介紹印度的禮儀用英語怎麼說
India (/ˈɪndiə/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: भारत गणराज्य Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west;[note] Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometres (4,700 mi).
Home to the ancient Ins Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.Four of the world's major religions—, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism—originated here, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE and shaped the region's diverse culture. Graally annexed by the British East India Company from the early 18th century and colonised by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence which was marked by a non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
India is a federal constitutional republic with a parliamentary democracy consisting of 28 states and seven union territories. A pluralistic, multilingual and multiethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The Indian economy is the world's eleventh largest economy by nominal GDP and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity. Since the introction of market-based economic reforms in 1991, India has become one of the fastest growing major economies in the world;however, the country continues to face several poverty, illiteracy, corruption and public health related challenges. India is classified as a newly instrialised country and is one of the four BRIC nations. It is the world's sixth de facto nuclear weapons state and has the third-largest standing armed force in the world, while its military expenditure ranks tenth in the world.India is a regional power in South Asia.
It is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the World Trade Organization, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the East Asia Summit, the G20 and the G8+5; a member of the Commonwealth of Nations; and an observer state in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
⑵ 和印度人用英語交流注意哪些禮儀
印度習俗禮儀
印度是世界四大文明古國之一,人口眾多,居世界第二位。
印度的禮節儀式是合十禮,晚輩對長輩行禮是彎腰摸長輩的腳,男
人和女人不能握手,在行雙手合十禮或鞠躬禮時男人不能碰女人。如
系一般關系,男人和婦人不能單獨談話。印度人用搖頭表示贊同,而用
點頭表示不同意。
印度人極喜愛鮮花。他們尤其喜歡將花環戴在貴賓、新婚夫婦、過
生日者的脖子上。花環大小根據客人的身份決定,對一般客人花環到
胸,對貴賓花環要過膝。
印度人以大米為主食,愛吃咖喱及油爆、烤、炸的食物,口味喜辣。
尤其對中國四川菜中的魚香類有興趣,而不喜歡喝中、西式菜湯,不吃
木耳、筍、麵筋之類食物。印度人不喝酒,甚至對喝酒特別反感,他們認
為這是違反宗教習慣的,印度人喜歡喝茶,喝茶方式頗奇特:把茶盛在
盤子里,伸舌頭舔喝。
印度人特別講究衛生,每日洗澡且只洗淋浴,在富裕而有教養的家
庭,主婦做飯前要洗澡並換上干凈的衣服。廚房是神聖的地方,外人與
未沐浴的家人是不能進去的。飯前洗手,不食剩下的食物。
印度婦女額部眉間都有一彩色「吉祥點」,吉祥點本來是表示婚嫁
狀況的,現除此含義外,已成為婦女化妝美容的固定組成部分了。
⑶ 印度見面禮節
印度居民大多信奉印度教，其次為伊斯蘭教、基督教、錫克教。在印度，月亮是一切美好事物的象徵。
印度人相見應遞英文名片，英語是印度的商業語言。主客見面時，都要用雙手合十在胸前致意。口中念著：「納瑪斯堆」（梵文：「向您點頭」，現在表示問好或祝福）。晚輩在行禮的時候彎腰摸長者的腳，表示對長輩的尊敬。男子不能和婦女握手。許多家庭婦女忌諱見陌生男子，不輕易和外人接觸。但如果邀請男人參加實社交活動時應請他們偕夫人同來。一般關系的男女不能單獨談話。
印度人是用搖頭表示贊同，用點頭表示不同意。人們用手抓耳朵表示自責；召喚某人的動作是將手掌向下擺手指，但不能只用一個指頭；指人時也要用整個手掌，不能用一兩個指頭。
到印度廟宇或家庭做客，進門必須脫鞋。迎接貴客時，主人常獻上花環，套在客人的頸上。花環的大小長度視客人的身份而定。獻給貴賓的花環既粗又長，超過膝蓋。給一般客人的花環僅到胸前。妻子送丈夫出遠門，最高禮節是摸腳跟和吻腳。到印度家庭做客時，可以帶水果和糖果作為禮物，或給主人的孩子們送點禮品。
用右手拿食物、禮品和敬茶，不用左手，也不用雙手。就餐的時候，印度教徒最忌諱在同一個容器里取用食物。也不吃別人接觸過的食物，甚至別人清洗過的茶杯，也要自己再洗滌一遍後才使用。 喜歡分餐進食，注重菜品酥爛，一般口味不喜太咸，偏愛辣味。主食以米飯為主，對麵食中的餅類也感興趣。不吃菇類、筍類、木耳。信奉印度教和錫克教的人，忌諱吃豬肉，牛肉。他們一般不喝酒，因為喝酒是違反宗教習慣的。但有喝茶的習慣，方式是「舔飲」，也就是把奶茶盛在盤子中，用舌頭舔著喝。印度人最不喜歡吃大葷，吃素食的人較多，等級越高，吃葷越少。喜歡中國的粵菜、蘇菜。
忌諱白色，習慣用百合花作悼念品。他們忌諱彎月圖案，視1、3、7為不吉祥數字，和印度人交談，要迴避有關宗教矛盾、和巴基斯坦的關系、工資以及兩性關系的話題。
印度奉牛為神聖，忌諱吃牛肉，忌諱用牛皮製品。崇拜蛇，視殺蛇為觸犯神靈。忌諱用澡盆給孩子洗澡，認為是「死水」，是不人道的行為。
泰國各個民族都有自己的傳統服飾。現在，泰國城市中的男子在正式社交場合通常穿深色的西裝，打領帶。婦女在正式社交場合穿民族服裝，也可穿裙子；在日常生活中，可穿各式流行服裝，但在公共場合忌穿短褲。
儀態禮儀
在泰國，進入佛殿要脫鞋，進入當地人家的客廳也要脫鞋。他們討厭在平時生活中拍拍打打的舉止習慣，認為這是不禮貌的。當地人向上伸出小指表示和好，大拇指朝下表示失敗，伸出彎曲的食指則表示死亡。
相見禮儀
生性寬厚，溫和有禮的泰國人在見面時不是握手說哈羅，而是合掌說聲「沙娃滴卡」。這種合掌問候方式在泰語稱為「威」（Wai）。做法是把雙手提到胸前，雙掌合並但不貼合，猶如在掌心握著一片棉花。這時您的雙手的形狀就有如一朵含苞待放的蓮花。
在不同的場合，面對不同的人或事時，「威」的做法便會有所不同。比如說在向同輩問好時，合掌後指尖不高過下巴。在對長輩行「威」禮時，則須低頭讓指尖輕觸鼻尖。對尊貴的對象如德高望重的長輩表示尊敬時，則把雙掌抬高至額頭。泰國人遇到僧侶或象徵佛陀的佛像，都會下跪，合掌，並以額頭觸地膜拜。一般遇到同輩向他們「威」時，泰國人都會以「威」禮回報。但若是晚輩向長輩「威」時，長輩是不須回「威」的，有些只以點頭或微笑回應。
