一條河上的橋上。「現在看下面的水，」猴子說。「你看，白色的牙齒和大型的綠色眼睛的老虎嗎？「是的，我做，老虎吼道，「我要吃他了！」說完這些話，老虎跳進river1。老虎也經常做什麼？2。什麼是老虎嗎？3。在森林裡有一隻老虎嗎？4。什麼老虎做當他看到老虎的河流？5。你覺得這只猴子嗎？
雙語對照

② 中學時學過一篇猴子和鱷魚的英語課文，其中一句「use your head then you will find your way」,誰記得全

是的，這是初中時的一篇課文，我印象特深，因為上學時背得很熟，還表演過。當時學的時候教材還是那種32開本的，這篇課文長，是分兩課學完的。終於找到了，希望對你有幫助。
The Monkey And The Crocodile
One day a little monkey was playing in a tall tree by the river .A crocodile was swimming slowly near the bank with her baby .She looked around for some food .Suddenly she saw the monkey. 「Aha ,there』s my meal ,」she thought .She then turned to her son , 「Do you love me ,Son?

「Why ,of course ,Mum !」 the baby crocodile said . 「well then ,you catch that monkey and give me his heart to eat .」 「But how can I?」 the baby crocodile asked,

「Monkeys can』t swim , and I can』t climb trees.」

「You needn』t climb the tree.」 His mother said. 「Use your head , then you』ll find a way.」

The baby crocodile thought hard. Then he had an idea. He swam near the tree and shouted, 「Hey, Monkey! Would you like some bananas?」

「Bananas! Mm! I love them,」 said the monkey 「But where are they?」

「On the other side of the river. There are some banana trees there, and they have lots of bananas on them. I』ll take you there on my back.」

「Good,」 the monkey came down and jumped onto the crocodile』s back.

Soon they were in the middle of the river .Suddenly the crocodile went down under the water .When he came up again ,the monkey was all wet . 「Don』t do that !」 the monkey cried . 「Don』t do that again ! I can』t swim ,you know .」 「I know ,but I have to ,」answered the crocodile . 「My mother wants to eat your heart.」 The little monkey was clever . 「Why didn』t you tell me earlier ?」he asked . 「My heart isn』t here with me .I left it in that tree over there .」

「Then we』ll have to go back for it .Mother doesn』t want you without your heart .」The crocodile turned and swam back to the bank .

Soon they reached the bank .The monkey jumped off the crocodile at once , picked up a big stone and quickly climbed up the tree .The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again .He waited and waited .As he was waiting ,he suddenly heard a voice from above : 「Hey ,Crocodile !」 The crocodile looked up .The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing . 「Here』s my heart .Come up and get it .Don』t keep your mother waiting ...You can』t come up ? Well ,catch!」

With these words ,he threw the big stone at the crocodile .

③ 05——07年考研英語閱讀及譯文

回答字數在10000字以內，所以就放了2005年希望對你有用。

2005 Passage 1

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of 「goods and services」 than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to rece resentment in a female capuchin.

The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21. In the opening paragraph, the author introces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.

22. The statement 「it is all too monkey」 (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions

24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taught to exchange things.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

重點詞彙：

assumption  （假定；承擔；呈現）是assume的名詞形式；見1997年Text 2。.參consumption，2002年Text 3。assumption — the mother of screw-up 臆斷——把事情弄糟的根源。underlying assumption 潛在的假定。
grievance /n.委屈冤情不平。申訴人提出不滿意見交付仲裁者。悲痛傷心事不幸憂傷。因為有冤情（）而滿懷悲痛（）向申訴人申訴。

tardily  adv.緩慢。形容詞形式拖拉的。（諧音記憶：他地，工作是他的，所以我可以拖拉）

counterpart （相似或對應的人或物）即counter+part，counter-前綴「對等」，part部分，「對等的部分」。見2000年 Passage 4 。
token  n. 表示, 向征, 記號, 代幣 adj. 象徵的, 表意的。Tears are queer tokens of happiness. 眼淚是快樂的一種奇怪的表示。
reluctant  （不願的，勉強的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作「反復」，luct可看作詞根lect「選擇」，-ant形容詞後綴，人們都不願反反復復地作選擇，所以「反復選擇」→不願的。Suggestion systems can work — don't be reluctant to use them.建議制度是有效的——不要不願使用它們。
indignation  n. 憤慨, 義憤。 記憶：in-dig挖（坑）-nation，挖坑藏在裡面的民族，能不憤慨嗎？比如老薩，呵呵。形容詞形式 indignant  adj. 憤怒的, 憤慨的

