英語倒裝句在閱讀中應用
『壹』 英語中的倒裝句及用法
在英語中,我們把主語在前謂語動詞在後的句子叫陳述句,把謂語動詞放在主語前面的句子叫倒裝句。如果全部謂語放在主語之前,叫完全倒裝;如果只把助動詞或情態動詞放在主語之前就叫部分倒裝。
I. 完全倒裝
1. 用於 there be 句型。
如 There are some students in the classroom.教室里有幾位學生。
There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.教室的前面有一棵大樹。
2. 用於「 here ( there, now, then )+不及物動詞+主語」的句型中,或以 in, out, up, down, away 等副詞開頭的句子里,以表示強調。
如: Here comes the bus. 汽車來了。
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
Now comes your turn. 現在輪到你了。
Out went the children. 孩子們出去了。
注意:
( 1 )主語是代詞時,主語和謂語不倒裝。
( 2 ) here , there 放在句首通常用一般現在時。
Here it is. 給你。(你要的東西在這兒。)
Here he comes. 他來了。
3. 當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞片語時,也常將其全部倒裝。
如South of the city lies a big steel factory.城市南邊有一家大型鋼廠。
From the valley came a frightening sound.山谷里傳來了可怕的聲音
4. 表語置於句首時,倒裝結構為「表語+連系動詞+主語」:
( 1 )形容詞+連系動詞+主語
Present at the meeting were Mr Li, Mr Wang and many other teachers.出席會議的有李老師、王老師和其他很多老師。
( 2 )過去分詞+連系動詞+主語
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
我們使用洋油的日子一去不復返了。
( 3 )介詞短語+ be +主語
Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.在所有的貨物中有書、練習冊、鋼筆和其他東西。
5. 用於 so, neither , nor 開頭的句子,表示重復前句的部分內容。原句的謂語應與前句的謂語的時態、形式相一致。
如: He has been to Canada. So have I.他去過加拿大,我也去過。
You can't speak French. Neither can she. 你不會說法語,她也不會
6. 為了保持句子平衡,或為了強調表語或狀語,或是上下文緊密銜接時。
如: They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river.他們來到一個小村莊,村莊前面是條大河。
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.
在金字塔裡面有埋葬國王和王後的墓室。
II. 部分倒裝
1. 用於疑問句。
如: Do they work in the factory?他們在這家工廠上班嗎?
2. 用於省略的虛擬條件狀語從句。
如: Had I seen him yesterday wouldn't go to his house now.
如果我昨天見到他了,我現在就不去他家了。
3. 用於「形容詞(或名詞、動詞) +as ( though )」引導的讓步狀語從句中。例如: Young as he is , he knows a lot.
他雖然很年輕,但知道很多。
Try as he would, he might failed again.
他雖然可以試試,可能還會失敗。
注意:如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前無形容詞時,不用冠詞;若有形容詞要用冠詞。
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
他雖是個孩子,但得糊口。
A bad -tempered man as Mr Chen is, he loves us deeply.
陳老師脾氣不好,但他深深地愛著我們。
4. 用於 no sooner … than … , hardly … when 和 not until 等句型。
例如: No sooner had I come in, the telephone rang.
我剛進屋,電話鈴就響了。
Not until 12 did he go to sleep.直到 12 點他才入睡。
5. 用於 never, hardly , seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time, not only 等開頭的句子。
Never shall I do this again. 我絕不會再做此事。
Seldom does he come late. 他很少遲到。
6. 用於「 only +狀語」開頭的句子。
Only in the way can we learn English well.
只有這樣我們才能學好英語。
Only then did he know he was wrong.
直到那時他才知道他錯了。
7. 用於「 so +形容詞 / 副詞」放在句首的 so … that 句子。
例如: So young is the boy that he can't join the army.
這孩子沒到參軍的年齡。
So fast is he running that he can keep up with the bike.