一、社交習俗
印度人社交習俗總的特點可以用這樣幾句話來概括：
印度國民多「種姓」， 不同宗教多規定；
民族繁雜多信仰， 性格一般多穩重；
綠色吉祥多偏愛， 白色懊喪多忌用；
講究禮貌多敬語， 禮節方式多注重；
厭倦食物多種類， 待人接物多禁令。
在生活細節上有如下特點：
印度教徒中分為不同等級的社會集團，可以譯為「種姓」。即把人分成四個不同等級；「波羅門」為第一種姓，地位最高；「剎帝利」為「二種姓，地位稍次；「吠舍」為平民，是第三種姓；「首陀羅」為所謂的賤民，為第四種姓，其地位最為低下。他們的各種姓都有自己的道德規范和風俗習慣。在四大種姓之外，還有一種被排除的「不可接觸的賤民」，被稱為「哈里真」。他們是最受歧視的人。印度教徒迎接貴賓時，主人要向客人敬獻花環，並親手將花環套在客人的脖頸上。花環的大小，要視客人的身份而定。獻給貴賓的花環一般很粗大，其長過膝；給一般客人的花環僅及前胸。荷花是印度的國花，倍受印度國民的青睞。因其「出淤泥而不雜，濯清漣而不妖」，故人們常藉以贊美人的氣節與風骨，又被贊譽為「花中君子」。印度人普遍昵愛綠色，認為綠色是吉祥的色彩，象徵著春天和新生。印度婦女民間傳統都喜歡在自己的前額正中點一顆指頭般大小的圓形痣，人們都稱其為「吉祥痣」。其顏色不同，形狀各異，或紅色、或黃色、或紫色、或綠色，黑色痣雖有，但較少見，一般都依衣著顏色而定。
印度人對藍孔雀十分崇拜，並將其視作吉祥、如意、幸福的象徵。印度是個極為尊重牛的國家，印度教徒把牛奉為神明。按他們的習慣，每逢飯前都要首先敬牛。還有的人敬狗、敬蛇、敬老鼠等等。他們的形體動作語言豐富，不過一些動作所示的意思與我們區別很大。如：表示同意的意軸，他們總要先把頭稍歪左邊，然後立刻恢復原狀；表示不同意，他們反倒點頭示意。
二、禮節禮儀
印度人相互見面的禮節，有合掌、舉手示意、擁抱、摸腳、吻腳。一般兩手空著時，口念敬語「納馬斯堆」，同時要施合掌禮。合掌之高低，對開者宜高，兩手至少要與前額相平；對晚輩宜低，可齊於胸口；對平輩宜平，雙手位於胸口和下頜之間。若一手持物，則口念「納馬斯堆」，同時要舉右手施禮。對於長輩，或對某人表示懇求時，則施摸腳禮（即用手摸長者的腳，然後再用手摸一下自己的頭，以示自己的頭與長者的腳相接觸）。摸腳跟和吻腳禮是印度的最高禮節。印度東南部的一些少數民族的人與客人相見時，總把自己的鼻子和嘴緊緊貼在對方的面頰上，並用力地吸氣，嘴裡還要叨念著：「嗅一嗅我！」，以示其對客人的崇敬。印度安達曼群島上的森蒂耐爾人，在與久別摯友重逢時，雙方要交替互坐膝頭，並熱烈地擁抱數分鍾，以表示相逢後的喜悅心情。印度伊斯蘭教徒的見面禮節是按其傳統宗教方式，用右手按胸，同時點頭，口念「真主保佑」。現代在社交場合上的印度男人們，也開始運用握手禮節了，但印度婦女除在重大外交場合外，一般與不與男人握手。
一般禮儀
正統的錫克教信徒頭戴包頭巾，不抽煙，不吃牛肉並且不剪頭發。
進入印度人的住家要脫掉鞋子。
稱謂與問候
見面與分手時，男人與男人握手。如被引見婦女，男人不與她握手而應雙手合十，微微彎腰。男人不能觸碰女，在公共場所不能與單身女人說話。
約會與准時
遵守時間是明智可取的。
款待與饋贈
雖然正統的穆斯林婦女通常不與男人見面，但如果邀請男人參加實社交活動時應請他們偕夫人同來。
來到印度人家裡時，主人會給你戴花環，你應馬上把它取下來以示謙讓。
印度教徒不吃牛肉。牛在印度是神聖的動物。
穆斯林不吃豬肉，恪守教義的穆斯林滴酒不沾。
接受或傳遞食品時，一定要用右手。
作客時可以帶水果和糖果作為禮物，或給主人的孩子們送點禮品。
交談
印度人喜歡談論他們的文化業績、印度的傳統、有關其他民族和外國的情況。
不要談及個人私事、印度的貧困狀況、軍事開支以及大量的外援。
⑷ 關於印度餐桌禮儀英語短文
印度菜在菜式創造和就餐禮儀上，都已經逐漸變得更加國際化，但是有一些細節專仍然需要外國食屬客們注意，否則仍有可能在餐桌上貽笑大方。
印度的餐桌禮儀：
1、 就餐也要拿捏時間
印度人通常一天只吃兩頓飯，第一餐是在上午接近中午的時候，第二餐基本在晚上9點以後。但是習慣西式生活的印度人，也開始一日三餐，每餐包括開胃菜、湯、主菜和甜點，根據個人食量點菜，也可以不要開胃菜。
如果和印度人同桌吃開胃菜，吃得太快或太慢都是不好的，最好盡量保持和對方相同的速度把菜吃完。甜點和茶一定要等到飯後再端上餐桌，否則也是對客人非常不禮貌的行為。
2、印度人實行分餐，所以吃多少盛多少，不要剩菜。
3、「手抓飯」忌諱
