黑洞英語閱讀材料
Ⅰ 關於天文的英語閱讀
Black Holes(黑洞)
Black holes are some of the strangest things in space. A black hole sucks in anything that gets near it. Nothing can escape from a black hole—not even light.
BLACK HOLES ARE STRONG
Nothing escapes from a black hole because its gravity is so strong. Gravity is a force that pulls one thing to another. Gravity is the force that holds you down on Earth. When you jump up, Earth』s gravity pulls you right back down. Earth』s gravity also makes the Moon orbit (go around) Earth.
The more matter (stuff) that is packed in a star, planet, moon, or other object, the stronger is its gravity. Gravity makes an object with more matter pull an object with less matter toward it. The Sun has a lot more matter than Earth. The Sun』s gravity pulls on Earth. It makes Earth orbit the Sun.
Matter is packed very tightly in some things and loosely in others. The matter that makes up an iron ball is packed much tighter than the matter that makes up a bag of feathers. A scientist would say that an iron ball is much denser than a bag of feathers.
A black hole is denser than anything you could imagine. A black hole could have a million times more stuff than our Sun. All of this stuff would be packed into an area smaller than a city. The force of gravity from so much stuff packed into such a small area is awesome.
WHERE DO BLACK HOLES COME FROM?
Astronomers and physicists think black holes come from dying stars. A dying star burns out and stops shining. All the stuff that makes up the star starts falling in on itself. The star gets denser and denser. If the star is big enough and has enough matter, it could get dense enough to become a black hole.
STUDYING BLACK HOLES
No one has really seen a black hole. You cannot see black holes because they do not give off any kind of light. Physicists used math to predict that black holes exist.
Astronomers look for signs of black holes. Astronomers study powerful rays coming from stars in deep space. The stars seem to be orbiting black holes. Astronomers think that black holes are sucking gas from the stars, and this makes the stars give off X rays.
Galaxies are enormous groups of stars. Astronomers think that most galaxies have huge black holes at their centers. The Hubble Space Telescope took pictures of a disk of hot gases at the center of our own Milky Way Galaxy. Astronomers think this disk is going around an enormous black hole right in the center of our galaxy.
黑洞(黑洞)
黑洞是在太空的一些奇怪的事。一個黑洞吸入任何靠近它。沒有什麼能逃脫黑hole-not甚至光。
黑洞是強大的
沒有逃離黑洞因為它的引力是如此的強烈。重力是一股力量,把一件事到另一個地方。重力是地球上把你的力量。當你跳起來時,地球引力把你拉回來。地球的引力也讓月球地球軌道(四處)。
越多事情(東西),裝在一個明星,行星,月亮,或其他對象,它的引力就越強。物體重力使一個對象有更多物質拉向它用更少的問題。太陽比地球更重要。地球上太陽的引力拉。它使地球軌道太陽。
問題是包裝非常緊密一些事情和鬆散。這件事讓一個鐵球比這件事更緊了,一袋羽毛。科學家會說,一個鐵球比一袋密集的羽毛。
一個黑洞的密度比你能想像的任何東西。一個黑洞可能更多的東西比太陽的一百萬倍。所有的這些東西會比城市更小的區域里。這么多東西的重力擠進這么小的區域是可怕的。
黑洞來自哪裡?
天文學家和物理學家認為黑洞來自垂死恆星。垂死的恆星燃燒停止照耀。所有的東西,明星開始下降。星星變得越來越密集的。如果恆星足夠大,有足夠的物質,它能密度足以成為一個黑洞。
研究黑洞
沒有人真正看到一個黑洞。你看不見黑洞因為他們不發出任何類型的光。物理學家利用數學預測,黑洞的存在。
天文學家尋找黑洞的跡象。天文學家研究強大的射線來自恆星外層空間。星星似乎環繞黑洞。天文學家認為,黑洞吸氣體從恆星,這使得星星發出X射線。
星系是巨大的恆星組。天文學家認為,大多數星系有巨大的黑洞中心。哈勃太空望遠鏡拍照片的一個磁碟的熱氣體在我們的銀河系的中心。天文學家們認為這個磁碟將在一個巨大的黑洞就在銀河系的中心。
Ⅱ 霍金名言：愛著並且相信這個世界 請問原文上下段落是什麼 英文原文是什麼
英文原文:
rway beyond which he would be able to。
拓展資料
霍金名言:
1、活著就有希望。
2、當你面臨著夭折的可能性，你就會意識到，生命是寶貴的，你有大量的事情要做。
3、時間有沒有盡頭？
4、宇宙有開端嗎？如果有的話，在此之前發生過什麼？
霍金
霍金畢業於牛津大學（University of Oxford）和劍橋大學，並獲劍橋大學博士學位。
1959年17歲的霍金入讀牛津大學的大學學院攻讀自然科學，用了很少時間而得到一等榮譽學位，隨後轉讀劍橋大學研究宇宙學。
Ⅲ 英語閱讀高二
B
三十多年前出版的《時間簡史》已經成為科學寫作的里程碑。史蒂芬·專霍金，我們這個時代最屬偉大的思想家之一，探索了許多有意義的問題，比如:宇宙是如何開始的?時間總是向前流動嗎?宇宙是沒有盡頭的，還是有界限的?空間中還有其他維度嗎?當
it all ends? It is one of Stephen Hawking's bestsellers and a popular-science book on cosmology (宇宙學).