他跑得快得能跟上自行車。
『貳』 英語語法的倒裝句的應用場所
英語句子的倒裝一是由於語法結構的需要而進行的倒裝,二是由於修辭的需要而進行的倒裝。前一種情況,倒裝是必須的,否則就會出現語法錯誤;後一種情況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會產生表達效果上的差異。下面本文就擬從其修辭功能談談倒裝句的用法。
一、 表示強調
二、 承上啟下
三、 製造懸念,渲染氣氛
四、 平衡結構
五、 使描寫生動
倒裝是英語中一個重要的修辭手段。倒裝句的使用豐富了我們的語言表達,了解並掌握倒裝句各種句式的用法 , 不僅會提高我們對英語語言的欣賞能力 , 對英語表達能力的提高也將大有裨益。因此,寫作中適當用一些倒裝句式定會使文章表達更生動、有力。
English sentence invert one be carried on because of need of the grammar structure, invert, second, what carried on because of need of the rhetoric was inverted. The first kind of situation, it is necessary to invert, will present the grammar mistake otherwise; The last kind of situation, it is alternative to invert, inverting will only proce the difference expressed on the result or not. The following this text plans to talk about the usage containing one upside down from its function of rhetoric. First, express emphasis two, form a connecting link three, make suspense, play up four atmosphere, equilibrate five structure, make it it inverts to be one important rhetorical devices in the English vividly not to describe. The use containing one enriches our language expression, understand and grasp the usage containing a various sentences type upside down, not only will raise our ability of appreciating to English language, the improvement of ability to express of English will be also of great advantage. So writing appropriate to can make article to be expression vivid with some inversion sentence type effective definitely.
『叄』 英語中的倒裝句怎麼用
英語倒裝句的用法
倒裝(Inversion)是一種語法手段,用以表示一定句子結構的需要和強調某一句子
成分的需要。英語的最基本結構是主、謂結構,倒裝就是將這種比較固定的結構
加以顛倒。
倒裝有兩種:將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,叫做完全倒裝(Complete
Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.
只將助動詞(包括情態動詞)移至主語之前,叫做部分倒裝(Partial
Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.
英語句子的倒裝一是由於語法結構的需要而進行的倒裝,二是由於修辭的需
要而進行的倒裝。前一種情況,倒裝是必須的,否則就會出現語法錯誤;後一種情
況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會產生表達效果上的差異。下面本文就擬從其修
辭功能談談倒裝句的用法。
一、 表示強調:
倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強調,其表現形式如下:
1. only +狀語或狀語從句置於句首,句子用部分倒裝。
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法,你
才可以解決這個問題。
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had
made a big mistake.只有當他已經說出那個字後才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。
2. not,little,hardly,scarcely,no more,no longer,in no
way,never,seldom,not only,no sooner等具有否定意義的詞或片語位於句首,句
子用部分倒裝。
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我剛到家就下
起了雨。
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班。
3. so / such...that結構中的so或such位於句首可以構成部分倒裝句,表示
強調so /such和that之間的部分。
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要
價太離譜,令每個人都瞠目結舌。
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors
walked out. 她的綵排進行得那麼長,以致於那兩個演員都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒裝語序突出了句首成分,其語氣較自然語序強烈,因而具有極
佳的修辭效果。
二、 承上啟下
有時倒裝可把前一句說到的人或物,或與前一句有聯系的人或物在下一句緊
接著先說出來,從而使前後兩句在意思上的關系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承
上啟下的作用。
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying
on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他們破門進入她
叔叔的卧室,發現他躺在地板上死了。一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上。
例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we
are, and paupers we shall remain. 我們確實不應因為被稱作窮光蛋而憤憤不
平。我們的確是窮光蛋,而且還會繼續是窮光蛋。
三、 製造懸念,渲染氣氛
在新聞或文學創作中,有時為了內容的需要,或是為了強調,作者常常運用倒
裝來製造懸念,渲染氣氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 牆上掛著一幅精美的圖
畫。
再如朗費羅(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一節:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在這一節詩里 ,詩人就富有創意地運用了倒裝。在前五行中 ,詩人堆砌了七
個狀語,狀語連續出現而主語和謂語卻遲遲未露 ,造成一種懸念效應。全節讀
罷 ,讀者才對詩歌的主題恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡響的藝術效果。
四、 平衡結構
英語修辭的一個重要原則是尾重原則,即把句子最復雜的成分放在句尾以保
持句子平衡。在語言使用中為了避免產生頭重腳輕、結構不平衡的句子,我們常
採用倒裝語序。
1. 以作狀語的介詞短語開頭:當主語較長或主語所帶修飾語較長時,為了使
句子平衡,常將狀語置於句首,句子用完全倒裝語序。
例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with
orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders
from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一個連隊的解放軍戰士來到了那座煤礦,奉司令部之命解救受困的礦工。
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
地上放著一些空調,等著用船運到其他城市去。
從例句中可看出, 採用倒裝語序的A句結構平衡穩妥 ,讀起來自然流暢,而采
用自然語序的B句結構零亂, 讀起來也別扭。因而,在主語較長時就應採用倒裝語
序以取得理想的表達效果。
2. 以表語開頭的句子:有時為了把較長的主語放在後面,須將表語和謂語都
提到主語前。如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我們將來的家就是這個樣子。
3. 以副詞here , there開頭的句子,也採用完全倒裝來保持句子平衡。如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的
信在這兒。
五、 使描寫生動
有時為了使敘述或描繪更加生動形象,增加語言效果,可將表示方向的副詞
(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或擬聲詞(bang, crack等)置於句
首,句子採用全部倒裝的語序(主語為人稱代詞的句子除外)。如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一聲火箭就飛上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman
pointed his pistol at him. 當警察把手槍瞄準那個罪犯時,嘭地一下他就從三
樓跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon! 轟隆一聲大炮開火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一聲槍響!
