高考英語閱讀理解經濟類

⑴ 2018年高考英語全國Ⅰ卷 閱讀題C篇「經濟學人」

C

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (聯系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, instrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory ecation, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位數) of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?

A. They developed very fast.

B. They were large in number.

C. They had similar patterns.

D. They were closely connected.

29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？

A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？

A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.

31. What is the main idea of the text？

A. New languages will be created.

B. People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.

C. Human development results in fewer languages.

D. Geography determines language evolution.

(答案戳下方「閱讀原文 」 )

LearnAndRecord

2015年2月8日

2018年6月9日

第1218天

每天持續行動學外語

⑵ 高三英語閱讀理解題訓練及答案詳解

高考英語試題中閱讀理解佔40分，是試卷中所佔比例最大的一部分。考生們在復習高考英語科目時,可以多做一些試題,下面就是我給大家帶來的，希望大家喜歡！下面就是我給大家帶來的 高三英語 閱讀理解題訓練及答案詳解，希望大家喜歡！

第一篇：

Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.

All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.

The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.

In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full，lessening their desire to eat or drink.

The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.

Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber ckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.

In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became the

latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch』s effect on ocean environment.

51.How did the writer introce the topic of the passage?

A. By giving an example. B. By listing the facts.

C. By telling a story. D. By giving a comparison.

52.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic procts.

B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.

C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.

D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.

53.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.

B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.

C. Because it may be from an island in the pacific.

D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.

54.Which column can you find the passage on a newspaper?

A. Sports and entertainment. B. Media and culture.

C. Environment and society. D. Science and technology.

55.The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.

A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific

B. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific

C. give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean

D. introce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch

第二篇：

Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland's volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and Norway.

WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic(微小的) ash is potentially dangerous for people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled(吸入) particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.

Other experts, however, weren't convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on peoples' health and said WHO's warnings were "hysterical." They said volcanic ash was much less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance — like from the cloud currently hovering above Europe — its health effects are often minimal, experts say.

"Not all particles are created equal," said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, "In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all that harmful." And he said most Europeans' exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.

Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. "The cloud has already passed over northern Scotland and we haven't heard of any ill effects there," he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was "over the top" and "a bit hysterical."

60. The text is mainly about .

A. the effect of volcanic ash

B. the health risk of volcanic ash

C. the disadvantages of volcanic ash

D. the opinions on health risk of volcanic ash

61. Which one is true according to Paragraph3?

A. The volcanic ash』s effects on Europeans were little.

B. The ash caused irritation even in healthy people.

C. Other experts thought WTO』S warnings were useful.

D. The volcanic ash was more dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution.

62. The underlined word 「hysterical」 in Paragraph4 most probably means .

A. amazing B. practical C. valuable D. overstated

63. What can we learn from the passage?

A. The volcanic ash wouldn』t be harmful to people.

B. All experts thought the volcanic ash did great harm to our health.

C. People close to the volcano would likely be at risk according to some experts.

D. Europeans should stay indoors because Iceland's volcano starts settling.

第一篇：

51.D。推理判斷題。根據第一段」Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the state of Texas.Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers.So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.」可知，作者拿得克薩斯州與大量的垃圾漂浮物進行比較，所以選D項。

52.A。細節判斷題。根據第二段中的」The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic procts of all kinds.」可知，這些垃圾漂流物是塑料製品。

53.B。細節理解題。根據第五段中的」There is an increased threat of infection of

disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste.」可知受污染的塑料製品會通過食物鏈來影響人類。

54.C。推理判斷題。根據本文內容可知，這篇 文章 最有可能出現在報紙上」環境與社會」這個欄目里。

55.D。作者意圖題。本文通過介紹太平洋上漂浮的大量的塑料垃圾廢物的情況，指出了它們對海洋中的生物以及人類的影響，所以D項正確。

第二篇：

60.D. 主旨大意題。本文主要就火山灰對人的健康的危害問題世衛組織和其他專家給出不同觀點。A太籠統;B不能體現不同的觀點;C與文章內容無關;D符合題意。

61. A. 細節理解題。第三段最後一句可知A是正確的;由第三段中During a volcanic eruption……in healthy people.可知B錯誤;由第三段中Other experts, however, weren't convinced…… cigarette smoke or pollution可排除C D。

62. D. 詞義猜測題。由上文中volcanic ash is not all that harmful和下文中only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk可知D正確, 誇大的，言過其實的。

