煉鐵廠英語怎麼說及英文翻譯

A. 奼傚浘鐗囦腑鐨勮嫳鏂囩炕璇戞垚奼夊瓧 鍏朵粬涓嶅彉

Iron core錛氶搧鐭跨煶
Coal injection錛氬姞鍏ョ叅
Coal錛氱叅
緲昏瘧瀹屾瘯錛岃蜂綘鑷宸辨寜鐓у崟璇嶉愪釜鏌ュ廣傛病鏈夐敊錛屽繀欏婚噰綰籌紒錛

Coke oven錛氱偧鐒︾偔鐐 coal鍓浜у搧
Limestone錛氱煶鐏

Natural gas錛氬ぉ鐒舵皵鍗栨
Direct Rection錛氱洿鎺ヨ繕鍘熷弽搴 浠庨搧鐭跨煶鐢熶駭鍑哄滻浣撻噾灞為搧
Blast furnace錛氱偧閾侀珮鐐 浠庨搧鐭跨煶鐢熶駭鍑鴻瀺鍖栫敓閾侊紙鍘熸枡鐢熼搧錛 錛堥粍棰滆壊涓錛塻lag-鐭挎福錛涚啍鐐肩敓閾

Electric arc furnace錛氱數寮х倝 鐢熶駭鍑轟腑鐮佽繀鋙嶅寲閽
Recycled steel錛氬洖鏀墮挗
Steel refining facility錛氱簿鐐奸挗
Basic oxygen furnace錛氳漿鐐 鐢熶駭鍑鴻瀺鍖栭挗
Pig iron cast錛氶摳閫犵敓閾