以上句子簡潔明快 ,生動逼真地描述了有關動作 ,令我們一覽此類倒裝的風
采。但這種倒裝句的修辭功能在語段中可以體現得更為清楚。
「Stop thief! Stop thief!」 There is a magic cry in the sound.
The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell,
helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
「Stop thief ! Stop thief !」 The cry is taking by a hundred
voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the
window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分別用副詞away, up和out位於句首引出四個倒裝
句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the
people。從而製造出一種緊張、急促的氣氛 ,生動地刻畫了一個緊張、混亂的捉賊場面。
『肆』 英語倒裝句怎麼用
英語倒裝句的用法
類型
1)部分倒裝---- 助動詞\情態動詞+主語+謂語的實義動詞型 2)全倒裝---- 謂語+主語型 在以下結構中用全倒裝
此結構通常只用與一般現在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有:
1.在there be或者There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….) 句型中;
如There are thousands of people on the square. Thousands of people are there on the square. There lived an old fisherman in the village. 原語序:An old fisherman lived there in the village. There stands a little girl. 正常語序:A little girl stands there.
2.在「here, there, now, thus, then+動詞+主語」的句子中,(謂語動詞為be, go, come, lie, run等,主語為名詞);
如: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave. Here comes a bus= A bus comes here.
3.在「out\ in, up\ down, off\away,in the distance,on the hill,round the corner」等表示方向性的副詞或表示地點的介詞片語位於句首,且主語又是名詞,謂語是表示運動的動詞。 Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.
Out rushed the children.. Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books. ☆注意:主語必須是名詞
eg: Out she went.There they are. Here he comes. 而Out went the girl. Here comes the boy. *4.有時為了強調表語,構成「表語+連系動詞+主語」結構; eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader. =She who was chosen to be a leader is lucky.
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon! The days when women were looked down upon are gone! *5、在某些表示願望的感嘆句,全倒裝。
Long live the People's Republic of China! May you be happy. 在以下結構中用部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞,則需添加助動詞do, does或did,並將其置於主語之前。
1.含有否定或半否定意義的詞語(如:not,never,seldom,hardly,little,scarcely,barely,few…);或者含有否定意義的連詞(not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner had…than...(一。。。就。。。), scarely..than.., Hardly had when.., not until...;nowher等);或否定意義的介詞片語(by no means(決不),in no case\way(任何情況下都不),with no method, at no time(決不), on no account(決不),under no circumstances\condition...(任何情況下都不))位於句首eg: I have never seen him before.=Never have I seen him before.
Not a word did he say when he left. Seldom/Scarecely does he go to that park. Hardly(幾乎不。。。) do I speak to him. Little English can he speak.Little does he realize the importance of the meeting. Few people did I see in the street. 含有否定意義的連詞:
eg:1)Not only can he play basketball, but also I can. 2)No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain. 3)Hardly had we met our friends when the train left.
4)Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.(主句倒裝,從句不倒裝) =The mother didn』t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.
注意:1)Not only...but also...必須連接兩個分句時,才使用部分倒裝。而且只倒裝not only後的分句。如果連接的是兩個並列詞語,不用倒裝結構。如:Not only his father but also I like reading. 2)Hardly...when..., Scarcely...than..., No sooner...than...意義基本相同,它們連接的句子,都只倒裝前一個分句,及「前倒後不倒(裝)」。
3)當not until(直到。。。才)引導主從復合句時,主句倒裝,從句不用倒裝,或者可以理解為「後倒前不倒(裝)」。 含有否定意義的介詞片語:
如:By no means should we tell lies. On no account should we let him leave.
At no time決不will I get married to you. In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him. 注意:in no time(立即,馬上)位於句首時,其後無需用倒裝語序: In no time he worked out the problem. 他馬上就算出了那道題。 2.only+副詞;或介詞短語;或狀語從句時,主句倒裝;
eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well. (only+介詞短語) Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.(only+副詞) Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.(only+狀語從句)
3.so用在句首,表示另一主語「也。。。樣」時,用「So + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)+主語」結構;而表示另一主語「也不。。。樣」時,用「Nor\Neither + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)+主語」結構;注意:若是對上文同一主語的情況進行肯定時,不倒裝。句型為「So+主語+be或do(did)/have 」。
eg:He went to school yesterday, so did I.