63.C. 由第三段 But once it falls from a greater distance….. effects are often minimal和第四段中 only those in the near vicinity of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk以及第五段中 the further the particles travel, the more diluted and less dangerous they will be可知C正確。ABD觀點表達絕對。

⑶ 2020年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解C

When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn』t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion enthusiast are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria.
當你想給環保人士的假日購物清單增加些什麼時，你可能不會想到皮毛。但是一些生態學家和時尚發燒友們正試圖恢復海狸鼠皮毛的市場。

Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. 「It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur – unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,」 says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
新奧爾良和布魯克林的不同尋常時裝秀展示了海狸鼠皮毛製成的不同風格的服裝。「談論沒有罪惡感的皮毛聽起來很瘋狂——除非你知道海狸鼠每年都在破壞大片濕地，」Righteous Fur（正義皮毛）項目總監克里·麥克里說。

Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
路易斯安那州的科學家非常擔心，他們決定付給獵人每尾5美元。一些皮毛最終出現在時裝秀上，比如上個月布魯克林的時裝秀。

Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. 「The ecosystem down there can』t handle this non-native species. It』s destroying the environment. It』s them or us,」 says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
海狸鼠是皮毛農場主從阿根廷帶到這里並放生的。「那裡的生態系統無法應對這種非本土物種，它正在破壞環境」，這一領域的專家邁克爾·馬西米說。

The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
幾十年來，皮毛貿易一直控制著海狸鼠數量，但是20世紀80年代末海狸鼠市場崩潰後，這些貓一樣大小的動物瘋狂繁殖。

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it』s not easy to convince people that people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton』s job these days is trying to promote fur.
生物學家埃德蒙·莫頓負責路易斯安那州的海狸鼠控制。他說要讓人們相信海狸鼠皮是綠色的並不容易，但他對此毫無疑問。獵人們每年帶來超過30萬條海狸鼠尾巴，所以莫頓現在的部分工作就是推廣皮毛。

Then there』s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,「To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them – I think that』s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.」 Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She』s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
還有Righteous Fur和它不同尋常的時尚。模特佩奇·摩根說，「給人們一個沒有罪惡感的選擇，讓他們可以穿著，而不用被人往身上潑油漆——我認為這將是一件大事，至少在紐約是這樣。」設計師詹妮弗·安德森承認，她花了一段時間才意識到，用海狸鼠皮製作作品在道德上是可以接受的。她正嘗試給海狸鼠時尚貼上環保標簽。

⑷ 2020年高考英語北京卷 - 閱讀理解D

Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
某些形式的AI （人工智慧）確實正變得無處不在。例如，金融市場上進行大量交易的演算法，出現在城市街道上的自動駕駛汽車，智能手機將一種語言翻譯成另一種語言。這些系統有時比我們人類更快、更敏銳。但到目前為止，這些只適用於系統所設計的特定任務，一些AI開發者正在期待改變。

Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of 「weak」 or 「narrow」 AI, to create 「strong」 or 「full」 AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (A GI). In some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of A GI, has an ambition to 「solve intelligence」. 「If we're successful,」 their mission statement reads, 「we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.」
當代一些AI先驅希望從今天的「弱」或「窄」的AI世界中走出來，創造「強」或「全」的AI，也就是通常所說的A GI（人工通用智能）。在某些方面，今天強大的計算機已經讓我們的大腦看起來很弱。A GI的支持者認為A GI可以24小時為我們工作，利用所有可用的數據，可以為許多問題提供解決方案。DM是一家專注於A GI開發的公司，有著「解決智能問題」的雄心。「如果我們成功了，」他們的任務聲明寫道，「我們相信這將是有史以來最重要、最廣泛有益的科學進步之一。」

Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest that 「the first ultra-intelligent machine" could be 「the last invention that man need ever make."
自AI誕生之初，想像力的發展速度已經超過了你的想像。1965年，一位富有想像力的數學家歐文·古德預言，最終將創造出一台「超智能機器……它將遠遠超過人類的所有智能活動，無論多麼聰明。」古德接著表示，「第一台超智能機器」可能是「人類需要創造的最後一項發明」。

Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression. Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
人們對於出現強大而又邪惡的人造智能機器的擔憂已經加劇，例如，瑪麗·雪萊的《弗蘭肯斯坦》科幻小說和《終結者》系列電影。但如果最終證明AI 是我們的垮台，它就不太可能掌握在這樣的人形形態手中，而這些形態具有明顯的人類動機，比如敵對行為。相反，我同意牛津大學哲學家尼克·博斯特羅姆的觀點，他認為，A GI帶來的最大風險不是來自於反對人類的決定，而是來自於不惜犧牲一切代價執著地追求既定目標。