霍金首次出版這本書的目的是向那些不擅長宇宙學的人解釋難懂的理論思想
由於霍金為不懂科學理論的非專業讀者撰寫了《時間簡史》，他使用了非技術詞彙來描述宇宙的結構、起源、發展和可能的終結，這也是天文學和現代物理學研究的目標。
在本書的各個章節中，霍金解釋了一些基本的概念，如空間和時間，構成宇宙的基本構件以及控制宇宙的基本力量(如重力)。他還寫過宇宙現象，比如大爆炸和黑洞。霍金教授還討論了現代科學家用來描述宇宙的兩個主要理論，即廣義相對論和量子力學。最後，書中還討論了尋找一個統一的理論來描述
高二英語試卷第3頁(共8頁)
Ⅳ 英語優秀文章摘抄3篇
散文 憑借精巧的謀篇布局,巧妙的措辭選景,來渲染氣氛,創造意境,從而體現出它獨特的風格。下面是我帶來的英語優秀 文章 摘抄，歡迎閱讀!
英語優秀文章摘抄篇一
A Lesson In Life 人生物語
Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there，they serve some sort of purpose，to teach you a lesson or help figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be - your roommate，neighbor，professor，long lost friend，lover or even a complete stranger who，when you lock eyes with them，you know that very moment that they will affect your life in some profound way.
And sometimes things happen to you and at the time they may seem horrible，painful and unfair，but in reflection you realize that without overcoming those obstacles，you would have never realized your potential，strength，will power or heart. Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good or bad luck. Illness，injury，love，lost moments of true greatness and sheer stupidity - all occur to test the limits of your soul. Without these small tests，if they be events，illnesses or relationships，life would be like a smoothly paved，straight，flat road to nowhere. Safe and comfortable but ll and utterly pointless.
The people you meet who affect your life and the successes and downfalls you experience - they are the ones who create who you are. Even the bad experiences can be learned from. Those lessons are the hardest and probably the most important ones.
If someone hurts you，betrays you or breaks your heart，forgive them for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious to whom you open your heart to. If someone loves you，love them back unconditionally，not only because they love you，but because they are teaching you to love and opening your heart and eyes to things you would have never seen or felt without them.
Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can，for you may never be able to experience it again.
Talk to people you have never talked to before，and actually listen. Let yourself fall in love，break free and set your sights high. Hold your head up because you have every right to. Tell yourself you are a great indivial and believe in yourself，for if you don‘t believe in yourself，no one else will believe in you either. You can make of your life anything you wish. Create your own life and then go out and live it.
“People are like tea bags - you have to put them in hot water before you know how strong they are.''
英語優秀文章摘抄篇二
老爸(Dad)
The first memory I have of him—of anything，really—is his strength. It was in the late afternoon in a house under construction near ours. The unfinished wood floor had large，terrifying holes whose yawning[張大嘴] darkness I knew led to nowhere good. His powerful hands，then age 33，wrapped all the way around my tiny arms，then age 4，and easily swung[搖擺] me up to his shoulders to command all I surveyed.
我對他——實際上是對所有事的最初記憶，就是他的力量。那是一個下午的晚些時候，在一所靠近我家的正在修建的房子里，尚未完工的木地板上有一個個巨大可怕的洞，那些張著大口的黑洞在我看來是通向不祥之處的。時年33歲的爸爸用那強壯有力的雙手一把握住我的小胳膊，當時我才4歲，然後輕而易舉地把我甩上他的肩頭，讓我把一切都盡收眼底。
The relationship between a son and his father changes over time. It may grow and flourish[繁茂] in mutual maturity[成熟]. It may sour in resented dependence or independence. With many children living in single-parent homes today，it may not even exist.
父子間的關系是隨著歲月的流逝而變化的，它會在彼此成熟的過程中成長興盛，也會在令人不快的依賴或獨立的關系中產生不和。而今許多孩子生活在單親家庭中，這種關系可能根本不存在。
But to a little boy right after World War II，a father seemed a god with strange strengths and uncanny[離奇的] powers enabling him to do and know things that no mortal could do or know. Amazing things，like putting a bicycle chain back on，just like that. Or building a hamster[倉鼠] cage.Or guiding a jigsaw[拼板玩具] so it forms the letter F;I learned the alphabet[字母表] that way in those pre-television days.
