英語四級閱讀原文解析
大學英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析
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長難句一
Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升級) systems. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主幹：courses can run (on...)
Although 引導讓步狀語從句。investment in...表示“在......方面的投資”。不定式to support... 是賓語investment 的補足語，“項目需要投資來支持相關軟體”(因為)support 的邏輯主語不是programs 而是investment，所以該不定式應該是補語，而非目的狀語)。譯文：雖然一些規模更大的課程需要斥資增加新的伺服器、擴建網路來支持配套的軟體，但大部分遠程教育課程可以在現有的或稍加升級的系統上運行。
長難句二
While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the procts they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主幹：it is clear that...
句首的While 引導讓步狀語從句，“盡管”......。it is clear......中，it 是形式主語，省略連接詞that 的從句there is...才是句子的真正主語。in ensuring...是there be 句型的狀語成分，“在確保......方面”。ensuring 後面接的是省略that 的賓語從句。
譯文：雖然有許多好而有用的聲明，但是，很明顯，要確保購買者完全知曉所購產品對環境的影響還需要很長的時間。
長難句三
They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, "Geez, if it could happen to him,..."(08.12 Passage 1)
主幹：They only come in
1.when引導時間狀語從句，而且引導兩個並列的從句：a friend drops dead...以及they think...。引號中的是直接引語，作think的賓語。
2.本句在理解上的一個難點是，they think究竟是與they come in並列還是與a friend drops dead並列。從語言形式上看，兩種理解都可以;但從語義邏輯上看，應該是“他們只有在想到...的時候才來”，把they think歸到時間狀語從句中更合理。
譯文：只有當一位朋友在高爾夫球場猝死時，他們才來看醫生。他們會想到：“哎呀，如果這樣的事能發生在他身上，...”
長難句四
Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相對於) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. (07.6 Passage 1)
分析主幹：I would fight...
when 引導時間狀語從句。本句理解上的難點不在語法結構，而在語言本身所表達的'內容。was pushed into...表明作者不是主動參與這類爭論的。an argument on...“在......方面的爭論”。on my behalf “代表我自己，為我自己。”
譯文：有時候，當我與別人爭論左腦與右腦的問題，或者是先天天賦與後天培育的問題時，我會馬上站在我的立場以及所有女性同胞的立場上給予狠狠的反駁遙。
長難句五
As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主幹：the ideas will come out and let themselves be captured...
句首的as 引導時間狀語從句。主句部分是復合謂語，有兩個由and 連接的並列謂語。
譯文：隨著話語開始流淌，思想也會逐漸明朗化，使自己呈現在你的筆記本或者屏幕上。
長難句六
While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry‘s. (06.6 Passage 2)
分析主幹：the government has granted her permission and she has returned to...
While 引導時間狀語從句。本句主句是由and 連接兩個分句構成的並列句，兩個分句都用了現在完成時，與狀語從句的一般現在時對照來看，表明主句中的兩個動作都是在await 期間完成。grant 後面接了雙賓語，間接賓語是her，直接賓語是permission。
譯文：在她等待結果出來期間，政府給予她在美國的工作許可，她已經返回到她在Ben & Jerry 冰激凌連鎖店的工作崗位。
長難句七
Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter‘s experience. (07.12 Passage 2)
分析主幹：I had to accept the fact...
Because 引導原因狀語從句。該從句用了know little about...結構，about 有兩個賓語。that 引導的從句是即farm animals 和angels，中間用or 連接，兩個名詞分別都有定語從句加以修飾。主句部分fact 帶有that 引導的同位語從句。
譯文：因為我對會使用工具的家畜和上一年級的天使一無所知，所以我得承認這樣的事實：我在借用我女兒的經驗。
長難句八
The I SO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on proct packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主幹：院The standards ban claims本句只含一個原因狀語從句，結構上較為簡單。值得注意的是，句中的名詞片語大多含有修飾成分，如：The ISO labeling standards, claims on proct packaging, terms such as...。
譯文：ISO 標識標准禁止在商品的包裝上出現模糊的或會引起誤導的產品說明，因為我們無法證明類似“環保”、“無污染”等這樣的字樣。
長難句九
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (課程大綱), reading assignments, and scheles on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析主幹：distance learning signifies a course
1.句首While 引導狀語從句，有讓步、對比之意。
2.in which 引導定語從句修飾a course，該從句本身是and 連接兩個分句構成的並列結構，兩個分句分別講到有關老師和學生的情況。post... on Websites 結構中，post 含有3 個賓語。
譯文：雖然網路課程提供的教學形式會各不相同，但遠程學習通常都表現為這樣一種課程：教師將課程大綱、閱讀作業及課程進度安排在網站上公布，學生通過電子郵件提交作業。
長難句十
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主幹：they cannot work...