The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.
真正的A GI的前景和危險都是巨大的，但是今天所有關於這些可能性的激動人心的討論都是以我們能夠建立這些系統為前提。而且，在與許多世界上最重要的AI研究人員交談後，我相信有充分的理由懷疑我們是否會很快看到A GI，如果有的話。

⑸ 2021年高考英語全國卷1 - 閱讀理解A

Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel. The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you』ll often get to stay in a central location with security and comfort.
對於旅行者來說，羅馬很貴，這就是許多人選擇住旅社的原因。羅馬的旅社單人間每晚25美元左右，因此，你通常可以住在安全舒適的市中心。

Yellow Hostel

If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It』s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It』s affordable, and it』s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it』s close to the main train station.
如果一定要讓我就羅馬的住宿做一個推薦的話，那就是Yellow Hostel。這是本市評級最好的旅社之一，這是有充分理由的。價格實惠，氣氛活躍又不太吵鬧。另外還有一好處，離火車總站很近。

Hostel Alessandro Palace

If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There』s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers ring the summer.
如果你喜歡社交型旅社，這就是羅馬最好的。Hostel Alessandro Palace
很有意思，工作人員為客人舉辦很多酒吧活動，比如免費拍照、泡吧和卡拉OK。屋頂上還有一片區域，夏天可以和其他旅行者一起閑逛。

Youth Station Hostel

If you』re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn』t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
如果你想找一家干凈而又現代化的旅社，沒有比Youth Station更好的了。它提供漂亮的傢具和床，另外：不收城市稅；房間里有空調和暖氣；每個房間都有免費Wi-Fi。

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it』s close to all of the city』s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes距離市中心車站僅10分鍾的步行路程，距離城市所有主要景點都很近。工作人員友好且樂於助人，在您到達時為您提供城市地圖，並在您需要時提供建議。不過，使用Wi-Fi需要支付2歐元一天。

⑹ 高考英語閱讀理解試題及答案分享

高考英語閱讀理解試題及答案分享

高考英語閱讀文章使用的語言都較為正式，結構復雜的長句及省略和插入語等較復雜的`語言現象在文章中隨處可見。影響了考生對文章內容的理解和判斷。為了幫助大家備考高考英語，我整理了一些高考英語閱讀理解，希望能幫到大家!

高考英語閱讀理解【1】

Why do we have in a camera a lens(鏡頭)instead of a simple hole?

The reason can be seen from the figures(圖像).

In Figure 1, the hole is small. Rays of light from a point (P1)outside reach a very small part of the wall opposite, and we see there a small point. But when the hole is bigger, as in Figure 2, rays from the point(P2)can cover a larger part of the wall opposite, and we don’t see a clear point, Rays from other points(Q) outside can also fall on the same place inside. Therefore the picture is not clear when the hole is big and it is not bright when the hole is small because very very little light can pass through it.. We can get better result with a lens. If the lens is made in the shape shown in Figure 3, all the rays of light from the point(P3) are thrown on point(P’) inside. The picture which we see, therefore, is clear, and it is also bright because more light can pass through a lens than through a small hole.

1. In Figure 1 we see a faint small point on the wall because .

A. the point(P1) is very small B. the hole isn’t big enough

C. light rays don’t travel in straight lines D. light rays can’t pass through a small hole

2. Figure 2 shows that the bigger the hole is, .

A. the more light can pass through B. the clearer the picture will be

C. the better result we will get D. the faster the light rays travel

3. From figure 3, we can see a lens .

A. can form a clear picture B. can make light go in a straight line

C. can help light rays to go faster D. cannot give the picture more light than in Fig. 2

4. The main idea of the second paragraph of the article is that .

A. a smaller hole is better than a bigger one

B. big holes are better than small ones

C. both a big hole and a small one have their weak points

D. light rays are sure to pass through a hole no matter it is big or small

5. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Light can go through all kinds of materials

B. A camera can’t be made without a lens

C. The lens is only used in a camera

D. Most of the light we get is from the lens

高考英語閱讀理解【2】

Overhead bridges are found in many parts of Beijing, especially in places where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is dangerous.