然而，對於一個生活在二戰剛剛結束時期的小男孩來說，父親就像神，他擁有神奇的力量和神秘的能力，他無所不能，無所不知。那些奇妙的事兒有上自行車鏈條，或是建一個倉鼠籠子，或是教我玩拼圖玩具，拼出個字母“F”來。在那個電視機還未誕生的年代，我便是通過這種 方法 學會了字母表的。
There were，of course，rules to learn. First came the handshake. None of those fishy[冷冰冰的] little finger grips，but a good firm squeeze accompanied by an equally strong gaze into the other‘s eyes.“The first thing anyone knows about you is your handshake，”he would say. And we’d practice it each night on his return from work，the serious toddler in the battered[用舊了的] Cleveland Indian‘s cap running up to the giant father to shake hands again and again until it was firm enough.
當然，還得學些做人的道理。首先是握手。這可不是指那種冷冰冰的手指相握，而是一種非常堅定有力的緊握，同時同樣堅定有力地注視對方的眼睛。老爸常說：“人們認識你首先是通過同你握手。”每晚他下班回家時，我們便練習握手。年幼的我，戴著頂破克利夫蘭印第安帽，一本正經地跌跌撞撞地跑向巨人般的父親，開始我們的握手。一次又一次，直到握得堅定，有力。
As time passed，there were other rules to learn.“Always do your best.”“Do it now.”“Never lie!”And most importantly，“You can do whatever you have to do.”By my teens，he wasn‘t telling me what to do anymore，which was scary[令人害怕的] and heady[使人興奮的] at the same time. He provided perspective，not telling me what was around the great corner of life but letting me know there was a lot more than just today and the next，which I hadn’t thought of.
隨著時間的流逝，還有許多其他的道理要學。比如：“始終盡力而為”，“從現在做起”，“永不撒謊”，以及最重要的一條：“凡是你必須做的事你都能做到”。當我十幾歲時，老爸不再叫我做這做那，這既令人害怕又令人興奮。他教給我判斷事物的方法。他不是告訴我，在人生的重大轉折點上將發生些什麼，而是讓我明白，除了今天和明天，還有很長的路要走，這一點我是從未考慮過的。
One day，I realize now，there was a change. I wasn‘t trying to please him so much as I was trying to impress him. I never asked him to come to my football games. He had a high-pressure career，and it meant driving through most of Friday night. But for all the big games，when I looked over at the sideline，there was that familiar fedora. And by God，did the opposing team captain ever get a firm handshake and a gaze he would remember.
有一天，事情發生了變化，這是我現在才意識到的。我不再那麼迫切地想要取悅於老爸，而是迫切地想要給他留下深刻的印象。我從未請他來看我的 橄欖球 賽。他工作壓力很大，這意味著每個禮拜五要拚命干大半夜。但每次大型比賽，當我抬頭環視看台時，那頂熟悉的軟呢帽總在那兒。並且感謝上帝，對方隊長總能得到一次讓他銘記於心的握手——堅定而有力，伴以同樣堅定的注視。
Then，a school fact contradicted something he said. Impossible that he could be wrong，but there it was in the book. These accumulated over time，along with personal experiences，to buttress my own developing sense of values. And I could tell we had each taken our own，perfectly normal paths.
後來，在學校學到的一個事實否定了老爸說過的某些東西。他不可能會錯的，可書上卻是這樣寫的。諸如此類的事日積月累，加上我的個人閱歷，支持了我逐漸成形的價值觀。我可以這么說：我倆開始各走各的陽關道了。
I began to see，too，his blind spots，his prejudices[偏見] and his weaknesses. I never threw these up at him. He hadn‘t to me，and，anyway，he seemed to need protection. I stopped asking his advice;the experiences he drew from no longer seemed relevant to the decisions I had to make.
與此同時，我還開始發現他對某些事的無知，他的偏見，他的弱點。我從未在他面前提起這些，他也從未在我面前說起，而且，不管怎麼說，他看起來需要保護了。我不再向他徵求意見;他的那些 經驗 也似乎同我要做出的決定不再相干。
He volunteered advice for a while. But then，in more recent years，politics and issues gave way to talk of empty errands and，always，to ailments.
老爸當了一段時間的“自願顧問”，但後來，特別是近幾年裡，他談話中的政治與國家大事讓位給了空洞的使命與疾病。
From his bed，he showed me the many sores and scars on his misshapen body and all the bottles for medicine.“Sometimes，”he confided[傾訴]，“I would just like to lie down and go to sleep and not wake up.”
躺在床上，他給我看他那被歲月扭曲了的軀體上的疤痕，以及他所有的葯瓶兒。他傾訴著：“有時我真想躺下睡一覺，永遠不再醒來。”
After much thought and practice(“You can do whatever you have to do.”)，one night last winter，I sat down by his bed and remembered for an instant those terrifying dark holes in another house 35 years before. I told my fatherhow much I loved him. I described all the things people were doing for him. But，I said，he kept eating poorly，hiding in his room and violating the doctor‘s orders. No amount of love could make someone else care about life，I said;it was a two-way street. He wasn’t doing his best. The decision was his.