---David has made great progress recently. --So he has, and so have you.
eg:He hasn't finished his homework, and nor have I. eg : If you won't go, neither/nor will I. 4.as 作「盡管/雖然」,引導讓步狀語從句(as可以換成though),由於語法需要,需要部分倒裝。 eg: Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒裝後,最高級前不用冠詞) Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒裝後,單數名詞前不用a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒裝後,實義動詞提前,在主語後添加助動詞。) Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.(副詞提到句首)
注意:though位於句首引導讓步狀語從句時,可以倒裝,也可以不倒裝。但as引導讓步狀語從句時,必須使用倒裝。否則就變成了原因狀語從句。eg:As he is too young, he couldn't go to school.
5.在」so…that…」和」such…that…」引導的結果狀語從句中,當so和such位於句首時,用」so\such + adj + 主語+謂語」;
eg: So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it.
=The exam was so difficult that most of the students failed to pass it.
6.若if 引導的虛擬條件句中有were, had, should 時, 可將if省略,把were, had , should 放在句首。1) Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.=If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball. 2)Had I prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job. If I had prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.
3) Were he to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the airport. =If he were to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the airport
『伍』 英語中倒裝句的用法
英語語法 倒裝
在英語中,主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前,謂語在後。但有時由於語法或修辭的需要將謂語的部分或全部提到主語前面,這樣的語序叫做「倒裝「
倒裝的種類:部分倒裝---- 助動詞\情態動詞+主語+謂語的實義動詞
全部倒裝---- 謂語+主語
一. 在特殊句型中:
1.在疑問句中:
eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer?
2.在感嘆句中:
eg: How happy they are! What fun it is!
3.在虛擬條件句中:
eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=……
Had I known it earlier, I wouldn』t have lent him the money.
Long live peace! May our friendship be everlasting!
4.直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時;
eg: 「You should have been here earlier,」 said the teacher.
「You,」 said his father, 「do the housework.」二. 在以下結構中用全部倒裝:
1.在there be句型中;
eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square.
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
2.在「here, there, now, thus, then+動詞+主語」的句子中,(動詞為be, go, come等);
eg: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave.
3.在「out\ in, up\ down, off\away」以及表示地點的介詞片語位於句首時;
eg: Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.
Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books.
注意:若主語是人稱代詞,則用正常語序---- adv.+主語+謂語;
eg: Out she went. Here we are.
4.有時為了強調表語,構成「表語+連系動詞+主語」結構;
eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!
在以下結構中用部分倒裝:
1.含有否定意義的adv或conj(not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only, by no means等)位於句首時;
eg: He cannot speak an English word.----Not an English word can he speak.
I have never seen him before.----Never ……
The mother didn』t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.----Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
注意:not until引導的句子,主句倒裝,從句不用倒裝。
2.only位於句首,且修飾狀語時,主句倒裝;
eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well.
只有意識到這門課的重要,我們才能學好它。
Only she can settle this problem.(T\F?)
3.so用在句首,表示另一主語「也」時,用「So + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)+主語」結構(有時也用as替代);若表示另一主語「也不」時,用「Nor\Neither + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)+主語」結構;
eg: She has been to Heifei. So have we.
It is cold today. So it is.(T\F?)
She won』t accept that invitation. Neither\Nor will he.
注意:(1)「So + 主語 + be(have,助動詞或情態動詞)」表示對前面所說的話加以肯定,譯為「的確如此」;
(2)若前面所說的既有肯定又有否定,或前後的謂語動詞形式不一致,用「It is the same with + 主語」或「So it is with + 主語」;
eg: He worked hard, but didn』t pass the exam. So it was with his sister.
She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with him.
4.在」as (盡管)」引導的讓步狀語從句中;(可以換成though)
eg: Shortest though she is, she is the richest.(最高級前不用冠詞)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(單數名詞前不用a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(動詞提前,助動詞留在原位)
Hard as he tried, he couldn』t pass the exam.(副詞提前)
5.在」so…that…」和」such…that…」句型中的so和such位於句首時,用」so\such + adj + 主語+謂語」;eg: So difficult was the exam that more than a half of the students failed.
『陸』 英語倒裝句的講解與應用
倒裝有兩種:
將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,叫做完全倒裝(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.
只將助動詞(包括情態動詞)移至主語之前,叫做部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.