Continuous cast錛氭ā楂樿繛緇閾擱
Slab錛氭澘鍧
Thin slab錛氳杽鏉垮澂
Bloom錛氭柟鍧
Billet錛氬皬鏂瑰澂

B. 鄂鋼11冶金專業英語考試題及答案

一．片語漢譯英（任選10個片語作為一道片語漢譯英題目，每題2分）.
1.煉鋼 2.高溫 3.熟鐵 4.平爐 5.木炭 6.. 爐腹 7.鐵溝 8.鋼廠 9.高爐 10.熔池 11.風量 12.石灰 13.脈石 14.球團礦 15.噴水 16.連鑄系統 17.資金
18.鑄坯 19. 鐵水 20.合金
答案：1. steelmaking 2.high temperature 3.wrought iron 4.open-hearth 5.charcoal
6.bosh 7. iron runner 8.steel plant 9.blast furnace 10.bath 11.blast volume
12.lime 13.gangue 14.pellet 15、water spray 16.casting system 17.capital
18.strand 19.hot metal 20.alloy
二、選擇題(任選10題，每題2分)
1.Hematite is ( A ) of the most widely used ores.
A.one B.a C.an D.the
2.In the case of red iron ore,the compound of iron and oxygen(C ) not so 「tight」.
A.are B.am C.is D.was
3.Iron and oxygen atoms are very closely( A ) with each other in magnetite.
A.combined B.combining c.combines D.combine
4.Early sponge iron was( B )in bloomery hearths furnaces.
A.proce B.proced C.proces D.procing
5.Pig iron consists( B )the element iron combined with numerous other chemical elements,
A.in B.of C.with D.for
6.In 1709,Abraham Darby,a young man succeeded in( A ) iron with coke.
A.smelting B.smelt C.smelted D.smelts
7.The earth( B ) a large number of metals which are useful to man.One of the most important of these is iron.
A.containing B.contains C.contained D.contain
8.Modern instry ( B )considerable quantities of this metal,either in the form of iron or the form of steel.
A.needed B.needs C.needing D.need
9.All five of these elements must either be removed almost entirely or at( B )reced drastically in amount.
A.most B.least C.more D.less
10.Modern steelmaking processes are ( C )into two general classes from the chemical point of view.
A.divide B.dividing C.divided D.divides
11.The primary( A )between the two methods of steelmaking is that phosphorus and sulphur can only be removed effectively from the metal under a cover of basic slag.
A.difference B.different C.differences D.difference from
12.The slag is ( C ) and the copper is stirred with tree trunks.
A.remove B.removing C.removed D.removes
13.Poling is a critical operation in which the aim is( A)the oxygen content down to 0.03%-0.06%.
A.to bring B.bring C.brung D.brings
14.Tough pitch copper contains0.03%-0.06% oxygen and is very ( B)for working.
A.suit B.suitable C.suited D.suits
15.If the copper is over-poled it must be re-( C)and re-poled.
A.oxidising B.oxidise C.oxidised D.oxidises
16.Forging is usually(B)by hammers.
A.doing B.done C.does D.do
17.Rolling is the process of shaping metal in a maching( B) rolling mill.
A.calls B.called C.call D.calling
18.Stamping or cold forging means( B) cold-rolled or hot-rolled sheets between two dies.
A.to press B.pressing C.press D.pressed
19.When you wake up in the moring rested after a good night』s(A )you look at your watch to see the time.
A.sleeping B.sleep C.sleeps D.sleeped
20.The street car which (B)you to school or to work gets its power from the heavily charged trolley wires overhead.
A.take B.takes C.taking D.taked
21．The important traits of steel,such as a high melting point,high specific heat,and low heat conctivity,are factors ( A ) the difficulty in continuous steel casting.
A.to B.for C.with D.of
22.Contimuous casting of rounds is quite ( B ) at present.
A. limiting B.limited C.limits D.limit
23. The refining of steel by Bessemer and open-hearth processes removes impurities（ B）pig iron by the oxygen of the air
A.with B.from C.among D.of
24. Most of the impurities（ B ）taken into the slag.
A.is B.are C.being D.was
25. Bessemer himself had envisaged the use of oxygen but of course he( D )not obtain sufficient amounts.
A.can B.must C had D.could
26. In the 1960s steel-making ( C )a leap forward.
A.takes B.taking C.took D.taked
27.These react with( B )sand or lime to form a slag which is removed separately.
A.add B.added C.adding D.adds
28.The continuous casting of steel has been difficult to ( A).
A.perform B.be performed C.performed D.performing
29.Low alloy steels with under 10 percent of added elements and high alloy steels( A )over 10 percent of added elements.
A.with B.within C.of D.for
30.The alloying elements modify the effect of the ( B).
A.treat B.treatment C.treatments D.treating
三、將以下單詞填入空白處（任選一題作為填空題，每空2分）。
《1》 notch support mould bleeders undertaken ceramic skimmer double plug applied
1.The furnace is built on o foundation of pilings and concrete to( support ) the furnace and burden.
2.Above the iron notch is the slag ( notch ).
3.Between the bosh and lower stack usually has a ( ceramic ) lining.
4.The design of the cooling system and refractory should be (undertaken )together.
5.The charge is hoisted to the top of the furnace and mped on to a ( double )bell and hopper arrangement .
6.Liquid slag will float on the iron and is separated from the iron by the ( skimmer )in the casthouse.
7.The mudgun is used to (plug )the taphole at the end of the cast.
8.At the top of the uptakes are a series of pressure relief valves called ( bleeders ).
9.Nowadays,secondary refining is generally ( applied )after the refining process.
10.The metal is also cast into ( mould )in the vaccum chamber.
答案：
《2》 metallurgical partly hydrogen sponge iron ore gas seal legs equipment undergo reformer
1.The blast furnace takes place the direct rection process,which is the great improvement in the( metallurgical ) technology.
2.In gas rection process,recing gases are carbon monoxide,( hydrogen )and mixtures.
3.The shaft-furnace process plays an important part in ( gas ) rection process.
4.The main component of the MIdrex process are the shaft furnace,the gas( reformer ),and the cooling-gas system.
5.The cooled DRI is continuously discharged through ( seal legs ) at the bottom of the furnace.
6.Rotary kiln furnace is important ( equipment ) used solid recing agents.
7.The outcome of all direct rection techniques is ( sponge iron ).
8.Smelting rection thechology usually proces hot metal from( ore )without coke.
9.Dissolved gases only ( partly) escape while the steel solidifies.
10.Nitrogen lowers the ability of steels to (undergo)deep drawing operations.

四、英譯漢（單詞2分一個,任選5個作為一題）
○1ironmaking ○2belt ○3slab ○4blast furnace ○5slag pit ○6spring
○7green pellet ○8limestone ○9BOF ○10belly ○11preheat ○12burden ○13oxgen lance
○14ladle ○15DRI ○16EAF ○17.oxygen ○18.parameter ○19.water glass ○20.ferroalloy
答案：1.煉鐵 2.皮帶 3.板坯 4.高爐 5.渣池 6.彈簧 7.生球
8.石灰石 9.鹼性氧氣轉爐 10.爐腰 11.預熱 12.爐料 13.氧槍
14.鋼包 15.直接還原鐵 16.電弧爐 17.氧氣 18.參數 19.水玻璃
20. 鐵合金
五．將以下句子翻譯成中文。（任選5個作為一題，每題6分）
1. After its inventors,it was also known as the Siemens-Martin process(or open hearth process).
2. As the demand for high quality steels increased,post-treatment became a routine step in the proction of steel.
3. The portion of the ore that is too fine to be charged directly into blast furnace is usually agglomerated.
4. The molten slag usually goes directly to slag pits adjacent to the casthouse, where it is cooled with water sprays.
5. The checker chamber is packed bricks which provide many small,vertically aligned flues for the high temperature gases.
6. The deoxidization procts settle out in the slag.
答案：1.依據它的發明者的名字命名，就叫做西門子-馬丁工藝（平爐工藝）。
2. 隨著對高質量鋼需求的增長，爐外精煉已成為當今煉鋼過程中必不可少的步驟。
3. 礦石中很細小的顆粒不能直接裝入高爐，通常需要燒結成塊狀。
4. 熔渣通常直接送到出鐵場附近的渣池，在那裡用水噴射冷卻。
5. 蓄熱室是用格子磚堆砌而成，它能提供許多直徑比較小的高溫氣體直通管。
6. 脫氧產物進入渣中。