通過深思熟慮與親身體驗(“凡是你必須做的事你都能做到”)，去年冬天的一個夜晚，我坐在老爸床邊，忽然想起35年前那另一棟房子里可怕的黑洞。我告訴老爸我有多愛他。我向他講述了人們為他所做的一切。而我又說，他總是吃得太少，躲在房間里，還不聽醫生的勸告。我說，再多的愛也不能使一個人自己去熱愛生命：這是一條雙行道，而他並沒有盡力，一切都取決於他自己。
He said he knew how hard my words had been to say and how proud he was of me.“I had the best teacher，”I said.“You can do whatever you have to do.”He smiled a little. And we shook hands，firmly，for the last time.
他說他明白要我說出這些話多不容易，他是多麼為我自豪。“我有位最好的老師，”我說，“凡是你必須做的事你都能做到”。他微微一笑，之後我們握手，那是一次堅定的握手，也是最後的一次。
Several days later，at about 4 A.M.，my mother heard Dad shuffling[拖著] about their dark room.“I have some things I have to do，”he said. He paid a bundle of bills. He composed for my mother a long list of legal and financial what-to-do‘s“in case of emergency.”And he wrote me a note.
幾天後，大約凌晨四點，母親聽到父親拖著腳步在他們漆黑的房間里走來走去。他說：“有些事我必須得做。”他支付了一疊帳單，給母親留了張長長的條子，上面列有法律及經濟上該做的事，“以防不測”。接著他留了封簡訊給我。
Then he walked back to his bed and laid himself down. He went to sleep，naturally. And he did not wake up.
然後，他走回自己的床邊，躺下。他睡了，十分安詳，再也沒有醒來。
英語優秀文章摘抄篇三
Picasso And Me (畢加索和我)
This is the 50th anniversary of the day I crossed paths with Pablo Picasso. It came about in a strange way. I had written a column showing how absurd some of my mail had become.
One letter was from Philadelphia. It was written by a Temple University student named Harvey Brodsky. Harvey said he was in love with a girl named Gloria Segall，and he hoped to marry her someday. She claimed to be the greatest living fan of Picasso. The couple went to a Picasso exhibit and，to impress her，Harvey told Gloria that he could probably get the artist‘s autograph.
Harvey‘s letter continued，“Since that incident，Gloria and I have stopped seeing each other. I did a stupid thing and she threw me out and told me she never wanted to see me again.
“I‘m writing to you because I’m not giving up on Gloria. Could you get Picasso‘s autograph for me?If you could，I have a feeling Gloria and I could get back together. The futures of two young people depend on it. I know she is miserable without me and I without her. Everything depends on you.”
At the end of the letter，he said，“I，Harvey Brodsky，do solemnly swear that any item received by me from Art Buchwald(namely，Pablo Picasso‘s autograph)will never be sold or given to anyone except Miss Gloria Segall.”
I printed the letter in my column to show how ridiculous my mail was. When it appeared，David Duncan，a photographer，was with Picasso in Cannes and Duncan translated it for Picasso.
Picasso was very moved，and he took out his crayons and drew a beautiful color sketch for Gloria Segall and signed it.
Duncan called and told me the good news.
I said，“The heck with Gloria Segall，what about me?”
David explained this to Picasso and in crayons he drew a picture of the two of us together，holding a glass of wine，and wrote on the top，“Pour Art Buchwald.”
By this time，the Associated Press had picked up the story and followed through on the delivery of the picture to Gloria Segall. When it arrived special delivery in Philadelphia，Gloria took one look and said，“Harvey and I will always be good friends.”
If you‘re wondering how the story ends，Harvey married somebody else，and so did Gloria. The Picasso hangs in Gloria’s living room.
It was a story that caught the imagination of people all over the world. I received lots of letters after the column was published. My favorite came from an art dealer in New York，who wrote：
“I can find you as many unhappy couples in New York City as you can get Picasso sketches. Two girls I know are on the verge of suicide if they don‘t hear from Picasso，and I know several couples in Greenwich Village who are in the initial stages of divorce. Please wire me how many you need. We both stand to make a fortune.”
Another letter，from Bud Grossman in London，said，“My wife threatens to leave me unless I can get her Khrushchev‘s autograph. She would like it signed on a Russian sable coat.”