The purpose of these bridges is to enable pedestrians (行人) to cross roads safely. Overhead bridges are used to very much the same way as zebra crossings. They are more efficient (效率高的) although less convenient because people have to climb up a long flight of steps. This is inconvenient especially to older people. When pedestrains use an overhead bridge, they do not hold up traffic. However, when they cross a busy road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is why the government has built many overhead bridges to help pedestrians and to keep traffic moving at the same time.

The government of Beijing has spent a large amount of money on building these bridges. For their own safety, pedestrians should be encouraged to use them instead of risking (冒…危險) their lives by dashing across the road. Old people , however , may find it a little difficult climbing up and down the steps, but it is still much safer than walking across the road with all the danger of moving traffic.

Overhead bridges serve a very useful purpose. Pedestrians, both old and young, should make it a habit to use them. This will prevent unnecessary accidents and loss of life.

1. What is the advantage of overhead bridges mentioned in this passage?

A. Taller trucks can pass under them.

B. Pedestrians can climb up and have a view of the city.

C. They are safer for pedestrians and can keep traffic moving at the same time.

D. They are easier and more convenient for the pedestrians.

2. Why were overhead bridges built in Beijing?

A. Because they prevent traffic from being held up.

B. Because they provide an easy way for the drivers to cross the road.

C. Because they save money for the government.

D. Because they save time for the pedestrians.

⑺ 麻煩把下面的英語翻譯為漢語，謝謝！！這是2012重慶高考英語閱讀理解。

經濟學家（economist）約翰·凱恩斯在其1930年的文章「我們子孫的經濟可能性」中寫到（wrote）：「人類的需求分為兩類：絕對需求，包括（included）其他需求；相對需求.........
以為是你在錄入時出現的錯誤，比如：acconmist,ewrote，inpe，isnottrue，alough等等。在網上搜了一下試題，果然如此。真是誤人子弟！！
找到原文http://www.econ.yale.e/smith/econ116a/keynes1.pdf 看一下吧：

"Needs of the second class, those which satisfy the desire for superiority, may indeed be insatiable; for the higher the general level, the higher still are they. But this is not so true of the absolute needs-......."這是原文的一段，比較一下有幾個錯誤。下面的沒看，想必還有錯。
太驚詫了，這是高考試題？有意而為之？好像不是糾錯題啊。
是不是同學們復製得次數太多了？也不好好看看。

⑻ 2018年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解B

Many of us love July because it』s the month when nature』s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia』s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
我們中的許多人喜歡七月，因做吵為它是大辯早自然的漿果和核果豐收的月份。這些來自不列顛哥倫比亞省田野，五顏六色、甘甜的寶石是營養保護的小小動力。

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants. The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries, they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
在普通漿果中，草莓的維生素C含量最高，盡管是由於種子的 原因，覆盆子含有更多的蛋白質, 鐵和鋅（水果中不含太多蛋白質）。藍莓的抗氧化劑含量特別高。 黃色和橙色的核果，如桃子，富含類胡蘿卜素，我們可以將其轉化為維生素A，這是一種抗氧化劑。至於櫻桃, 它們太好吃了，誰會在乎營養價值呢？不過，它們富含維生素C。

When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat 「ice cream」. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
當和漿果或其他水果片混純灶侍合時，冷凍香蕉是製作濃稠冰涼的水果奶昔和低脂「冰淇淋」的最佳基礎配料。為此，選擇熟的香蕉冷凍，這樣更甜。去皮，將其放入塑料袋或容器中冷凍。如果你願意，在香蕉上灑一點新鮮檸檬汁可以防止香蕉變成棕色。冷凍香蕉可以保存幾個星期，這取決於它們的成熟度和冰箱的溫度。

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a 「soft-serve」 creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children』s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
如果你有榨汁機，你可以簡單地加入冷凍香蕉和一些漿果或切片水果。松軟的奶油甜點完成，可以立即食用。這對於兒童聚會來說是一項有趣的活動；他們喜歡把水果和冷凍香蕉放進機器的頂部，觀察下面擠出的冰淇淋。

⑼ 2018年高考英語全國卷2 - 閱讀理解D

We』ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
我們都經歷過：在電梯里，在銀行排隊，或者在飛機上，周圍都是像我們一樣專注於手機的人，或者更糟糕的是，在令人不安的沉默中掙扎。