英語句子的倒裝一是由於語法結構的需要而進行的倒裝,二是由於修辭的需要而進行的倒裝。前一種情況,倒裝是必須的,否則就會出現語法錯誤;後一種情況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會產生表達效果上的差異 一、 表示強調:
倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強調,其表現形式如下:
1. only +狀語或狀語從句置於句首,句子用部分倒裝。
eg.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個問題。
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意義的詞或片語位於句首,句子用部分倒裝。
eg. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班。
3. so / such...that結構中的so或such位於句首可以構成部分倒裝句,表示強調so /such和that之間的部分。
eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的綵排進行得那麼長,以致於那兩個演員都走出去了。
二、 承上啟下
有時倒裝可把前一句說到的人或物,或與前一句有聯系的人或物在下一句緊接著先說出來,從而使前後兩句在意思上的關系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承上啟下的作用。
eg. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我們確實不應因為被稱作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋,而且還會繼續是窮光蛋。
三、 製造懸念,渲染氣氛
在新聞或文學創作中,有時為了內容的需要,或是為了強調,作者常常運用倒裝來製造懸念,渲染氣氛。如:Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 牆上掛著一幅精美的圖畫。
四、 平衡結構
英語修辭的一個重要原則是尾重原則,即把句子最復雜的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在語言使用中為了避免產生頭重腳輕、結構不平衡的句子,我們常採用倒裝語序。
1. 以作狀語的介詞短語開頭:當主語較長或主語所帶修飾語較長時,為了使句子平衡,常將狀語置於句首,句子用完全倒裝語序。
eg.A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一個連隊的解放軍戰士來到了那座煤礦,奉司令部之命解救受困的礦工。
2. 以表語開頭的句子:有時為了把較長的主語放在後面,須將表語和謂語都提到主語前。
eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我們將來的家就是這個樣子。
3. 以副詞here , there開頭的句子,也採用完全倒裝來保持句子平衡。
eg.Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在這兒。
五、 使描寫生動
有時為了使敘述或描繪更加生動形象,增加語言效果,可將表示方向的副詞(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或擬聲詞(bang, crack等)置於句首,句子採用全部倒裝的語序(主語為人稱代詞的句子除外)。
eg.Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 當警察把手槍瞄準那個罪犯時,嘭地一下他就從三樓跳了下去。
『柒』 英語中的倒裝句怎麼用
英語倒裝句的用法
倒裝(Inversion)是一種語法手段,用以表示一定句子結構的需要和強調某一句子
成分的需要.英語的最基本結構是主、謂結構,倒裝就是將這種比較固定的結構
加以顛倒.
倒裝有兩種:將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,叫做完全倒裝(Complete
Inversion).如:In came a man with a white beard.
只將助動詞(包括情態動詞)移至主語之前,叫做部分倒裝(Partial
Inversion).如:Only once was John late to class.
英語句子的倒裝一是由於語法結構的需要而進行的倒裝,二是由於修辭的需
要而進行的倒裝.前一種情況,倒裝是必須的,否則就會出現語法錯誤;後一種情
況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會產生表達效果上的差異.下面本文就擬從其修
辭功能談談倒裝句的用法.
一、 表示強調:
倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強調,其表現形式如下:
1. only +狀語或狀語從句置於句首,句子用部分倒裝.
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法,你
才可以解決這個問題.
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had
made a big mistake.只有當他已經說出那個字後才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤.
2. not,little,hardly,scarcely,no more,no longer,in no
way,never,seldom,not only,no sooner等具有否定意義的詞或片語位於句首,句
子用部分倒裝.
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我剛到家就下
起了雨.
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班.
3. so / such...that結構中的so或such位於句首可以構成部分倒裝句,表示
強調so /such和that之間的部分.
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要
價太離譜,令每個人都瞠目結舌.
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors
walked out. 她的綵排進行得那麼長,以致於那兩個演員都走出去了.
以上各例都用倒裝語序突出了句首成分,其語氣較自然語序強烈,因而具有極
佳的修辭效果.
二、 承上啟下
有時倒裝可把前一句說到的人或物,或與前一句有聯系的人或物在下一句緊
接著先說出來,從而使前後兩句在意思上的關系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承
上啟下的作用.
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying
on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他們破門進入她
叔叔的卧室,發現他躺在地板上死了.一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上.
例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we
are, and paupers we shall remain. 我們確實不應因為被稱作窮光蛋而憤憤不
平.我們的確是窮光蛋,而且還會繼續是窮光蛋.
三、 製造懸念,渲染氣氛
在新聞或文學創作中,有時為了內容的需要,或是為了強調,作者常常運用倒
裝來製造懸念,渲染氣氛.如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 牆上掛著一幅精美的圖
畫.
再如朗費羅(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一節:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在這一節詩里 ,詩人就富有創意地運用了倒裝.在前五行中 ,詩人堆砌了七
個狀語,狀語連續出現而主語和謂語卻遲遲未露 ,造成一種懸念效應.全節讀
罷 ,讀者才對詩歌的主題恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡響的藝術效果.