C. 鼓風爐和高爐是一樣的嗎為什麼英文翻譯都是Blast furnace

豎爐的一種。由爐頂、爐身和爐缸或本床組成。煉鐵鼓風爐通稱高爐；鼓風爐則一般指有色金屬的熔煉豎爐。
一. 鼓風爐
blast furnace | air furnace 詞博科技英語次科技詞彙[38501-38600] | blast cupola furnace 鼓風爐; 化鐵爐 .詞博科技英語次科技詞彙[49401-49500]|
例句與用法
1.鉛團在鼓風爐中被溶解。雜質就能被掠去了。
The lead paste is then smelted in a blast furnace. Impurities can be skimmed off.
2.從均勻送風爐出發,評述了諸多均勻送風鼓風爐,如:無焦沖天爐、轉爐、懸浮爐、煤炭氣化爐、旋風爐、余熱鍋爐、沸騰爐等等,以期功能強化、能源節約和污染減輕,從而奠定爐型工程學基礎。
In order to strengthen the function,save energy and lighten pollustion,this paper reviews many balanced-blast furnaces,example for cokeless cupola,converter,suspended furnace,coal-gasifier,cyclone furnace,remaining heat boiler,fluidezed bed etc.,started from balanced-blast cupola,therefore establishing the base of furnace type engineering science.

2. 正文
豎爐的一種。由爐頂、爐身和爐缸或本床組成。爐頂設有加料口和排煙口。爐身下部兩側各有向爐內鼓風的風口若干個，爐缸設有熔體排出口和放空口，本床只設一個排出口。
煉鐵鼓風爐通稱高爐；鼓風爐則一般指有色金屬的熔煉豎爐。
鼓風爐可用於銅、鎳、鈷等金屬的造鋶熔煉和鉛、鋅等金屬的還原熔煉，還可用於熔化雜銅和處理其他物料。鼓風爐的爐料一般為塊狀，燃料為焦炭。爐料分批從爐頂加入，形成料柱。空氣由下部風口鼓入，焦炭在風口區燃燒，形成高溫熔煉區；爐料在此激烈反應，不斷熔化。還原熔煉時，熔體在爐缸內澄清，分別放出金屬和爐渣，造鋶熔煉時，熔體經本床流入前床，澄清分離出冰銅和爐渣。熱煙氣穿過爐料上升至爐頂排出過程中，使爐料預熱（熔煉混捏精礦時,還使精礦燒結）,並發生部分熔煉化學反應。所以鼓風爐的傳熱傳質條件好，熱效率高，單位面積日生產能力（即床能率）大。

鼓風爐爐身橫斷面多為長方形，小型爐一般為圓形或橢圓形。爐內的風口部位叫風口區，風口區橫斷面積為衡量爐子大小的尺度。長方形鼓風爐風口區的寬度一般為1～1.5米,長度3～10米。風口至料面的距離稱為料柱高度。爐頂料面上的溫度為爐頂溫度。鼓風爐熔煉的操作分高料柱（3.6～ 5.5米)冷爐頂(100～200℃)和低料柱（2.5～3.5米）熱爐頂(300～500℃)兩種。還原熔煉多用高料柱，造鋶熔煉多用低料柱。鼓風爐的燃料為焦炭。還原熔煉時，焦炭兼作還原劑，焦率較高，如煉鉛鼓風爐焦率約10～13％；造鋶熔煉，焦率較低，煉銅鼓風爐焦率約 8～10％。鼓風爐風壓與料柱高度和爐料塊度有關，高料柱操作,一般為80～150毫米汞柱(表壓)，低料柱操作，一般為50～80毫米汞柱（表壓）。鼓風爐風口區為熔煉區，溫度最高,煉鉛爐約為1250℃,煉銅爐約為1350℃。鼓風爐的床能率以風口區單位面積計，煉鉛爐一般為50～70噸／（米2·日）,熔煉銅精礦的鼓風爐一般為40～50噸／（米2·日）。
鼓風爐是傳統的冶金設備之一。19世紀末，爐身開始採用局部水冷裝置，後來發展成全水套爐身；現已發展為汽化冷卻，生產低壓蒸汽。