難句分析：
①Such behaviour is regarded as 「all too human」, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
前一分句是句子的主句，其中使用了短語regard…as…的被動形式；with加名詞作狀語，即「帶有潛在的假定」，其中assumption後接有that引導的同位語從句解釋說明假定的內容。
翻譯：這種行為被看作是「人之長情」，他潛在的假定就是其他動物不可能有這種高度發達的不公平意識。
②when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
該句子的主句是their behaviour became markedly different.前面是when引導的時間狀語從句，其中包含了so that引導的目的狀語從句。
翻譯：當兩個猴子被安置在隔開但相鄰的兩個房間里，能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什麼東西時，猴子的行為就會變的明顯不同。

試題解析：
這篇文章是講猴子有一種天然的公平意識，文章本身難度不是太大，一開始做了一個類比，講人的公平意識。然後根據這個類比，文章重點談猴子們的公平意識。這篇對比性的文章兩個方面要理解，第一，人類和猴子之間都有一種近似的表現，當受到不公正待遇的時候，都有義憤填膺的感覺，如果把握這個邏輯，就是類比的邏輯。第二, 最後兩段關於選擇的實驗的對象以及實驗的結果。

21題，我們應該選擇C，考察第一段的寫作手法，明顯用的是猴和人之間的相似形的比較關系。
22題答案是B，也是在把猴子和人做類比，指出猴子與人一樣都抱怨不公平
23題答案選A，這個是事實細節題，答案是根據文章第三段第一句話得到的，雌性的猴子被選擇做研究，是因為她們更加註重她們獲得的東西。
24題答案選擇C，他們最終的發現是什麼，篇章最後兩段反復重復，如果沒有受到公平的話，
25題選擇B.這篇文章第一段和最後一段都出現一個詞，"假設"為什麼猴和人都有這種心理反應，這個問題沒有得以解決。

全文翻譯：
人人都喜歡大幅加薪，但是當你知道一個同事薪水加得比你還要多的時候，那麼加薪帶給你的喜悅感就消失的無影無蹤了。如果他還以懶散出名的話，你甚至會變得怒不可遏。這種行為被看作是「人之長情」，其潛在的假定其他動物不可能具有如此高度發達的不公平意識。但是由喬治亞州亞特蘭大埃里莫大學的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal進行的一項研究表明，它也是「猴之常情」。這項研究成果剛剛發表在《自然》雜志上。

研究者們對雌性棕色卷尾猴的行為進行了研究。它們看起來很可愛，性格溫順，合作，樂於分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人們一樣，它們往往比雄性更關注「商品和服務」價值。這些特性使它們成為Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究對象。研究者們花了兩年的時間教這些猴子用代幣換取食物。正常情況下，猴子很願意用幾塊石頭換幾片黃瓜。但是，當兩個猴子被安置在隔開但相鄰的兩個房間里，能夠互相看見對方用石頭換回來什麼東西時，猴子的行為就會變的明顯不同。

在卷尾猴的世界裡，葡萄是奢侈品（比黃瓜受歡迎得多）。所以當一隻猴子用一個代幣換回一顆葡萄時，第二隻猴子就不願意用自己的代幣換回一片黃瓜。如果一隻猴子根本無需用代幣就能夠得到一顆葡萄的話，那麼另外一隻就會將代幣擲向研究人員或者扔出房間外，或者拒絕接受那片黃瓜。事實上，只要在另一房間里出現了葡萄（不管有沒有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。

研究人員指出，正如人類一樣，卷尾猴也受社會情感的影響。在野外，它們是相互合作的群居動物。只有當每隻猴子感到自己沒有受到欺騙時，這種合作才可能穩定。不公平而引起的憤怒感似乎不是人類的專利。拒絕接受較少的酬勞可以讓這些情緒准確無誤地傳達給其它成員。但是這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上各自獨立演化而成，還是來自三千五百萬前他們共同的祖先，這還是一個懸而未決的問題。

2005 Passage 2

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report 「Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.」
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of 「paralysis by analysis」.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private instry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A]. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C]. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
[D]. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A]. a protector.
[B]. a judge.
[C]. a critic.
[D]. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by 「paralysis by analysis」 (Last line, paragraph 4)
[A]. Endless studies kill action.
[B]. Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C]. prudent planning hinders.
[D]. Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
[A]. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B]. Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C]. Press for further scientific research.
[D]. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A]. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B]. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C]. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D]. both of them have turned from bad to worse.