四、 平衡結構
英語修辭的一個重要原則是尾重原則,即把句子最復雜的成分放在句尾以保
持句子平衡.在語言使用中為了避免產生頭重腳輕、結構不平衡的句子,我們常
採用倒裝語序.
1. 以作狀語的介詞短語開頭:當主語較長或主語所帶修飾語較長時,為了使
句子平衡,常將狀語置於句首,句子用完全倒裝語序.
例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with
orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders
from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一個連隊的解放軍戰士來到了那座煤礦,奉司令部之命解救受困的礦工.
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
地上放著一些空調,等著用船運到其他城市去.
從例句中可看出, 採用倒裝語序的A句結構平衡穩妥 ,讀起來自然流暢,而采
用自然語序的B句結構零亂, 讀起來也別扭.因而,在主語較長時就應採用倒裝語
序以取得理想的表達效果.
2. 以表語開頭的句子:有時為了把較長的主語放在後面,須將表語和謂語都
提到主語前.如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我們將來的家就是這個樣子.
3. 以副詞here , there開頭的句子,也採用完全倒裝來保持句子平衡.如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的
信在這兒.
五、 使描寫生動
有時為了使敘述或描繪更加生動形象,增加語言效果,可將表示方向的副詞
(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或擬聲詞(bang, crack等)置於句
首,句子採用全部倒裝的語序(主語為人稱代詞的句子除外).如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一聲火箭就飛上天了.
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman
pointed his pistol at him. 當警察把手槍瞄準那個罪犯時,嘭地一下他就從三
樓跳了下去.
Boom went the cannon! 轟隆一聲大炮開火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一聲槍響!
以上句子簡潔明快 ,生動逼真地描述了有關動作 ,令我們一覽此類倒裝的風
采.但這種倒裝句的修辭功能在語段中可以體現得更為清楚.
「Stop thief! Stop thief!」 There is a magic cry in the sound.
The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell,
helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
「Stop thief ! Stop thief !」 The cry is taking by a hundred
voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the
window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分別用副詞away, up和out位於句首引出四個倒裝
句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the
people.從而製造出一種緊張、急促的氣氛 ,生動地刻畫了一個緊張、混亂的捉賊場面.
『捌』 英語文學中的倒裝句
英語倒裝句用法淺析
倒裝(Inversion)是一種語法手段,用以表示一定句子結構的需要和強調某一句子成分的需要。英語的最基本結構是主、謂結構,倒裝就是將這種比較固定的結構加以顛倒。
倒裝有兩種:將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,叫做完全倒裝(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.
只將助動詞(包括情態動詞)移至主語之前,叫做部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.
英語句子的倒裝一是由於語法結構的需要而進行的倒裝,二是由於修辭的需要而進行的倒裝。前一種情況,倒裝是必須的,否則就會出現語法錯誤;後一種情況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會產生表達效果上的差異。下面本文就擬從其修辭功能談談倒裝句的用法。
一、 表示強調:
倒裝句最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強調,其表現形式如下:
1. only +狀語或狀語從句置於句首,句子用部分倒裝。
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個問題。
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有當他已經說出那個字後才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意義的詞或片語位於句首,句子用部分倒裝。
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我剛到家就下起了雨。
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班。
3. so / such...that結構中的so或such位於句首可以構成部分倒裝句,表示強調so /such和that之間的部分。
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要價太離譜,令每個人都瞠目結舌。
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的綵排進行得那麼長,以致於那兩個演員都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒裝語序突出了句首成分,其語氣較自然語序強烈,因而具有極佳的修辭效果。
二、 承上啟下
有時倒裝可把前一句說到的人或物,或與前一句有聯系的人或物在下一句緊接著先說出來,從而使前後兩句在意思上的關系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承上啟下的作用。
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他們破門進入她叔叔的卧室,發現他躺在地板上死了。一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上。
例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我們確實不應因為被稱作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋,而且還會繼續是窮光蛋。