印度人用手也是有忌諱的，那就是他們只用右手抓食物，而左手絕對不得用來觸碰食物。印度人認為，左手是專門用來處理不潔之物的，因此吃飯時，他們的左小臂一般沿桌邊貼放，手垂放於桌面以下，或是乾脆把左手藏在隱蔽的地方。
4、用餐結束清洗右手
服務員會給客人用小碗端來洗手水，水裡漂著用於清潔的檸檬片和用於裝飾的花瓣，當然，只能清洗右手。
⑸ 寫關於 印度人的吃飯禮節 的英語文章
羊肉的「巨無霸」The lamb "big MAC"
印度人大部分信奉印度教，宗教對飲食有著很大的影響。India's National People's Congress, religious hins part of eating a big impact.眾所周知，牛，在印度人心目中極為神聖。As is known to all, cattle, in India to be sacred.盡管很多牛在大街上游盪，但在餐館里，在任何招待會上，你是決不會吃到牛肉的。Although a lot of cattle roam in the street, but in a restaurant, in any conference, you'll never eat beef.在印度去吃麥當勞，別忘了不要點牛肉的「巨無霸」，因為那裡只有羊肉的。In India to McDonald's, don't forget not the "big MAC" points beef, because there's only lamb.外國人要想吃牛肉，只能到穆斯林聚居的專門店鋪去買，拿回家自己做。Foreigners will want to eat beef, only to the Muslim enclaves special shops to buy and take it home by yourself.
由於宗教的原因，印度的素食者特別多。Due to the reason of religious, Indian vegetarian much more special.請印度人吃飯，先要搞清楚對方是不是素食者，否則會很尷尬。Please India people eat, first find out whether someone's vegetarian, otherwise would be very awkward.嚴格的素食者，是連雞蛋也不吃的，但牛奶一般都喝。Strict vegetarian, is even don't eat eggs, but generally drink milk.有些虔誠的印度教徒，吃飯前還要做禱告。Some devout hins, even before the dinner to pray.
不吃牛肉，但喝牛奶Do not eat beef, but drink milk
印度是世界上數一數二的產奶大國，牛奶在印度人的飲食結構中，佔有非常重要的位置。India is the world's superpower, and milk milk proction in India people's diet, occupied a very important position.每天早晨和傍晚，到國營奶站打奶的人絡繹不絕，有的大家庭一打就是幾升。Every morning and evening, to state-run milk standing play milk came in an endless stream, some big family a dozen is a few liters.很多印度人的早餐就是一杯茶，再加幾塊餅干。Many Indian breakfast is a cup of tea, add a few biscuits.而印度人喝茶一般是要加牛奶和糖的。India tea is commonly milk and sugar.
在德里的菜市場，還能買到雪白的奶豆腐，吃起來有很濃的奶香味。In Delhi, the markets can also buy in the white NaiDouFu, eat up has a strong milk fragrance.印度人特別喜歡吃甜食，印度餐最傳統的甜食也是用兩種乳酪和糖製成的。India people enjoy eating sweets, Indian meal the most traditional sweets also is to use two kinds of cheese and made of sugar.