重點詞彙：
prudent adj. 謹慎的。It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out. 在寒冷的天氣下外出時帶上件厚外套是謹慎的。名詞形式prudence n. 審慎。記憶：rude 粗魯的，無禮的，p不-rude粗魯的-ent形容詞後綴
paralysis n. 癱瘓, 麻痹。 para-側面。參見2003年Text 2。
paraphrase  （n.v.釋意）即para+phrase，para-前綴表「在旁邊、輔助」，phrase即「短語；用短語表達」，故「用短語輔助表達」→釋意。以para-為前綴的單詞還有paragraph（文章的段、節；短評）←para+graph寫；parameter（參數）←para+meter計量；parasite（寄生蟲）←para+site地點。
analysis  n. 分析, 分解。記憶：an-a-lysis，後綴同上，分析成一個an,a。聯想：反義詞synthesis n. 綜合, 合成

take the legislative initiative
take the initiative 帶頭,開始著手 took the initiative in trying to solve the problem.開始著手試圖解決這個問題
initiative  n. 主動。 名詞形式initiate vt. 開始, 發動, 傳授 v. 開始, 發起
legislative  adj. 立法的, 立法機關的 n. 立法機關。參見1999 Passage 4 。legislation  （立法；法規）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg詞根「法律」（參allegation宣稱，2003年Text 2），is是，late遲的，-ion名詞後綴，「法律是遲的」→舊法律難以適應新事物→所以要不斷「立法」→「立法」之產物即「法規」。

難句解析：
①The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
主幹部分是The latest was a panel，表語panel後接有兩個定語成分：from的介詞短語和含enlisted的過去分詞，即「白宮召集的、來自國家科學院的專家團」，其中第二個定語成分中又包含一個不定式結構，表目的，即「為了告訴我們……而召集的（專家團）」。
翻譯：最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學院的專家團，他們告訴我們，地球氣候毫無疑問正在變暖，而這個問題主要是人為造成的。
②But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.」
該句子的主幹是由and連接的兩個並列從句，前一分句的主幹是science…provide us with…guide；後一分句的主幹是it is critical，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句。從句的主幹是our nation and the world base…policies on…judgments，judgments後接有兩個定語結構，一是that引導的定語從句，一是concerning分詞結構。
翻譯：但是科學確實為我們的未來提供了最好的指導，關鍵是我們的國家和整個的世界在做重要決策時，應該以科學能夠提供的關於人類現在的行為對未來影響最好的判斷作為依據。
③Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。
該句子的主幹是voices now come from many quarters；句首Just as結構做比較狀語，意為「正如…一樣」；insisting 引導的分詞結構做定語修飾主語voice，分詞結構中含有兩個並列的由that引導的賓語從句，第二個賓語從句的真實主語是不定式結構to keep…
翻譯：就象吸煙問題一樣，來自不同領域的聲音堅持認為有關全球變暖的科學資料還不完整。
試題解析：
第二篇文章是一篇一般的時事性文章，這也是一篇類比，考完了以後很多考生說這篇文章講抽煙，其實不是的，作者講抽煙是想說明現在的溫室效應，也是一種類比，許多人抽煙沒有人去管，因為缺乏足夠的證據,咱們各國政府也不管溫室效應, 也是同樣的原因。中心講的是世界各個政府對溫室效應的解決的態度，篇章的關鍵詞圍繞這樣三個問題展開，第一個就是證據不充足。第二是科學的意義。第三是制定法律，尤其最後三段大量出現立法和法規的現象，
26題選C，
27應該選D，科學應該作為一個指導性，是答案是根據文章第2段的最後兩句話。
28題是猜單詞題，單詞所在的句子的意思是有些人總要科學證據，結果抹殺了行動。所以選A。29答案選擇D，採取某種法律措施，法律在最後的段落重復的最多。
30題作者談的抽煙的教訓對我們溫室處理也是一樣的，選B。
全文翻譯：
還記得科學家們認為吸煙會致人死亡，而那些懷疑者們卻堅持認為我們無法對此得出定論的時候嗎？還記得懷疑者們堅持認為缺乏決定性的證據，科學也不確定的時候嗎？還記得懷疑者們堅持認為反對吸煙的游說是為了毀掉我們的生活方式，而政府應該置身事外的時候嗎？許多美國人相信了這些胡言亂語，在三十多年中，差不多有一千萬煙民早早的進了墳墓。
現在出現了與吸煙類似的令人感到難過的事情。科學家們前仆後繼，試圖使我們意識到全球氣候變暖所帶來的日益嚴重的威脅。最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學院的專家團，他們告訴我們，地球氣候毫無疑問正在變暖，而這個問題主要是人為造成的。明確的信息表明是我們應該立刻著手保護自己。國家科學院院長Bruce Alberts在專家團報告的前言中加上了這一重要觀點：「科學解答不了所有問題。但是科學確實為我們的未來提供了最好的指導，關鍵是我們的國家和整個的世界在做重要決策時，應該以科學能夠提供的關於人類現在的行為對未來影響最好的判斷作為依據。
就象吸煙問題一樣，來自不同領域的聲音堅持認為有關全球變暖的科學資料還不完整。在我們證實這件事之前可以向大氣中不斷的排放氣體。這是一個危險的游戲；到了有百分之百的證據的時候，可能就太晚了。隨著風險越來越明顯，並且不斷增加，一個謹慎的民族現在應該准備一份保單了。
幸運的是，白宮開始關注這件事了。但是顯然大多數總統顧問並沒有認真看待全球氣候變暖這個問題。他們沒有出台行動計劃，相反只是繼續迫切要求進行更多的研究――這是一個經典的「分析導致麻痹案例」。
為了成為地球上有責任心的一員，我們必須積極