Ⅳ 2017「外研社杯」全國英語閱讀大賽指定書目
出處: 外研社Unipus
為提升學生綜合閱讀能力，助力參賽選手科學備賽，大賽組委會特邀多位英語語言文學領域資深專家精心篩選出10本英文圖書作為2017「外研社杯」全國英語閱讀大賽指定書目。
2017大賽指定書目打破往屆書目傳統，涉獵學科廣泛，不僅包含文學與人生、語言與文化、社會與人、哲學與文明四大類別，還包含科學著作，旨在激發參賽選手們的英語閱讀興趣，提高其思辨能力。
2017閱讀大賽指定書目
1
Historic Girls
《名垂青史的女孩》
2
A Brief History of Time
《時間簡史》
3
The Scarlet Letter
《紅字》
4
European Culture: An Introction
《歐洲文化入門》
5
Taking Sides:
Clashing Views on Global Issues
《立場——辯證思維訓練
（全球問題篇）》
6
Shakespeare: A Very Short Introction
《讀懂莎士比亞》
7
Thinking, Fast and Slow
《思考，快與慢》
8
The Beginnings of Chinese Civilization
《中國文明的開始》
9
The Story of Mankind
《人類的故事》
10
How the Mind Works
《心智探奇》
2017大賽指定書目在選取上契合閱讀大賽的四大版塊： Read and Know （讀以明己）、Read and Reason（讀以察世）、Read and Question（讀以啟思）、Read and Create（讀以言志）。
其中，Read and Create版塊的賽題文本會從指定書目中選取，其他版塊的賽題文本會部分選自指定書目。
2017閱讀大賽指定書目面面觀
1
Historic Girls
《名垂青史的女孩》
歸類：文學與人生
Elbridge Streeter Brooks
（埃爾布里奇·斯特里特·布魯克斯）
簡介：
巴爾米拉女王芝諾比阿、君士坦丁大帝的母親海倫娜、東羅馬皇後普爾喀麗亞、勃艮第的克洛蒂爾達、中國的武則天、蘇格蘭瑪蒂爾達皇後、荷蘭伯爵夫人傑奎琳、塞普勒斯王後卡特琳娜、阿維拉的聖特雷薩、英格蘭的伊麗莎白女王、瑞典女王克里斯蒂娜，以及北美波瓦坦印第安人部落聯盟的公主波卡洪塔斯，十二位女孩，十二個傳奇故事。
2
A Brief History of Time
《時間簡史》
歸類：文學與人生
Stephen Hawking
（史蒂芬·霍金）
簡介：
《時間簡史》是一本關於宇宙本性的最前沿知識科普著作，講述了時間和空間的核心秘密，包括我們的宇宙圖像、空間和時間、膨脹的宇宙不確定性原理、基本粒子和自然的力、黑洞等內容。本書自1988年第一版問世以來，被翻譯成40多種文字，至今已出售逾2500萬冊，成為全球最暢銷的科普著作之一，對人類的觀念有深遠的影響。
3
The Scarlet Letter
《紅字》
歸類：文學與人生
Nathaniel Hawthorne
（納撒尼爾·霍桑）
簡介：
《紅字》不僅是美國浪漫主義小說的代表，同時也被稱作是美國心理分析小說的開創篇，海明威稱其為「一本可以提高人們藝術水平的好書」。小說發表於1850年，以殖民地時期新英格蘭生活為背景，以當時嚴酷的清教視為罪不可赦的一樁「通姦罪」為核心展開情節，細致入微地刻畫了與這樁「罪行」有關的四個人物的精神世界。
4
European Culture: An Introction
《歐洲文化入門》
歸類：語言與文化
編者：
王佐良等主編，司徒雙等編著
簡介：
英語中有數不清的典故、名言、成語、人名、地名等等來自古希臘、羅馬的哲學、文學、歷史著作，希伯萊的聖經，文藝復興時期的藝術創作，或者牽涉到各時期思想、科技、政治、社會方面的重要事件和人物。如果對這些所知無多，讀書未必全懂，對談也難順利。而一旦對這些有了較多認識，不僅了解程度會提高，而且通過文化來學習語言，語言也會學得更好。
5
Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Global Issues
《立場——辯證思維訓練（全球問題篇）》
歸類：語言與文化
編者：
James E.Harf（哈爾夫）
Mark Owen Lombardi（隆巴爾迪）
簡介：
本書隸屬於Taking Sides系列叢書，話題為當今全球問題，為讀者提供了源自報刊、法庭辯詞、議會陳述等關於同一問題的正反兩方面論證文章，培養讀者對於同一觀點的辯證思維能力和論辯技巧。本書系「外研社杯」辯論賽指定用書。
6
Shakespeare: A Very Short Introction
《讀懂莎士比亞》
歸類：語言與文化
Germaine Greer
（傑曼•格里爾）
簡介：