三、 製造懸念,渲染氣氛
在新聞或文學創作中,有時為了內容的需要,或是為了強調,作者常常運用倒裝來製造懸念,渲染氣氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 牆上掛著一幅精美的圖畫。
再如朗費羅(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一節:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在這一節詩里 ,詩人就富有創意地運用了倒裝。在前五行中 ,詩人堆砌了七個狀語,狀語連續出現而主語和謂語卻遲遲未露 ,造成一種懸念效應。全節讀罷 ,讀者才對詩歌的主題恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡響的藝術效果。
四、 平衡結構
英語修辭的一個重要原則是尾重原則,即把句子最復雜的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在語言使用中為了避免產生頭重腳輕、結構不平衡的句子,我們常採用倒裝語序。
1. 以作狀語的介詞短語開頭:當主語較長或主語所帶修飾語較長時,為了使句子平衡,常將狀語置於句首,句子用完全倒裝語序。
例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一個連隊的解放軍戰士來到了那座煤礦,奉司令部之命解救受困的礦工。
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放著一些空調,等著用船運到其他城市去。
從例句中可看出, 採用倒裝語序的A句結構平衡穩妥 ,讀起來自然流暢,而採用自然語序的B句結構零亂, 讀起來也別扭。因而,在主語較長時就應採用倒裝語序以取得理想的表達效果。
2. 以表語開頭的句子:有時為了把較長的主語放在後面,須將表語和謂語都提到主語前。如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我們將來的家就是這個樣子。
3. 以副詞here , there開頭的句子,也採用完全倒裝來保持句子平衡。如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在這兒。
五、 使描寫生動
有時為了使敘述或描繪更加生動形象,增加語言效果,可將表示方向的副詞(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或擬聲詞(bang, crack等)置於句首,句子採用全部倒裝的語序(主語為人稱代詞的句子除外)。如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一聲火箭就飛上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 當警察把手槍瞄準那個罪犯時,嘭地一下他就從三樓跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon! 轟隆一聲大炮開火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一聲槍響!
以上句子簡潔明快 ,生動逼真地描述了有關動作 ,令我們一覽此類倒裝的風采。但這種倒裝句的修辭功能在語段中可以體現得更為清楚。
「Stop thief! Stop thief!」 There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
「Stop thief ! Stop thief !」 The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分別用副詞away, up和out位於句首引出四個倒裝句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。從而製造出一種緊張、急促的氣氛 ,生動地刻畫了一個緊張、混亂的捉賊場面。
倒裝是英語中一個重要的修辭手段。倒裝句的使用豐富了我們的語言表達,了解並掌握倒裝句各種句式的用法 , 不僅會提高我們對英語語言的欣賞能力 , 對英語表達能力的提高也將大有裨益。因此,寫作中適當用一些倒裝句式定會使文章表達更生動、有力。
『玖』 高中英語倒裝句用法
英語倒裝句12種類型
2019-04-30 11:30:31
文/董玉瑩
倒裝句:英語最基本的語序是主語在前,謂語動詞在後。但有時由於句子結構的需要或表示強調,就要採用倒裝形式。
1完全倒裝
1. 用於 there be 句型.
2. 用於「 here ( there, now, then )+不及物動詞+主語」的句型中,或以 in, out, up, down, away 等副詞開頭的句子里,以表示強調.
注意:
( 1 )主語是代詞時,主語和謂語不倒裝.
( 2 ) here , there 放在句首通常用一般現在時.
3. 當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞片語.
4. 表語置於句首時,倒裝結構為「表語+連系動詞+主語」:
( 1 )形容詞+連系動詞+主語
Present at the meeting were Mr Li, Mr Wang and many other teachers.
出席會議的有李老師、王老師和其他很多老師.
( 2 )過去分詞+連系動詞+主語
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
我們使用洋油的日子一去不復返了.
( 3 )介詞短語+ be +主語
Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.
在所有的貨物中有書、練習冊、鋼筆和其他東西.
5. 用於 so, neither , nor 開頭的句子,表示重復前句的部分內容.原句的謂語應與前句的謂語的時態、形式相一致.
例如:You can't speak French. Neither can she.
你不會說法語,她也不會.
6. 為了保持句子平衡,或為了強調表語或狀語,或是上下文緊密銜接時.
例如: They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river.
他們來到一個小村莊,村莊前面是條大河.
2部分倒裝
1. 否定副詞位於句首時的倒裝
在正式文體中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有
『拾』 英語倒裝句怎麼用什麼時候用
英語句子表達的基本語序是「主語+謂語」.但在實際應用中,因語法結構的需要,或是為了強調,常把謂語移到主語之前,稱為倒裝.
英語的倒裝結構有兩種,其中較為常見的是部分倒裝,即謂語的一部分移到主語之前.
如:Only when the war was over could he begin to work again.
只有在戰爭結束後他才能夠重新開始工作.
另一種倒裝是完全倒裝結構,即把謂語的全部都移到主語之前.如:
1.Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了.
2.「But what the child said is true.」 said the father.「可是孩子的話是對的.」父親說.
下面詳細歸納幾種常用的倒裝結構.