What』s the problem? It』s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It』s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it』s awkward and challenging, or we think it』s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it』s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
問題是什麼呢？有可能我們每個人都不善於開口說話。更可能是，開口說話會尷尬，而且具有挑戰性，或者我們認為這很煩人，沒有必要。但是下次你會在陌生人中發現，閑聊是值得的。專家說，這是一種非常寶貴的社會實踐，能帶來巨大的好處。

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can』t forget that deep relationships wouldn』t even exist if it weren』t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease for social communication, says Bernardo Carcci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂
將閑聊視為無關緊要很容易，但我們不能忘記，如果沒有閑聊，深厚的關系就不會存在。印第安那大學害羞研究所所長貝爾納多•卡杜奇說過，閑聊是社交的潤滑劑。「幾乎每一個偉大的愛情故事和每一筆大生意都是從閑聊開始，」他解釋道，「成功的閑聊的關鍵是學會如何與他人聯系，而不僅僅是與他們交流。」

In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It』s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂
在2014年的一項研究中，UBC心理學副教授伊麗莎白·鄧恩邀請人們去咖啡館。一組要求與服務員互動；另一組只要求在必要時發言。結果表明，那些與服務員聊天的人有更高的積極感受和更好的咖啡店體驗。」這並不是說和服務員說話比和你丈夫說話好，」鄧恩說，「但與我們社交網路的邊緣成員互動對我們的幸福也很重要。」

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carcci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.
鄧恩認為，與陌生人接觸會感覺到更強烈的歸屬感和與他人的聯系。卡杜奇認為，培養這種歸屬感始於閑聊。」閑聊是禮貌的基礎，」他說。

⑽ 2018年高考英語北京卷 - 閱讀理解D

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
為自動駕駛汽車做准備的城市

The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the read world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
自動駕駛汽車的可能性通常看起來是未來主義者的夢想，距離真實世界裡的實現還要好幾年。然而，未來顯然就是現在。今年四月，加州機動車管理局開始發放許可證，允許各公司在公共道路上測試真正的自動駕駛汽車。州政府還為企業出售或出租自動駕駛汽車以及運營無人駕駛計程車服務掃清了障礙。值得注意的是，加州在這方面並沒有走在最前沿。各公司一直在全國各大城市測試他們的汽車。很難預測公路上何時能遍布無人駕駛汽車。但是無論需要多長時間，這項技術都有可能改變我們的交通系統和城市，至於是好還是壞，就取決於如何管理這種轉變。

While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help rece traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
雖然到目前為止大部分的討論都集中在無人駕駛汽車的安全性上（確有道理），決策制定者也應該討論自動駕駛汽車如何幫助減少交通阻塞、減少排放，提供更便捷、更實惠的靈活性選擇。無人駕駛汽車的到來是一個機會，可以確保那些汽車對環境友好，有更多的共享機會。

Do we want to -or even worsen-the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most alts own indivial self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing services.
我們想通過無人駕駛汽車復制甚至惡化現在的交通狀況嗎？想像一下，未來大多數成年人都擁有自己的自動駕駛汽車。這樣他們就能夠忍受在擁擠的高速公路上上下班的漫長而緩慢的旅程了，因為他們可以在路上工作、娛樂或睡覺，這也會鼓勵城市的擴張。他們把無人駕駛汽車帶到約會的地點之後，就讓空車繞著大樓行駛，以此避免付停車費。他們不再步行幾個街區去接孩子或者去乾洗店，只要讓無人駕駛的迷你巴士去就可以了。這種便利甚至會讓越來越少的人乘坐公共交通工具——研究人員已經在叫車服務中發現了這種糟糕的負面效果。

A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could rece carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues. But driveless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
加州大學戴維斯分校的一項研究表明，在全球范圍內，用電動、自動駕駛和共享系統取代了汽油動力的私家車，至2050年，可以減少交通運輸中80%的碳排放，並降低40%的交通基礎設施和運營成本。更少的排放和更便宜的駕駛聽起來很有吸引力。幾乎可以肯定的是，考慮到無人駕駛技術的成本以及責任和維護問題，第一批商業化的無人駕駛汽車將在叫車服務行業誕生。不過隨著價格的下降以及越來越多的人熟練掌握這項技術，無人駕駛汽車的擁有率可能會提高。

Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless
vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement present a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
決策制定者應當開始考慮，如何確保無人駕駛汽車的出現不會加劇我們現今這個被汽車主導的交通系統的弊端。即將到來的技術進步為城市和各州提供了發展交通系統的機會，這些交通系統旨在承載更多的人、更加便宜。未來汽車就要來了，我們只需要做好准備。