劇作家莎士比亞究竟有何過人之處？莎士比亞的戲劇作品與各學科前沿的最新研究成果有何關系?本書通過對多部莎劇的精妙解讀，依次從當代詩學、倫理學、政治學、目的論和社會學等多個角度，揭示出莎士比亞在四百多年前的諸多創見與當代各學科前沿理論的密切聯系，為我們展示了一代文豪莎士比亞所取得的獨特成就。
7
Thinking, Fast and Slow
《思考，快與慢》
歸類：社會與人
Daniel Kahneman
（丹尼爾·卡尼曼）
簡介：
在書中，心理學家卡尼曼會帶領我們體驗一次思維的創新之旅。卡尼曼介紹了很多經典有趣的行為實驗，指出我們在什麼情況下相信自己的直覺；指導我們如何在商場、職場和個人生活中做出更好的選擇，以及如何運用不同技巧來避免常常使我們陷入麻煩的思維失誤。本書將會徹底改變讀者對思考的看法。
8
The Beginnings of Chinese Civilization
《中國文明的開始》
歸類：哲學與文明
簡介：
《中國文明的開始》原是作者在華盛頓大學作的三次關於「安陽殷墟發掘」的英文演講手稿集。除了關於殷墟發掘的介紹外，書中還討論了中國現代考古學的建立、中華民族人種的起源等重要問題。
9
The Story of Mankind
《人類的故事》
歸類：哲學與文明
Hendrik van Loon（房龍）
簡介：
《人類的故事》是一部以通俗手法描寫人類文明發展史的歷史巨著，故事從遠古的時候講起，講述埃及和美索不達米亞文明的源起，講述希臘與羅馬時代的輝煌，沿著宗教興起的線索講述到中世紀社會的發展和演變，從城市的興起、文藝復興、講述到世界性的變革和各國的革命。在追溯到一些主要國家的歷史線索時，也講述了一些重要歷史人物的故事，評述他們的功過。
10
How the Mind Works
《心智探奇》
歸類：其他
Steven Pinker（史蒂芬·平克）
簡介：
《心智探奇》是認知神經科學領域顛覆性的著作，凝聚認知神經學、人工智慧和進化心理學等多項研究成果，權威解答「什麼是智能」這一深刻問題，破解機器人難題。同時，詳細剖析心智的四大能力，權威解讀「心智如何工作」。觀點獨到精闢，立論嚴謹周密，論證新穎犀利，例證豐富新鮮，行文汪洋恣肆，帶領讀者進行一場探索心智本質的奇幻之旅。
如何科學閱讀，高效備賽？
為幫助參賽選手深入解讀指定書目，系統學習閱讀方法，外研社Unipus邀請英語語言文學領域資深專家，特別推出《名家領讀指定書目》系列直播課程。本課程讓學生在掌握閱讀方法和技能的同時，激發英語閱讀興趣，培養良好的英語閱讀習慣，提高思辨能力，進而提升英語閱讀的綜合能力。
如何快速獲取以上書目？
為幫助參賽選手便捷獲取閱讀大賽指定書目，「愛洋蔥」官網和外研書店特別推出2017「外研社杯」全國英語閱讀大賽指定書目專欄。
《名垂青史的女孩》
《紅字》
《歐洲文化入門》
《中國文明的開始》
《人類的故事》
以上五本書可在「愛洋蔥」官網獲取。
《時間簡史》
《立場——辯證思維訓練（全球問題篇）》
《讀懂莎士比亞》
《思考，快與慢》
以上四本書可通過外研書店微店購買。
《心智探奇》未被外研書店微店收錄，還請同學們自行上網搜尋。
閱讀的意義在於，它讓你在超越世俗生活的層面上，建立起精神生活的世界；它讓你站在巨人的肩膀之上、凌駕於偉人的思考之上；它還讓你體會世界上最美妙的情感、感知最新奇的事物。
正如余秋雨先生曾說的那樣：只有書籍，能把遼闊的時間澆灌給你，能把一切高貴生命早已飄散的信號傳遞給你，能把無數的智慧和美好對比著愚昧和醜陋一起呈現給你。
希望大家可以將單純的「閱讀」變成「悅讀」，在閱讀中體會個中情感，在閱讀中提升個人正能量、賦予個人「氣自華」。讓我們一起開啟一場美妙的「閱讀旅程」吧！
Ⅵ 誰能幫我翻譯一下這篇英語閱讀~~~~(>_<)~~~~
在11月18日1908年，三名男子在一個熱氣球中。他們早就開始在倫敦開始。村長是Augusta Gaudron，另專外兩名男子Tannar和Maitland.。他們有一個大氣屬球，他們做了很長的准備。
很快，他們聽到了大海。他們放下繩子，它是從懸掛在氣球籃子中了。最後他們用它綁住了一個金屬盒子。這可能裝了水，也可能是空的。因此，他們改變其重量。讓它在海上方的使用。他們還攜帶的一袋沙子。
太陽升起後，氣球到了更高的地方。它上升到3000米，空氣十分寒冷。氣球中的水變成冰。男子的籃子中的雪掉了下來，他們可以看到地上更多的雪。這些人試圖拋棄一些沙子，但是很難。他們試圖用他們的刀打破凍成了冰的沙子，但這並不容易。這項工作進展緩慢，他們也仍在下降，所以他們不得不放棄一些裝沙子的包。其中一人倒在冰冷的湖水上，在冰上形成了一個黑色的洞。
最後他們把盒子拉到籃子里。它仍然是雪，所以他們上升到雪地上方了了。他們上升到5100米！一切都變得冰冷。他們是如此寒冷以至於他們決定降落。他們艱難的降落到了在波蘭，但他們很安全。他們從倫敦旅行了1797公里！
額 我也有點看不懂 我盡力了 ⊙﹏⊙b汗
Ⅶ 宇宙的英語閱讀
有關宇宙的英語閱讀
關於宇宙，大家都有無限的想像，下面我收集了一些有關宇宙的英語閱讀文章，一起來欣賞一下吧!