While 引導讓步狀語從句，“盡管......”。從句中的employ 表示“採用”，不定式to get...作目的狀語。work in parallel“並行不悖地起作用”。no matter how 也引導讓步狀語從句，表示“無論多麼......”。
譯文“盡管要完成定稿這兩種思維都不可或缺，可是它們卻不能並行著參與寫作過程-----無論我們多麼認為原本如此。
長難句十一
Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析主幹:people may be "well"
主句的主語people 有一個who 引導的定語從句修飾。if 引導條件狀語從句，從句中的they can 是省略形式的定語從句(相當於they can maintain)，修飾health。
譯文：在這種新的意義上來說，甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”，如果他們在面對身體缺陷時盡力去達到可能的最好健康狀況的話。
長難句十二
Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)
分析主幹:people may be "well"
主句的主語people 有一個who 引導的定語從句修飾。if 引導條件狀語從句，從句中的they can 是省略形式的定語從句(相當於they can maintain)，修飾health。
譯文：在這種新的意義上來說，甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”，如果他們在面對身體缺陷時盡力去達到可能的最好健康狀況的話。
長難句十三
Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near. (07.6 Passage 2)
分析主幹：you will believe that... and you will end up staring...
本句主句是and 連接兩個分句構成的並列句。前一個分句中，that 引導的從句作believe 的賓語，該賓語從句中又包含一個由than 引導的比較狀語從句。後一個分句中，謂語部分是end up doing 結構，staring...作主語補足語。
譯文：你很有可能會以為這樣加工整理素材會讓你時間不夠用，結果是最後隨著交稿日期的逐漸臨近，你將只是盯著稿件發呆。
長難句十四
Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主幹：the show inspired designers
本句是簡單句。過去分詞短語Organized by...在句中作狀語，用以補充說明主語的背景信息。謂語部分用了inspire sb. to do 結構，不定式短語to work with...是賓語補足語。
譯文：這次時裝秀由總部位於紐約的非盈利組織Earth Pledge 主辦，激發了許多頂尖設計師第一次使用不破壞生態平衡的布料設計時裝。
長難句十五
This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (過渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (09.6 Passage 1)
分析主幹：Wal-Mart is set to announce a (major) initiative: it will buy (transitional)cotton...
1.本句冒號後的內容是對前文initiative 的詳細闡述，相當於一個同位語從句。
2.冒號前的分句中，謂語動詞用了be set to do 結構，過去分詞短語aimed to...是initiatives 的後置定語，相當於一個定語從句。
3.冒號後的分句中，結構簡單，其中helping to...是現在分詞短語，作謂語動詞buy 的狀語，表示目的。
譯文：本周沃爾瑪超市准備出台一項重大舉措，目的在於幫助棉農種植有機棉：沃爾瑪將以更高的價格收購過渡型的棉花，以此幫助擴大一種重要有機原材料的供應。
長難句十六
Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. (07.12 Passage 2)
分析主幹：I offered suggestions (for...)
句首的Telling 是現在分詞，作狀語，表示伴隨動作：它帶了一個賓語從句，從句的表語writer 後接了一個作定語的現在分詞guiding...。主句部分的介詞for 帶有三個名詞作賓語，與suggestion 連用，表示“對.......的建議”。
譯文：我對自己說，我只是一個有經驗的作家，在指導身邊的一位年輕作家。我對她的那些故事中的人物堯沖突及結局提出建議。
長難句十七
Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析主幹：Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars...