只能用右手吃飯Only with the right hand to dinner
印度人吃飯的方式還保留著某些傳統的習慣。India people eat way still has some traditional habits.雖然在較正式的場合，人們吃飯使用叉和勺，但在家中，用手抓更來得痛快。Although in more formal occasions, people eat use fork and spoon, but in the home, with the hand better than time.每人面前擺放一個大盤子，把米飯盛上，再澆上菜和湯，然後用手稍加混合，捏成團，就抓著送進嘴裡。Each person is put before a big plate, the rice and at the poured again, serve food and soup, then by hand slightly, knead dough, hybrid grabbed the back into its mouth.在街頭的小吃攤、小吃店以及寺廟里，人們通常用一種干樹葉壓製成的盤子來盛食物，有的餐館則給每個吃飯的人一片新鮮的大樹葉子，用來盛米飯等食物，這倒是很環保。In the streets of the snack bar and temples, eating places, people usually use a dry leaves to squelch plate to fill food, some restaurants is to give each eat them a fresh large leaves, used to put food such as rice, it's very environmental protection
⑹ 用英文介紹印度文化
The Republic of India
The Republic of India is a large South Asian country rich in ethnic diversity,with over one billion people speaking hundreds of languages. Politically it is the world's largest liberal democracy. The Indian economy is the fourth largest in the world, in terms of purchasing power parity, and is the world's second-fastest growing economy. India is also the second most populated country in the world. India has grown significantly, in terms of both population and strategic importance, in the last twenty years attributed to economic reforms.
Strategically located in Asia,constituting most of the Indian subcontinent,India straddles many busy trade routes. It shares its borders with Pakistan,the People's Republic of China,Myanmar,Bangladesh,Nepal,Bhutan and Afghanistan.Sri Lanka,the Maldives and Indonesia are the nearby island nations in the Indian Ocean. Home to some of the most ancient civilisations in the world, India was formally ruled by the British for almost ninety years before gaining independence in 1947.
Origin of India's name: The official name India is derived from Sindhu, the historic local appellation for the river Ins and is the most internationally recognisable of the country. The Constitution of India and general usage also recognises Bharat as the other official name of equal status. Bharat comes from the name of an ancient Hin king and means seeker of knowledge. The third name is Hinstan, meaning land of the Hins (where Hin refers to those who dwell to the right of the Ins/Sindhu river) used from the Mughal times onwards.
India,a sub-continent with 5000 year old History. A civilization united by its diversity,richness of culture,the glory of past,the turbulences and triumphs. The landmarks of each era,the achievements of a change,the legacy of a regime. As we walk through the history,India is an amazing discovery and its history is a unique tale of the past.
With the arrival of the Portuguese, French and English traders, advantage was taken of the fractured, debilitate kingdoms to colonise India. In 1857, an insurrection amongst the army sepoys ensued in the popular Revolt of 1857 against the powerful British East India Company; this mobilised resistance, though short-lasting, was caused by the widespread resentment against discriminatory policies of the British. After the revolt, the Indian independence movements started demanding complete independence. On August 15th, 1947, India was finally granted independence from British rule and became a secular republic.
January 26 (Republic Day of India): Republic Day is one of the greatest national celebrations observed throughout the country on January 26 every year. India became Republic on the 26th Jan, 1950. The country became a sovereign democratic republic with a written constitution and an elected parliament.
At the time of independence, although India was under British rule, there were 565 Princely States, big and small, ruled by powerful sovereigns who were protected by treaties of alliance with the British Crown. Without bringing them together, the fundamental unity of the country was not possible. This unification was accomplished by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose statesmanship helped to integrate the country into one nation. In a little less than 2 years, all the princely States became a part of the Republic of India.
It was on this date in 1927 that the Indian National Congress, then fighting its non-violent war for freedom, voted for complete independence as against 'dominion status'. When members of the INC took the pledge to work towards a 'sovereign democratic republic' of India.