④ 一段英語閱讀看不懂，幫忙翻譯。

今天是禮拜天。天氣很好，太陽很大，天空很藍。現在是早上9點，在一座山上有個運動會專。看，一匹馬屬，一隻鹿，還有一隻貓在跑步，跑的很快。在另外一邊，一隻狗和兩只老虎在跳高，它們一個接著一個地跳。兩只猴子在爬樹。四隻鳥在邊飛邊唱，它們很高興能夠看這場比賽。當然，那裡還有很多動物在觀看。大象站在一個房子邊看，一隻猴子坐在一隻大象身上看，猴子手上有一面旗子。一隻狐狸，一個熊貓寶寶，還有一些小動物坐在樹下看。他們都對這個比賽很感興趣。

給我加分哦～很累的類～～嘻嘻

⑤ 高中英語閱讀理解解題小技巧

高中英語閱讀理解解題小技巧

高中英語閱讀理解正確的選項往往是命題人員把閱讀材料的內容或信息用不同的語言形式再現出來。下面我為你整理了高中英語閱讀理解解題小技巧，希望對您有所幫助!

1.閱讀理解答案與干擾項

一般而言，高中英語閱讀理解答案項的設置有以下幾種方法：

(1)選用原文中的詞句;

(2)使用原文詞句的同義詞或相似結構;

(3)使用原文詞句的反義詞或相反結構;

(4)答案項是對生詞、長句或難旬的解釋;

(5)答案項是對原文詞句或段落的歸納、推理或演繹;

(6)使用原文的上下義結構。

2.混淆思維

高中英語閱讀理解命題者把文章作者的觀點與他人的觀點混淆起來，題干問的是作者的觀點，選項中出現的卻是他人的觀點;或者題干問的是他人的`觀點，卻把作者的觀點放到高中英語閱讀理解選項中去。

3.偷梁換柱

高中英語閱讀理解干擾項用了與原文相似的句型結構和大部分相似的詞彙，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個英語詞彙，造成高中英語閱讀理解句意的改變。

4.無中生有

高中英語閱讀理解干擾項往往是生活的基本常識和普遍接受的觀點，但在原文中並無相關的信息支持點，這種高中英語閱讀理解選項的設置往往與問題的設問毫不相干。

5.以偏概全

考生在做高中英語閱讀理解時，往往會犯以偏概全的錯誤。產生這類錯誤的原因是考生受思維定勢的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。

不合理關聯就是表層理解與深層理解相混淆。表層理解是對文章中客觀事實的感知和記憶，往往是高中英語閱讀理解直接表述的結論;深層理解則是對文章中的客觀事實進行邏輯推理、總結或概括後得出的結論。

高中英語閱讀理解例題解析

Since the dawn of human ingenuity,people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plain nasty.That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction,they have begun to come close.

As a result,the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction.Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics,there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.

But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge.「While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,」says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA,「we can't yet give a robot enough『common sense』to reliably interact with a dynamic world.」

Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has proced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

What they found,in attempting to model thought,is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined.They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant,instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability,and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.