不定式to be the biggest liars 在句中作賓語emailers 的補語。現在分詞reasoning在句中作伴隨狀語。that 引導從句作reasoning 的賓語。該賓語從句又包含一個原因狀語從句，由because 引導。
譯文：有些心理學家原以為人們在電子郵件中最容易撒謊，理由是：欺騙使人感到不舒服，所以電子郵件這種非直接接觸的媒介能讓人的謊言更容易說出口。
長難句十八
Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge ( 大雜燴) ofenvironmental claims made by household procts, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday. (05.6 Passage 2)
分析主幹：Consumers are being confused and misled by...
本句用了現在進行時的被動語態，含兩個謂語動詞confused 和misled。過去分詞短語made by...和published by...分別修飾前面的名詞claims 和study。
譯文：根據消費者國際組織在星期五發表的野綠色商標冶研究報告，消費者受到了各種家居產品五花八門的環保聲明的誤導，都被搞糊塗了。
長難句十九
I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent蒺s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could ring the course of play. (05.6 Passage 1)
分析主幹：I have (also) witnessed a player reacting
reacting 在句中是現在分詞，作賓語a player 的補語;by... hitting...是reacting 的方式狀語，hitting 作介詞by 的賓語。as hard as he could 是比較結構，表示“盡力”。
譯文：還有一次我看到過一個球員在比賽中因為對方的一個有意犯規阻擋，而故意使足了力氣把球砸向對方。
長難句二十
Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits. (08.6 Passage 2)
分析主幹：someone will glance...
本句是個簡單句，謂語動詞glance 後接介詞短語through purchases or bills。不定式短語to find out...在句中作狀語，表示“無意中一瞥”的結果。
譯文：或者有人會隨意翻閱你的信用卡購物單或手機話費單，以此來了解你的購物喜好或通話習慣。
;② 2021年12月英語四級閱讀理解長難句解析
1.2021年12月英語四級閱讀理解長難句解析
He had a perfect resume and gave goodresponses to her questions, but the fact that henever looked her in the eye said "untrustworthy", so she decided to offer thejob to her second choice.
原文譯文：
他的簡歷堪稱完美，對她提出的問題也能對答如流，但他從來不正視蒂法尼的眼睛，這讓她感覺他這個人「不可靠」。因此，她把這份工作給了她的第二人選。
四級詞彙講解：
本句中so引導的是結果狀語從句，主句部分為but連接的並列句，主幹為he had resume and gaveresponse, but fact said "untrustworthy"。第二個分句中that引導的是fact的同位語從句含櫻。
response的意思是「回答;反應」，常與介詞to連用。如：
He made no response to my question. 他沒有回答我的問題。
decide to do sth.的意思是「決定做某事」。如：
He decided to leave his job. 他決定離職。
offer sth. to sb.的意思是「為某人提供某物」。如：
They offered the opportunity to someone else. 他們把機會給別人了。
2.2021年12月英語四級閱讀理解長難句解析
Yale professor and Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute investigator Tian Xu directs a researchcenter focused on the genetics of humandisease at Shanghai's Fudan University, incollaboration with faculty colleagues from bothschools.
原文譯文：
耶魯大學教授、霍華德·休斯醫學研究所調查員許田在上海復巧旦旦大學指導一個主要研究人類疾病遺傳學的研究中心，同來自兩所學校的教員同事在那裡進行合作研究。
四級詞彙講解：
本句的主幹是Tian Xu directs center。Yale professor and Howard Hughes MedicalInsritute investigator為主語Tian Xu的定語;focused on the genetics of hwnan disease為research center的後置定語;at Shanghai's Fudan University為地點狀語;in collaborationwith…為狀語。
focus sth. on的意思是「使某物集中於」。如：
Please focus your mind on the following question.請集中注意力思考以下問題。
談寬叢in collaboration with的意思是「與……合作，協作」。如：
He wrote the book in collaboration with his sister.他和姐姐合作寫成此書。
英語四級考點歸納：
faculty有以下含義：
※「感官，天賦」。如：
She retained her mental faculties until the day she died.她直到臨終那天一直保持著思維能力。
※「才能，能力」。如：
The little girl has already got the faculty of understanding complex issues.那個小女孩已經具備了理解復雜問題的能力。
※「系，院」：如：
He is a professor of the Arts Faculty.他是文學院的教授。
※ 「全體教師」。如：
3.2021年12月英語四級閱讀理解長難句解析
The attempt to make up lost ground iswelcome, but the nation would be better servedby steady, predictable increases in sciencefunding at the rate of Tong-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percentper year.