【宇宙中可能存在其他“地球”】
The Kepler orbiting observatory was launched with a simple mission - to find other Earths. NASA describes it as 'a search for habitable planets.'
隨著一項簡單的任務，尋找其他“地球”，開普勒軌道天文台啟動。美國宇航局將其描述為“一次對可居住的星球的搜尋”。
And analysis of its first 136 days of data has already begun - with scientists combing through scans of 150,000 stars, and evidence of 1,235 potential planets.
通過掃描瀏覽150,000顆恆星，科學家們已經開始分析梳理頭136天的數據，結果表明有1,235顆可能的行星。
Such information is fascinating in itself - but it also allows scientists to work out projections using statistical analysis.
這類消息本身很吸引人的，但同時也需要科學家們運用數據分析得出推測。
One analysis has predicted that one-third of 'sun-like' stars - stars with the classification F, G or K - will have planets similar to Earth.
一項分析推測，三分之一的類太陽恆星，即F, G 或 K類恆星，將會有類似地球的行星存在。
Traub says, “About one-third of FGK stars are predicted to have at least one terrestrial, habitable-zone planet.”
Traub說：“根據預測，大約三分之一的F, G 或 K類類恆星會至少有一個行星類似地球，擁有可居住區域。”
Traub used statistical analysis to 'predict' planets that had not been detected by Kepler, and whether they would be within the 'habitable zone'. Traub's analysis hints that there may be even more potential 'Earths' orbiting them than previously thought - and that this 'principle' would extend to stars not yet scanned by Kepler.
Traub運用數據分析推測出尚未被開普勒軌道天文台偵察到的行星，同時推測出是否有可居住區域。這項分析暗示，或許有比從前預想的更多的潛在“地球”在進行著軌道運動，這一原則將會拓展到還沒被開普勒軌道天文台掃描到的地區。
Some commenters felt that Traub's 'habitable zones' were too generous, it included planets shrouded in icy clouds of carbon dioxide.
一些批評家們覺得，Traub的“可居住區”太過籠統，還包括了被結冰的二氧化碳雲層籠罩的行星。
The $600 million Kepler spacecraft, which launched in March 2009, is staring continuously at a patch of sky containing about 150,000 stars in the Cygnus constellation.
2009年3月，花費6億美元的開普勒宇宙飛船發射，一直不斷的探測著包含著150,000顆恆星的天鵝座。
The high-tech equipment analyses each stars' light every 30 minutes, watching for telltale dips in brightness which may indicate a planet is crossing its path.
高科技設備分析了每一顆恆星每30分鍾的光，等待他們沐浴在光亮下的跡象，這意味著一刻行星正在通過它的`路徑。
Sophisticated sifting software is used to send the data to earth-bound scientists, who scour the results. As Kepler continues to scan, data - and analyses such as Traub's paper - will continue to become more accurate.
復雜精緻的篩選軟體被用於給地球上的科學家發送數據，他們負責弄清楚結果。隨著開普勒軌道天文台的繼續掃描，數據與分析(例如Traub文件)將會繼續變得更加准確。
【黑洞中可能存在超越人類的文明】
Despite being considered the most destructive force in space and absolutely uninhabitable, the conditions for life exist inside supermassive black holes, a Russian cosmologist has theorised. Vyacheslav Dokuchaev has even suggested that if life did exist inside the SBH, it would have evolved to become the most advanced civilisation in the galaxy.
盡管超大質量黑洞被認為最具破壞力並且絕對無法居住，然而俄羅斯的一名宇宙學家理論上認為，黑洞中有生命存在的條件。Vyacheslav Dokuchaev甚至曾暗示說，如果黑洞中真的有生命存在，他們已經進化成銀河中最先進的文明。
Supermassive black holes are such powerful gravitational forces that they suck in everything around them, including light, and nothing that crosses the black hole's 'event horizon(at the lip of the black hole)' is ever seen again.
超大質量黑洞引力非常強大，會將它周圍的一切都吸進去，任何穿過黑洞視界(即黑洞的邊緣)的東西都將永無再現之日，包括光。
But now Dokuchaev, of Moscow's Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, says existing evidence combined with new research throws up intriguing possibilities for certain types of black holes.