Indian Constitution:
When India gained freedom from the British on August 15, 1947 there was the need to regulate the meaning of freedom.Therefore, to have a set of rules and regulations that would guide the nation, the Constituent Assembly met on December 9,1946.The Constituent Assembly was convened and appointed a committee with Dr. B.R.Ambedkar as Chairman to draft the Constitution.
Borrowing from the Constitutions of other countries, for example, the parliamentary form of government from Britain, supremacy of judiciary from the United States, federal system with a strong centre from Canada, directive principles of state policy from Ireland, the idea of concurrent powers and co-operative federalism from Australia, the system of procere established by law from Japan, the Indian Constitution is an amalgam of all these.
The Indian Constitution, the longest in the world, consist 397 articles and 12 scheles which provides for a single citizenship for the whole of India.The constitution of India was originally written in English It gives the right to vote to all citizens of 18 years and above, unless they are disqualified. Fundamental rights are guaranteed to the citizens, equality of religion and so on.
National motto: Satyameva Jayate (In sanskrit it means Always Truth Alone Triumphs)
The Great Indian Flag: This is an ancient Indian symbol associated with the powers and changes of nature.
Officially, the Orange color stands for Courage and sacrifice.
The White color signifies Peace and truth.
While Green symbolises Faith and Chivalry.
It is the ty of every Citizen to realise the significance of our flag and pay the honour and respect its commands.
Official language: Hindi,English
Having being declared a Democratic Republic, the people starting governing themselves according to the Constitution written by the Constituent Assembly. With this, Republic Day became the most important day in the history of India. It is therefore natural that the festivities for the day are a lot more elaborate than that for Independence Day.
The Republic Day Parade
The parade showcasing India's military might and cultural diversity covers an eight-km route, starting from the Rashtrapathi Bhavan through the picturesque Rajpath down to India Gate before winding up at the historic Red Fort in Old Delhi.
The events of the day begin with the Prime Minister laying a wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti (at India Gate).He meets the dignitaries present and unfurls the National Flag.Following the unfurling the National Anthem is played to a 21-gun salute.
After this a brief investiture ceremony takes place ring which the President awards India's top gallantry awards - Param Veer Chakra, Veer Chakra and Maha Veer Chakra. In army these are known as the most prestigious awards for bravery for saving their motherland from the enemy of our country.
Indian struggle continues till now...
After independence,India has fought four wars with its neighbours. From 1975 to 1977, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a "State of Emergency in India", thereby freezing civil rights and detaining civilians without trial. Sikh riots in 1984 resulted in religious strife in much of India.
Also the destruction of the Babri Masjid in 1992 resulted in religious strife in much of India. In the desert town of Pokhran, in 1998, the Indian government exploded five nuclear warheads, confirming India's nuclear status. In 1999, India mobilised its military in Kargil, Kashmir to repel Islamist terrorists who, under the auspices of the Pakistani government, were encroaching upon Indian territory.
⑺ 用英語介紹印度的傳統節日
Diwali - Traditional Indian Festival
星期一除了是Halloween之外原來還是印度一個傳統的節日 -- Diwali。由於公司有很多印度人，星期一我們決定吃Indian food，好食程度就見仁見智啦。順便在這里post一下這個節日的一些背景和傳統。
1. Diwali is the biggest Indian Festival.
2. It is also called the Festival of Lights.
3. It symbolizes the victory of good over evil and the beginning of a new era. Hin's start their new year on this day. A huge number of traditional businesses start their accounting calendars on this day.
4. Diwali is celebrated by offering one's prayers to Laxmi, the goddess of Wealth and Ganesha, the remover of all obstacles.
5. People go on a spending and shopping spree before this festival, shopping for gifts, clothes, cleaning and decorating their homes.
6. People exchange gifts, money and sweets and light up their houses with clay lamps (these days candles and 100s of mini-light bulbs work too).