原文譯文：
嘗試填補研究領域的空白是可喜的，但想要更好地服務國家，就應該使可預期的科學經費穩定地增長，增長速率要與長期國內生產總值增長速率同步，這相當於每年的通貨膨脹率再加上3%。
四級詞彙講解：
本句是由but連接的並列句，句子的主幹是attempt is welcome, but nation would be served。inscience funding為increases的後置定語，at the rate of long-term GDP growth是狀語;which引導的是the rate of long-term GDP growth的非限制性定語從句。
make up此處的意思是「彌補」。如：
You have to make up the time you wasted yesterday.你得把昨天浪費的時間補回來。
at the rate of的意思是「以……的速度或比率」。如：
The factory proced cars at the rate of 100 per week.工廠以每周100輛的速度生產汽車。
on the order of的意思是「相似於，大約」。如:
The impact of Internet market is on the order of the traditional market.互聯網市場的影響與傳統市場相似。
英語四級考點歸納：
make up除指「彌補」外，還有以下含義：
※ 「構成，組成」。如：
Those qualities make up his character.那些特質構成了他的性格。
※ 「捏造，虛構」。如：
How can you make up an excuse?你怎麼能編造借口呢?
※ 「放在一起」。如：
Mom made up a basket of food for the picnic.媽媽為野餐裝好了一籃子食物。
※ 「鋪(床)，支(床)」。如：
She made up the bed for the guest.她為客人鋪好了床。
※ 「補足，補齊。如：
I still need $1,000 to make up the sum required.我還需要1000美元才能補齊所需的數目。
③ 大學英語四級閱讀理解概述3
例6
One of the most important weapons used ring the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin（青黴素）saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia （肺炎）was responsible for 18% of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than 1%. In addition, penicillin was helpful in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected.
Q: What was the pneumonia death rate of all the deaths in the United States army ring the Second World War?
A) About 18%.
B) No more than 1%.
C) 1%.
D) About 17%.
該段短文中句子的邏輯功能可鏈鄭劃分如下：第一句為主題引介句。第二句「在戰時使用青黴素挽救了幾千條人命」，應為主題句。餘下三句為支撐主題的陳述細節的句子：
承接語for example提示，第三句為例解性的細節；第四句具有與之對比的含義，可視為同一細節；in addition是增補性的承接語，提示第五句為另一個細節。
顯然，答案為B），二戰其間美軍中死於肺炎的人「不到百分之一」，選項用了」no more than 」，等同於原文的「less than」。
3.1.3 區分事實和棚租頌看法(Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions)
事實是直接陳述的客觀事實，而看法則分為作者明說的型圓看法或暗指的意思兩種。
例 7
I remember thinking there was something absurdly melodramatic about screaming 「Help, help!」 at eight on a Tuesday evening in December and changing my plea to the more specific 「Help, let me in, please let me in!」 But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly, and I ran on until I heard Jeremy』s screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled.