一、幾種常見的部分倒裝結構:
1.Only+狀語或者狀語從句放在句首.如:
Only in this way can we improve our English.只有這樣,我們才能提高英語水平.
Only after you left did l find this bag.只是在你離開以後我才發現這只提包.
2.含否定意義並修飾全句的詞放在句首.如:not,little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等等.如:
1)Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班.
2)Never shall I forget it. 我永遠不會忘記這件事.
3)No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我剛一到家,天就開始下雨.
3.So放在句首,跟在一個肯定句之後,表示前面所述內容也適用於另一人或物.如:
1)l like travelling.So does he.我喜歡旅行,他也喜歡.
2)Her father is a doctor.So is her mother.她父親是位醫生,她母親也是.
3)He has been to Beijing twice.So have I.他去過北京兩次,我也去過兩次.
4.Neither,nor或no more放在句首,作「也不」講,跟在一個否定句之後,表示前面所述內容也適用於另一人或物.例如:
1)My teacher didn't agree with him.Nor did I.老師不同意他的意見,我也不同意.
2)I'm not interested in maths.Neither is he.我對數學不感興趣,他也同樣.
註:當前面陳述句有兩個以上不同類型的謂語動詞時,如be,do或can等等,或者既有肯定式又有否定式時,如have和hasn't等等,不能單獨使用so或者neither/nor,而應換用另外的句型結構:
A:So it is with…;
B:It is the same with….請見例句:
1)—I like chicken, but I don't like fish. ——我喜歡吃雞肉,但不喜歡吃魚.
—So it is with me. ——我也如此.
2)Tom is an American,but lives in China,it is the same with Jack.
湯姆是美國人,但他住在中國.傑克也如此.
5.副詞often,短語many a time,或者so修飾形容詞或副詞、位於句首時.例如:
1) So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment.
在這次事故中他傷得很重,被送進醫院治療.
2)So hard does he work that he has no time to spare for travelling.
他那麼努力工作,抽不出時間去旅行.
6.虛擬條件句省略if時,將were,should或had移到主語之前.如:
1)Should it rain,all the crops would be saved.若是下雨的話,莊稼就都得救了.
2)Were my teacher here,he would give some good advice.
我的老師如果在這兒,他會提些好建議的.
3)Hadn't it been for his help,we wouldn't have finished the work in time.
若非有他幫忙,我們就不能及時完成工作.
7.以May…或Long live…開頭的某些表示祝願的用語.如:
1)May God bless you.願上帝保佑你!
2)May you succeed!祝你成功!
3)Long live the people's Republic of China!
8.由as though引導的表示「雖然」,「盡管」的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序時,把從句的表語或狀語等放在as/though的前面.例如:
1) Young as/though she was, she could work out that problem alone.
雖然她很小,但她卻能獨自解出那道難題.
2)Child as/though he is, he is very brave.盡管他是個孩子,但他卻非常勇敢.
注意:如果從句中的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞.
二、幾種常見的完全倒裝結構
1.there be句型:有時該句型中也可用其他表示存在意義的動詞代替be.如:live,remain,come,stand,go,lie,exist等等.
1)There is a lamp and two cups on the table.桌上有一盞燈和兩只杯子.
2)There used to be a shop around the corner.拐角處過去有一家商店.
3)Once upon a time there lived six blind men in a village in India.
從前在印度的一個村子裡住著六位盲人.
2.主語必須是名詞由here,there now, then等詞開頭的句子.如:
1)Here are some interesting stories for you to read這兒有些有趣的故事給你讀.
2)There goes the bell.鈴聲響了.
3.表示方位的介詞、副詞放在句首.如:out,in,up,down,away等詞.但應注意:句子的主語應是名詞,若主語是代詞,則不能倒裝.如:
1)Out rushed the soldiers. 戰士們沖了出去.
2)Away went the boy. 那男孩走開了.
請比較:
3)Away he went.他走開了.
4)Here he comes.他來了.
4.為了保持句子平衡,強調表語和狀語,使句子上下緊密銜接.如:
1)At the entrance of the valley stood an old pine tree.
在峽谷的入口處聳立著一棵古老的松柏.
2)Round the corner came a motorcycle. 一輛摩托車從拐角處轉了過來.
5.直接引語位於句首.如:
1)「I love you ,」whispered John. 「我愛你.」約翰悄悄地說道.
2)「Help!Help!」cried the boy in the water. 水中的男孩大聲呼喊著「救命啊!」
倒裝結構是語言的一種表達形式,除了上述各種情況需要倒裝以外,還有些被強調部分也常常可以提到句首,形成倒裝.例如:
This they kept for themselves.這東西他們就據為己有了.
因此,如果正確使用倒裝結構,可以使語言表達平地生輝.