7. Oh yeah, people always observe a vegetarian diet on this day
感覺上有點像是中國的農歷新年耶~
⑻ 用英文介紹印度風俗 簡短一點
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largestcountry by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma andBangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India'sAndaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Ins Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinentwas identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.Four world religions—,Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Graally annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
The Indian economy is the world's tenth-largest by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly instrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, illiteracy, corruption, malnutrition, and inadequate public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks ninth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional republicgoverned under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, andmultiethnic society. It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.
⑼ 各國餐桌禮儀英語翻譯
各國餐桌禮儀英語翻譯
在法國，你完全可以用兩只手吃飯——用刀叉或者是叉子加麵包。麵包在這里並不是開胃菜——而是幫助把食物弄到叉子上面的工具。吃麵包的時候，慢慢的撕下，千萬別直接對著麵包咬。不用的.時候，麵包是放在桌子或是桌布上的，別放在盤子里。以下是我為大家整理分享的各國餐桌禮儀英語翻譯，歡迎閱讀參考。
各國餐桌禮儀英語翻譯
Dining Etiquette
Dining while abroad can feel as though you are tiptoeing around a minefield of unfamiliar rules. Table manners are the ultimate way to show respect (or some accidental disrespect) to your gracious host.
在國外吃飯，宛如躡手躡腳的遊走在一堆不熟悉的規則中間。餐桌禮儀是對主人展現尊敬(有時反而顯現不敬)的最好方式。
Slurp your food.
吃東西時砸吧嘴。
In Japan, most commonly when eating noodles and soups, slurping shows your appreciation of the food to the chef. The louder the better! You may also drink directly from the soup bowl -- spoons are uncommon. Furthermore, never cross your chopsticks, lick your chopsticks, or stick your chopsticks vertically into a bowl of rice. Its considered very rude in Japan and many other Asian countries, including China.
在日本，吃面喝湯極其尋常，發出嘖嘖聲是對廚師食物的肯定。越大聲越好!你還可以直接端起湯碗來喝湯——調羹反而用的不多。另外，千萬別把筷子交叉，舔筷子或是把筷子垂直插在米飯中間。這在日本以及其他亞洲國家包括中國，都是極其粗魯的表現。
Eat only with your right hand.
只用右手吃飯。
Sorry lefties -- in India, the Middle East, and some parts of Africa, it is considered unclean to eat with your left hand.
左撇子對不住啦——在印度、中東以及非洲某些地區，用左手吃飯是不衛生的表現。
Dont offer to split the bill.
別想著AA制。
In France, splitting the bill is considered the height of unsophistication. Offer to pay the bill in its entirety or someone else will.
在法國，AA制被看成不懂人情世故。要麼就請客，不然就等別人買單吧。
Bread is a utensil.
麵包只是食具。
In France, you are supposed to use two hands to eat -- either fork and knife or fork and bread. Bread isnt meant to be an appetizer -- instead it serves to assist the food to the fork. When you eat the bread, tear off a piece of it to eat instead of biting directly into the bread. When not in use, the bread belongs on the table or tablecloth instead of the plate.
在法國，你完全可以用兩只手吃飯——用刀叉或者是叉子加麵包。麵包在這里並不是開胃菜——而是幫助把食物弄到叉子上面的工具。吃麵包的時候，慢慢的撕下，千萬別直接對著麵包咬。不用的時候，麵包是放在桌子或是桌布上的，別放在盤子里。
Dont touch any part of your meal with your hands.
不要用手碰到任何食物。
In Chile, touching food with your hands is considered ill-mannered. Yep, even fries! In Brazil, too, pizza and burgers are normally eaten with a fork and knife.
在智利，用手碰食物是非常不禮貌的表現。是的，甚至是薯條!而在巴西亦是如此，披薩和漢堡通常都是用刀叉吃的。
Dont put food in your mouth with a fork.
不要用叉子把食物放在嘴裡。
In Thailand, forks are used to push food into a spoon. Also, its unusual to use chopsticks -- theyre considered tacky.
在泰國，一般都是用調羹吃東西，用筷子都是很奇怪的——會被看成沒有教養。
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