The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats and helped Jeremy find his glasses and keys. In a group they were very brave. We waited for the cops to come until someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold, and I said politely, 「Please go and eat. We』re O.K.」
I was happy to see them go. -------
這兩段短文選自上外教出版社出版的《大學英語精讀》第二冊第七課《全靠運氣》。
文中講到作者某夜在住所附近遇到持槍歹徒，大聲呼救，而鄰居們卻裝聾作啞。待作者僥幸逃脫，歹徒亦逃去無蹤後，鄰居們才裝模作樣出來「幫忙」。
第一段中的「The houses were --- closed,」 是事實，而「The houses were cold, --- unfriendly,」 是作者的觀點。第二段的第一句「The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats---」是事實，而「In a group they were very brave.」是作者的觀點。還有，第二段的「--- someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold,」 也是事實，而第三段的「I was happy to see them go.」是作者的觀點。當然，這里指出的都是作者直白的觀點，而作者隱含的觀點是：鄰居們既懦弱、自私、和冷漠，又十分虛偽。
3.1.4 進行推論(Making Inferences)
在理解閱讀材料的主旨大意及抓住其重要細節時，還需具備獲得文章或句子所表達的隱含信息的能力，對所讀內容進行一定的引申和推理。往往可以從作者帶有感情色彩的語氣、措辭等文體特徵推斷出作者的觀點、態度、寫作目的、文章風格和基調。
例8
Worldwide fame burst upon Albert Einstein on November 7, 1919, when British astronomers announced they found the first confirmation of Einstein』s general relativity theory. Einstein had already become known in scientific circles because of his two astonishing theories: the special theory of relativity, published in 1905 when he was only 26 and a minor clerk in the Swiss patent（專利）office, and the general theory of relativity, advanced between 1913 and 1915. He was considered so brilliant by other scientists that in 1914 he was invited to join the famous Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences and to become head of the research branch at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. He accepted the offer and moved to Berlin.
Q: It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________.
A) is critical about Einstein
B) is indifferent to Einstein』s achievement
C) doesn』t think highly of Einstein
D) praises Einstein highly
本文簡略地記敘了愛因斯坦獲得學術成就和聲望的經歷。盡管短文沒有直接陳述作者對愛因斯坦的評論，但從某些記敘的措辭中仍可窺見作者對愛因斯坦的稱頌，如Worldwide fame burst upon---（---聲震全球），--- so brilliant--- that---（---才華橫溢---以致）等。由此可知，答案應為D），作者「高度評價愛因斯坦」。其餘三項均不合作者的態度。
3.1.5 作結論(Drawing Conclusions)
要根據上下文的邏輯關系，有理有據地推斷結論。結論應基於文章中的事實和證據，
而不是基於讀者自己的觀點和喜好。
④ 12月英語四級閱讀解析：矽谷之所以為矽谷
2015年12月英語四級閱讀解析：矽谷之所以為矽谷
2015年12月19日全國大學英語四級考試已結束，本次考試為多題多卷，以下是2015年12月英語四級閱讀解析：
首先，我們通過文章可以了解到，該篇閱讀的主要內容與之前四級考試所關注的閱讀文章的`主題類似，也是關於科技話題的。在這篇文章中，作者主要闡釋了矽谷之所以成為矽谷的不可替代和復制性。主要原因為：(1)rich people;(2)nerds。是這兩個原因成就了矽谷。文章中，作者拿矽谷和邁阿密、康奈爾及波士頓進行了對比，總結得出：其他的三個城市之所以不能成為矽谷第二的原因。
接下來，我們就第一篇閱讀的答案選項和各位同學一起分享下：
第56題，what do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage? 這道題目直接可以定位到文中的第一段中：Could you please reproce Silicon Valley elsewhere， or is there something unique about it? 然後在下文中，作者又進一步的指出了矽谷不可代替性的原因。所以答案選項為：Its success is hard to anywhere else
第57題，what makes Miami unfit to proce a Silicon Valley? 這道題目可以定位到原文中的第五段，文中直接指出：it has few nerds。 It is not the kind of place nerds like。 這樣就可以直接選出：Lack of the right kind of talents。
第58題，In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford， Berkeley and MIT? 根據題干信息，我們可以直接定位到文中的第六和七段：the weather is terrible， particular in winter， and there ‘s no interesting old city to make up for it， as there is in Boston。 所以選項很明了：Its location is not as attractive to rich people
第59題，what does the author imply about Boston? 這道題的關鍵就在於the weather is terrible， particular in winter， and there ‘s no interesting old city to make up for it， as there is in Boston中的as一詞，這里as 後引導的是 there is no interesting old city to make up for it in Boston。所以正確選項為：what does the author59.It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds
say about startup investors? 這道題在文中定位到最後一段：startup investors are a distinct 。。。。。。as well as money。 這樣該題正確選項為：They can do more than providing money
希望以上答案能夠給各位考生提供參考幫助，且預祝各位考生考試成功。
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