參考書目
趙天從主編：《重金屬冶金學》,冶金工業出版社,北京，1981。

二.高爐
blast furnace 環境資源與相關詞彙
. 近義詞或片語
high furnace 化學及化工專業英語詞彙(H) | shaft furnace 焊接專業關聯詞彙（鑄造2）(3) - 焊接術語| blastfurnace
1.高鋁質耐火泥漿用於高爐、熱風爐及其它工業爐砌築高鋁磚。
High aluminum refractory mortars widely used for aluminum brick masonry in blast furnaces ,hot air stoves coke ovens , reheating furnaces and other instry furnaces.

2.焦爐廠中生成的焦炭在高爐中還原鐵礦石（鐵的氧化物）成鐵。
As a simple overview, the blast furnace needs coke from the coke plant to rece the iron ore (iron oxide) to iron.
來源：www.labguide.cn

橫斷面為圓形的煉鐵豎爐，用鋼板作爐殼，裡面砌耐火磚內襯。高爐本體自上而下分為爐喉、爐身、爐腰、爐腹、爐缸五部分。爐喉之上設置裝料設備（見高爐供料和裝料系統）。爐缸上部沿周均勻設風口，熱風通過熱風圍管、支管和彎頭、直吹管由風口鼓入爐內（見高爐鼓風系統）。風口平面之下有出渣口，渣口平面之下有出鐵口。

高爐內型 高爐內型輪廓要根據原料、燃料、高爐容積和操作等條件設計。設計爐型時首先確定爐缸直徑及單位爐缸面積每日燃燒焦炭的數量。中國設計的經驗式是,式內d為爐缸直徑（米）；i為冶煉強度〔噸／（米3·日）〕，取1.0～1.2；V為高爐容積(米3)；J為燃燒強度〔噸焦炭／（米2·日）〕,取24～28.8。然後按各部分尺寸比例和爐身角 (85°左右)計算。設計的內型要與生產中的高爐內型對比，參考容積近似的其他高爐的尺寸進行修改。

高爐爐體結構 按爐體外部結構、高爐基礎、高爐內襯和冷卻設備分述如下：
爐體外部結構 主要有自立式、爐缸支柱式、框架支柱式、框架自立式等四種。它們的差別在於支承爐頂、上部爐殼和磚襯負荷的地方不同。早期小高爐多是自立式，大型高爐大多採用框架自立式。現代大型高爐鼓風壓力高,爐體外殼鋼板加厚,殼內噴塗耐火材料，防止熱應力和晶間腐蝕引起開裂和變形。風口平台有較寬敞的操作空間；取消渣口，改用矮式泥炮；風口平台連成一片，以便叉車和換風口機行走。

高爐基礎 高爐基礎所承受的負荷按平均每立方米爐容約5～6噸考慮，用鋼筋混凝土基礎建在岩石、筒式樁或鋼管樁（內灌水泥）上。海濱建廠的大型高爐基礎採用長幾十米的鋼管樁作底座。
高爐內襯 高爐爐殼內部砌有一層厚345～1150毫米的耐火磚，以減少爐殼散熱量，磚中設置冷卻設備防止爐殼變形。高爐各部分磚襯損壞機理不同，為了防止局部磚襯先損壞而縮短高爐壽命，必須根據損壞、冷卻和高爐操作等因素，選用不同的耐火磚襯。爐缸、爐底傳統使用高級和超高級粘土磚。爐底使用碳磚有三種型式：全部為碳磚；爐底四周和上部為碳磚，下部為粘土磚或高鋁磚；爐底四周和下部為碳磚，上部為粘土磚或高鋁磚。後兩種又稱為綜合爐底。爐身上部和爐喉磚襯要求具有抗磨性和熱穩定性的材料，以粘土磚為宜。爐腹磚襯被侵蝕後靠「渣皮」維持生產。
冷卻設備 主要有冷卻水箱和冷卻壁兩種。因高爐各部分熱負荷而異。爐底四周和爐缸使用碳磚時採用光面冷卻壁。爐底之下可用空氣、水或油冷卻。爐腹使用碳磚時可從外部向爐殼噴水冷卻，使用其他磚襯時，用冷卻水箱或鑲磚冷卻壁。爐腰和爐身下部多採用傳統的銅冷卻水箱。爐身上部可採用各種形式的冷卻設備，一般用鑄鐵或鋼板焊接的冷卻水箱。爐喉一般不冷卻。冷卻介質過去使用工業水，現在改用軟水和純水。直流或露天循環供水系統也已被強制循環供水系統所代替，後者優點是熱交換好、無沉澱、消耗水量少等。