但是現在，莫斯科核研究所俄羅斯科學院的Dokuchaev說，現有證據結合最新的研究引出了對特定類型黑洞來說非常有趣的可能性。
Inside a charged, rotating black hole there are regions where photons can survive in stable periodic orbits. Dokuchaev specialises in studying those orbits and their dynamics.
帶電荷的、旋轉的黑洞中，光子能夠在一些區域內倖存，並且進行穩定的、周期性軌道運行。
He speculates, in a paper published in Cornell University's online journal arXiv, that if there are stable orbits for photons, there is no reason why there could not be stable orbits for larger objects, such as planets.
Dokuchaev在發表在美國康奈爾大學網路期刊arXiv的一篇論文中推測說，如果光子在黑洞中有穩定軌道，比如行星等大的物體在黑洞中沒有穩定軌道是非常沒有理由的。
The problem is that these stable orbits would only exist once you have crossed the threshold of the event horizon, where time and space flow into one another.
問題是，只有曾穿過黑洞視界的臨界才會存在穩定軌道，那裡時間與空間會流入其他地方。
However, beyond the event horizon is another domain, known as the Cauchy horizon, where time and space return to stable states. It is inside the Cauchy horizon that life could exist, Dokuchaev argues in the paper published in arXiv, and the type of life that could exist in those conditions - where they would be subject to massive fluctuating tidal forces - would have evolved beyond ours.
然而，黑洞視界的另一邊是一片被稱作柯西視界的領域，那裡的時空會恢復到穩定狀態。Dokuchaev在發表在arXiv的論文中主張，柯西視界中有生命存在的可能, 而且在那種條件下存活的生命很可能進化的比人類還好，他們可能受支配與巨大的、波動的潮汐力。
Though that is a spine-tingling thought, Dokuchaev's proposition can only ever remain theoretical. Because nothing can ever escape from a black hole e to its enormous gravitational pull, we will never know if it is true.
雖然這是一個令人興奮的想法，可是Dokuchaev的這項議題很可能永遠只停留在理論層面。因為任何事物都無法逃離黑洞的巨大引力，我們永遠也無法知道Dokuchaev的議題是不是真的。
;Ⅷ 求100詞左右的介紹黑洞或者反物質或者蟲洞的英語短文。不要太難得。初三能讀懂就行！
General relativity predicts a particularly dense dark objects. Evolution of massive stars in their late collapse occurs, the dense material in particular, it has one called "event horizon" of the closed border, a black hole hidden in a huge gravitational field, e to the gravitational field so strong, including in particular photon (ie the composition of light particles, the speed c = 3.0 × 10 ^ 8m / s), including any material can only be entered could not escape. The formation of a black hole minimum mass star's core is about three times the solar mass, of course, this is the last star of nuclear quality, rather than main sequence stars in the period of quality. In addition to this stellar-class black hole, there are other sources of black holes - the so-called micro-black holes may be formed in the early universe, the so-called supermassive black holes may exist in the central galaxy. A black hole can be found through the concept of electronic equipment.
The black hole within its borders to prevent any outsiders to see anything, which is the object known as the "black hole" of the reason. We were unable to observe the reflection of light it can only be affected indirectly understand the objects around the black hole. Having said that, but the black hole still has its borders, namely "event horizon (horizon)." It is assumed that the evolution of stellar black hole of death matter, is in a special super-massive stars collapse generated. In addition, the quality of a black hole must be larger than the Chandrasekhar limit of stellar evolution to the end of the form, quality, smaller than the Chandrasekhar limit of the star is unable to form a black hole.
翻譯成漢語就是下面的意思----
廣義相對論預言的一種特別緻密的暗天體。大質量恆星在其演化末期發生塌縮，其物質特別緻密，它有一個稱為「視界」的封閉邊界，黑洞中隱匿著巨大的引力場，因引力場特別強以至於包括光子(即組成光的微粒，速度c=3.0×10^8m/s)在內的任何物質只能進去而無法逃脫。形成黑洞的星核質量下限約3倍太陽質量，當然，這是最後的星核質量，而不是恆星在主序時期的質量。除了這種恆星級黑洞，也有其他來源的黑洞——所謂微型黑洞可能形成於宇宙早期，而所謂超大質量黑洞可能存在於星系中央。黑洞可以經由電子儀器觀查到。
黑洞不讓任何其邊界以內的任何事物被外界看見，這就是這種物體被稱為「黑洞」的緣故。我們無法通過光的反射來觀察它，只能通過受其影響的周圍物體來間接了解黑洞。雖然這么說，但黑洞還是有它的邊界，即「事件視界（視界）」。據猜測，黑洞是死亡恆星的演化物，是在特殊的大質量超巨星坍縮時產生的。另外，黑洞必須是一顆質量大於錢德拉塞卡極限的恆星演化到末期而形成的，質量小於錢德拉塞卡極限的恆星是無法形成黑洞的。
Ⅸ 英語閱讀理解！謝謝了!
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