26.Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in人類的創造性最初表現在

[A]the use of machines to proce science fiction.用機器來創作科幻小說。

[B]the wide use of machines in manufacturing instry.製造業對機器的廣泛使用。

[C]the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.

發明工具以處理困難和危險的工作。

[D]the elite』s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.

精英人士對危險和枯燥的工作的巧妙的處理。

【答案】C

【考點】事實細節題。

【分析】通過「Human ingenuity」和「initially」可以定位到第一段開始。「從人類產生智慧初期至今，人們一直在設計越來越巧妙的工具來應付那些危險的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是骯臟的工作。」由於講的是人類最初的創造力，因此可以排除[A]、[B]、[D]。

27.The word「gizmos" (Line 1,Paragraph2)most probably means

單詞「gizmos」(第二段第一行)最有可能的意思是

[A]programs.程序。[B]experts.專家。

[C]devices.設備。[D]creatures.生物。

【答案】C

【考點】詞義題。

【分析】本題雖然考查的是詞義，但是顯然不是希望考生通過儲備更大的詞彙來回答，而是希望考生能夠利用文中出現的細節來推斷這個單詞的意思。第二段第一句的意思說「由此引起的結果是，現代世界已經充斥著越來越多的智能 ____ ，盡管我們幾乎都注意不到它們，但它們的普遍存在卻節省了許多人類勞力。」然後作者提及到了「工廠機械手」、「自動櫃員機」以及「機器人駕駛員」等等。由此我們可以認定這些設施都是對「gizmo」的例舉和解釋。而這幾樣東西具有一個共同的特徵，即它們都是「工具」。相比四個選項，只有[C]最合適。

28.According to the text,what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can

根據本文，現在超越人類能力范圍的是設計一種能________的機器人。

[A]fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.

完成諸如腦手術這樣的精細的工作。

[B]interact with human beings verbally.

與人類進行口頭交流。

[C]have a little common sense.

有一些常識。

[D]respond independently to a changing world.

對一個變化的世界獨立應付。

【答案】D

【考點】事實細節題。

【分析】根據「超越人類能力」這個關鍵信息，我們可以定位到第三段中「Dave Lavery」的第二句話，即「we can』t yet give a robot enough『common sense』to reliably interact with a dynamic world」。因為該句中的「dynamic」就是「動態的、變化的」意思，因此我們可以判定答案[D]是正確的。[A]文中已經提及。[B]的例子就是「自動櫃員機」。[C]可以在第三段最後一句「我們不能給他足夠的常識」中找到被排除的依據。

29.Besides recing human labor,robots can also

除了減少人類勞動，機器人還能夠

[A]make a few decisions for themselves.為自己做幾個決策。

[B]deal with some errors with human intervention.通過人類干預處理一些錯誤。

[C]improve factory environments.改善工廠環境。

[D]cultivate human creativity.培養人的創造性。

【答案】B

【考點】事實細節題。

【分析】本題要求考生尋找機器人還能夠從事什麼工作，這就需要對四個選項進行比較。尋找答案。[A]提到機器人能夠為自己做幾個決策，通過「decision」這個單詞可以定位到第三段第一句話「但是如果機器人要進入節省勞力的下一個階段，他們必須能夠在更少的人工監控下運行，並且至少能夠獨立地做一些決定」，這句話表明，目前機器人還不能獨立做一些決定。[B]的意思符合第三段第三句，「雖然我們知道如何讓機器人去糾正一個特定的錯誤」。至於[C]，文中提到機器人是受環境控制的，而不是反之。[D]的說法也反了。

30.The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are

作者使用猴子的例子，為的是說機器人

[A]expected to human brain in internal structure.

被期望復制人腦內部結構。

[B]able to perceive abnormalities immediately.

能夠立即覺察到不正常情況。

[C]far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.

在聚焦相關信息方面遠遠不如人類。

[D]best used in a controlled environment.

最適合在受控環境下使用。

【答案】C

【考點】作者意圖題。

【分析】作者最後一段提到「猴子」這個例子，是考查文章最後一段的理解。由於文章舉這個例子就是為了說明計算機雖然功能強大，但是仍然無法和人腦的復雜性相比，因為人腦看一眼迅速變化的場景就能夠迅速的排除不相乾的信息，立即把注意力集中到蜿蜒的森林小路邊的一隻猴子，這一點計算機是做不到的。因此，可以判斷[C]正確。